EP2594736A1 - Building and civil engineering structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The device has a seal designed as a polyethylene-plastic foam layer (4), and an anchor formed in stable mountain. The foam layer is fastened to the anchor by fasteners, where the fasteners are arranged at outer and inner sides of the foam layer, respectively. A sprayed concrete layer (3) is formed at the inner side of the foam layer. The foam layer is formed from channels, where channel edges are connected with connection profiles in a sealing manner. The channel edges lie in an overlapping manner in a connection area and run in a circumferential direction of a tunnel.

Description

The invention relates to an expansion in civil engineering, in particular an expansion of underground spaces such as tunnels and tunnels or pipelines in stable mountains.

Fasteners are frequently used in tunnel construction. There is a distinction between the tunnels in stable mountains and unstable mountains. A stable mountain does not collapse after the tunnel eruption. In contrast, in a non-stable mountains, a sustainable development of the tunnel is required, which partially absorbs the weight of the mountain. In non-stable mountains, both a steel construction and a concrete construction is common. It can also find combinations of steel and concrete application. The concrete construction can usually be made at the construction site. There are also concrete panels usual, which are manufactured in the factory and transported to the site.

In sturdy mountains eliminates the strength problem.
There remains the problem of how to protect against falling stones. The problem is usually solved with shotcrete. In the process, concrete is sprayed against the mountain eruption, which hardens there and forms a protective skin.

Another problem is leaking mountain water.
In winter, the water freezes. There is a danger of falling ice masses. This danger is usually met with a film seal. Depending on the thickness of the film is also spoken by webs. In part, there is also the name membrane.

The foil seal dissipates the water. At the same time a freezing of the water is prevented with a thermal insulation.

The film seal is composed of film webs.
The film webs are laid overlapping at the mountain outbreak, so that the film edges can then be welded together. Preferably, a double seam is produced during welding. There are two welds next to each other. The gap can be pressurized with air pressure. When the gap is closed, a sufficient sealing effect can be assumed if the pressure drop in the intermediate space does not exceed certain limits over a certain period of time.

The attachment of the film takes place in different ways.
With low strength requirements has in the past enforced a film attachment with a trained as a rondelle fastener made of plastic. The rondelle is nailed or shot to the mountains or to a first shotcrete layer applied. When shooting the roundels are not hit with a hammer or the like in the mountains, but driven by a blasting cartridge in the mountains or in the first applied shotcrete layer.

The known roundels are for example in the DE-3244000C1 . DE4100902A1 . DE19519595A1 . DE8632994.4U1 . DE8701969.8U1 . DE20217044U1 shown and described. The known roundels have been welded to the film. Rondelles with a predetermined breaking point were considered to be particularly favorable. The rondels should break at a load on the film at the predetermined breaking point. The strength of the predetermined breaking point is significantly lower than the film strength. This will cause the rondelle to break first if excessive tension is applied to the foil. That is, the film seal will remain intact upon excessive pull in the film while the disk ruptures.

However, the plastic rondels are only suitable if low forces arise during the attachment of the films and subsequent application of shotcrete.

However, especially in tunnels high forces occur. In railway tunnels, the passing trains generate an extreme air pressure and then an extreme induced draft. The pressures act on extremely large areas, so that total pressures arise, which requires a sufficiently strong connection of the tunnel construction with the mountains. The pressures depend on the speed of the trains. High-speed trains once again increase the pressures many times over normal railways.
The same applies to motor vehicle tunnels.

At such load, steel rondelles have prevailed as fasteners, which are held with anchors in the mountains.

The known roundels have a diameter of about 150 mm and a thickness of 3 to 4 millimeters. Such rondels have great strength.
The known anchors have diameters of 12 or 14 or 16 or 20mm. They are preferably made of stainless steel and are profiled on the mountain side to develop a high tensile strength in the mountains. For the anchor corresponding holes are introduced into the mountains. Subsequently, the anchors are fixed with a mounting cement or other suitable mounting means in the holes.
Such anchors, unlike the known nail construction, can absorb really large forces. The loads are directed to the mountains. With the anchors, it is therefore possible to build a tunnel that can withstand the stresses of passing trains and passing vehicles.
At the free end, the anchors are usually provided with a thread, preferably corresponding to the diameter with metric thread M12 or M 14 or M16 or M20. At the thread-side end the steel rondels are held between two screws. The screws allow adjustment of the rondels on the anchor.

