EP2594736A1 - Démontage pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civil - Google Patents

Démontage pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civil Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2594736A1
EP2594736A1 EP12005838.3A EP12005838A EP2594736A1 EP 2594736 A1 EP2594736 A1 EP 2594736A1 EP 12005838 A EP12005838 A EP 12005838A EP 2594736 A1 EP2594736 A1 EP 2594736A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
profile
tunnel
anchor
profiles
connection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12005838.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Johnson Svein
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Skumtech AS
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Skumtech AS
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Skumtech AS filed Critical Skumtech AS
Publication of EP2594736A1 publication Critical patent/EP2594736A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/38—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating
    • E21D11/383—Waterproofing; Heat insulating; Soundproofing; Electric insulating by applying waterproof flexible sheets; Means for fixing the sheets to the tunnel or cavity wall
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an expansion in civil engineering, in particular an expansion of underground spaces such as tunnels and tunnels or pipelines in stable mountains.
  • Another problem is leaking mountain water. In winter, the water freezes. There is a danger of falling ice masses. This danger is usually met with a film seal. Depending on the thickness of the film is also spoken by webs. In part, there is also the name membrane.
  • the foil seal dissipates the water. At the same time a freezing of the water is prevented with a thermal insulation.
  • the film seal is composed of film webs.
  • the film webs are laid overlapping at the mountain outbreak, so that the film edges can then be welded together.
  • the gap can be pressurized with air pressure. When the gap is closed, a sufficient sealing effect can be assumed if the pressure drop in the intermediate space does not exceed certain limits over a certain period of time.
  • the attachment of the film takes place in different ways. With low strength requirements has in the past enforced a film attachment with a trained as a rondelle fastener made of plastic.
  • the rondelle is nailed or shot to the mountains or to a first shotcrete layer applied.
  • shooting the roundels are not hit with a hammer or the like in the mountains, but driven by a blasting cartridge in the mountains or in the first applied shotcrete layer.
  • the known roundels are for example in the DE-3244000C1 . DE4100902A1 . DE19519595A1 . DE8632994.4U1 . DE8701969.8U1 . DE20217044U1 shown and described.
  • the known roundels have been welded to the film.
  • Rondelles with a predetermined breaking point were considered to be particularly favorable.
  • the rondels should break at a load on the film at the predetermined breaking point.
  • the strength of the predetermined breaking point is significantly lower than the film strength. This will cause the rondelle to break first if excessive tension is applied to the foil. That is, the film seal will remain intact upon excessive pull in the film while the disk ruptures.
  • plastic rondels are only suitable if low forces arise during the attachment of the films and subsequent application of shotcrete.
  • the known roundels have a diameter of about 150 mm and a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters. Such rondels have great strength.
  • the known anchors have diameters of 12 or 14 or 16 or 20mm. They are preferably made of stainless steel and are profiled on the mountain side to develop a high tensile strength in the mountains. For the anchor corresponding holes are introduced into the mountains. Subsequently, the anchors are fixed with a mounting cement or other suitable mounting means in the holes. Such anchors, unlike the known nail construction, can absorb really large forces. The loads are directed to the mountains. With the anchors, it is therefore possible to build a tunnel that can withstand the stresses of passing trains and passing vehicles.
  • the anchors are usually provided with a thread, preferably corresponding to the diameter with metric thread M12 or M 14 or M16 or M20.
  • a thread preferably corresponding to the diameter with metric thread M12 or M 14 or M16 or M20.
  • the steel rondels are held between two screws. The screws allow adjustment of the rondels on the anchor.
  • the anchors are usually so long that they protrude beyond the steel rondels out into the tunnel. This serves to attach a wire grid as a retention during injection of the concrete and to stiffen the tunnel lining by connecting to the mountains.
  • the wire mesh also serves to reinforce the shotcrete layer.
  • a spacer for the wire mesh can be mounted on the anchor.
  • Known spacers are star-shaped provided with rods to support the wire mesh as large as possible.
  • a multilayer film made of PE foam is common.
  • the foam film is also used as a sealing film.
  • the foam film is usually supplied as a pre-assembled film webs for tunneling. It has even proven to abstain from welding the film web edges as in a non-foamed film. Instead, the foam film webs are laid overlapping only at the edge.
  • plastic foam film webs are not laid - as before - only loose and randüberlappend. Rather, a connection profile is provided which engages over or surrounds the mutually opposite web edges for their clamping.
  • the bumps and depressions can already significantly improve the conventional seal with the overlap edges. A significant further improvement is obtained when the foam film edges are sealed at the seal site without overlap. On the way insulating material is saved, because the overlap is eliminated. At the same time results in a better seal.
  • the depressions and elevations may be completely or partially molded / prepared in the foam film web edges.
  • the depressions and elevations can also be partially or completely through the Connection profile are generated.
  • the depressions and elevations may also be partially molded / prepared on the foam film web edges and finished by the connection profile.
  • connection profile on the outside of the expansion. So that the escaping mountain water runs outside and can not penetrate into the gap between the foam film web edges.
  • foam film web edges can have a distance below the connecting profile. Insulation technology is better when the foam sheet edges are abutted against each other or pressed together.
  • connection profiles have a curvature which is precisely matched to the desired expansion. This is quite possible if the mountain outbreak has some distance from the tunnel. This is particularly the case when an inspection distance is provided as in PCT / EP06 / 006358 is described.
  • a removal arch can then be created from a connection profile at the factory, which extends from one side of the tunnel sole via the tunnel wall, the tunnel trough and the opposite tunnel wall to the opposite side of the tunnel sole. Even if different bends result over the tunnel length, the different bends can be assigned to the right point in the tunnel cross-section. When such bows are created, the bows can also assist in positioning the anchors in the rock.
