EP1950375A2 - Soutenement dans les superstructures at des infrastructures - Google Patents

Soutenement dans les superstructures at des infrastructures Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1950375A2
EP1950375A2 EP08002696A EP08002696A EP1950375A2 EP 1950375 A2 EP1950375 A2 EP 1950375A2 EP 08002696 A EP08002696 A EP 08002696A EP 08002696 A EP08002696 A EP 08002696A EP 1950375 A2 EP1950375 A2 EP 1950375A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fastener
outside
mandrel
film
anchor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP08002696A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1950375B1 (fr
EP1950375A3 (fr
Inventor
Svein Jonsson
Karsten Kofoad
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Skumtech AS
Original Assignee
Skumtech AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE200510048118 external-priority patent/DE102005048118A1/de
Priority claimed from DE102005057959A external-priority patent/DE102005057959A1/de
Application filed by Skumtech AS filed Critical Skumtech AS
Publication of EP1950375A2 publication Critical patent/EP1950375A2/fr
Publication of EP1950375A3 publication Critical patent/EP1950375A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1950375B1 publication Critical patent/EP1950375B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E21D11/105—Transport or application of concrete specially adapted for the lining of tunnels or galleries ; Backfilling the space between main building element and the surrounding rock, e.g. with concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion in civil engineering, in particular an expansion of underground spaces such as tunnels and tunnels or pipelines in stable mountains.
  • Another problem is leaking mountain water. In winter, the water freezes. There is a danger of falling ice masses. This danger is usually met with a film seal. Depending on the thickness of the film is also spoken by webs. In part, there is also the name membrane.
  • the foil seal dissipates the water. At the same time a freezing of the water is prevented with a thermal insulation.
  • the film seal is composed of film webs.
  • the film webs are laid overlapping at the mountain outbreak, so that the film edges can then be welded together.
  • the known roundels are for example in the DE-3244000C1 . DE4100902A1 . DE19519595A1 . DE8632994.4U1 . DE8701969.8U1 . DE20217044U1 shown and described.
  • the known roundels have been welded to the foil and resulted in a perfect seal. This also applies to the in JP 10-306695 shown and described Rondellenbefest Trent.
  • Rondelles with a predetermined breaking point were considered particularly favorable.
  • the rondels should break at a load on the film at the predetermined breaking point.
  • the strength of the predetermined breaking point is significantly lower than the film strength. This will cause the rondelle to break first if excessive tension is applied to the foil. This means, the film seal will remain intact upon excessive tension in the film while the disk ruptures.
  • plastic rondels are only suitable for fixing the films, if small forces occur during the attachment of the films and a subsequent shotcrete application.
  • the known roundels have a diameter of about 150 mm and a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters. Such rondels have great strength.
  • the known anchors have diameters of 12 or 14 or 16 or 20mm. They are preferably made of stainless steel and are profiled on the mountain side to develop a high tensile strength in the mountains. For the anchor corresponding holes are introduced into the mountains. Subsequently, the anchors are fixed with a mounting cement or other suitable mounting means in the holes. Such anchors, unlike the known nail construction, can absorb really large forces. The loads are directed to the mountains. With the anchors, it is therefore possible to build a Tunnelausbau, the the loads of passing trains and passing vehicles withstand.
  • the steel rondelles are held between two screws. The screws allow adjustment of the rondels on the anchor.
  • the anchors are usually so long that they protrude beyond the steel rondels out into the tunnel. This serves to attach a wire grid as a retention during injection of the concrete and to stiffen the tunnel lining by connecting to the mountains.
  • the wire mesh also serves to reinforce the shotcrete layer.
  • a spacer for the wire mesh can be mounted on the anchor.
  • Known spacers are star-shaped provided with rods to support the wire mesh as large as possible.
  • the JP2000220395 has set itself the task of causing a seal of the film in the anchor penetration area.
