EP1992751A1 - Baustrukturkörper, struktureinheit und verfahren für die einheit - Google Patents

Baustrukturkörper, struktureinheit und verfahren für die einheit Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1992751A1
EP1992751A1 EP06834230A EP06834230A EP1992751A1 EP 1992751 A1 EP1992751 A1 EP 1992751A1 EP 06834230 A EP06834230 A EP 06834230A EP 06834230 A EP06834230 A EP 06834230A EP 1992751 A1 EP1992751 A1 EP 1992751A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
unit
units
joint
structural units
disposed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP06834230A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1992751A4 (de
Inventor
Ichiro Takeshima
Tsutomu Kamoshita
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
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Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/JP2006/316868 external-priority patent/WO2008026239A1/ja
Application filed by Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd filed Critical Sekisui Chemical Co Ltd
Publication of EP1992751A1 publication Critical patent/EP1992751A1/de
Publication of EP1992751A4 publication Critical patent/EP1992751A4/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E04B1/22—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material with parts being prestressed
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/18—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons
    • E04B1/20—Structures comprising elongated load-supporting parts, e.g. columns, girders, skeletons the supporting parts consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stonelike material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/3235—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures having a grid frame
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/32—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures
    • E04B2001/327—Arched structures; Vaulted structures; Folded structures comprised of a number of panels or blocs connected together forming a self-supporting structure
    • E04B2001/3276—Panel connection details
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B2001/3583—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block using permanent tensioning means, e.g. cables or rods, to assemble or rigidify structures (not pre- or poststressing concrete), e.g. by tying them around the structure

Definitions

  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-328816 discloses a precast concrete member used in an architectural structure constructed by connecting triangular unit cells in a dome configuration, and a method of connecting the same.
  • the precast concrete member used in the construction of this structure includes a joint member having hexagonal shape in plan view that is located at the center and six column members that are connected to the six sides of the joint member.
  • Each column member has thicker portions at both ends thereof, so that a PC steel is inserted into the shoulder of the thicker portion of one column member to pass through the joint member to the shoulder of the thicker portion of an opposing column member, and is fastened with post tension applied thereto.
  • This is the method employed to connect the members in case the cell is constituted from an even number of column members that extend radially.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-328816 shows a method for joining three column members (an odd number) to the side faces of a substantially triangular joint member in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 .
  • the joint member has an anchor section formed therein and a PC steel that is embedded therein and protrudes at the distal end thereof from the joint member so as to be passed through the thicker portion of the column member and subjected to post tension for fastening.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2000-144909 discloses a trifurcated column used to form a structural column of an architectural structure or a bridge pier in a hexagonal structure.
  • the trifurcated column is constituted from a hexagonal strut disposed vertically and three beams that are connected to the strut at the bottom thereof and extend obliquely downward.
  • a structure having a configuration of hexagonal cell as shown in plan view of Fig. 4 of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2000-144909 is formed by connecting the top end of the hexagonal strut and the bottom ends of the three beams successively.
  • honeycomb structure constituted by connecting hexagonal cells as unit cells in a repetitive pattern has been known to be a rugged structure, and has been used in various sections of architectural structures and as building members (Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-328816 , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-4130 , Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 10-18431 , etc.).
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-83738 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 53-43217 are cited in an international search report of International Patent Application PCT/JP2006/316868 upon which the priority claim of this application is based.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-83738 discloses a structure formed by connecting a plurality of triangular panel units with each other in a plane via hinges provided at the apexes of the panel units in such a manner as the panels can swing, lifting or pressing down the assembly into a dome configuration, and fixing the panels.
  • a tube frame formed from hexagonal cells connected together in a honeycomb configuration if realized, is expected to be an extremely rugged structure. Construction of such a tube frame requires a method for forming a flat or curved surface erected by connecting hexagonal cells. Since the honeycomb structure is a collection of unit structures of essentially the same shape, it is more convenient in terms of the construction works to repeat the connection of structural units of the same shape, rather than connecting individual columns and beams. Accordingly, there are demands for structural units of a standardized shape that allow to efficiently construct a structure of honeycomb configuration.
  • the precast concrete member described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 9-328816 makes is possible to construct an architectural structure constituted from unit structures each having the shape of legs extending radially from the center.
  • the center at which all the legs join is where the stress is concentrated, and therefore it is not desirable in terms of structural stability to connect all the column members to one joint member at the center.
  • the trifurcated pillar of Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 2000-144909 is a unit structure where four legs extend from the center radially in the three dimensional space, and the hexagonal structure formed by connecting these members inevitably makes a three dimensional hexagonal structure. As a result, it is not possible to use this structure to form the flat or curved surface of a tube frame formed from hexagonal cells connected together in a honeycomb configuration.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-83738 describes a method of constructing a structure by connecting all panels in a plane in advance, deforming the assembly into a dome shape and fastening it, not a method of constructing the entire structure by successively connecting the individual panel units.
  • the structure described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 53-43217 is constructed by connecting panel units by means of tendons disposed in a vertical or horizontal direction, and has no relation to a honeycomb structure.
  • the structure described in Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-36435 is primarily intended to ensure the structural strength by forming a dome shape.
  • Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 61-83738 and Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication (Kokai) No. 53-43217 are not capable of providing a tube frame having a main frame of honeycomb configuration formed by connecting structural units together.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 1 is an architectural structure having a main frame formed by connecting a plurality of structural units, where a virtual honeycomb configuration that is erected vertically and expands in a plane is provided with one of the structural units (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) disposed at a position that includes an apex (h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6) of a hexagonal cell (H1, H2) that is the unit cell thereof in front view, means are provided for connecting two adjacent structural units by disposing joint surfaces, that are formed in part of the outer circumference of the two structural units, to oppose each other, while the surfaces (s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) that are joined cross one of the sides of the hexagonal cell, and an opening (W) surrounded by all structural units that are disposed on the hexagonal cell is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 2 has the constitution of the structural unit of claim 1 that is made of precast concrete, where the outer circumference thereof has a pair of panel surfaces consisting of a front surface and a back surface that oppose each other and a side face extending between edges of the pair of panel surfaces, and a plurality of the joint surfaces are provided as a part of the side faces.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 4 is characterized in that the hexagonal shape of the pair of panel surfaces of claim 3 is formed from a short side and a long side that are disposed alternately, and that a side face between the short sides is used as the joint surface.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 5 has the constitution of the structural unit of claim 2 that is made of precast concrete, where the panel surface has three legs that extend in three directions from the center in front view, and the side face located at the distal end of each of the three legs is used as the joint surface.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 6 is an architectural structure having a main frame formed by connecting a plurality of structural units, where a virtual honeycomb configuration that is erected vertically and expands in a plane is provided with one of the structural units (7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15) disposed at the position including two adjacent apexes of the hexagonal cell (H1, H2) that is the unit cell thereof, means are provided for connecting two adjacent structural units by disposing joint surfaces, that are formed in part of the outer circumference of the two adjacent structural units, to oppose each other, while the surfaces that are joined cross one of the sides of the hexagonal cell, and an opening (W) surrounded by all structural units that are disposed on the hexagonal cell is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 7 has the constitution of the structural unit of claim 6 that is made of precast concrete, where the outer circumference thereof has a pair of panel surfaces consisting of a front surface and a back surface that oppose each other and a side face extending between edges of the pair of panel surfaces, and a plurality of the joint surfaces are provided as a part of the side faces.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 8 has the constitution of the structural unit of claim 7 that is made of precast concrete, where each of the pair of panel surfaces has an octagonal shape in front view, and the side face between a side and one located next to the adjacent side of the octagonal cell is used as the joint surface.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 10 has the constitution of the structural unit of claim 7 that is made of precast concrete, where the panel surface has four legs that extend in four directions from the center thereof in front view, and the side face located at the distal end of each of the four legs is used as the joint surface.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 11 has the constitution of claim 2 or 7 wherein the means of connecting the two adjacent structural members made of precast concrete comprises a tendon that crosses the opposing joint surfaces and passes through both structural units, and an anchoring member that applies a post tension to the tendon and secures both ends thereof on the side face of each structural unit.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 12 has the constitution of claim 1 or 6 wherein the structural unit is made of steel, reinforced concrete, steel-encased reinforced concrete or wood.
  • An architectural structure according to claim 13 is an architectural structure having a main frame formed by connecting a plurality of structural units, where a virtual honeycomb configuration that is erected vertically and expands in a plane is provided with first structural units (1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6) each disposed at a position that includes an apex of the hexagonal cell (H1, H2) that is the unit cell thereof and second structural units (8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16) each disposed at a position that include two adjacent apexes of the hexagonal cell, means are provided for connecting two of the first and/or the second structural units that adjoin each other by disposing the joint surfaces, that are formed in part of the outer circumference of the two structural units, to oppose each other, while the joined surfaces cross one of the sides of the hexagonal cell, and an opening (W) surrounded by all of the first and/or second structural units that are disposed on the hexagonal cell is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell.
  • a structural unit according to claim 15 is used to construct the architectural structure of any one of claims 1 to 14.
  • a structural unit according to claim 21 has the constitution of the structural unit made of precast concrete of claim 20, wherein the panel surfaces have an octagonal shape in front view, and the side face between a side and one located next to the adjacent side of the octagonal cell is used as the joint surface.
  • a structural unit according to claim 23 has the constitution of the structural unit made of precast concrete of claim 20, wherein the panel surface has four legs that extend in four directions from the center thereof in front view, and the side face located at the distal end of each of the four legs is used as the joint surface.
  • a structural unit according to claim 28 has the constitution of claim 16 or 20 wherein it is disposed in a portion where the virtual honeycomb configuration has a curved surface, and has a bending portion.
  • a method of constructing the architectural structure according to claim 29 is a method of constructing the architectural structure having a main frame formed by connecting a plurality of the structural units according to claim 16 or 20, the method comprises disposing two adjacent structural units so that the respective joint surfaces oppose each other in such a configuration that the tendon insertion holes thereof communicate with each other; passing a tendon through the communicating tendon insertion holes; and applying a post tension to the tendon to fasten it thereby to joint the two adjacent structural units.
  • the surface whereon two structural units are joined crosses one of the sides of the hexagonal cell. That is, joining of two structural units is made on a side of the hexagonal cell where stress is at the lowest level, thus resulting in a favorable situation.
  • a frame of a large span can be constructed by using the main frame formed from the structural units of the present invention.