The anchors are usually so long that they protrude beyond the steel rondels out into the tunnel. This serves to attach a wire grid as a retention during injection of the concrete and to stiffen the tunnel lining by connecting to the mountains.

When spraying concrete against a film there is a risk that the film throws off the concrete or the concrete does not adhere to the film. Then it is expedient to provide at a distance in front of the film, a wire mesh or the like, which prevents falling of the concrete.

The wire mesh also serves to reinforce the shotcrete layer.

On the anchor, a spacer for the wire mesh can be mounted. Known spacers are star-shaped provided with rods to support the wire mesh as large as possible.

In the known construction pierce the anchor the film.
The film is then clamped between the steel rondels.
Of the two rondels is a rondelle on the outside of the film seal and the other Rondelle inside the film seal.

In practice, it can be seen that the mountain water runs along the anchors. As a result, the anchors and the rondelles are subject to corresponding water pollution. Of the EP 1950375 is based on the finding that the water penetrates through the screw thread of rondelles and anchors. The water then also passes through the opening formed in the film. There are leaks. Even a dropwise leakage leads to significant amounts of water in a corresponding time. The water can escape at the inside of the tunnel. In winter, the invading water freezes. It forms icicles, which fall at the latest when entering thaw and a form a serious risk of accident. In addition, the ice can cause significant destruction of the tunnel.

In order to prevent the ingress of water on the thread of the Rondelle, it is known to insert a rubber ring in the passage opening of the Rondelle. However, the rubber ring has only a very limited effect, because he can not reach sufficiently into the threads of the anchor. Although it is known to provide the rubber ring on the thread side with knobs that should better grip between the threads than a smooth ring. However, this still does not cause sufficient seal.

Moreover, it is known to provide the inside of the tunnel with insulation to prevent ice formation. As insulation, a multilayer film made of PE foam is common. The foam film is also used as a sealing film. The foam film is usually supplied as a pre-assembled film webs for tunneling.
It has even proven to abstain from welding the film web edges as in a non-foamed film. Instead, the foam film webs are laid overlapping only at the edge.

