EP2082788B1 - Alpinski mit Einstellungselementen - Google Patents

Alpinski mit Einstellungselementen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2082788B1
EP2082788B1 EP09000417A EP09000417A EP2082788B1 EP 2082788 B1 EP2082788 B1 EP 2082788B1 EP 09000417 A EP09000417 A EP 09000417A EP 09000417 A EP09000417 A EP 09000417A EP 2082788 B1 EP2082788 B1 EP 2082788B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ski
blade
traction
tension
contact point
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Active
Application number
EP09000417A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2082788A1 (de
Inventor
Bertrand Krafft
Gilles Silva
Christian Huyghe
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Salomon SAS
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Salomon SAS
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Publication of EP2082788A1 publication Critical patent/EP2082788A1/de
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/06—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices
    • A63C5/07—Skis or snowboards with special devices thereon, e.g. steering devices comprising means for adjusting stiffness
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/04—Structure of the surface thereof
    • A63C5/0405—Shape thereof when projected on a plane, e.g. sidecut, camber, rocker
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63C—SKATES; SKIS; ROLLER SKATES; DESIGN OR LAYOUT OF COURTS, RINKS OR THE LIKE
    • A63C5/00—Skis or snowboards
    • A63C5/12—Making thereof; Selection of particular materials

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pair of skis whose construction is improved.
  • the choice of the characteristics of the ski in particular as regards its length, its geometry, its stiffness, the length and the height of its spatula depends on a certain number of criteria, such as the abilities of the skier in the discipline practiced, the quality of the snow, the nature of the activity (relaxation, sport, competition, freeride, off-piste).
  • skis are designed for either a specific use corresponding to a small number of criteria or for general use.
  • the ski becomes very difficult to use as soon as the conditions of use are different from those for which it was designed.
  • the ski is designed for general use, its operation is never optimal.
  • skis have a satisfactory operation regardless of the snow conditions, whether it is a damn snow, hard, as found on the slopes at the beginning of the day, or that it is soft snow, almost melted, as it appears at the end of the day in the spring.
  • the document FR 2,448,360 proposes a device allowing to adjust on the spot the characteristics of a ski.
  • This device allows to modify the camber of the ski and includes means varying the flexibility and elasticity of the ski.
  • This device is complex and requires the establishment of elements weighing on the ski which thereby modifies the behavior.
  • this device requires the presence of a cable having a vertical arrow between two points placed between the middle part of the ski and the spatula contact point. We then have large elements that can interfere with the practice of skiing and that give an unsightly appearance to the ski.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a ski whose characteristics can be adjusted according to several criteria and in particular the quality of the snow.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ski having means for adjusting the characteristics, which are integrated in the ski.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ski equipped with means for adjusting these characteristics while maintaining a satisfactory aesthetic.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ski whose geometry can be adjusted, especially the spatula height without the rigidity being modified.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ski whose geometry can be adjusted, in particular the contact zone of the front part of the ski with a flat surface on which it is placed.
  • the contact area of the front part of the ski is also called the spatula contact point.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a ski which has adjustment means allowing a user to adapt said ski to the conditions in which he wish to practice alpine skiing and in particular, to have a "track position" and an "off-piste position”.
  • a ski comprising a structural assembly, gliding means and means of decoration and protection; said structural assembly comprising at least one lower reinforcement, at least one upper reinforcement and an intermediate structure placed between the upper reinforcement and the lower reinforcement; said ski having longitudinally a cambered profile such that when said gliding means are placed on a flat surface the ski rests on a spatula contact point and a heel contact point; said ski further comprising traction means exerting traction between a first anchorage placed beyond the spatula contact zone and a second anchorage placed below said spatula contact zone; said traction means being placed for a greater part of their length below said decoration and protection means; said traction means being placed for a greater part of their length above the neutral fiber of said ski.
  • said traction means further comprise a traction member for placing said second anchor in at least two positions separated longitudinally from each other by a distance D.