  • the structural unit of the present invention also allows a relatively high degree of freedom in designing the shape of a portion that is not restrained by the conditions of arrangement and connection described above.
  • the size of the opening formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell can be altered by changing the shape of the outer circumference other than the joint surface of the structural unit (namely a non-joint surface). It is also made possible to accommodate wide modifications of design.
  • the PC panels are manufactured at factories, and therefore can be easily subjected to quality control. As a result, it becomes easier to ensure reliability of safety of the structural units produced and the architectural structure built using the same, and it is also easy to keep record of the historical information of the structure.
  • the PC panel is highly rigid when the panel surface has a shape of a larger surface area (for example, hexagonal or octagonal).
  • a shape of a larger surface area leads to a greater quantity of concrete and larger weight.
  • a larger surface area has an adverse effect of decreasing the size of the opening that is formed by the structural units.
  • the PC panel has such a shape that has a smaller surface area, namely a shape similar to a linear member such as a trifurcated or X shape
  • the PC panel is less rigid and requires a smaller quantity of concrete resulting in lighter weight.
  • a smaller surface area has an adverse effect of increasing the size of the opening that is formed by the structural units.
  • An architectural structure with controlled rigidity can be constructed by combining two or more kinds of PC panels having different shapes (namely having different levels of rigidity).
  • the structural unit in case the structural unit is formed from a PC panel, the structural unit can be manufactured in a size that is convenient for the vehicle used to transport the structural units for improved efficiency of transportation.
  • Use of PC also enables it to put formworks into efficient use.
  • the means of joining two adjacent structural units comprises a tendon that crosses the opposing joint surfaces and passes through both structural units, and anchoring members that apply a post tension to the tendon and fasten both ends thereof on the side face of each structural unit. Connection with high strength can be achieved by fastening the tendon while applying post tension thereto.
  • a main frame of honeycomb configuration constructed by using the structural units comprising the pre-stressed PC panels according to the present invention is stronger than a frame of the conventional rigid frame structure made of pre-stressed concrete.
  • a 15-storied building of the conventional rigid frame structure is fairly pliant with a natural period of vibration of about 1.5 seconds, while a 15-storied building of the present invention is very stiff with a natural period of vibration of about 0.3 seconds.
  • the present invention is suitable for an upper skeleton of a vibration-isolated building, because a pliant upper skeleton of a vibration-isolated building may compromise the vibration isolating effect of the isolator.
  • the invention according to claim 26 has mainly the effects described below.
  • the structural unit is formed from a PC panel, it is preferable to provide a plurality of slab connecting holes that pass through the structural unit in a direction perpendicular to the pair of panel surfaces. Providing the slab connecting holes at proper positions where a slab can be connected makes it possible to insert the tendons through the concrete slab and secure it by applying a post tension. Thus strong connection with the slab can be achieved.
  • the construction method of the present invention is a dry method that eliminates the need of curing of concrete required in a wet process such as reinforced concrete structure with on-site concrete placement, thus resulting in a shorter period of construction work.
  • Figs. 1 to 6 illustrate examples where the structural units formed from the PC panels that are preferable for the present invention are used, the structural units of the present invention are not limited to PC panels.
  • the structural unit may be referred to simply as "unit”.
  • the "virtual honeycomb configuration" in the present invention is an imaginary entity having the honeycomb pattern consisting of hexagonal cell H1 (or hexagonal cell H2 of Fig. 2 ) disposed in two dimensional repetition without a gap.
  • the word "virtual” means that the virtual honeycomb configuration is not a member of physical existence.
  • virtual honeycomb configuration is an important concept for defining the positions where the structural units are to be disposed and the relative positions of the adjacent structural units. Accordingly, the present invention will be described in this specification on the assumption that the virtual honeycomb configuration exists in the physical space.
  • the virtual honeycomb configuration is basically erected vertically and expands in a plane. Designs where the virtual honeycomb configuration is erected at a predetermined angle from the vertical direction for an aesthetical reason are within the scope of the present invention.
  • plane in this specification includes flat plane and curved plane (the same applies to the description that follows).
  • the hexagonal cell H1 that is a unit cell may not necessarily be an equilateral hexagon, but is at least symmetrical with respect to its vertical centerline (the same applies to the hexagonal cell H2 of Fig. 2 ).
  • Each of the six sides of the unit cell is shared by adjoining two unit cells, and each of six apexes h1 to h6 is shared by three adjoining unit cells.
  • Fig. 1 (A1) six units 1 are disposed at positions that include the apexes h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and h6 of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • Two units disposed at adjacent apexes (for example, h1 and h2, or h2 and h3) are joined together with the joint surfaces provided in a part of the circumferences thereof opposing each other.
  • Each of six surfaces s1, s2, s3, s4, s5 and s6 that are joined crosses one of the sides of the hexagonal cell H1. For example, surface s1 crosses the side between the apexes h1 and h2.
  • connection of units is made on sides of the hexagonal cell H1, not on apexes.
  • all units disposed on the hexagonal cell H1 are connected with each other to form a ring, and an opening W surrounded by these units is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell H1. It may also be that the opening W is surrounded by non-joint surfaces of the units.
  • the plurality of structural units are disposed so as to occupy all apexes and sides of the plurality of hexagonal cells that constitute the honeycomb configuration, and adjoining structural units are connected together with the joint surfaces thereof opposing each other.