• Ausbau für den Hoch und Tiefbau, insbesondere Tunnelausbau oder Ausbau von Stollen im standfesten Gebirge,
  insbesondere mit einer Isolierung und Abdichtung in Form einer Kunststoffschaumschicht,
  wobei Anker verwendet werden, die in das standfeste Gebirge eingebracht werden,
  wobei die Schaumschicht mittels Befestigern an den Ankern gehalten wird,
  wobei die Schaumschicht zwischen den Befestigern eingespannt wird, von denen der eine außenseitig an der Schaumschicht und der andere innenseitig an der Schaumschicht angeordnet ist,
  wobei der außenseitige Befestiger eine Verbindung mit dem Anker hat, und innenseitig an der Schaumschicht eine Spritzbetonschicht aufgebaut wird,
  wobei die Kunststoffschaumschicht aus Bahnen zusammengesetzt ist und die Bahnenränder mit Verbindungsprofilen dichtend gehalten sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Verbindungsprofile zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder zugleich ganz oder teilweise die Befestiger auf den Ankern bilden und/oder teilweise Abstandshalter für Spritzbetonrücklagen oder teilweise die Spritzbetonrücklage bilden und/oder den Verbindungsprofilen Widerlager auf den Ankern zugeordnet sind.
• Ausbau unter Verwendung von Verbindungsprofilen für die Einspannung der Bahnenränder, welche in Vertiefungen der Schaumschicht und/oder an Erhebungen der Schaumschicht greifen.
• Ausbau mit ganz oder teilweise vorbereiteten Erhebungen und /oder Vertiefungen an der Schaumschicht zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Verbindungsprofile zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder in den Kunststoffschaum eingedrückt sind, so daß die Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen ganz oder teilweise durch die Verbindungsprofile verursacht sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Verbindungsprofile zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder in teilweise vorbereitete Vertiefungen des Kunststoffschaumes eingedrückt sind und an teilweise vorbereitete Erhebungen in den Kunststoffschaum angreifen, so daß die Endform der Erhebungen und Vertiefungen teilweise durch die Verbindungsprofile verursacht sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem die bei der Einspannung der Bahnenränder durch Vertiefungen und Erhebungen oder in sonstiger Weise, insbesondere durch bloße Andrückung, entstehenden Dichtlinien entlang dem Bahnenrand, vorzugsweise parallel zum Bahnenrand verlaufen und einen Abstand von mindestens 10mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 20mm und höchst bevorzugt mindestens 30mm zum Bahnenrand aufweisen.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Bahnenränder im Verbindungsbereich überlappend liegen.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Bahnränder im Verbindungsbereich stumpf gestoßen sind.
• Ausbau unter Verwendung von
  1. a)Verbindungsprofilen und/oder Widerlagern zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder mit einer Breite von 30 bis 200mm, vorzugsweise einer Breite von 40 bis 150 mm und höchst bevorzugt einer Breite von 50 bis 100 mm oder
  2. b)Verbindungsprofilen und/oder Widerlagern zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die sich aus Blechen und/oder aus Profilstäben, insbesondere Stangen zusammensetzen oder
  3. c)Verbindungsprofilen und/oder Widerlagern zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die sich aus Gitterabschnitten oder Gittermatten zusammensetzen
  4. d)Verbindungsprofilen und/oder Widerlagern zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die mit Armen im Verbindungsbereich gegen die Bahnenränder drücken.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Bahnenränder in Umfangsrichtung des Tunnels verlaufen.
• Ausbau, bei dem die in Umfangsrichtung verlaufenden Verbindungsprofile und/oder Widerlager an den Bahnenrändern einen einteiligen oder mehrteiligen Ausbaubogen bilden, der sich vorzugsweise über die gesamte Länge des Verbindungsbereiches erstreckt.
• Ausbau, bei dem die zur Einspannung vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile sich in Tunnel-Umfangsrichtung an den Enden überlappen, wobei die unteren Enden der oberen Verbindungsprofile über den oberen Enden der unteren Verbindungsprofile liegen und/oder Widerlager mit Armen vorgesehen sind, von denen die im Verbindungsbereich der Bahnenränder liegenden Arme so lang ausgebildet sind, daß eine geschlossene Dichtlinie entsteht.