  • the first position of the second anchorage corresponds to the "track position", while the second position corresponds to the "off-track position”.
  • Said structural assembly constitutes the "motor" of the ski because the cooperation between the upper and lower reinforcements and the intermediate structure defines the mechanical behavior of the ski, and in particular the flexural behavior. Since skiing at a certain thickness, when describing the bending behavior of the ski, a neutral fiber can be defined.
  • the neutral fiber is the area of the ski when the ski flexes only works in flexion. All areas within or beyond the neutral fiber work in compression or traction.
  • said traction means are placed for a greater part of their length above said upper reinforcement.
  • the first anchor is fixed by fasteners to said structural assembly or by composite fabrics.
  • said distance D is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 7 mm.
  • said traction means comprise a metal blade or made of another material.
  • said blade is placed for a greater part of its length above said upper reinforcement.
  • said traction means comprise a traction member responsible for tensioning the traction means and thus generating the displacement of the second anchorage from the first position (track position) to the second position (off-track position).
  • Said pulling member is capable of producing a force greater than 70 daN, preferably greater than 100 daN.
  • said traction means comprise elastic means whose modulus of elasticity is high.
  • these elastic means comprise a spring
  • a spring whose stiffness constant is greater than 5000 Nm -1 , preferably greater than 10,000 Nm -1 , will be chosen.
  • said decoration and protection means comprise a window through which said blade can project.
  • a filling is placed between said decoration and protection means and said upper reinforcement, and a tunnel is formed in said filling so as to receive said blade.
  • the figure 1 represents a ski according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the ski 1 is equipped with a safety fastening device 2, which is placed in the central zone of the ski.
  • the ski comprises a structural assembly, gliding means and means of decoration and protection.
  • Said structural assembly constitutes the "motor" of the ski.
  • the structural assembly comprises at least one lower reinforcement, at least one upper reinforcement and an intermediate structure placed between said lower reinforcement and said upper reinforcement.
  • the cooperation between the upper and lower reinforcements and the intermediate structure constitutes a sandwich structure, which defines the mechanical behavior of the ski, and in particular the flexural behavior thereof.
  • the gliding means are constituted by a sole, made of a material that promotes sliding and a pair of side edges, which are mostly made of a metallic material.
  • the means of decoration and protection cover the entire upper part of the ski. They may or may not also intervene in the mechanical behavior of the ski.
  • the intermediate structure also called nucleus, can be realized in different ways. It can be formatted before putting in the mold, we speak then of ski pasted. But it can also be shaped during injection into the mold. This is called injected ski.
  • This intermediate structure has a significant thickness, of the order of cm. This thickness is not constant over the entire length of the ski. In general it reaches its maximum in the central area of the ski, in the area where are placed the safety bindings 2, and it is thinner at the ends of the ski, at the spatula 5 and at the heel 27.
  • the ski 1 When resting on a flat surface 28, the ski 1 is in contact with this surface 28 only in two areas: the PCS 3 spatula contact point and the PCT 4 heel contact point. Between the spatula contact point 3 and the heel contact point 4, the profile of the lower surface of the ski describes a concave curve, this is called the camber of the ski. Beyond the point of contact spatula 3 towards the front of the ski is the spatula survey 5. Beyond the heel contact point 4 and towards the rear of the ski is the heel 27. The heel can or not to be relieved.
  • a neutral fiber can be defined.
  • FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 show how the neutral fiber of the ski is defined. Each of these figures schematically show a portion of the ski 1 in different bending states.
  • the ski 1 undergoes flexural deformation. This is typically the case when the skier, using his weight and the muscular force of his legs exerts a strong pressure on the ski. In this case since the ski has a certain thickness the upper portion thereof will work in compression while the lower portion thereof will work in tension. The boundary between these two zones is an area that does not work in compression or traction. This zone is called the neutral fiber 15. The zone above the neutral fiber 15 is called the supra-fiber-neutral volume 16, whereas the zone below this neutral fiber 15 is called the infra-fiber-neutral volume. 17.