  • the connection may also be of an intermediate type between rigid connection and flexible connection, or even flexible connection. While a honeycomb structure has an effect of transforming a part of bending force into axial force and transmitting it, connecting the units by rigid joint is effective in absorbing a part of bending force that has not been transformed into axial force.
  • the unit 1 shown in Fig. 1 (A1) has such a constitution that has a trifurcated panel surface in front view where the side face located at the distal end of each of the three legs, that extend from the center in three directions, is used as the joint surface with the adjacent unit. Side faces in the valley between the joint surfaces is a non-joint surface.
  • Fig. 1 (A2) shows a modification.
  • Unit 2 is hexagonal in front view, constituted from short sides and long sides that are disposed alternately.
  • Side faces a, b and c that include short sides serve as the joint surfaces with the adjacent units, and side faces d, e and f that include long sides are non-joint surfaces.
  • Unit 3 has such a modified shape of unit 2 where the long side is changed to have a ridge at the center.
  • the shapes of units 1 to 3 are the same in the position and shape of the joint surfaces (position relative to the hexagonal cell and shape, the same applies to the description that follows), with only the non-joint surfaces being different in shape.
  • Units that have the same joint surfaces can be joined together even when their non-joint surfaces have different shapes (the same applies to examples of other units that follow).
  • the shape of the non-joint surface can vary continuously, for example, between the valley shape of unit 1 to the ridge shape of unit 3.
  • the shape of the non-joint surfaces may be a collection of a plurality of flat or curved surfaces, concave surfaces or convex surfaces. The shapes of several units will be described in detail in examples to be given later.
  • the opening W formed by unit 1 is the largest and the opening W formed by unit 3 is the smallest.
  • the larger the panel surface of the unit is, the smaller the opening W that is formed.
  • the shape of the non-joint surface is different, the shape of the opening W surrounded by the non-joint surfaces is also different.
  • Fig. 1 (B1) six units 4 are disposed at positions that include the apexes h1, h2, h3, h4, h5 and h6 of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • units 4 to 6 have the same position and shape of the joint surface, and are different only in the shape of the non-joint surface.
  • Units 4 to 6 are disposed on the hexagonal cell H1 that is the same as that of Fig. 1 (A1), but have joint surfaces of larger areas than those of units 1 to 3.
  • surfaces s1 to s6 where adjacent units are joined together have larger areas than those of Fig. 1 (A1), and the openings W formed thereby are smaller.
  • Unit 4 has concave non-joint surfaces.
  • Unit 5 has a panel surface of an equilateral hexagonal shape, a similar form to that of unit 2.
  • Unit 6 has convex non-joint surfaces.
  • the main frame constitutes a main portion of the skeleton, that plays a major role in the structural strength.
  • the members of the structural unit located on the sides of the hexagonal cell correspond to diagonal pillars or beams used as structural elements.
  • a tube frame formed from hexagonal cells H1 connected together in the honeycomb configuration shown in Fig. 1 is substantially constituted from pillars disposed continuously in a zigzag manner and beams consisting of horizontal beams and inclined beams disposed alternately.
  • the architectural structure of the present invention is essentially different from a tube frame of a conventional rigid frame structure formed from continuous horizontal beams and vertical columns.
  • Fig. 2 is a front view showing a partial constitution in another example of a main frame of an architectural structure constructed by using a plurality of structural units of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 (A) shows a part of the main frame that uses the unit 2 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Units 1 and 3 indicated by dashed lines are used in a similar manner.
  • Fig. 2 (B) shows a part of the main frame that uses unit 5 shown in Fig. 1 .
  • Units 4 and 6 indicated by dashed lines are used in a similar manner.
  • Fig. 3 is a front view partially showing the constitution in another example of a main frame of an architectural structure constructed by using a plurality of structural units of the present invention.
  • the portion depicted is, for example, a part of a tube frame that constitutes the exterior of the building.
  • Fig. 3 (A1) shows a part of the main frame that uses unit 7.
  • Fig. 3 (A2) shows unit 8 and unit 9 that are modifications of unit 7.
  • Fig. 3 (B1) shows a part of the main frame that uses unit 10.
  • Fig. 3 (B2) shows unit 11 and unit 12 that are modifications of unit 10.
  • Fig. 3 shows a part of a virtual honeycomb configuration that is erected vertically and expands in a plane by alternate dot and dash line.
  • a hexagonal cell H1 that is a unit cell thereof is disposed so that the top side (line between apex h1 and apex h2) and the bottom side (line between apex h4 and apex h5) lie in horizontal directions.
  • three units 7 are disposed at positions that include first pair of apexes h1 and h2, second pair of apexes h3 and h4 and third pair of apexes h5 and h6, each of which is a pair of adjacent apexes of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • Two units disposed at adjacent apexes (for example, the first pair of apexes h1 and h2 and the second pair of apexes h3 and h4) are joined together with the joint surfaces provided in a part of the circumferences thereof opposing each other.
  • Each of the three surfaces s2, s4 and s6 that are joined crosses one of the sides of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • surface s2 crosses the side between the apexes h2 and h3.
  • connection of units is made on sides of the hexagonal cell H1, not on apexes.
  • all units disposed on the hexagonal cell H1 are connected with each other to form a ring, and an opening W surrounded by these units is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell H1. It may also be that the opening W is surrounded by the non-joint surfaces of the units.