  • a fastener has been proposed in this document, which is screwed onto the protruding through the foil anchor end and has a collar. On the collar, an adhesive is provided, which is intended to effect a connection of the collar with the film. But this can only work if the mountain eruption behind the film is sufficiently flat and parallel. Even in the presentation of this document is missing the planning.
  • the JP03030098 includes the same technique as the JP2000220395 and has the same difficulties.
  • This solution is based on a tension against the mountain eruption or against a concrete layer on the mountain outbreak in the tunnel and excretes when the anchor end is too far away from the mountain eruption or concrete.
  • This solution is also based on a plane and plane-parallel concrete surface, which is the exception in the tunnel and not the rule.
  • JP07042497 is based on a pressure against a concrete surface in a tunnel and exits if the anchor end is too far away from the rock or concrete.
  • the water-carrying thread of the anchor ends before the film seal.
  • differently shaped fasteners can be used as roundels. Therefore, in the following is spoken of fasteners in general and of rondels in particular.
  • the fasteners no penetration of the outside fastener is optionally provided in the fasteners according to the invention. This should not preclude penetration of the anchor into the fastener.
  • the decisive factor is that every opening, including every capillary opening, is closed. This is certainly the case when the fastener is without a passage opening.
  • the connection of the outside fastener with the anchor is possible without a passage opening.
  • this is done with a nozzle.
  • the nozzle or a nozzle-like thickening is optionally formed on the outside fastener.
  • the nozzle is welded to the outside of the fastener or secured in any other way.
  • the neck preferably has a threaded hole formed as a blind hole.
  • the one-piece fastener with the neck can be cast as a molding, for example.
  • the fastener is multi-part.
  • the neck may have an internally threaded blind hole and be welded in the desired length to the fastener.
  • the threaded hole has a thread adapted to the anchor thread.
  • the welding can be done on the inside of the fastener.
  • the nozzle in the multi-part design protrudes through a corresponding opening of the fastener, so that a circumferential weld can be placed on the inside at the protruding end of the socket.
  • the nozzle is welded on the outside of the fastener in multi-part design of the device.
  • the possibility is used to give the nozzle different screw positions on the anchor end. This possibility is greater, the longer the nozzle is.
  • the same mandrel can be used as in the above examples, when the plug has a correspondingly greater length. This can be achieved by providing different plug lengths.
  • threaded pieces that help to find the correct nozzle position.
  • different mandrels with which an adaptation to the different ergna the nozzle can be achieved.
  • the different mandrels have differently long threaded pieces, with which they can be screwed into the socket.
  • threaded rods or mandrels may also be provided on the inside of the fastener whose length compensates for greater distances between the anchor end and the center of the tunnel.
  • the outside end of the nozzle can be closed with an adapter.
  • the task of the adapter is an adaptation to the invention.
  • the adapter should close the threaded hole of the nozzle and in turn form a threaded hole with which the fastener can be screwed onto the end of the anchor.
  • the adapter side has a threaded stem and a thickening.
  • With the threaded pin of the adapter can be screwed into the threaded hole of the nozzle.
  • With the thickening of the adapter can sit on the neck and close the threaded hole tight. In the thickening is formed as a blind hole threaded hole whose thread is adapted to the anchor thread.
  • the threaded hole in the neck of the conventional fastener may optionally be long enough or too short to additionally from the inside a mandrel for attachment of the wire mesh and for the connection of the To absorb shotcrete with the surrounding rock. If the threaded hole is too short, the adapter may have an elongated pin projecting on the inside or protruding into the tunnel and forming a spike there.
  • the neck or adapter has either wholly or partly a cylindrical or all or part of an edged shape, e.g. the shape of a hexagon.
  • Such nozzles can be cut to length by a rod with a circular cross section or by a rod with a hexagonal cross section. The same applies to blanks for the production of an adapter.
  • the fastener can first be tightened by hand, as far as possible.
  • a tool is beneficial.
  • the collet is not required that the nozzle or adapter is particularly prepared for the bracing. With the collet so much friction can be generated by appropriate voltage that a sufficient torque can be transmitted to the fastener or on the adapter to cause sufficient tension of the fastener on the anchor.