  • the elasticity of the overall structure will generate a deformation of the ski against flexion. This is what is represented at figure 4 .
  • the supra-fiber-neutral volume 16 works in tension while the infra-fiber-neutral volume 17 works in compression.
  • the ski according to the invention comprises traction means 6 which exert traction between a first anchor 13 and a second anchor 14.
  • the first anchor 13 is placed at the spatula 5 beyond the spatula contact point 3.
  • second anchor 14 is placed in turn below said contact point spatula 3.
  • the traction means 6 can be in "track position", this is the position shown in FIG. figure 1 and in an "off-track position".
  • “off-track position” the second anchor 14 is moved back by a distance D relative to the position that it occupies in "track position".
  • Said distance D is between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
  • the traction means 6 comprise a blade 24 which connects the first anchor 13 to the second anchor 14.
  • the recoil of the second anchor 14 has the effect of raising the spatula 5.
  • the traction means 6 are placed in the supra-fiber-neutral volume 16, that is to say above the neutral fiber 15.
  • the traction means are essentially integrated into the ski 1, that is to say placed under the means of decoration and protection 8.
  • FIGs 5 and 6 describe the front parts of the ski described in figure 1 respectively in “track position” and in “off-track position”. These two figures are partially cut perspective views.
  • the ski 1 comprises a structural assembly 7, gliding means 9 and means of decoration and protection 8.
  • gliding means 9 are the elements that ensure the ski-snow interface and that they are both elements promoting sliding; the sole 26, as well as important elements for driving the ski; the edges 25.
  • the structural assembly 7 guarantees the ski its mechanical characteristics, flexibility, elasticity, etc .
  • the structural assembly 7 comprises one or more lower reinforcements 10, one or more upper reinforcements 11 and an intermediate structure 12.
  • the structural assembly 7 is covered by the protective and decorative means 8. These means come into contact with the edges 25 and seal the assembly. In order to give a better attractiveness of the ski, these means are the support of the decoration of the ski. It should be noted that the protection and decoration means may also comprise side edges which bear on the edges and / or on the upper reinforcement (not shown).
  • the filling 19 may for example be made of polyurethane foam or any equivalent material. It can be made of the same material as the intermediate structure 12. The filling being placed above the upper reinforcement, it will have almost no effect on the mechanical characteristics of the ski, it is not part of the overall structure 7.
  • the filling is traversed in the longitudinal direction by a tunnel 29 in which the blade 24 passes traction means 6.
  • the blade 24 is made of a metal foil of a width for example between 5 and 25 mm for a thickness included between 0.4 and 1 mm. In the example described, the blade is 12.7 mm wide and 0.5 mm thick.
  • the blade 24 is likely to deform in bending in a direction perpendicular to its greater width but does not deform substantially when it is subjected to traction in the direction of its length.
  • the blade is not necessarily made by a metal click, other materials may also be suitable such as carbon.
  • the length of the blade 24 depends on the length of the ski on which the traction means 6 are located. In any case, the blade 24 extends from the first anchor 13, which is placed at the spatula 5 beyond the spatula contact point 3 (PCS), to the second anchor 14, which is located below this point (PCS). Preferably, the second anchor 14 is at the level of the safety fasteners on the central part of the ski 1.
  • the first anchor 13 fixedly secures the blade 24 to the ski, preferably to the structural assembly.
  • the first anchorage 13 is constituted by a screw assembly 22 / insert 23.
  • the threaded insert 23 is placed under the upper reinforcement 11. It comprises a plate, equipped with claws which penetrates the reinforcement 11, avoiding rotation of the insert 23. It also comprises a threaded barrel, which passes through the upper reinforcement 11, the blade 24, the filling 19 and possibly all or part of the protection and decoration means 8.
  • the figure 8 discloses an alternative embodiment of the first anchoring means 13.