  • adjacent apexes refers to the apexes located at both ends of one side of the hexagonal cell that constitutes the honeycomb configuration.
  • Each of the plurality of units disposed in a ring on one hexagonal cell may not necessarily be disposed on two apexes within the hexagonal cell, but one apex of the hexagonal cell and one apex of an adjacent hexagonal cell may be treated as a pair (refer to Fig. 6 and Fig. 9 to be described later).
  • the unit 7 shown in Fig. 3 (A1) has four legs that branch off in two directions from both ends of one rod in front view, and the side face located at the distal end of each of the four legs that extend in four directions is used as the joint surface with adjoining units.
  • the concave side face interposed between two joint surfaces is a non-joint surface.
  • the unit 7 can have a shape formed by integrating the joint surfaces of one leg of each of two units 1 shown in Fig. 1 . In other words, disposing two units shown in Fig. 1 and disposing one unit shown in Fig. 3 can result in the same shape in some cases.
  • Fig. 3 (B1) three units 10 are disposed at positions that include first pair of apexes h1 and h2, second pair of apexes h3 and h4 and third pair of apexes h5 and h6, each of which is a pair of adjacent apexes of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • units 10 to 12 have the same position and shape of the joint surface, and are different only in the shape of the non-joint surface.
  • Units 10 to 12 are disposed on the hexagonal cell H1 that is the same as that of Fig. 3 (A1), but have joint surfaces of larger areas than those of units 7 to 9.
  • Units 4 to 6 shown in Fig. 1 and units 10 to 12 shown in Fig. 3 also have the same joint surfaces and can therefore be connected with each other in a mixed arrangement, although not shown in the figures.
  • the hexagonal cell H1 formed in an equilateral hexagonal shape is a mere example, and the shape may not necessarily be an equilateral hexagon as long as it is symmetrical with respect to its vertical centerline.
  • the beams do not continue in the horizontal direction and the pillars are diagonal pillars that are disposed continuously in a zigzag manner, a constitutional feature that makes the tube frame of the present invention essentially different from a tube frame of a conventional rigid structure.
  • the tube frame 100 of the example shown has a substantially rectangular cross section.
  • the surface of the hexagonal structure section formed at each of the four corners of the cross section is directed toward the apex of the rectangle, with the four corners of the rectangle being cut off.
  • the side face of tube frame 100 shown in Fig. 7 substantially consists of flat surface
  • the cross section may be a circle (the tube frame forms a curved surface) or any polygon, or may even include a concave portion.
  • the virtual honeycomb configuration includes a curved surface or bend, it may be formed by using a structural unit having a special configuration which will be described later.
  • the opening W surrounded by six units 1(1) to 1(6) that are disposed on the hexagonal cell H1 is formed in the mid portion of the hexagonal cell H1.
  • the opening W has a hexagonal shape disposed in the same orientation as the hexagonal cell H1.
  • the ridge of the joint surface of unit 1A and the valley of the joint surface of unit 1B have shapes that fit with each other. Accordingly, units 1A and 1B are disposed alternately and are joined together so that the joint surfaces fit with each other. Fastening of the units by applying post tension with the tendons is carried out similarly to the embodiment described previously. When the units are joined together by causing the joint surfaces to fit with each other, the leg can be reliably prevented from rotating, by the interlocking between the ridge and valley shapes, thus producing a stronger structure.
  • panel surface 1Ci1 of a leg that has a joint surface 1Ca at the distal end thereof in this example), that forms a beam
  • the unit 1C forms an angle ⁇ with a panel surface 1Ci2 of other two legs (that have joint surfaces 1Cb, 1Cc at the distal ends thereof in this example), that form diagonal pillars.
  • the former leg is bent at a bend portion 1Ck from the latter two legs.
  • a main frame having curved surface can be constructed by joining units 1C having such bend portion 1Ck.
  • the shapes and positions of joint surfaces 1Da, 1Db and 1Dc of the unit 1D are the same as those of the unit 1, and therefore the unit 1D can be joined with the unit 1 or the unit 1C.
  • the unit 1D is different from the unit 1 in the shape of the non-joint surface.
  • the unit 1D has a shape in which the valley of the non-joint surface is modified to decrease the depth.
  • the legs of the unit 1D do not have a constant width, and the width increases from the joint surfaces 1Da, 1Db and 1Dc toward the center.
  • the three tendon insertion holes appear to cross each other in front view, actually they are disposed at different positions within the thickness of the unit so as not to overlap each other as shown in Fig. 18(B) and Fig. 18(C) . It is preferable, however, that all tendon insertion holes are located as near the center within the thickness of the unit as possible, for the purpose of balancing.
  • each portion of the unit 2 are determined in accordance with the requirements and conditions of the architectural structure to be constructed, the conditions of transportation, etc.
  • a modification of the unit 2 having a hexagonal shape where two long sides among the three long sides of the panel surface are the same in length and the remaining one side has a different length may be used.
  • one short side face 2Ac forms a small angle ⁇ 1 from the direction C that is perpendicular to the panel surfaces 2Ai, 2Aj.
  • a honeycomb structure having a curved surface can be constructed by using such units 2A.