  • an open-end wrench can be used for clamping. Open-end wrenches are easier and faster to set up and remove than a collet.
  • a cylindrical neck is provided on the fastener and the cylindrical neck is provided with two key surfaces for a wrench (spanner).
  • the wrench surfaces can be milled or sanded or pressed.
  • the pressing can have economic advantages over the use of hexagonal profile.
  • the fastener With the nozzle or adapter, the fastener is screwed onto the anchor.
  • the neck can be short or longer. The longer the neck or the adapter is, the larger the adjustment range or adjustment range of the fastener.
  • the fastener In the desired mounting position, the fastener can be secured by a lock nut on the threaded rod.
  • the setting of the fastener is important when the eruption has been created with considerable tolerances and if the rock holes for the anchors allow no adjustment of the anchor in the hole or when the anchors have been mounted in the rock holes irrespective of the position of the ends corresponding with the fasteners.
  • the anchor ends protruding from the mountains are thereby more or less removed from the ideal escape line for a tunnel.
  • By adjusting the fastener can be adapted to the ideal breakout line.
  • the same anchors and extension rods are provided between the anchors and the fasteners.
  • the extension rods are in particular threaded rods.
  • the connection of the extension rods to the anchors is then done by threaded sleeves.
  • the threaded sleeves are separate parts or connected to the threaded rod.
  • the use of separate threaded rods reduces the cost of materials.
  • the extension rods can namely be cut to length from long threaded rods to the appropriate level. Cutting to length is easy. It is done either by sawing or by cutting.
  • Particularly advantageous cut-off grinders are angle grinders which are equipped with a suitable grinding wheel. The most popular Angle grinders are the so-called flex devices. Therefore, this work is called flexing.
  • threaded rods which have already been prepared in the factory with a threaded sleeve, facilitates work on the construction site.
  • the factory preparation shifts some of the work into the factory. There, welding processes are much easier to represent than at the construction site. This applies to the quality as well as the processing time.
  • a separate threaded sleeve can also be provided with different threads, namely with a left-hand thread at one end and a right-hand thread at the other end.
  • the corresponding ends of the threaded rod and the anchor are then adapted.
  • the advantage of such threaded sleeves is that they can simultaneously by screwing in the same direction cause the screwing with two corresponding ends or can cause simultaneous rotation of the two corresponding ends by turning in the opposite direction.
  • the overlap dimension is material-dependent and load-dependent.
  • the minimum size can be determined with a few breakaways. Moreover, the determination of the minimum size and the approximation to the minimum is not mandatory. On the contrary, for security reasons and economic reasons, it is advisable to select a measure without any attempts at which recognizable security is given.
  • This dimension can be derived from nuts of the same screw thread. Preferably, when deriving the dimensions, a safety factor of at least 1.5 is used.
  • the minimum dimension must be determined depending on the material and the load.
  • the loading of the sleeve is essential, whether and which tools are used for the screw connection to the sleeve. Again, a few measures could be used to determine a minimum measure.
  • the dimension of a screw nut of the same thread is used as a measure of the sleeve.
  • a safety factor of at least 1.5 is used.
  • an inner-side fastener is clamped in a further embodiment of the invention.
  • the outside fastener has on the inside an at least partially threaded mandrel.
  • the mandrel may be molded and form a one-piece workpiece with the outside fastener.
  • the mandrel can also be welded or screwed to the fastener.
  • the mandrel may also be formed on the neck described above and form a one-piece workpiece with the neck.
  • the mandrel can also be welded or screwed to the neck.
  • the nozzle can be screwed with appropriate dimensions with the outside fastener so that the nozzle rests with a surface sealingly against a corresponding surface.
  • the multi-part is advantageous if the same raw material can be used for the nozzle and the sleeve.
  • the pole is delivered prepared to the site.
  • the bar is mounted on the construction site.