  • the blade 24 comprises at its end a slot 30 through which passes a panel 31 of fiber fabrics of the same nature as the fabric used for the upper reinforcement 11.
  • the panel 31 as the upper reinforcement 11 is embedded in a resin matrix which after cross-linking solidifies the whole. The final anchoring of the blade on the upper reinforcement is then performed.
  • the blade 24 is not bonded either to the upper reinforcement 11 or the filling 19.
  • it may be provided to fill the walls of the tunnel 29 and the upper reinforcement 11 with a layer or a product which reduces the resistance to friction.
  • the figure 6 represents a view similar to the figure 5 when the ski according to the invention is in "off-piste position", whereas at the figure 5 this one was in "track position".
  • the amplitude of this accentuation can be evaluated by measuring the distance separating the ski sole from a horizontal surface on which it rests.
  • this distance is by definition zero when the ski is in "track position".
  • this same point 3 is moved upwards by a value of between 2 and 15 mm, in particular equal to 5 mm.
  • the recoil of the spatula contact point its amplitude can be evaluated by measuring the length L separating the spatula contact point 3 (when the ski is in the track position) from the remote point of contact 47.
  • the point of contact back 47 corresponds to the area of the sole of the front portion of the ski which is in contact with a flat surface on which the ski is placed when the latter is in "off-track position".
  • the length L is between 20 mm and 500 mm. Good results are obtained, that is to say a good behavior of the ski in "off-track position" when the length L is between 50 mm and 300 mm.
  • the figure 9 represents a view from above of the traction member 32 which exerts traction on the blade 24 of the traction means 6.
  • the traction member 32 is fixed on the ski in front of the safety fastener. It is constituted by a yoke 38 fixed by two screws on the ski. This screed is made by folding a metal sheet.
  • the yoke 38 comprises two axis supports projecting perpendicularly from the base thereof, which is pressed against the upper surface of the ski.
  • a lever 37 comprising two branches and a pallet is pivotally mounted on the yoke 38, each of the branches being pivotally mounted relative to one of the axis supports.
  • the two branches are connected to one another by means of the pallet which serves as means for gripping and actuating the traction member.
  • a tie 36 is placed between the two branches of the lever. It is connected by one of its ends to the lever 37 via a pivoting axis 41.
  • the tie rod 36 is connected by the other of its ends and to a loop 35.
  • the connection between the tie rod 36 and the Loop 35 is sliding and is via a plate 42, which is integral with the tie rod and which is slidable in the loop 35.
  • the sliding amplitude of the plate 42 is very small and is constrained by a spring 44 with high modulus of elasticity.
  • a light 33 formed in the protective and decorative means 8 allows the blade 24 to exit the tunnel 29 and have its end accessible.
  • a rack 34 is fixed on this end by means of a screw.
  • the rack 34 comprises at least one tooth, but may include 2, 3 or more.
  • the figure 10 shows a side view of the traction member before handling.
  • the rod 43 is placed in the hollow of one of the teeth of the rack 34.
  • the user exerts a pressure on the lever 37, which is converted into a traction force on the blade 24.
  • This traction force generates a displacement of the blade having a distance equal to D.
  • the toggle mechanism constituted by the non-alignment of the three axes: rod 43, clevis pin support 38 and pivoting shaft 41; the tensioning of the blade is maintained as long as the lever remains in the low position.
  • the low position of the lever 37 is the position which is represented at the figure 11 .
  • the lever allows a multiplication of the force that the user will have to put for the actuation of the traction means.
  • the force required to put the traction means in "off-track position" is between 70 daN and 160 daN.
  • the traction member comprises elastic means which work in the longitudinal direction of the ski and which have a strong modulus of elasticity.
  • These elastic means are, in the embodiment described, in the form of the spring 44.
  • the stiffness constant of the spring is greater than 5000 N / m, preferably greater than 10000 N / m.
