Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/02—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts
  • B23K9/028—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams
  • B23K9/0282—Seam welding; Backing means; Inserts for curved planar seams for welding tube sections
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K37/003—Cooling means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K37/02—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element
  • B23K37/0276—Carriages for supporting the welding or cutting element for working on or in tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
  • B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
  • B23K37/0531—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor internal pipe alignment clamps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
  • B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
  • B23K37/053—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor
  • B23K37/0538—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work aligning cylindrical work; Clamping devices therefor for rotating tubes, e.g. rollers
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
  • B23K9/32—Accessories
  • B23K9/325—Devices for supplying or evacuating shielding gas
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
  • B23K2101/04—Tubular or hollow articles
  • B23K2101/06—Tubes
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
  • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
  • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
  • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
  • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
  • B23K2103/18—Dissimilar materials
  • B23K2103/26—Alloys of Nickel and Cobalt and Chromium

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method of welding and more particularly to the use of a welding method for welding stainless steel tubes, nickel-based tubes, especially nickel-based tubes with high carbon content and centrifugally cast tubes.
• EP 0 884 126 B1 describes a possible procedure for producing the weld seam by means of a pivoting welding torch.
• one or more of the nachfofgenden goals is verfofgt: Through welding of the root, low number of Gresch dosch doweld, good connection of a first weld to the second weld and the least possible structural change of the pipe material in adjacent to the weld area.
• the object of the invention is to propose a welding method which enables economical and, in particular, device-less welding and in particular enables good welding of stainless steel tubes, nickel-based tubes, nickel-based tubes with high carbon contents and centrifugally cast tubes.
• the object is achieved by a welding method according to the independent claims 1 and 6.
• Advantageous embodiments are specified in the subclaims.
• the invention is based inter alia on the fact that, in particular during welding, a coolant is to be applied, which can cool at least one of the tubes in the region of the end to be welded and that this coolant should not be applied continuously during the welding process but only at certain intervals.
• a coolant for example, as part of a welding program, it may be provided to first weld a root pass without cooling by dispensing coolant.
• This has the advantage that the discharged inside the pipe / tubes coolant does not push the resulting root layer from the inside out and thus creates an unwanted seam shape.
• a cooling of the tube / tubes by applying coolant can then take place, for example, for the welding of the applied to the root pass filling or cover layer, a cooling of the tube / tubes by applying coolant.
• the discharge of the coolant would therefore be limited, for example, to the specific time interval of welding the cover layer.
• the idea according to the invention of not applying the coolant permanently, but only at quite specific intervals, can also be applied to other intervals.
• the interval does not have to be defined in terms of time, but can be determined as a function of the burner tip position or the burner tip position.
• it may be defined in a controller that whenever the torch tip is in a particular position and / or position, coolant is dispensed.
• the invention is thus based on the basic knowledge that the discharge of the coolant can be used specifically from influencing factor for the shape of the weld, so for example, can be used for certain shape of the root pass (you want to push them outward) or at certain positions of the welding torch, For example, arranged at the side of the tubes burner tip, can ensure that even in this welding position a desired seam shape is achieved.
• the coolant can be used as a targeted design element of the seam shape
• the inventive limitation of the coolant output to certain time intervals offers the advantage of lower coolant consumption.
• the coolant is therefore not constantly applied during welding, but only at certain intervals. The intervals can always be the same length.
• the length of the time interval is varied by a controller, for example as a function of a selected welding program. This allows for different sections the welding process to provide a different cooling of the pipe ends and thereby offers the advantage of further optimization of the coolant consumption.
• the discharge of the refrigerant at certain intervals may be controlled by the operator himself, for example by opening and closing a supply valve. Particularly preferably, the control, or even the regulation of the discharge of the coolant via a controller, or via a control.
• Various welding programs can be stored in this control or regulation, with each program being assigned a specific sequence of specific intervals. Depending on the type of pipes to be welded, the operator can then select the best welding program for this purpose, depending on the pipe materials, the pipe dimensions, the weld seam preparation or the like.
• the welding process used is particularly preferably the tungsten inert gas welding process (TIG welding process), which is well known as such. It has been shown that the advantages of the invention can be implemented particularly well in this method.
• the welding torch preferably has an inert gas supply, which can be made movable with the burner as well as stationary. Furthermore, a wire feed can be provided for the welding material. Welding material may optionally be supplied when welding individual layers or, for example, a complete layer may be welded without supplying welding material.