  • the builders try to help in older methods for introducing the anchor by connecting two anchors, which have a distance from each other in the tunnel longitudinal direction, with a Meßschnur.
  • this is relatively inaccurate if the tunnel longitudinal direction is curved and if the anchor holes can not be ideally introduced into the mountains. Such bends are very common.
  • less than half of all anchors can be ideally placed in the mountains. Then, for example, the anchors are awry.
  • a multi-part design can have advantages under certain circumstances.
  • the multi-part design can simplify the production, storage and installation, because the parts can be made with the same curvature.
  • all sections of a removal arc may have the same length and / or have the same curvature.
  • the different sections can also be straight. For straight sections one speaks of a curvature with the radius "infinite".
  • the anchors are arranged largely parallel to allow the introduction of the anchor in the mountains.
  • Straight sections are suitable for cutting to length from a straight starting material. Even more curved sections can be cut to length from a longer starting material.
  • the curvature of the individual sections or of the starting material to be cut can be achieved by hot deformation in metallic material, for example in steel. But also plastic material can be brought by hot deformation in the desired curvature.
  • Connecting profiles made of steel have a wall thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, more preferably from 1.5 to 2.5 mm sufficient strength.
  • Connecting profiles made of plastic can also have sufficient strength. This is especially true in the case of a reinforcement of the plastic. For reinforcement fibers and textiles, in particular mesh fabrics are suitable. The strength can also be increased by crosslinking of the plastic. In addition, by selecting particularly solid plastics comparable strength can be achieved as with a metallic connection profile. Particularly good properties may be composite materials / composites. The properties are derived from the combination of different materials. This can also be the combination of metallic materials with plastic material.
  • An expansion arc composed of sections according to the invention preferably consists of at least 3 sections, more preferably of at least 4 sections and most preferably of at least 5 sections.
  • the minimum number of 3 sections is also easily accessible, even with straight sections in the circumferential direction of the expansion arches.
  • bent sections are usually used for the expansion arc to comply with the number of sections according to the invention.
  • the sections are optionally introduced in the above-described form together with several anchors in the mountains.
  • the sections are mounted after the introduction of the anchor on several anchors.
  • connection profiles leads to a stiffening of the expansion.
  • the stiffening of the foam layer is important, even if the removal of a shotcrete layer belongs, which is applied inside after installation of the plastic foam layer.
  • the stiffening is given in particular in one-piece extension arches from connection profile. But even sections of connection profile can significantly contribute to the stiffening of the expansion. This can be used to reduce the number of people. The reduction in the number of anchors compensates for the effort required for the connection profiles. Further advantages are the material saving and better seal set out above.
  • connection profile sections are preferably laid overlapping. It is favorable for the seal when in an overlap position, the lower end of the upper portion of the upper end of the lower portion mountain side (outside) overlaps. As a result, the mountain water runs off without penetrating into the overlap gap.
  • an overlap is preferably also provided at joints, wherein the overlap in the direction of fall runs on the same principle, which is provided for overlapping in the circumferential direction.
  • c) is the use of terminal crosses of advantage, which on the one hand allow overlapping in the circumferential direction and on the other hand, an overlap in the tunnel longitudinal direction.
  • the thickness of the foam layer is preferably at least 40mm. It can also be 100mm or 150mm or 200mm and more.
  • the distance of the depressions or elevations on the foam webs is at least 10 mm from the edge of the web, more preferably at least 20 mm and most preferably at least 30 mm.
  • the depressions can be molded.
  • the depressions can be cut in mechanically or thermally.
  • straight and / or curved and / or angular surfaces can arise in the recess cross section.
  • the recesses have a triangular cross-section.
  • the elevations can be created by glued or welded foam profiles.
  • the surfaces of the elevations can be straight and / or rounded in the profile cross-section.
  • the recesses preferably have a depth of at least 5 mm, otherwise - based on the thickness of the plastic foam view - of at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and even more preferably of 30% of the thickness. The same applies to the surveys.
  • connection profile can be different, for example consist of sheets, profiled bars, wires and grids.
  • Convenient are sheets that are deformed to U-profiles.
  • the free legs of the profile cross section can be exactly vertical or inclined.
  • Favorable is a trough-shaped cross-section with a distance between the legs, which increases towards the free end of the legs.
  • the straight legs may include an angle to the leg connecting the web, for example, 135 degrees is. In other embodiments, 120 to 150 degrees are provided. Even at 90 degrees angled legs come into consideration.
  • the legs can also be arched in cross section.
  • the round and curved cross-sectional shapes cause an advantageous line-shaped or strip-shaped course of the sealing surfaces between foam web and connecting profile.
  • edges that press with a bent tip into the plastic web edge It can be provided side by side on each edge also several cambers and / or several round bars and / or more bent tips. Then arise several sealing lines or sealing strips next to each other, which form a labyrinth seal.
  • a further connecting profile is preferably provided as an abutment on the inside and opposite the connecting profile pressing onto the foam web edges.
  • the abutment can also consist of sheets, profiled bars, wires and grid.
  • the abutment can also be formed by similar holders, as they are formed for the application of the shotcrete layer.
  • the holders for the application of the shotcrete layer have star-shaped arms arranged.
  • the shotcrete backing is usually attached to the arms. As a shotcrete back is regularly a wire mesh.
  • the shotcrete backing has distance from the plastic foam layer.
  • such arms are used to form the abutment.
  • the holders can be used unchanged, when the arms lie directly against the foam layer. If, on the other hand, there is a gap between the arms and the foam layer, find it preferably other abutments with arms application, which bear directly against the foam layer. Optionally, these abutments show only in the connection region of the web edges in the foam layer arms.
  • the abutment provided with arms can also have arms in the other areas. These arms should then have the above-described holder function, that is, have a distance from the foam layer and be suitable for the attachment of the shotcrete backfill. This results in a mixed construction of holder and abutment.