  • Fig. 20 (B) is a rear view (inside of the main frame) of a structure formed by connecting the unit 2A(1) shown in (A) and another structural panel unit 2A(2) of the same shape with the respective short side faces 2Ac(1) and 2Ac(2) disposed to oppose each other
  • Fig. 20 (C) is a top view thereof.
  • the two units 2A(1) and 2A(2) that are joined together and the respective panel surfaces 2Aj(2) and 2Aj(2) thereof form a bending portion with an angle of 180 -2 ⁇ 1 .
  • a curved surface can be formed by repeating such a joint.
  • the front panel surface of the unit 2B consists of two surfaces 2Bi1 and 2Bi2 that form an angle ⁇ 2 at a boundary thereof that is a bend 2Bk that runs along a straight line where the surfaces intersect to form the bend.
  • the unit 2B is bent along the bend 2Bk.
  • a main frame having a curved surface can be constructed by joining the units 2B that have such a bend 2Bk with each other. In case the main frame is parallel to the vertical direction also in the curved portion as in the cylindrical tube frame shown in Fig. 13(A) , the units 2B are disposed so that the bend 2Bk is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 22 is a front view showing a part of a main frame 103 of the architectural structure formed by using the structural units, for example, a part of a tube frame similar to that shown in Fig. 7(A) .
  • Fig. 23 is a partially enlarged perspective view of the main frame 103 shown in Fig. 22 .
  • six units 4 are disposed so as to include the positions of apexes h1 to h6 of the hexagonal cell H2, and two adjoining units are joined by disposing the joint surfaces thereof to oppose each other at the mid point of each side.
  • the joint surfaces s1 to s6 cross the respective sides perpendicularly.
  • six units 4 are connected together in a ring shape.
  • six units 5 are disposed on the hexagonal cell H2 and are similarly connected with each other.
  • the units 4 and the units 5 are different in the shape of the non-joint surface, but are the same in the position and shape of the joint surface, and therefore can be joined with each other.
  • every tendon insertion hole passes through the center of the unit, forming an angle ⁇ of 60 degrees between the tendon insertion holes.
  • the tendon insertion holes are disposed at different positions within the thickness of the unit so as not to overlap each other as shown in Fig. 24(B) and Fig. 24(C) . It is preferable, however, that all tendon insertion holes are located as near the center within the thickness of the unit as possible, for the purpose of balancing.
  • the front panel surface of the unit 4A consists of two surfaces 4Ai1 and 4Ai2 that form an angle ⁇ at a boundary thereof that is a bend 4Ak that runs along a straight line at which the surfaces intersect to form the bend.
  • the unit 4A is bent along the bend 4Ak.
  • a main frame having a curved surface can be constructed by joining the units 4A that have such a bend 4Ak and the unit 4 described previously. The degree of bending increases as more units 4A are added and connected. In case the main frame is parallel to the vertical direction also in the curved portion as in the cylindrical tube frame shown in Fig.
  • the units 4A are disposed so that the bend 4Ak is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • the bend 4Ak is directed in accordance with the direction in which the surface of the main frame bends. While the bend 4Ak is located at the center in the example shown, it may also be located to the left or to the right of the center.
  • the bent unit 4A may also be used in a bending portion where two flat surfaces of the main frame intersect (for example, the corner of the tube frame shown in Fig. 7 ).
  • the angle ⁇ is set to such an extent that would not have adverse influence on joining of two units 4A by means of tendon subjected to post tension or on joining of the unit 4A with other units that can be joined.
  • bent unit 4A makes it possible to continuously form not only a curved surface that bends in one direction but also a curved surface that bends in the opposite direction. For example, a curved surface that undulates when viewed from above.
  • FIG. 26 is a front view showing a part of a main frame 104 of the architectural structure formed by using the structural units, for example, a part of a tube frame similar to that shown in Fig. 7(A) .
  • Fig. 27 is a partial perspective view of the main frame constituted from the same units as those of the main frame 104 shown in Fig. 26 .
  • the units 8, 13, 14 and 15 are each disposed at a position that includes a pair of adjoining apexes of the hexagonal cell H2.
  • unit 8(1) occupies the apex h1 and one apex of the adjacent hexagonal cell
  • unit 8(2) occupies the apexes h2 and h3
  • unit 8(3) occupies the apex h4 and one apex of the next hexagonal cell
  • unit 8(4) occupies the apexes h5 and h6.
  • side faces located at the top right, top left, bottom right and bottom left are used as joint surfaces.
  • Two units that adjoin each other are joined together with the corresponding joint surfaces disposed to oppose each other, and four units 8 are connected together in a ring configuration. These connections are rigid joints.
  • Each of the four surfaces s1, s3, s4 and s6 that are joined crosses one of the sides of the hexagonal cell H2.
  • the unit 14 in the third portion K3 and the unit 15 in the top portion K4 the units are disposed and joined similarly, although lengths of the sides of the hexagonal cell H2 are different.
  • the units 8, 13, 14 and 15 are the same in the position and shape of the joint surface although the shape of the non-joint surface of the panel surface is different, and therefore can be joined with each other.
  • each hexagonal cell is symmetrical with respect to the vertical centerline, although the shape is different. In a portion where units of different shapes adjoin each other, there is a hexagonal cell that is not symmetrical with respect to the horizontal centerline.