• Ausbau, bei dem die zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile und/oder die Widerlager im Verbindungsbereich von in Tunnellängsrichtung verlaufenden Bahnenrändern ein einteiliges oder mehrteiliges Ausbauteil bilden.
• Ausbau mit Verbindungsprofilen zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die sich in Tunnellängsrichtung bei Tunnelgefälle an den Enden überlappen, wobei die unteren Enden der oberen Verbindungsprofile über den oberen Enden der unteren Verbindungsprofile liegen.
• Ausbau, bei dem an den Stellen, an denen die Tunnelumfangsrichtung verlaufenden und zur Einspannung von Bahnenrändern vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile an in Tunnellängsrichtung verlaufende und gleichfalls zur Einspannung von anderen Bahnenrändern vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile stoßen, ein Verbindungskreuz vorgesehen ist, wobei das Verbindungskreuz an den zu verbindenden Enden den gleichen Querschnitt wie die Verbindungsprofile besitzt.
• Ausbau mit gerade oder gekrümmt verlaufende Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen und/oder Erhebungen mit eckigem und/oder rundem Querschnitt, vorzugsweise durch Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen mit dreieckigem Querschnitt zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, wobei die Erhebungen und Vertiefungen in Bezug auf die Dicke der Kunststoffschaumschicht ein Tiefenmaß oder Höhenmaß aufweist, welches gleich 20%, vorzugsweise mindestens 30% und noch weiter bevorzugt mindestens 40% des Dickenmaßes beträgt.
• Ausbau mit im Querschnitt eckigen Erhebungen zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die mit im Querschnitt runden Vertiefungen korrespondieren und umgekehrt.
• Ausbau mit Erhebungen und/oder Vertiefungen zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder, die entlang dem Stoß der Bahnenränder verlaufen.
• Ausbau mit Verbindungsprofilen und/oder Widerlagern zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder aus geradem oder geformtem Blech und/oder aus geraden oder geformten Profilstäben und/oder aus geradem oder geformtem Draht und/oder aus Gittermaterial, wobei die Profilstäbe vorzugsweise zu mehreren miteinander verbunden sind, noch weiter bevorzugt wobei die Profilstäbe durch Verbindungsbleche oder Verbindungsstege miteinander verbunden sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Bahnenränder des Kunststoffschaumes zwischen Profilstäben und/oder Draht und/oder Gittermaterial auf der einen Seite und Blech auf der anderen Seite eingespannt sind, wobei
  1. a)Erhebungen auf der einen Seite genau gegenüber Erhebungen auf der anderen Seite liegen können,
  2. b)Erhebungen auf der einen Seite versetzt zu Erhebungen auf der anderen Seite angeordnet sein können
  3. c)Erhebungen auf der einen Seite eine Fläche ohne Erhebungen und ohne Vertiefungen gegenüberliegen können.
• Ausbau unter Verwendung von Blechen zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder mit einer Dicke von 0,5 bis 4 mm, vorzugsweise von 1 bis 3mm, noch weiter bevorzugt 1,5 bis 2,5mm
  und/oder
  mit einer Länge von mindestens 1m, vorzugsweise einer Länge von mindestens 1,5m, noch weiter bevorzugt mit einer Länge von mindestens 2m und höchst bevorzugt mit einer Länge von mindestens 2,5m.
  und/oder
  mit Erhebungen und Vertiefungen, welche vorzugsweise durch Einfaltungen oder Auffaltungen des Bleches gebildet werden, noch weiter bevorzugt mit Abwinkelungen am seitlichen Rand, wobei durch die Abwinkelung ein Neigungswinkel von 30 bis 90 Grad entsteht, und/oder
  durch Verwendung von Profilstäben für die Einspannung der Bahnenränder mit einem Durchmesser von mindestens 6mm, vorzugsweise mindestens 8mm und noch weiter bevorzugt mindestens 10mm,
  und vorzugsweise mit Profilstäben aus Rundmaterial und/oder
  mit Ankerabständen in Umfangsrichtung des Tunnels von mindestens 0,8m, vorzugsweise von mindestens 1,1m, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 1,4m,