  • the inside fastener is provided for mounting with a corresponding opening so that it can slide on the mandrel and clamped there with a suitable screw.
  • the foil is pushed onto the mandrel.
  • the mandrel penetrates the film.
  • the film is clamped alone or together with a seal between the two fasteners.
  • the two fasteners may be circular in shape as conventional rondelles or fasteners. It can even be used the known steel rondelles by the opening of the known Rondellen is closed by the described nozzle, mandrel or rod.
  • the fasteners can also be shaped differently, for example quadrangular with rounded corners.
  • the fasteners may be flat or curved. By adjusting the curvature of the fastener to the respective tunnel curvature wrinkling in the film is reduced.
  • an inward curvature or outward curvature at the edge of the fasteners may be useful to avoid excessive stress on the film at the fastener edge by edge pressure.
  • a clamping of the film is provided at the edge of the fastener.
  • the fasteners are designed for Randeinten so that they touch each other without foil on the edge and the remaining fastener surfaces spaced from each other.
  • the length of the mandrel depends on the extent of the shotcrete construction.
  • the structure can consist exclusively of concrete.
  • the structure may also include an insulating layer.
  • the insulating layer is then preferably arranged on the mountain side behind the concrete.
  • the mandrel must then protrude through the insulating layer to support the wireframe and spacer described above at the forward end.
  • the nozzle is passed through an opening of the outside fastener until it protrudes sufficiently far opposite the fastener on the film side. Able to weld the nozzle in the fastener. The weld closes the opening in the fastener.
  • a threaded rod piece is screwed in as a mandrel.
  • the mandrel is secured by a weld. The weld prevents loosening of the mandrel and closes the thread at the same time.
  • the fasteners according to the invention are preferably made of steel. Steel can be processed very well, even welding. The processing capability is particularly advantageous in so-called free-cutting steel.
  • Automated machines are the name given to automated lathes and automated milling machines. With these machines, the special parts provided according to the invention can be produced very inexpensively. Because of the risk of corrosion from mountain water, such steel parts are preferably provided on all sides with a corrosion protection.
  • a corrosion protection with epoxy resin or with zinc is known.
  • the zinc is electroplated or applied by dipping the workpieces in a hot zinc bath. However, diving in a hot zinc bath poses the problem of added threads.
  • the coating with epoxy resin can be metered very accurately and does not interfere with the fitting if the layer does not exceed a certain thickness.
  • stainless steel is also used. But it can also find unfoamed plastic application.
  • Particularly suitable are polyamides and polyesters, preferably reinforced by a fiber reinforcement and / or by a fabric reinforcement.
  • the fasteners may have different dimensions. There are conceivable fasteners with diameters or edge lengths of 10mm to 2000 mm. Preferably, dimensions of 80 to 300 mm, more preferably 130 to 300 mm.
  • the fasteners have a curvature which is adapted to the tunnel curvature. This causes a foil-saving clamping between the fasteners.
  • Cup-shaped or cup-shaped fasteners are not quite so cheap in terms of clamping the film. But such fasteners but have a much higher stability than a metal sheet, which is adapted only to the tunnel arch. This allows a reduction of the sheet thickness for the fasteners. In this sense, thicknesses of 2.5 mm and less may be sufficient.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mountain outbreak 1 in stable mountains. At regular intervals anchors have been introduced into the mountains. For this purpose, appropriate holes were drilled and anchors were fixed with mounting cement in the holes. From the anchors, the central axes 2 are shown.
  • the mountain outbreak 1 is used to make a tunnel.
  • a shotcrete construction is provided in the mountain outbreak.
  • the shotcrete construction consists roughly of a film layer 4 and a shotcrete layer 3.
  • the film layer 4 is composed of individual webs, which are laid overlapping and are welded together at the overlapping edges. In this case, two adjacent welds are provided at a distance from each other. The cavity between the welds is pressurized with compressed air to check the tightness of the welds.
  • an armature 5 is shown schematically.
  • the armature 5 is connected to the protruding end of the mountains with a fastener 14.