  • the arms intended for the abutment function then rest on the foam layer, while the other arms have the necessary distance from the foam layer and the design for use as holders for the shotcrete backfill.
  • the star-shaped abutments are formed by a plurality of rods.
  • An advantageous embodiment has two bars welded together in a cross-shaped manner, which provide an abutment with 4 arms. From the rods welded together, the bar lying in the connection area can have direct contact with the foam layer, while the bar welded over it has at least one distance from the foam layer is equal to the thickness of the foam layer side bar. At the desired greater distance, a greater distance can be created between the first rod and the further rod welded thereon by means of a spacer or a spacer plate. In addition to the second rod still more rods can be welded one above the other until an abutment according to the invention has the desired number of arms.
  • the abutment according to the invention is also formed by means of grid sections.
  • the grid sections are held between discs, which overlap correspondingly many bars of the grid sections, so that a firm grip for the grid sections between the panes arises.
  • grid sections are formed by four or more bars.
  • a ring is welded to the grid sections to form an abutment, with which the grid section can be pushed onto the threaded rod of the anchor / fastener or on the inwardly projecting mandrel and screwed there.
  • Less than the above-described four rods may also be welded as arms to the ring. In this case, both a weld on the peripheral surface of the ring as well as a weld can be made on an end face of the ring.
  • a perforated plate can be welded to the grid section to allow a screw.
  • the hole then preferably has the same diameter as the central opening of the ring described above.
  • the diameter in the sheet is then equal to the diameter of the threaded rod of the anchor / fastener or the diameter of the inwardly protruding mandrel of the anchor / fastener plus a play of movement to push the sheet onto the threaded rod or mandrel.
  • the rods or arms of the abutment can be the same or different lengths.
  • at least two arms are provided diametrically opposite each abutment, which at least approximately to the corresponding arms of the next abutment along the overlapping or butt-pushed web edges rich, so that with the help of the abutment sufficient for a tight connection of the web edges clamping the web edges can be achieved in the plastic layer.
  • the web edges usually run in the circumferential direction.
  • at least two, preferably two diametrically opposed pairs of rods are provided on each abutment, which at least approximately approach the corresponding rods of the next abutment in the circumferential direction.
  • even an overlap of the arms is provided.
  • the arms of an abutment serving for clamping the circumferentially extending web edges in the plastic layer extend exclusively in the circumferential direction of the tunnel.
  • the serving for clamping the web edges in the plastic layer arms of an abutment can also extend partially in the tunnel longitudinal direction, so that a seal line is formed which extends back and forth in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. The same applies to a strip-shaped sealing surface.
  • sealing lines may arise.
  • a sealing line is formed at a web edge, if on both sides of the web edge opposite a linear pressure is built up.
  • Several sealing lines can also be generated parallel to each other.
  • the measures provided for generating a sealing line pressure means such as rods preferably have a round cross-section. But it can also be used other cross sections, so that strip-shaped sealing surfaces arise.
  • connection profiles Between two connection profiles or the one connection profile and an abutment of elements explained above, the foam web edges to be joined together are clamped.
  • mesh mats such as those used for concrete reinforcement.
  • Such mats or mat sections are factory provided with eyelets with which the mats sections on the anchors or thorns stop, which protrude between the foam web edges.
  • eyelets and clamping means can be used, which cover the mats or mats sections.
  • Suitable clamping means discs, on the type of washers, but with a larger diameter.
  • other clamping means come into consideration, which extend from the anchors or thorns so far that they cover at least one wire / rod of the mat section. The advantage of this clamping means is the possibility of using sections of commercially available grid mats, without the need for a certain mesh size and greater accuracy.
  • rods or profile bars are provided according to the invention, preferably find reinforcing steel bars application, which are arranged parallel to each other and to the connecting profile edges and spaced so that they face the pressing on the foam web edges edges of the connection profiles.
  • the foam web edges then find a uniform clamping.
  • a precise spacing of the reinforcing steel bars is achieved by welded and perforated tabs.
  • the holes in the tabs are adapted to the anchor diameter and the diameter of the mandrel.
  • the anchors sitting in the mountains are sized and the connection profiles provided with holes that the connection profiles can be placed on the anchor ends and held by screws in the respective position.
  • the screws act, for example, with plates and Gaskets together to clamp the connection profiles sealingly between them.
  • the ends of the anchors which project beyond the foam web edges on the inside are long enough to project beyond the foam web edges into the interior of the tunnel and to accommodate spacers and a reinforcing mat for a shotcrete application.
  • the reinforcing mat is preferably pressed with screws against the anchor profile firmly seated on the anchor.
  • a spacer sleeve may be provided between the connection profile and the reinforcing mat in order to limit the indentation of the foam web edges.
  • the clamping of the connection profiles in a modified form.
  • the anchor or extension rods end so that they protrude with a fitting end through openings of the connection profiles.
  • a clamping part / sleeve a high sealing effect can be achieved on the connecting profile, when the sleeve presses with a collar a seal against the connecting profile.
  • the necessary pressure is applied, for example, with nuts, one of which sits on the anchor end or on the end of the extension rod.
  • the clamping part / sleeve has two opposite, designed as blind holes threaded holes. The one threaded hole faces the anchor end of the extension rod. The other threaded hole faces away from the anchor end.
  • the clamping part / sleeve With the thread, which faces the anchor end, the clamping part / sleeve is bolted to the anchor end / end of the extension rod.
  • a further threaded rod / mandrel is screwed, on which the second nut is seated. Both nuts tighten the connection profile and the sleeve between them.
  • the sleeve is also arranged so that the sleeve with its collar and the seal tunnel inside the connection profile Applied. Then the clamping part / sleeve pushes the sealing washer with the collar of the tunnel inside against the connection profile.