  wobei die Ankerabstände in Längsrichtung des Tunnels mindestens 1m, vorzugsweise mindestens 1,4m, noch weiter bevorzugt mindestens 1,7m betragen.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Verbindungsprofile zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder ganz oder teilweise aus Metall, vorzugsweise Stahl, oder ganz oder teilweise aus Kunststoff, vorzugsweise mit Faserarmierung, oder ganz oder teilweise aus einem Verbundmaterial bestehen.
• Ausbau, bei dem zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder mindestens 3, vorzugsweise mindestens 4 und noch weiter bevorzugt mindestens 5 Ausbauprofile zu einem Ausbaubogen zusammengesetzt sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem an einer Stoßstelle zweier Bahnenränder eine Reihe von Ankerbohrungen und Anker im Gebirge vorgesehen sind und die zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile mit diesen Ankern unmittelbar oder über Verlängerungsstangen verbunden sind, wobei die Verlängerungsstangen vorzugsweise über Gewindehülsen mit den Ankern verbunden sind, deren Gewindebohrungen mit einem Außengewinde an den Ankerenden und einem Außengewinde am Ende der Verlängerungsstange korrespondieren,
  insbesondere mit Gewindehülsen, welche mit zwei gegenläufigen, miteinander fluchtenden Gewindebohrungen versehen sind und mit gegenläufigen Gewinden am Ankerende und am Ende der Verlängerungsstange korrespondieren, so daß die Gewindehülse durch Drehung zugleich mit dem Ankerende und dem Ende der Verlängerungsstange verbindbar ist.
• Ausbau, bei dem mehrere Ankerbohrungen und Anker parallel zueinander im Gebirge angeordnet sind, soweit die Anker mit einem zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenen gemeinsamen Verbindungsprofil zusammenwirken.
• Ausbau, bei dem die als Bleche ausgebildeten und für die Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofile gebirgsseitig am Ausbau angeordnet sind und die korrespondierenden Profilstäbe oder Drähte oder Gitter innenseitig am Ausbau angeordnet sind.
• Ausbau, bei dem das zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehene Verbindungsprofil gebirgsseitig mit einer Hülse verschweißt oder verschraubt ist und daß die Hülse das Ende eines Ankers oder das Ende einer Verlängerungsstange dichtend aufnehmen oder daß der Anker oder die Verlängerungsstange unmittelbar mit dem Verbindungsprofil verschweißt oder verschraubt ist.
• Ausbau, bei dem die Verlängerungsstange in dem zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenen Verbindungsprofil verschraubt ist, wobei gebirgsseitig wie auch tunnelinnenseitig ein Spannmittel, vorzugsweise eine Schraubenmutter, vorgesehen ist, so daß eine Einspannung beiderseits des Verbindungsprofils vorgesehen ist, wobei vorzugsweise die Einspannung mittelbar mit einer Hülse erfolgt, die an dem Verbindungsprofil vorgesehen ist und die Gewindestange in einem Sackloch aufnimmt, das mit einem Gewinde versehen ist und gegen das Verbindungsprofil verspannt werden kann,
  noch weiter bevorzugt, wobei die Hülse mit einem Kragen eine Dichtung gegen das Verbindungsprofil drückt und
  wobei die Hülse tunnelinnenseitig mit einer weiteren Gewindestange versehen ist, die zur Aufnahme der Profilstäbe, Stangen, Drähte oder Gitter zur Einspannung der Schaumschicht bestimmt ist.
• Ausbau, bei dem ein zur Einspannung der Bahnenränder vorgesehenes Verbindungsprofil mit offenen Löchern versehen ist, so daß das Verbindungsprofil auf die Ankerenden oder auf die Verlängerungsstangen geschoben werden kann oder die Anker durch die offenen Löcher in dem Verbindungsprofil in die Ankerbohrungen im Gebirge gedrückt werden können,
  wobei eine beidseitige Einspannung des Verbindungsprofils zwischen Spannmitteln auf den Ankerenden oder der Verlängerungsstange vorgesehen ist.
• Ausbau, bei dem das tunnelinnenseitige Spannmittel für die Einspannung der Bahnenränder durch ein Gitter oder durch Betonstahlstäbe gebildet wird, vorzugsweise durch parallel zueinander und parallel zur Längsrichtung der Verbindungsprofile verlaufende Stäbe gebildet wird, die durch Laschen miteinander verbunden sind und mit Schraubenmuttern verspannt werden.
• Ausbau unter Verwendung von PE-Schaum mit einem Raumgewicht von 30kg pro Kubikmeter plus/minus 30%, vorzugsweise plus/minus 20% und noch weiter bevorzugt plus/minus 10%, vorzugsweise mit einer Dicke von mindestens 40mm, noch weiter bevorzugt von mindestens 70mm, und höchst bevorzugt von mindestens 100mm.
• Ausbau unter Verwendung von vernetztem PE-Schaum.