  • the elastic means serve several functions. In particular, they absorb shock when the ski goes against the arrow. On the other hand, given the fact that the displacement of the second anchor point is relatively small, the slight laxity by the elastic means is necessary to properly operate the traction member.
  • the rack 34 has several teeth spaced apart from each other. It is possible to provide a tooth which is positioned in such a way that when the rod 43 is engaged therein, no tension is exerted on the blade 24. Thus, even when the traction means are in "track position", the lever 37 is also in a folded position against the upper surface of the ski 1.
  • the traction element represented in figures 9 , 10 and 11 is only one example of a traction member that can be used in the context of the invention.
  • a traction member must be able to be placed in two stable positions, a free position and a position in tension.
  • the free position corresponds to the "track position" of the traction means. In this position, the traction member does not exert any force on the blade 24.
  • the latter is then integrally attached to the structural assembly 7 of the ski 1 at the first anchor 13 but free to slide relative thereto at any other point of its length, and particularly at the second anchor 14.
  • the blade plays little or no role in the behavior of the ski, in its mechanical characteristics.
  • the traction means have an effect when the ski is working in counter-flexion, that is to say when the ends of the ski (spatula, heel) go down with respect to the central part. Indeed the blade then behaves like an additional reinforcement working in tension. This effort will be even more important in "off-track position” than in "track position”. Moreover, in the case where in "track position” is not locked in position the second anchor 14 and the blade 24, and that it retains the ability to slide, the effect of the traction means on the flexibility of ski are also insignificant in counter-flexion.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 represent a second embodiment of the invention. This embodiment differs from the first embodiment only in the presence of a flexible portion in the protection and decoration means. The description in detail of all the elements will not be repeated here because of the similarities that exist with the first embodiment.
  • the ski 1 comprises a structural assembly 7, gliding means 9 and protection and decoration means 8.
  • the traction means 6 are arranged between a first anchor 13, which is placed beyond the spatula contact point 3 ( PCS), and a second anchor 14 placed below this same point.
  • the traction means 6 are arranged in the neutral supra-fiber volume 16, that is to say above the neutral fiber 15.
  • the greater part of the length of the traction means 6, which is constituted by a blade 24, is located above the structural assembly 7 of the ski 1, in other words above the "motor" of the ski.
  • the protection and decoration means are pierced by a window 45.
  • the window 45 is placed in the most curved zone of the front part of the ski. This is the birth zone of the spatula.
  • the window has a length of between 10 and 30 cm for a width between the width of the blade 24 and the width of the ski 1.
  • the window 40 is covered by a screen 46 so as to guarantee sealing and to mask the blade.
  • the screen 41 is made of an extensible and elastic material.
  • the ski is represented in "track position".
  • the blade 24, which is not in tension, is in the tunnel 29.
  • the screen 46 is placed in continuity with the protection and decoration means 8.
  • the ski is represented in "off-piste position".
  • the blade 24 is put in traction by the traction member. Due to the presence of the window 45, the blade 24 leaves the contact of the structural assembly 7 in the area of the window 45. The blade 24 protrudes from the protection and decoration means through the window 45. remains under the screen 46, which stretches to accompany the movement.
  • the traction on the blade 24 is more effective for raising the spatula because the blade can, when it is under tension, be placed in a more direct profile between the first and the second anchorage.
  • the blade 24 is placed on the rope in the window 45.
  • the blade 24 is placed on the upper reinforcement over the entire length thereof.
  • Yet other embodiments of the invention pass the blade below the upper reinforcement over a small part of its length, it being understood that most of the length of the blade remains above the neutral fiber and preferably above the upper reinforcement.
  • Such embodiments allow to have non-linear deformation zones. In areas where the blade is above the reinforcement, the deformation of the ski, in off-track position, is important while in areas where the blade is below the reinforcement, the deformation is lower, or even imperceptible.
  • Another way allows us to have nonlinear deformations. This is to maintain the blade above the upper reinforcement over its entire length, and to place over, in some places, a punctual reinforcement.