  • connection profile can also be achieved without a sleeve by means of nuts or other clamping parts.
  • a connection profile is also penetrated by a mandrel.
  • the mandrel protrudes through an opening in the connecting profile outwards to the mountain side.
  • the mandrel is welded at the penetration point to the connection profile.
  • a circumferential weld is provided, which causes a tight connection.
  • the tunnel inside of the connecting profile projecting end of the mandrel has the same function as the mandrel in the embodiment described above.
  • the mountain side / outside protruding end of the mandrel corresponds with the correspondingly far in front of the connection profile ending anchor. It is provided on the outside of the mandrel end opposite to the thread of the armature thread.
  • connection of the mandrel with the anchor end is achieved by a special nut / sleeve, which is provided with a continuous bore, which is provided at one end with a right-hand thread and at the other end with a left-hand thread.
  • the particular nut can therefore be bolted to the commonly threaded armature end or end of the extension rod and to the counter-threaded outside mandrel.
  • the shotcrete application is preferably preceded by priming the PE foam sheets.
  • Fig. 1 shows a mountain outbreak 1 in stable mountains. At regular intervals anchors have been introduced into the mountains. For this purpose, appropriate holes were drilled and anchors were fixed with mounting cement in the holes. From the anchors, the central axes 2 are shown.
  • the mountain outbreak 1 is used to produce a road tunnel.
  • a shotcrete expansion is planned, with the exiting water to be drained and insulation by ice formation is to be prevented.
  • the shotcrete construction consists roughly of a PE plastic foam layer 4 and a shotcrete layer 3.
  • the plastic foam layer is composed of webs, which in the Embodiment are laid exclusively in the circumferential direction, but lie in the tunnel longitudinal direction next to each other and complement each other to an insulation and sealing for tunnel construction. The webs do not overlap each other in a conventional manner at the circumferentially extending edges, but push the edges together.
  • To attach the foam layer or the expansion of the mountains serves a variety of anchors that have been introduced into the mountains.
  • the anchors are arranged so that at each joint between two web edges a row of anchors in the circumferential direction with the joint ideally lie in a plane. In practice, there are deviations from this level, the limits of which are shown in the expansion. If the deviation is too large, the wrong anchor can be cut and a new, better positioned anchor can be set.
  • the web edges For 3m wide foam sheeting, the web edges have a distance of 3m. It follows that the rows of anchors belonging to two adjacent joints also have a spacing of 3 m.
  • a further row of anchors extending in the tunnel circumferential direction is provided in the middle of the embodiment in the middle.
  • the distance between two circumferentially extending rows is therefore 1.5m.
  • the distance between two adjacent anchors is also 1.5m, unless special features of the tunnel require a shorter distance. Compared with the usual distances of 1.2 m to conventional construction, the larger distances result in a very small number of anchors per square meter.
  • connection profiles are provided with novel expansion attachment to the anchors to the associated anchor to a joint.
  • the attachment to the anchors between the joints takes place in the embodiment with known fasteners, as for example in the PCT / EP06 / 006358 shown and described.
  • an anchor 5 shown schematically in the drawing.
  • the armature 5 is connected to the protruding end of the mountains with a fastener 14.
  • the plastic foam layer 4 is applied.
  • On the foam layer side, which is opposite to the fastener 14 is a fastener 15.
  • the fasteners 14 and 15 clamp the foam layer 4 between them.
  • the fasteners carry a spacer 13 for a wire mesh 12.
  • the wire mesh 12 has two purposes. It serves to build up the shotcrete layer 3 by preventing it from falling off the concrete rebounding from the foam layer.
  • the wire mesh 12 forms a reinforcement for the shotcrete layer.
  • the anchors direct the weight of the shotcrete expansion into the mountains. After solidification of the shotcrete construction, the anchors form a solid composite of the expansion with the mountains.
  • Fig. 5 shows a possible honeycomb 43 for the in Fig. 2 illustrated wire mesh / wire cloth 12.
  • Other embodiments show, for example, simple grid shapes.
  • Fig. 4 shows a spacer 40 for the positioning of the wire mesh.
  • the spacer 40 is pressed with another nut against the nut 25.
  • the spacer 40 has various arms to which the wire mesh 43 can be hooked. In the embodiment, seven arms are provided. But there are also known spacers, which have only four arms.
  • the Fig. 6.7 . 8.11 . 12 show the attachment according to the invention of foam web edges in the plastic foam layer with connecting profiles 50.
  • connection profiles are curved in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. In the drawing, the curvature is not considered for illustrative reasons.
  • the length of the connection profiles is 3.20 m. In other embodiments, at least 1m, preferably at least 1.5m, even more preferably at least 2m, and most preferably at least 2.5m.
  • the connection profile are introduced according to the distance between different anchor holes. Depending on the embodiment, the distance is at least 0.8 m, preferably at least 1.1 m and even more preferably at least 1.4 m.
  • the connecting profile consists of sheet metal with a thickness of 2mm and has in cross-section a U-like shape with two outwardly bent free legs.
  • connection profile 50 engages in triangular cuts 58 on the foam surface of the web edges 56 and 57.
  • the cuts run parallel to the web edge.
  • the engagement in the cuts secures the web edges in the desired position on the connection profile 50.
  • Fig. 7a shows this in an enlargement.
  • Fig. 7b shows a variant for a connection profile.
  • the connection profile consists of a sheet 250, on the edges of bar profiles 251 are provided.
  • the bar profiles 251 have a round cross section.
  • the round cross section of each profile touches the foam web edge in the recess 58 at two points linear.
  • Fig. 11 shows that the webs are arranged in a preferred embodiment so that the web edges point with the cuts 58 to the mountain side.