• tube is understood to mean both the long body of the actual word "pipe” and a pipe bend, the tubular shoulder of a T-piece or any other body which has a substantially annular, in particular annular, end face in cross-section.
• the end-side end surfaces of the tubes can be untreated or subjected to a weld preparation.
• the end surfaces can be beveled to produce a V-seam or other seaming.
• the end face is partly perpendicular to the tube axis formed obliquely to the tube axis, so that, for example, the root layer as I-seam and the top layer or filling layer are welded as a V-seam.
• the tubes are arranged in particular so that as possible no transitions occur at the outer peripheries.
• the tubes to be welded often do not have an exact circular cross-section, for example, have slightly varying Wall thicknesses and / or, for example, an outer peripheral shape different from the inner peripheral shape, for example an elliptical outer peripheral shape.
• Advantages are now achieved when the tubes are aligned with each other so that the two outer circumferences are aligned as possible.
• the tubes could be coaxially aligned, it is preferred that the outer circumference be used as a measure of the orientation of the tubes relative to each other.
• the tubes are mediated to each other so that there is a minimum offset both on the inside and on the outside.
• the mutually aligned tubes can be non-rotatably connected to each other by selective welding ("stapling"). As a result, the other tube is rotated during rotation of a tube.
• welding selective welding
• the other tube is rotated during rotation of a tube.
• Under circumferential joint is also the immediate, for example, jerky Anaptetzen understood to connect the pipe cross-sections, even if there is no or only a minimal gap between the pipe ends.
• the tube can hold the tube in a rotationally fixed manner to the holder, for example in the receptacle of a rotary drive.
• the holder is designed as a pure support for the tube.
• the support may be circular arc-shaped in cross-section and have rollers in this cross-section, on which the inserted into the support tube can roll when it is rotated about its tube axis.
• the holding a pipe holder is preferably formed so that it holds the tube in a raised, horizontal position.
• the bracket engages the outside of the pipe.
• a holder for a pipe but also any other requirement for a pipe or roller supports for pipes (linets) or even a laying on the floor.
• the tubes are welded to the multi-layered weld by the welding torch, the torch being held in a first welding position to produce a first layer and a second position in a second welding position to produce a second layer.
• the first welding position differs from the second welding position with respect to the position of the burner tip with respect to a zero position in which the burner tip is arranged vertically above the upper vertex (dead center) of the tubes, and / or with respect to the position of the longitudinal axis of the welding torch in Relation to the horizontal.
• first position not only the root position is to be understood as "first position" since the knowledge according to the invention can also be applied to the sequence of other layers, for example a first filling layer and a second filling layer or a filling layer and a cover layer.
• a root pass can be produced particularly favorably with a torch tip which is in a first welding position with a first position and with a first orientation of the longitudinal axis, while, for example, a covering position or a filling position preferably with a different welding position is produced.
• the burner tip is preferably held stationary in the one welding position for producing a complete position, wherein a "complete layer" can also be understood as meaning a slight over-welding.
• the welding process can be interrupted and the welding torch are brought into a second welding position.
• the tubes and the welding torch are moved relative to each other in a first direction to produce the first layer of the weld and moved in the first opposite direction to produce the second layer of the weld.
• this welding method allows setting of different relative velocities between the tube and the burner.
• the burner can be moved in one direction within its arcuate segment and the tubes in the other direction by means of its (then driven) brackets, if that is advantageous for a particular circular arc segment, while in other circular arc segments the tubes are stationary to hold and only to move the burner in its circular arc segment.
• the pivoting device for the burner preferably has a holder in which the welding torch is held with its possibly provided additional elements.
• This holder is preferably directly or by the interposition of a holding arm along a backdrop, such as a circular arc-shaped rail, movable and held to it.
• a rail is understood as meaning both a body that has been shaped to a conventional rail body and any other body along the surface of which the holder is directly or indirectly supported a pivotal movement of the burner along the inventively limited circular arc segment can complete.
• the longitudinal axis of the burner is tilted by a tilting device about a tipping point from a first to a second position.
• the burner can be moved in this tilted position to form the weld along the peripheral joint.
• the longitudinal axis of the burner is preferably tilted within the plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the tube from the usual radially aligned to the tubes layer in an angle to the radial direction of the tubes at an angle. It has been found that the weld can be better produced with a tilted burner. This is especially true when the longitudinal axis of the burner for generating the weld is tilted away from top dead center.
• a weld may be produced in the inventive welding process in which the torch is radially aligned with the tube at top dead center and then moved down a circular arc segment, during which downward movement the degree of tilt of the longitudinal axis may be changed from the radial orientation.
• the tilting point is provided in the region of the burner tip. It has been found that the control of the welding method according to the invention can be programmed more easily if the burner tip is defined as a fixed point. For the control, it is advantageous if the movement of the burner tip along the selected arc segment is determined and the tilting of the burner is added as an additional effect, but does not change the position of the burner tip on the circular arc segment.