  • the film layer 4 is applied.
  • a fastener 15 At the film layer side, which is opposite to the fastener 14 is a fastener 15.
  • the fasteners 14 and 15 clamp the film layer 4 between them.
  • the fasteners carry a spacer 13 for a wire mesh 12.
  • the wire mesh 12 has two purposes. It serves to build up the shotcrete layer 3 by preventing the concrete layer rebounding from falling off of the foil layer.
  • the wire mesh 12 forms a reinforcement for the shotcrete layer.
  • the anchors direct the weight of the shotcrete expansion into the mountains. After solidification of the shotcrete construction, the anchors form a solid composite of the expansion with the mountains.
  • Fig. 3 shows further details of the expansion.
  • the mountain-side fastener hereinafter referred to as the outside fastener, designated 9.
  • the fastener 9 has a round and curved shape, such as a dome in the embodiment.
  • a threaded tube 8 is welded, opposite (inside) a threaded rod 10 is welded.
  • an extension rod 7 is provided between the armature 5 and the fastener 9, an extension rod 7 is provided.
  • the extension rod is necessary because the anchor sits in a mountain ridge and the distance to the fastener 9 must be bridged.
  • the threaded tube 8 forms on the fastener 9 a nozzle, the threaded rod 10 a mandrel.
  • the extension rod 7 is screwed into the neck of the Bestigers 9.
  • the extension rod 7 is connected at the opposite end via a threaded sleeve 6 with the anchor 5. For this purpose, corresponding threads are provided on the anchor end and in the sleeve and on the extension
  • the 4 and 5 show another embodiment of fasteners according to the invention.
  • the outside fastener is called 20, the inside fastener 21.
  • a nozzle 22 is welded.
  • the nozzle 22 is not simply placed on the closed bottom of the fastener, but performed by a central opening in the bottom of the fastener 20 so that the nozzle 22 protrudes on the inside a piece.
  • the degree of projection is precisely matched to the nature of two seals 27 and 28, which the in Fig. 4 include film layer designated 26 between them.
  • the measure determines the possible compression of the seals 27 and 28 during the clamping of the film layer 26th
  • the seals 27 and 28 and the film layer 26 have openings sufficient to be pushed over a protruding as a mandrel threaded rod 23 and the protruding pipe 22.
  • the nozzle 22 is provided at each end with a blind hole. Both blind holes are separated by a material wall.
  • the threaded rod 23 sits as a mandrel.
  • outside blind hole sits in the installation situation of the anchor. The described material wall prevents leakage through the thread.
  • the seals 27 and 28 are in the embodiment of polyethylene foam with a density of 30 kg per cubic meter, in other embodiments of 18 to 40 kg per cubic meter.
  • the purpose of the seals is to compensate for unevenness in the surfaces of the fasteners and the film and imbalances between the fasteners.
  • the thickness of the seals is 5mm, in other embodiments 3 to 10 mm. By tightening the two fasteners experienced the seals a strong compression, so that the density of the seals comes close to the density of non-foamed polyethylene.
  • the thickness of the seal is reduced by bracing the two fasteners to at least 50%, preferably to at least 70% and even more preferably to at least 90%.
  • the reduction refers to the foam volume. In this consideration, the volume of the unfoamed film of the same plastic and the same basis weight is disregarded. That is, the initial dimension relevant to the thickness reduction is reduced by the thickness of the unfoamed film.
  • the Fig.13 to 17 show a further embodiment of fasteners according to the invention.
  • the outside fastener carries the designation 520, the inside fastener the designation 521.
  • a nozzle 522 is welded to the outside fastener 520.
  • the nozzle 522 has like the neck after Fig. 3 two blind holes marked 528 and 529.
  • the thread in the neck and at the anchor is M16.
  • the nozzle 522 is not simply placed on the closed bottom of the fastener, but placed on a central opening in the bottom of the fastener 520 and welded there.