  • Fig. 11a shows that the webs can be arranged in other embodiments so that the web edges with the cuts 58 point to the tunnel center.
  • the connecting profile also includes threaded rods that sit in holes of the connection profile 50 and are welded tightly to the connection profile.
  • the threaded rods protrude with one end 51 on the mountain side opposite to the connection profile 50 and with the other end 52 into the interior of the tunnel opposite the connection profile.
  • the mountain end is intended to be screwed to the anchor 55.
  • the screwing is done with threaded sleeves 54.
  • the threaded sleeves 54 have a through hole and are threaded at each end.
  • the anchor-side thread is provided with a normal thread corresponding to the anchor.
  • the connecting profile facing sleeve end is provided with an opposite thread.
  • connection profile 50 threaded rod The projecting into the interior of the tunnel end 60 of the seated in the connection profile 50 threaded rod is in turn provided with a standard thread 62.
  • the protruding into the tunnel interior end 60 of the seated in the connection profile 50 threaded rod is intended to pass through the foam layers, there a clamping means 52 and a spacer, then to receive a reinforcing grid for a shotcrete construction and a fastener.
  • the clamping device forms an abutment.
  • To the clamping means include parallel concrete bars 60, which are spaced by tabs 61. The distance is selected so that the Kunststoffschaumbahnr selected 56 and 57 is pressed in the region of the cuts 58 against the connecting profile 50.
  • the necessary clamping action is generated by nut 53.
  • the web edges 56 and 57 are closing together, so that there is no gap that can cause a cold bridge.
  • the compression of the Plastic Foil web edges 56 and 57 bounded by a spacer sleeve, not shown.
  • connection of the concrete bars 60 takes place in a different way.
  • the rods 255 are also concrete rods in the embodiment, but with a small thickness.
  • the rods 255 and the rods enclose an opening 256, with which the device can be pushed onto the end 60 of the projecting into the tunnel interior threaded rod and secured with a screw.
  • the transverse bars 255 are used to secure a shotcrete backsheet. Separate holders for the attachment of the shotcrete backfill can then be omitted.
  • Fig. 15 and 15a serves a conventional holder for shotcrete deposits at the same time as part of the abutment for the inventive compound of the web edges.
  • the holder consists of a ring 260 and various arms 261 which are welded to the ring.
  • the ring 260 of the holder is welded to the concrete bars 60.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 16 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a in that first a disc 265 is welded to the concrete bars 60 and then arms 266 are welded to the disc. This can be used to increase the distance to the foam layer. With the selection of a suitable pane thickness, a desired distance is achieved.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 17 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a characterized in that between the ring 260 and the concrete rods 60 is still provided an intermediate disc 263 to increase the distance.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 18 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a by a connection profile 250 instead of the connection profile 50.
  • the web edges 56 and 57 are provided with recesses 58 and engage the connection profiles in the recesses. In other embodiments, the web edges are without recesses.
  • Fig. 19 shows an embodiment of a compound of web edges 301 and 302 without recesses.
  • Connection profiles shown a sheet 300 as a connection profile application.
  • the sheet 300 extends in the embodiment in one piece over the tunnel walls and the tunnel ridges.
  • the sheet is penetrated by the anchors or their extension rods in the embodiment.
  • a mandrel or threaded rod extends from sheet 300 (as from the connection profile in the other embodiments) into the interior of the tunnel ,
  • a penetration of the foam layer is provided, so that an abutment and a holder for the shotcrete back-up on the projecting into the tunnel interior rod or mandrel can be attached.
  • connection region of the sheet 300 opposite abutment is equal to the abutment Fig. 16 ,
  • a multi-part design of the sheet is provided instead of the integrally extending over tunnel walls and tunnel trough sheet 300.
  • Fig. 25 shows an embodiment of a further connection of web edges 301 and 302 without recesses.
  • a connection profile 50 As it is in FIGS. 14 to 17 is shown.
  • the connecting profile 50 opposite abutment is designed differently. It has a plate 303, which extends in the embodiment as the sheet 300 in one piece over the tunnel walls and the tunnel ribs, but in other embodiments may be multi-piece.
  • a separate holder 304 is provided for attachment of a shotcrete back-up.
  • the holder 304 is secured with the abutment on projecting into the interior of the tunnel rod or mandrel by a screw.
  • Fig. 26 shows a connection of web edges extending from the compound Fig. 25 differs in that the connection profile 250 instead of the connection profile 50 applies.
  • Fig. 20 to 23 show an overlapping arrangement of the web edges instead of the butted configuration of the web edges.
  • the blunted arrangement involves optimum use of the sheeting. Nevertheless, overlapping arrangements may be useful in specific applications.
  • Fig. 20 is a mountain 290 provided on the mountain side at the overlap point.
  • the sheet serves as a connection profile. It sits like the previously discussed connection profiles on the anchors of the tunnel construction or on their extension rods or Dorn. Between the sheet 290 and an abutment, the clamping of the overlapping web edges is done.
  • the abutment is provided on the inside of the tunnel at the overlap area.
  • Fig. 20 is the tunnel inside abutment like in Fig. 16 educated.
  • the abutment also has arms that are intended for attachment of a shotcrete backfill.
  • Fig. 21 Figure 11 shows another interconnection of overlapping web edges extending from the connection Fig. 20 characterized in that instead of the sheet 290, a connection profile 250 is provided with rods 60. It also finds after Fig. 21 an abutment 254 application extending from the abutment Fig. 16 is distinguished by a smaller distance of extending in the direction of the connecting portion rods. The distance of these rods (from each other) is less than the distance of the rods of the connecting profile 250 from each other. As a result, the rods of the abutment and the rods of the dacasprofiles center each other. A comparable centering effect arises even if the rods of the abutment have a greater distance from each other than the bars of the dacasprofiles.