  • tendon insertion holes are provided at the positions in each unit indicated by dashed line to penetrate therethrough in advance.
  • the tendon insertion holes have a sheath (not shown) embedded therein.
  • One tendon insertion hole opens at one end thereof in one of the joint surfaces, and opens at another end in one of the non-joint surfaces.
  • one unit has four tendon insertion holes that extend in four different directions.
  • the fourth tendon 21d is inserted through the tendon insertion holes of the unit 8 and the unit 13 located at the top right and one end thereof is fastened on the lower side face of the unit 8 by means of the anchoring member 22d and the other end thereof is fastened on the upper side face of the unit 13 located at the top right by means of the anchoring member 22d.
  • Fig.28 is a perspective overview of the units shown in Fig. 26 and Fig. 27 , (A) showing the unit 8, (B) showing the unit 13, (C) showing the unit 14 and (D) showing the unit 15.
  • the unit 8 has an octagonal panel surface 8i on the front (the same for the rear surface).
  • the octagon has a shape produced by cutting off the four corners of a rectangle, and the periphery of the panel surface is constituted from short sides and long sides that are disposed alternately.
  • Four small side faces 8a, 8b, 8c, 8d interposed between the short sides serve as the joint surfaces.
  • the remaining four large side faces 8e, 8f, 8g, 8h are non-joint surfaces.
  • the tendon insertion hole 8a3 is provided between the joint surface 8a and the non-joint surface 8g
  • the tendon insertion hole 8b3 is provided between the joint surface 8b and the non-joint surface 8g
  • tendon insertion hole 8c3 is provided between the joint surface 8c and the non-joint surface 8e
  • tendon insertion hole 8d3 is provided between the joint surface 8d and the non-joint surface 8e.
  • the tendon insertion holes 8a3 and 8b3 preferably open substantially at the center of the non-joint surface 8g.
  • the tendon insertion holes 8c3 and 8d3 preferably open substantially at the center of the non-joint surface 8e.
  • the tendon insertion holes 8a3 and 8d3 appear to cross each other, while the tendon insertion holes 8b3 and 8c3 appear to cross each other.
  • the tendon insertion holes are disposed at positions within the thickness of the unit 8 where they do not overlap each other. It is preferable, however, that all tendon insertion holes are located as near the center within the thickness of the unit as possible, for the purpose of balancing.
  • the unit 13 has joint surfaces 13a to 13d and non-joint surfaces 13e to 13h, while the joint surfaces are the same as those of the unit 8 of (A) and the non-joint surfaces are the non-joint surfaces of the unit 8 modified into concave surfaces.
  • Four tendon insertion holes 13a3, 13b3, 13c3, 13d3 are provided similarly to the case of the unit 8, while one end of each tendon insertion hole opens in each joint surface and the other end thereof opens in the bottom of the recess of the non-joint surface 13e or 13g.
  • the unit 14 has joint surfaces 14a to 14d and non-joint surfaces 14e to 14h. While the joint surfaces are the same as those of the unit 8 of (A), the non-joint surfaces are the non-joint surfaces of the unit 8 modified into concave surfaces, which are deeper than those of the unit 13.
  • Four tendon insertion holes 14a3, 14b3, 14c3, 14d3 are provided similarly to the case of the unit 8. While one end of each tendon insertion hole opens in each joint surface and the other end thereof opens in the bottom of the recess of the non-joint surface 14e or 14g.
  • the unit 15 has joint surfaces 15a to 15d and non-joint surfaces 15e to 15h. While the joint surfaces are the same as those of the unit 8 of (A), the non-joint surfaces are the non-joint surfaces of the unit 8 modified into concave surfaces, which are V-shaped and are deeper than that of the unit 14. In other words, the unit has four legs that extend from the center in four directions with side faces located at the distal ends of the four legs serving as the joint surfaces.
  • Four tendon insertion holes 15a3, 15b3, 15c3, 15d3 are provided similarly to the case of the unit 8. While one end of each tendon insertion hole opens in each joint surface and the other end thereof opens in the bottom of the V-shaped recess of the non-joint surface 15e or 15g.
  • Fig. 29 is a perspective overview of a main frame 105 that is another example although having the same shape as that of the main frame shown in Fig. 27 .
  • the main frame 105 shown in Fig. 29 is constituted from units that are a little different from the unit shown in Fig. 27 .
  • a panel made by integrating half-units 8m and 8n corresponds to the unit 8 shown in Fig. 27
  • a panel made by integrating half-units 13m and 13n corresponds to the unit 13 shown in Fig. 27
  • a panel made by integrating half-units 14m and 14n corresponds to the unit 14 shown in Fig. 27
  • a panel made by integrating half-units 15m and 15n corresponds to the unit 15 shown in Fig. 27
  • As a panel formed by joining half-units is joined by means of four tendons 21a to 21d similarly to the units 8, 13, 14 and 15 shown in Fig. 27 , the half-units are joined together at the same time.
  • Fig. 30 is an perspective overview of the unit 8 shown in Fig. 29 , (A) showing half-units of the unit 8, (B) showing half-units of the unit 13, (C) showing half-units of the unit 14 and (D) showing half-units of the unit 15.
  • the half-units 8m and 8n of the unit 8 are the products of equally dividing the unit 8 along dividing surfaces 8t, 8u that cross a pair of non-joint surfaces that oppose each other.