  • the circumferential weld is designated 525. Both blind holes are provided with internal thread. In the outwardly facing blind hole 528 sits the anchor end 526th
  • the tensioning device consists of a threaded rod 524 and a clamping nut 523.
  • the inside fastener 521 has like the outside fastener in the form of a shell.
  • the fasteners / shells are spaced and shown without intervening foil and seal in which Fig. 16 lying in each other.
  • the fastener 521 is curved inwardly, while the fastener 520 is curved outward.
  • the fastener 521 is centered slightly weaker than the fastener 520. As a result, touch the two fasteners on the edge.
  • the fastener 520 has an outer diameter of 300 mm
  • the fastener 521 has an outer diameter of 222 mm. In other embodiments, other dimensions may be chosen.
  • the fastener 520 is selected as a shell so that it completely absorbs the Bestiger 521 in the position shown in FIG. 35. In the embodiment, this results in a depth of the fastener 520 of 32 mm.
  • the further embodiment according to Fig. 18 and 19 is different from that FIGS. 13 to 17 by other fasteners 537 and 538.
  • the fastener 537 has an outer diameter of 160 mm relative to the fastener 520.
  • the fastener 520 is less deep than the fastener 521.
  • the anchor 526 is identical to the anchor 535. The same applies to the nozzles 536 and 522, as well as for the threaded rods 539 and 524 and for the clamping nuts 540 and 523.
  • the fastener 538 is identical to the fastener 537 and arranged in mirror image. This results in a different clamping of the film between the two fasteners as in the embodiments according to FIGS. 13 to 17 ,
  • the seals are self-adhesive on both sides.
  • the adhesive surfaces are covered by silicone-coated paper before assembly.
  • the paper is first peeled off the contact surface with the fastener 20. Thereafter, the seal 28 can be positioned and pressed on the fastener 20. Subsequently, the paper is withdrawn from the contact surface of the seal 28 with the film layer 26 and pressed the film layer against the seal. This results in a provisional stop of the film seal 26.
  • the paper is withdrawn from the contact surface of the seal 27 with the film layer 26 and the seal 27 is positioned and pressed against the film layer 26.
  • the fastener 21 has an opening that is slightly larger than the diameter of the threaded rod 23 but at the same time significantly less than the diameter of the nozzle 22.
  • Fig. 5 After pushing the inner fastener results in the Fig. 5 illustrated situation.
  • the seals have the shapes and thicknesses designated 27 'and 28'.
  • the fasteners 20 and 21 are compressed so far that the seals develop a desired pressure against the film layer on the one hand and against the contact surfaces with the fasteners on the other. This pressure also causes a clamping of the film layer. Together with the adhesive connection results in a very advantageous holding the film layer.
  • Fig. 6 shows a further embodiment for the fastener.
  • the fasteners are designated 30 and 31.
  • the two fasteners 30 and 31 enclose a film layer 32 between them.
  • the outside fastener 31 is provided with a pot-like recess.
  • the inside fastener 30 is like a lid in the pot-like fastener 31, so that between the curved edges a desired clamping takes place.
  • inclined surfaces act like wedges against each other, so that with little force over appropriate ways a strong clamping, even a large-scale clamping can be achieved.
  • the fastener 31 is also provided with a curved edge 33.
  • Fig. 8 shows a possible honeycomb 43 for the in Fig. 2 illustrated wire mesh.
  • Fig. 7 shows a spacer 40 for the positioning of the wire mesh.
  • the spacer 40 is pressed with another nut against the nut 25.
  • the spacer 40 has various arms to which the wire mesh 43 can be hooked.
  • Fig. 9 shows a conventional outside fastener 40 with a central continuous thread and with an adapter 42.
  • the adapter 42 has a mandrel 41 with an external thread. Opposite the mandrel 41, the adapter 42 has an outer diameter which corresponds to the diameter of the integrally formed neck 44 on the fastener 40.
  • the adapter 42 is screwed with its mandrel 41 in the fastener 40, that the adapter 42 closes against the nozzle 44 and the two contact surfaces are stretched against each other. Both contact surfaces are processed so that leakage is excluded.