  • the bars of the connecting profiles exactly opposite the bars of the abutment and vice versa. In all embodiments, but can also work with different distances of the rods.
  • FIG. 22 Figure 11 shows the connection of overlapping sheet edges 280 and 281 where the overlap amount is so small that one joint profile 250 can only lie on the overlap region with one rod 60, while the other rod of the joint profile 250 bears on the web edge 280.
  • an abutment 257 is provided, which consists of the same rods 60 and connecting plates between the rods as in other embodiments. At the same time, the abutment 257 is arranged so that the bars of the connecting profile and the abutment are exactly opposite each other.
  • a holder function is provided on the abutment 257. That is, on the abutment 257 arms are provided, which like the arms on the abutments to FIGS. 20 and 21 used to attach the shotcrete back.
  • Fig. 23 shows a connection profile 258, which corresponds to a connecting profile 250, and cooperates with an abutment 259 which the abutment to Fig. 16 equivalent.
  • the connection profile 258 and the abutment are exactly opposite each other at an overlapping area of two web edges 310 and 311.
  • the overlap region differs from the overlap region of another embodiment in that at the same time there is a collision of the web edges and an overlap. This is done by stepped web edges, which interlock.
  • Fig. 24 shows two web edges 312 and 313 with pure overlap as in FIG Fig. 21 to 23 , Unlike the Fig. 21 to 23 However, the overlap region is spanned by a connection profile 314 and the connection profile 314 exactly opposite abutment 315 is provided, which equally spans the overlap area.
  • the embodiment according to Fig. 25 shows an overlap of web edges 280 and 281, which are clamped between a connecting profile 320 and an abutment 321.
  • the overlap area is spanned and at the same time there is a load on the overlapping area.
  • the connection profile is provided with three rods arranged parallel to one another, of which two rods are arranged on both sides of the overlapping region, a central rod rests on the overlap region.
  • the abutment 321 is the connection profile exactly opposite and equally has three rods, which are exactly opposite the relevant bars of the connection profile.
  • the abutment has a holder function as the abutment Fig. 23 ,
  • Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment with a connecting profile 50 and a relation to the previously described embodiment deviating connection with the anchor.
  • the connection profile 50 is clamped between a nut 85 and a sleeve 82.
  • the sleeve 82 has two threaded holes formed as blind holes.
  • the mountain-side blind hole sits a threaded rod 80, the diameter and thread of the threaded rod end 51 after Fig. 12 corresponds and which is to be connected via the sleeve 54 with the armature 55.
  • a threaded rod / mandrel 81 is seated in the threaded hole pointing towards the inside of the tunnel.
  • the threaded rod / mandrel 81 has the same diameter and the same thread as also the same tasks as the threaded rod end 60 Fig. 12 ,
  • the sleeve 82 has connection profile side a collar 83rd Between the collar 83 and the connecting profile 50, a seal 84 is provided. The sleeve 82 is pressed with the collar 83 and the seal 84 against the connection profile. The pressing pressure arises because on the threaded rod 80 at the same time a nut 85 is seated. The pressing pressure is adjusted by turning the nut 85 and / or by turning the sleeve 82.
  • the connection is dense, because this compound is an application of in the PCT / EP06 / 006358 provided blind hole principle includes. The over the threads of the threaded rod 80 penetrating mountain water ends in the associated blind hole.
  • the construction has the advantage that the anchor 55 can be driven by the correspondingly wide holes in the connection profile 50 in the anchor holes in the mountains.
  • the anchors must then no longer run parallel, but can differ greatly from each other. This is conducive to the rigidity of the connection of the expansion with the mountains.
  • Fig. 3 shows yet another embodiment.
  • a rock bolt 150 is connected via a sleeve 160 to an extension rod 170.
  • the rock anchor and the sleeve are designed as threaded rods.
  • the rock anchor has a common thread, while the extension rod has an opposite thread on the sleeve-side end.
  • the sleeve 160 is provided with a through hole for the armature and
  • the extension rod is also provided on the anchor side with a standard thread and extension rod side with an opposite thread, so that the extension rod and the armature can be connected by a sleeve rotation and solved by an opposite sleeve end rotation from each other.
  • the extension rod 170 also cooperates with a connection profile 190.
  • the connection profile 190 has a welded-on sleeve 180. In the sleeve 180 and the connection profile 190, a through-threaded hole is provided.
  • the extension rod 1709 is screwed to the sleeve 180, at the opposite end a further mandrel-like threaded rod 120 is screwed.
  • the further threaded rod 120 has the same task as the mandrel / threaded rod 51 after Fig. 6 ,
  • a seal 181 is provided between the extension rod 170 and the threaded rod in the sleeve 180 to prevent leakage flow passing through the sleeve.
  • two internally threaded blind holes are provided in the sleeve instead of the continuous threaded bore. Due to the blind holes a leakage flow in the sleeve is also excluded.
  • the extension rod 170 is secured in the sleeve 180 by a lock nut 110.
  • the same fuse is provided on the threaded rod / mandrel 120.
  • connection profile 50 anchor 50 When mounting it is not necessary that during the laying of the plastic foam sheets is drilled.
  • the holes for the corresponding with the connection profile 50 anchor 50 can be introduced in advance for laying together with the other anchor holes in the mountains. Complex measurements are omitted when working with a template, which is held by the drilling robot at the location that is planned for the relevant connection profile.
  • connection profile 50 is to be supplemented with other connection profiles to a removal bow. This results in overlapping joints, as in Fig. 9 shown by two profiles 70 and 71 are shown.
  • the slope is visible, which consists of a round tunnel cross-section from the ridge to the tunnel sole.
  • the mountain water should drain outside on the expansion.
  • the lower ends of the upper profiles 70 overlap the upper ends of the lower profiles 71 on the outside.