  • the dividing surface 8t is where tendon insertion holes 8ma3, 8mb3, 8mc3 and 8md3 open
  • the dividing surface 8u is where tendon insertion holes 8na3, 8nb3, 8nc3 and 8nd3 open.
  • a PC panel having the same shape as the unit 8 is formed by bringing the dividing surface 8t of the half unit 8m and the dividing surface 8u of the half unit 8n into contact with each other, with the tendon insertion holes communicating with each other in the same arrangement of the tendon insertion holes as in the unit 8.
  • the half-units 8m and 8n are rigidly joined with each other by passing tendons through the tendon insertion holes that communicate with each other and fastening the tendons with post tension applied thereto.
  • Fig. 31 and Fig. 32 show units 8A, 13A, 14A and 15A in one example of the structural units used in a case where the virtual honeycomb configuration has a curved surface or a bending portion.
  • Fig. 31(A1) and (A2) are front and top views, respectively, of the unit 8A joined with the unit 8
  • (B1) and (B2) are front and top views, respectively, of the unit 13A joined with the unit 13.
  • Fig. 32(A1) and (A2) are front and top views, respectively, of the unit 14A joined with the unit 14
  • (B1) and (B2) are front and top views, respectively, of the unit 15A joined with the unit 15.
  • the front panel surface of the unit 8A consists of two surfaces 8Ai1 and 8Ai2 that form an angle ⁇ at a boundary thereof that is a bend 8Ak that runs along a straight line where the surfaces intersect to form the bend.
  • the unit 8A is bent along the bend 8Ak.
  • a main frame having a curved surface can be constructed by joining the units 8A that have such a bend 8Ak and the unit 8 described previously. The degree of bending increases as more units 4A are added and connected to the unit 8A. In case the main frame is parallel to the vertical direction also in the curved portion as in the cylindrical tube frame shown in Fig.
  • the units 8A are disposed so that the bend 8Ak is parallel to the vertical direction.
  • the bend 8Ak is directed in accordance with the direction in which the surface of the main frame bends. While the bend 8Ak is located at the center in the example shown, it may be located to the left or to the right.
  • the bent unit 8A may also be used in a bending portion where two flat surfaces of the main frame intersect (for example, the corner of the tube frame shown in Fig. 7 ).
  • the angle ⁇ is set to such an extent that would not have adverse influence on joining of two units 8A by means of tendon subjected to post tension or on joining of the unit 8A with other units that can be joined.
  • bent unit 8A makes it possible to continuously form not only a curved surface that bends in one direction but also a curved surface that bends in the opposite direction. For example, a curved surface that undulates when viewed from above. The same applies also to units 13A, 14A and 15A.
  • Fig. 33 is a partial perspective view of a main frame of an architectural structure, that is one example of the present invention using members other than PC panels.
  • the main frame shown in Fig. 33 has the same shape as that of the main frame shown in Fig. 9 , although each unit is made of steel.
  • Unit 16 has a profile substantially similar to the periphery of the unit 1, and has three legs that extend in three directions made of steel.
  • the unit 16 is preferably manufactured in a factory similarly to the PC panel in advance.
  • the unit 16 is made of an H beam, although the unit 16 may have any cross sectional shape.
  • the unit 16 has flange-like joint surfaces 16a, 16b, 16c joined by welding or the like at the distal ends of the three legs, that enable it to connect to adjacent units 16 by joining the corresponding joint surfaces together by means of bolts.
  • the joint may also be made by welding, but use of bolts is more efficient.
  • a similar main frame can be constructed with members other than PC panels, although not shown in the drawing.
  • an architectural structure having a main frame of honeycomb structure can be constructed from steel, reinforced concrete, steel-encased reinforced concrete or wood.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
EP06834230A 2006-03-06 2006-12-07 Baustrukturkörper, struktureinheit und verfahren für die einheit Withdrawn EP1992751A4 (de)

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JP2006059409 2006-03-06
PCT/JP2006/316868 WO2008026239A1 (fr) 2006-08-28 2006-08-28 Unité de panneau structurelle, procédé de construction et structure de bâtiment utilisant ladite unité
PCT/JP2006/324475 WO2007102264A1 (ja) 2006-03-06 2006-12-07 建築構造体、構造ユニット及びその工法

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US10392800B1 (en) 2015-10-21 2019-08-27 Shin Civil Engineering Consultants Inc. System and method for building structures using multilayered panel frames

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CN103982005A (zh) * 2014-04-15 2014-08-13 安徽富煌钢构股份有限公司 一种蜂窝形钢框架柱
KR101725781B1 (ko) * 2015-10-12 2017-04-11 한태원 시공이 용이한 조립식 돔 하우스
KR102242492B1 (ko) * 2019-12-03 2021-04-20 한양소재 주식회사 적층식 가변 통공 벌집체, 그를 내장한 복합성형체 및 그 제조방법
GB2602503A (en) * 2021-01-05 2022-07-06 Donal Paul Oflynn A precast concrete structure and method of forming a precast concrete structure

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WO2007102264A1 (ja) 2007-09-13
JPWO2007102264A1 (ja) 2009-07-23
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JP4192207B2 (ja) 2008-12-10
TW200734515A (en) 2007-09-16
KR20080099848A (ko) 2008-11-13

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