  • the seal is additionally secured by a sealing ring 45.
  • the adapter 42 has a threaded hole formed as a blind hole 43, with which a screw on the anchor is possible.
  • Fig. 10 also shows a conventional outside fastener 50 with a central continuous thread.
  • This fastener is combined with a mandrel 51 having a collar 52 and a part 53. With the part 53, the mandrel has been screwed from the inside through the fastener and screwed into a threaded sleeve 54 described above for extension operations.
  • the collar 52 is closing against the fastener 50 and the threaded sleeve 54 is closing against the stub 57 of the fastener.
  • the contact surfaces are the same as after Fig. 9 processed.
  • a seal 56 is provided between the collar 52 and the fastener 50.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show a shotcrete construction for a tunnel in stable mountains.
  • the mountains are designated 101.
  • threaded rods 102 have been introduced as an anchor.
  • 101 holes have been drilled into the mountains and the anchors have been glued in the mountains.
  • the anchors are placed at a distance of 1.2m in such a way that a large number of uniform attachment points are created at the circumference of the rock outcrop, and all points lie on the corner points of equal squares with an edge length of 1.2 m.
  • a sealing washer 103 On each threaded rod 102, a sealing washer 103 has then been screwed. Then a waterproofing membrane has been laid. The laying is done in such a way that the film has been placed on the protruding anchor. The anchors 102 penetrate the film. The resulting holes are closed by means of further sealing discs 105. The sealing discs 103 and 105 clamp the film 104 between them and moreover close tightly with the anchors 102.
  • first a fast-binding cement milk is sprayed thinly onto the film.
  • the dried cement slurry forms an advantageous primer for a subsequent application of shotcrete.
  • the shotcrete is applied in layers, starting at the tunnel sole.
  • the resulting shotcrete layer is designated 106.
  • the tunnel runs horizontally, so that the shotcrete is laid in horizontal layers, which are superimposed from bottom to top of the film.
  • the layers have a width which corresponds to the desired shotcrete layer thickness. In otherstasbe bit a smaller width of the layers is provided so that first a first shotcrete layer is applied to the film, which completely covers the film side. Thereafter, another shotcrete layer is applied, which completely covers the previously discussed shotcrete layer. This is repeated until the desired thickness of the shotcrete layer is reached.
  • the anchors After creating the shotcrete layer, the anchors still protrude from the concrete layer. At the projecting ends cladding panels should be attached, especially panels for fire protection.
  • the plates are secured in the exemplary embodiment with the anchors 102 and nuts and washers on the shotcrete. So that the thread of the armature 102 is not unusable by the shotcrete is the thread has been protected by caps when applying the shotcrete.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Connection Of Plates (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Sealing Material Composition (AREA)
  • Door And Window Frames Mounted To Openings (AREA)
  • Tents Or Canopies (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
  • Vehicle Interior And Exterior Ornaments, Soundproofing, And Insulation (AREA)
EP08002696A 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement pour bâtiments et travaux publics Active EP1950375B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005032434 2005-07-09
DE102005038363 2005-08-11
DE200510048118 DE102005048118A1 (de) 2005-10-06 2005-10-06 Spritzbetonbau mit Foliendichtung
DE102005057960 2005-12-03
DE102005057959A DE102005057959A1 (de) 2005-07-09 2005-12-03 Befestiger für Abdichtungsbahnen
EP06776099A EP1902197A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement dans des superstructures et des infrastructures

Related Parent Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776099A Division EP1902197A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement dans des superstructures et des infrastructures
EP06776099.1 Division 2006-06-30

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1950375A2 true EP1950375A2 (fr) 2008-07-30