  • the plastic foam webs not only run in the tunnel circumferential direction. It may also be additionally provided that run in the ridge area or on the side walls of plastic foam sheets in the tunnel longitudinal direction. In the connection profiles, which then run in the tunnel longitudinal direction, the same overlap in the direction of fall as after Fig. 9 intended.
  • connection profiles which run in the tunnel circumferential direction come to connection profiles which extend in the tunnel longitudinal direction
  • a connecting cross is provided in further embodiments.
  • the cross is in Fig. 10 shown. It has four connecting ends 75 with the same cross-section as the abutting connecting profiles and can, as needed, reach under an upper end 75 under the lower end of an upper connecting profile 50 or with a lower end 75 over the upper end of a lower connecting profile 50. This applies mutatis mutandis to the interaction with the running in the tunnel longitudinal direction and in the direction of the tunnel further connection profiles.
  • a fast-binding cement milk is first sprayed thinly onto the foam layer and grid.
  • the dried cement slurry forms an advantageous primer for a subsequent application of shotcrete.
  • the shotcrete is applied in layers, starting at the tunnel sole.
  • the tunnel runs horizontally, so that the shotcrete is laid in horizontal layers, which are superimposed from bottom to top of the foam layer.
  • the layers have a width which corresponds to the desired shotcrete layer thickness. In other embodiments, a smaller width of the layers is provided, so that first a first shotcrete layer is applied to the foam layer, which completely covers the foam layer. Thereafter, another shotcrete layer is applied, which completely covers the previously discussed shotcrete layer. This is repeated until the desired thickness of the shotcrete layer is reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
EP12005838.3A 2011-11-16 2012-08-12 Démontage pour le domaine du BTP et du génie civil Withdrawn EP2594736A1 (fr)

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DE102011118625 2011-11-16
DE102012012522A DE102012012522A1 (de) 2011-11-16 2012-06-26 Ausbau im Hoch- und Tiefbau

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CN112691960A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-23 中建中新建设工程有限公司 一种清理预埋线盒填充物的装置
CN113482674A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2021-10-08 中电建铁路建设投资集团有限公司 一种隧道防水布挂装专用固定装置及方法

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DE102015102431A1 (de) * 2015-02-20 2016-08-25 Ludwig Meese Haltekörper
CN107255035B (zh) * 2017-06-27 2023-08-18 中铁十一局集团第四工程有限公司 一种挤压型软弱围岩超大断面隧道支护体系及其施工方法
CN114294016B (zh) * 2021-12-29 2024-03-15 国网北京市电力公司 电缆隧道用加固装置、制作方法及电缆隧道组件

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DE20217044U1 (de) 2002-11-05 2003-06-26 Mohr, Peter, 81825 München Schutzschicht aus zweilagigem Vlies mit innenliegenden Schweißflächen
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CH593416A5 (en) * 1975-07-01 1977-11-30 Sarna Kunststoff Ag Multiple tunnel lining system - has bolts embedded in concrete lining, with magnetic tops and adhesive, for attaching waterproof foil
DE3244000C2 (fr) 1982-11-27 1989-06-29 Niederberg-Chemie Gmbh, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn, De
DE8632994U1 (de) 1986-12-09 1987-02-05 Niederberg-Chemie GmbH, 4133 Neukirchen-Vluyn Rondelle
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DE69010067T2 (de) 1989-04-28 1994-10-13 Trevi Spa Verfahren und Gerät zum Herstellen von Tunneln.
DE69006589T2 (de) 1990-01-03 1994-06-23 Strong Systems Inc Verfahren zum Sanieren von Schächten durch Auskleiden.
DE69118723T2 (de) 1990-01-26 1996-11-28 Alh Syst Ltd Zementzusammensetzung und die Herstellung von Beton daraus
DE4100902A1 (de) 1990-02-26 1991-08-29 Huels Troisdorf Verfahren zum befestigen von folien oder bahnen zu abdichtungszwecken an einem untergrund
DE69122267T2 (de) 1991-01-08 1997-03-06 Basel Sandoz Ltd. Verfahren zum beimischen von zuschlagstoffen in eine versprühte betonmasse und wirkstoff zur anwendung des verfahrens
DE69418316T2 (de) 1993-02-25 1999-09-30 Svensk Glasatervinning Ab, Hammar Verfahren zur herstellung von beton
DE69407418T2 (de) 1993-07-29 1998-05-14 Lafarge Sa ERSTARRUNGS- UND HäRTUNGSBESCHLEUNIGER FüR SILIKATISCHE HYDRAULISCHE BINDEMITTEL
DE69403183T2 (de) 1993-12-06 1997-10-09 Sika Ag Verfahren zur Abbindungs- und Erhärtungsbeschleunigung einem eines hydraulische Bindemittel enthaltenden Material, Abbindungs- und Erhärtungsbeschleuniger und Verwendung einer Zusammensetzung zur Abbindungs- und Erhärtungsbeschleunigung