• a rotary drive rotates one of the tubes held in one of the holders in a clockwise and counterclockwise direction about its longitudinal axis.
• This reversal of the direction of rotation makes it possible to increase the relative movements between the burner tip and the two welding pipes. Also, this reversal of direction makes it possible to quickly reach the start point of the next weld when juxtaposing individual welds, because reversing the direction allows the shortest path from the end point of the just ended weld to the starting point of the next starting weld to be selected.
• a heat sink which can cool the tube from the inside, at least inserted into a tube.
• a heat sink makes it possible to introduce cooling gas from the inside to the tube ends and thus to achieve interpass temperatures which cause only a small shrinkage in the weld region, or to prevent or at least reduce, for example, structural changes in the material of the tube in the region of the weld.
• the heat sink preferably has an outlet section with at least one outlet for a coolant and sealing lips projecting from the heat sink and delimiting the outlet section.
• the heat sink is of cylindrical construction and has two annular disks as sealing lips, which delimit the outlet section provided on the mantle surface of the cylindrical heat sink in each case at the end.
• the sealing lips are made at least in their outer edge portions of elastic material.
• the elastic formation of the sealing lip now makes it possible to pull the heat sink out of the tubes even when the root of the weld projects into the interior of the connected tubes. If the sealing lip were not elastic in this area, it could not be moved over the bead of the weld root.
• the sealing lips may preferably be designed to be interchangeable in order to allow easy adaptation to different inner cross sections of the pipes to be welded.
• the above-described welding methods are used to weld stainless steel tubes, nickel-based tubes, high carbon nickel-based tubes, and / or centrifugally cast tubes.
• Fig. 1 is a schematic side view of an apparatus on which the welding method according to the invention can be carried out;
• Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of the device according to FIGS. 1 and
• Fig. 3 is a sectional side view of an inserted into two tubes to be connected heat sink.
• Fig. 1 shows a first tube 1 and a second tube 2, which are to be connected along a peripheral joint 3 by means of a weld.
• a welding torch 4 is provided.
• the tubes 1, 2 are located on linets 5, 6.
• a drive device 7 is provided to drive the tube 1 in rotation.
• the drive device 7 is designed such that it can rotate the tube 1 both clockwise and counterclockwise, as shown by the double arrow A in FIG.
• Fig. 2 shows details of the welding torch apparatus.
• the welding torch 4 can be tilted about a tilting point 8 in both directions of the double arrow B by means of a tilting device, not shown. Kippositionen of the welding torch 4 are indicated in Fig. 2 with lighter line width.
• the welding torch device has a pivoting device, not shown, by means of which the welding torch 4 can be moved along a circular arc segment 9.
• the circular arc segment is ⁇ 180 °.
• Fig. 3 shows a heat sink 10 which is inserted into the tube 2 and the tube 1, that it is arranged symmetrically to the circumferential joint 3.
• the heat sink 10 has flexible sealing disks 11, 12.
• a cylindrically shaped main body 13 has outlets 14 for a coolant, which are supplied to the main body 13 via a feed line 15.
• the first and the second tube 1, 2 are arranged in the position necessary for the formation of the peripheral joint 3 to each other, in which they are placed on the linets 5, 6. Furthermore, the pipes are arranged such that a good compromise between an offset on the outside and an offset on the inside is achieved. An attempt is made to minimize the offset on both sides. Subsequently, the tube 2 is selectively connected to the tube 1 by means of stitching, so that a rotational movement then generated by the drive device 7 is transmitted from the tube 1 to the tube 2. Further, the heat sink 10 is inserted into the tubes 1, 2 in such a way that it is arranged symmetrically under the peripheral joint 3.
• the tube assembly of tube 1 and tube 2 is rotated by means of the drive device 7.
• the root position of the weld to be produced is generated during the rotation.
• the welding torch 4 by means of the tilting device and the Pivoting device transferred to another position.
• the rotation of the tube assembly is reversed and welded with these settings, the filling.
• the coolant is limited to the interval of a rotation of the tube by 90 °.
• the coolant supply is interrupted for the further 90 ° rotation angle of the tube and then switched on again for 90 °.
• the top layer is welded.
• the welding torch 4 can again be brought into a new tilt position and a new pivot position. After completion of the welding process, the heat sink is pulled out of the pipe assembly.
• the elastic design of the sealing lip also allows the heat sink to be pulled out of the tubes, the root of the weld protruding into the interior of the connected tubes.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Optics & Photonics (AREA)
• Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
• Butt Welding And Welding Of Specific Article (AREA)
• Arc Welding In General (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=38268315

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (8)

Families Citing this family (34)

Citations (2)

Family Cites Families (19)

• 2006
  • 2006-07-22 DE DE102006033992A patent/DE102006033992A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2007
  • 2007-01-23 CA CA002639918A patent/CA2639918A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-01-23 EP EP07722762A patent/EP1976657A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2007-01-23 CN CN2007800029525A patent/CN101415515B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2007-01-23 WO PCT/EP2007/000539 patent/WO2007098827A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2007-01-23 JP JP2008550700A patent/JP2009523615A/ja active Pending
  • 2007-01-23 US US12/161,880 patent/US20090212024A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2007-01-23 BR BRPI0706665-1A patent/BRPI0706665A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation

Patent Citations (2)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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