EP1950375A3 EP1950375A3 (fr) 2008-08-27
EP1950375B1 EP1950375B1 (fr) 2010-05-12

Family

ID=37637516

Family Applications (4)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776099A Withdrawn EP1902197A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement dans des superstructures et des infrastructures
EP14002660.0A Not-in-force EP2837768B1 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Renforcement dans le domaine du bâtiment et du génie civile
EP08002696A Active EP1950375B1 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement pour bâtiments et travaux publics
EP11008814.3A Not-in-force EP2420648B1 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutènement pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civile

Family Applications Before (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06776099A Withdrawn EP1902197A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutenement dans des superstructures et des infrastructures
EP14002660.0A Not-in-force EP2837768B1 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Renforcement dans le domaine du bâtiment et du génie civile

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11008814.3A Not-in-force EP2420648B1 (fr) 2005-07-09 2006-06-30 Soutènement pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civile

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (4) EP1902197A2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE467747T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502006006948D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1950375T3 (fr)
ES (3) ES2523276T3 (fr)
NO (2) NO341102B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007006428A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2010090527A1 (fr) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 John Oldroyd Cheetham Membrane étanche à l'eau, et procédé pour joindre plusieurs feuilles de membrane
EP2420648A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2012-02-22 Skumtech AS Soutènement pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civile
DE102012012522A1 (de) 2011-11-16 2013-05-16 Skumtech As Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN105201532B (zh) * 2015-09-11 2017-09-22 中铁九局集团第二工程有限公司 软弱围岩下地下大跨径球冠状穹顶的环形开挖施工方法
KR101790217B1 (ko) * 2016-12-30 2017-10-25 씨카코리아(주) 방수 시스템
NO20171905A1 (en) * 2017-11-29 2019-05-30 John Oldroyd Cheetham Disk for fixing and sealing a lining
CN108194106B (zh) * 2018-02-26 2019-09-03 龚岗 隧道锚喷支护混凝土台车用移动式灌注施工工艺
CN109973120B (zh) * 2019-04-28 2020-01-10 中国矿业大学 一种预留卸压观测钻孔并联合注浆的两巷变形控制方法
CN110159309B (zh) * 2019-05-27 2021-03-23 中国水利水电第八工程局有限公司 一种采用泡沫混凝土回填矿山法隧道的施工方法
CN115234241B (zh) * 2022-07-25 2023-06-06 广东省源天工程有限公司 一种引水隧洞的施工方法
WO2024112209A1 (fr) 2022-11-24 2024-05-30 John Oldroyd Cheetham Système de fixation et d'étanchéité d'un revêtement fournissant une suspension étanche d'une membrane sur des parois de tunnel

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2420648A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2012-02-22 Skumtech AS Soutènement pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civile
EP2837768A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2015-02-18 Skumtech AS Démontage dans le domaine du BTP et du génie civile
WO2010090527A1 (fr) * 2009-02-03 2010-08-12 John Oldroyd Cheetham Membrane étanche à l'eau, et procédé pour joindre plusieurs feuilles de membrane
DE102012012522A1 (de) 2011-11-16 2013-05-16 Skumtech As Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau
EP2594736A1 (fr) 2011-11-16 2013-05-22 Skumtech AS Démontage pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civil

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE467747T1 (de) 2010-05-15
DE502006006948D1 (de) 2010-06-24
ES2341592T3 (es) 2010-06-22
EP2420648A3 (fr) 2013-01-02
DK1950375T3 (da) 2010-07-05
NO20160753A1 (no) 2016-05-04
EP2420648A2 (fr) 2012-02-22
WO2007006428A2 (fr) 2007-01-18
EP1902197A2 (fr) 2008-03-26
EP2837768A3 (fr) 2015-09-09
EP2837768A2 (fr) 2015-02-18
NO20076650L (no) 2007-12-27
EP2837768B1 (fr) 2018-01-31
ES2659022T3 (es) 2018-03-13
EP1950375B1 (fr) 2010-05-12
ES2523276T3 (es) 2014-11-24
WO2007006428A3 (fr) 2007-03-29
EP2420648B1 (fr) 2014-10-08
EP1950375A3 (fr) 2008-08-27
NO341102B1 (no) 2017-08-28

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