DE19519595A1 (de) 1995-05-29 1996-12-05 Niedlich Thorsten Verfahren zur Befestigung von Bahnen oder Platten für Abdichtungs- und Schutzzwecke an einem Untergrund im Ingenieur-, Tief-Wasser- und Tunnelbau
DE19652811A1 (de) 1995-12-27 1997-07-03 Sandoz Ag Verfahren und Einrichtung zum Beschichten von Tunnelinnenwänden mit Spritzbeton
GB2325946A (en) * 1996-04-11 1998-12-09 Oersta Staalindustri Sealing tunnel linings
DE69721121T2 (de) 1996-05-13 2003-12-24 Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Beschleunigungsmittel, Sprühmaterial und Verfahren das dieses Material verwendet
DE69718705T2 (de) 1996-06-14 2004-03-25 Mbt Holding Ag Zusatz für Spritzbeton
DE69700205T2 (de) 1996-07-17 1999-09-30 Italcementi S.P.A., Bergamo Schnellhärtender Zement, der Klinker auf der Basis von mit Kalk gemischtem Kalziumfluoraluminat enthält
DE29724212U1 (de) 1996-08-16 2000-08-03 TACHUS GMBH, 80336 München Vorrichtung im Tunnelbau
DE19650330A1 (de) 1996-08-16 1998-02-19 Johannes Junior Verfahren und Vorrichtung im Tunnelbau
DE69701890T2 (de) 1996-09-19 2000-10-05 Eka Chemicals Ab, Bohus Verfahren zur herstellung einer abbindenden zusammensetzung
DE69801995T2 (de) 1997-04-30 2002-04-04 Ineos Silicas Ltd., Warrington Wässrige silikatlösung und füllstoff enthaltende suspensionen mit hoher lagerstabilität
DE19819660A1 (de) 1997-05-27 1998-12-03 Walter Prof Dr Lukas Spritzdüse und Verfahren zum Trockenspritzen von Spritzbeton
DE29710362U1 (de) 1997-06-13 1997-08-14 Ed. Züblin AG, 70567 Stuttgart Vorrichtung zum Betonieren von bewehrten Decken, speziell Gewölben von Tunneln
DE19733029C2 (de) 1997-07-31 2002-03-28 Ludwig Pfeiffer Verfahren zur Sanierung einer Rohrleitung, insbesondere für den Tiefbau
DE29718950U1 (de) 1997-10-24 1998-01-02 Eber, Friedhelm, 45701 Herten Spritzdüse zum Ausblasen von fertigen Gemischen, wie Spritzbeton, Spritzmörtel, Schaumbeton, Schaummörtel o.dgl.
DE19746958C1 (de) 1997-10-24 1999-06-17 Friedhelm Eber Vorrichtung zur Herstellung eines Feststoff-Luft-Flüssigkeitsgemisches, insbesondere zur Herstellung von Spritzmörtel oder dergleichen
DE19754446A1 (de) 1997-12-08 1999-06-10 Dyckerhoff Ag Spritzbindemittel und dessen Verwendung
DE29824278U1 (de) 1997-12-08 2000-09-21 Dyckerhoff AG, 65203 Wiesbaden Spritzbindemittel
DE29824292U1 (de) 1997-12-08 2000-10-26 Dyckerhoff AG, 65203 Wiesbaden Spritzbeton
DE69910173T2 (de) 1998-01-14 2004-06-17 SI Corp. Fasern mit verbesserter sinusform, damit bewehrter beton und entsprechendes verfahren
DE19819148C1 (de) 1998-04-24 1999-12-16 Mannesmann Ag Faser zur Verstärkung gießbarer aushärtender Werkstoffe sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zu deren Herstellung
DE29812769U1 (de) 1998-07-17 1998-11-12 Hanisch, Wolfgang, 02826 Görlitz Anhängefahrzeug, insbesondere an Personenkraftwagen, für Werbung und Information
DE19838710C2 (de) 1998-08-26 2002-03-21 Spritzbeton Stuttgart Gmbh & C Verfahren zur Herstellung spritzfertigen Spritzbetons
DE29818934U1 (de) 1998-10-23 2000-02-24 Tepe Maschinen-, Anlagen- und Industrieanlagenbau GmbH, 99706 Sondershausen Vorrichtung zur Herstellung gebrauchsfertiger Mischungen aus Schüttgut
DE19851913A1 (de) 1998-11-11 2000-05-25 Rombold & Gfroehrer Gmbh & Co Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen eines Spritzbetons oder Spritzmörtels
DE19854476A1 (de) 1998-11-25 2000-05-31 Dyckerhoff Ag Hydraulische Bindemittelzusammensetzung sowie deren Verwendung
DE19854476C2 (de) 1998-11-25 2002-04-11 Dyckerhoff Ag Sulfatträgerfreie hydraulische Bindemittelzusammensetzung sowie deren Verwendung
DE29825081U1 (de) 1998-11-25 2004-09-09 Dyckerhoff Ag Schnellsterstarrende hydraulische Bindemittelzusammensetzung
DE60001390T2 (de) 1999-03-02 2003-12-11 Italcementi S.P.A., Bergamo Schnellhärtender zement enthaltend kalk und aluminate
DE60010252T2 (de) 2000-08-08 2004-08-26 Denki Kagaku Kogyo K.K. Beschleunigungsmittel, Spritzmaterial und seine Verwendung in einem Spritzverfahren
DE10245470A1 (de) * 2002-09-28 2004-04-08 Fagerdala World Foams Ab Wärmeisolierung aus Kunststoffschaum
DE20217044U1 (de) 2002-11-05 2003-06-26 Mohr, Peter, 81825 München Schutzschicht aus zweilagigem Vlies mit innenliegenden Schweißflächen
EP1950375A2 (fr) 2005-07-09 2008-07-30 Skumtech AS Soutenement dans les superstructures at des infrastructures
DK200800065U3 (da) * 2008-04-09 2008-06-27 Skumtech As Konstruktion til bygningsanlæg
DE102008046055A1 (de) * 2008-09-08 2010-03-11 Skumtech As Tunnelausbau mit Wärmeisolierung und Spritzbeton
DE102009016153A1 (de) * 2009-04-05 2010-10-07 Skumtech As Befestiger im Ausbau unterirdischer Räume

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112691960A (zh) * 2020-12-03 2021-04-23 中建中新建设工程有限公司 一种清理预埋线盒填充物的装置
CN113482674A (zh) * 2021-08-17 2021-10-08 中电建铁路建设投资集团有限公司 一种隧道防水布挂装专用固定装置及方法

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