  • the one or more point reinforcements may have a length of 2 cm and 20 cm.

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  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Graft Or Block Polymers (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Ski (1) umfassend eine strukturelle Anordnung (7), Gleitmittel (9) und Mittel zur Dekoration und zum Schutz (8), wobei die strukturelle Anordnung (7) zumindest eine untere Verstärkung (10) umfasst, zumindest eine obere Verstärkung (11) und eine trennende Struktur (12), die zwischen der oberen Verstärkung (11) und der unteren Verstärkung (10) angeordnet ist, wobei der Ski in der Längsrichtung ein gebogenes Profil aufweist, so dass, sobald die Gleitmittel (9) auf eine ebene Oberfläche aufgesetzt sind, der Ski auf einem spatelförmigen Kontaktpunkt (3) und einem Fersenkontaktpunkt (4) ruht, wobei der Ski weiterhin Traktionsmittel (6) umfasst, die eine Traktion ausüben zwischen einer ersten Verankerung (13), die sich jenseits des spatelförmigen Kontaktpunktes befindet, und einer zweiten Verankerung (14), die sich diesseits des spatelförmigen Kontaktpunkts befindet, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die Traktionsmittel (6) über den größten Teil ihrer Länge unterhalb der Mittel zur Dekoration und zum Schutz (8) befinden und dadurch, dass sich die Traktionsmittel 86) über einen größeren Teil ihrer Länge oberhalb der neutralen Faser (15) des Skis befinden.
  2. Ski nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traktionsmittel (6) weiterhin ein Traktionsorgan umfassen, welches es ermöglicht, die zweite Verankerung (14) in zumindest zwei Positionen zu setzen, die längsgerichtet durch einen Abstand D voneinander getrennt sind.
  3. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traktionsmittel (6) über einen größeren Teil ihrer Länge über der oberen Verstärkung (11) angeordnet sind.
  4. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand D zwischen 0,5 mm und 10 mm liegt, und vorzugsweise zwischen 1 mm und 7 mm.
  5. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traktionsmittel (6) eine Kufe (24) umfassen.
  6. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Mittel zur Dekoration und zum Schutz (8) ein Fenster (45) umfassen, durch welches die Kufe (24) hervorstehen kann.
  7. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Füllung (19) zwischen den Mitteln zur Dekoration und zum Schutz (8) und der oberen Verstärkung (11) angeordnet ist, und dadurch, dass ein Tunnel (29) in der Füllung (19) angeordnet ist, um die Kufe (24) aufzunehmen.
  8. Ski nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Traktionsmittel (6) elastische Mittel umfassen.
EP09000417A 2008-01-25 2009-01-14 Alpinski mit Einstellungselementen Active EP2082788B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0800401A FR2926735B1 (fr) 2008-01-25 2008-01-25 Ski alpin avec moyens de reglage

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2082788A1 EP2082788A1 (de) 2009-07-29
EP2082788B1 true EP2082788B1 (de) 2011-01-05

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US (1) US8172250B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2082788B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE494048T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602009000505D1 (de)
FR (1) FR2926735B1 (de)

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US8733769B1 (en) * 2012-09-14 2014-05-27 Donald B. Rogers Interchangeable costume kit for a skateboard
US9610492B1 (en) * 2015-05-06 2017-04-04 John Moran Adjustable camber snow-gliding board
US9950242B2 (en) 2015-06-19 2018-04-24 Anton F. Wilson Automatically adaptive ski
US10695652B1 (en) 2019-03-21 2020-06-30 G3 Genuine Guide Gear Inc. Magnetically attachable sliding apparatus and systems

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US20090189370A1 (en) 2009-07-30
US8172250B2 (en) 2012-05-08
FR2926735A1 (fr) 2009-07-31
FR2926735B1 (fr) 2010-03-26
ATE494048T1 (de) 2011-01-15
EP2082788A1 (de) 2009-07-29
DE602009000505D1 (de) 2011-02-17

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