The object of the invention has been found to improve the tunnel lining with plastic foam film. According to the invention, this is achieved with the features of the claims.
Important features are in particular:

• Expansion for civil engineering, especially tunnel construction or removal of tunnels in stable mountains,
  in particular with insulation and sealing in the form of a plastic foam layer,
  using anchors that are placed in the stable mountain,
  wherein the foam layer is held by fasteners to the anchors,
  wherein the foam layer is clamped between the fasteners, one of which is arranged on the outside of the foam layer and the other on the inside of the foam layer,
  wherein the outside fastener has a connection with the anchor, and on the inside of the foam layer, a shotcrete layer is constructed,
  wherein the plastic foam layer is composed of webs and the web edges are sealingly held with connecting profiles.
• Expansion in which the connecting profiles for clamping the web edges at the same time completely or partially form the fasteners on the anchors and / or partially spacers for shotcrete deposits or partially form the shotcrete back and / or the connecting profiles abutment are assigned to the anchors.
• Expansion using connecting profiles for the clamping of the web edges, which engage in depressions of the foam layer and / or elevations of the foam layer.
• Removal with fully or partially prepared elevations and / or depressions on the foam layer for clamping the web edges.
• Expansion, in which the connecting profiles are pressed for clamping the web edges in the plastic foam, so that the elevations and / or depressions are wholly or partially caused by the connection profiles.
• Expansion, in which the connection profiles for clamping the web edges are pressed into partially prepared depressions of the plastic foam and attack on partially prepared elevations in the plastic foam, so that the final shape of the elevations and depressions are partly caused by the connection profiles.
• Expansion, in which in the clamping of the web edges by depressions and elevations or in any other way, in particular by mere pressing, resulting sealing lines along the web edge, preferably parallel to the web edge run and have a distance of at least 10mm, preferably at least 20mm and most preferably at least 30mm to the web edge.
• Expansion, in which the web edges are overlapping in the connection area.
• Expansion, in which the web edges are stumped in the connection area.
• Expansion using
  1. a) connecting profiles and / or abutments for clamping the web edges with a width of 30 to 200mm, preferably a width of 40 to 150 mm and most preferably a width of 50 to 100 mm or
  2. b) connection profiles and / or abutments for clamping the web edges, which are composed of sheets and / or profile bars, in particular rods or
  3. c) connecting profiles and / or abutments for clamping the web edges, which are composed of grid sections or grid mats
  4. d) connecting profiles and / or abutments for clamping the web edges, which press with arms in the connection area against the web edges.
• Expansion, in which the web edges run in the circumferential direction of the tunnel.
• Expansion, in which the extending in the circumferential direction of connection profiles and / or abutment on the web edges form a one-piece or multi-part expansion bow, which preferably extends over the entire length of the connection region.
• Removal in which the clamping profiles provided for clamping overlap in the tunnel circumferential direction at the ends, wherein the lower ends of the upper connecting profiles over the upper ends of the lower connecting profiles and / or abutment are provided with arms, of which in the connection region of the web edges lying arms are formed so long that a closed seal line is formed.
• Expansion, in which the provided for clamping the web edges connecting profiles and / or the abutment in the connecting region of running in the tunnel longitudinal direction web edges form a one-piece or multi-part mounting part.
• Removal with connecting profiles for clamping the web edges, which overlap in the tunnel longitudinal direction at tunnel slopes at the ends, the lower ends of the upper connecting profiles are located above the upper ends of the lower connecting profiles.
• Expansion, in which at the points where the tunnel circumferential direction extending and provided for clamping web edges connecting profiles run in the tunnel longitudinal direction and also provided for clamping of other web edges connecting profiles, a cross-connection is provided, wherein the connecting cross at the ends to be joined the same Cross-section as the connecting profiles has.
• Expansion with straight or curved extending elevations and / or depressions and / or elevations with angular and / or round cross-section, preferably by elevations and / or depressions with triangular cross section for clamping the web edges, wherein the elevations and depressions in relation to the thickness of the plastic foam layer has a depth or height dimension which is equal to 20%, preferably at least 30% and even more preferably at least 40% of the thickness dimension.
• Expansion with cross-section angular elevations for clamping the web edges, which correspond with recesses in the cross-section round and vice versa.
• Expansion with elevations and / or depressions for clamping the web edges, which run along the joint of the web edges.
• Removal with connecting profiles and / or abutments for clamping the web edges of straight or formed sheet metal and / or straight or shaped profile bars and / or straight or shaped wire and / or grid material, wherein the profile bars are preferably connected to a plurality, even further preferably wherein the profile bars through Connecting plates or connecting webs are interconnected.
• Expansion, in which the web edges of the plastic foam between profile bars and / or wire and / or grid material are clamped on one side and sheet metal on the other side, wherein
  1. a) surveys on one side may be located exactly opposite elevations on the other side,
  2. b) surveys can be arranged on one side offset to surveys on the other side
  3. c) surveys on the one hand can face a surface without elevations and without depressions.
• Expansion using sheets for clamping the web edges with a thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm
  and or
  with a length of at least 1m, preferably a length of at least 1.5m, even more preferably with a length of at least 2m and most preferably with a length of at least 2.5m.
  and or
  with elevations and depressions, which are preferably formed by folds or folds of the sheet, even more preferably with bends on the lateral edge, wherein the angle creates an angle of inclination of 30 to 90 degrees, and / or
  by using profiled bars for the clamping of the web edges with a diameter of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 8 mm and even more preferably at least 10 mm,
  and preferably with profiled bars of round material and / or
  with anchor distances in the circumferential direction of the tunnel of at least 0.8 m, preferably of at least 1.1 m, even more preferably of at least 1.4 m,
  wherein the anchor distances in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at least 1m, preferably at least 1.4m, more preferably at least 1.7m.
• Expansion in which the connection profiles for clamping the web edges completely or partially made of metal, preferably steel, or wholly or partly made of plastic, preferably with fiber reinforcement, or wholly or partly made of a composite material.
• Expansion in which at least 3, preferably at least 4 and still more preferably at least 5 expansion profiles are assembled to form a sheet for clamping the web edges.
• Expansion, in which at a junction of two web edges a series of anchor holes and anchors are provided in the mountains and provided for clamping the web edges connecting profiles with these anchors are connected directly or via extension rods, the extension rods are preferably connected via threaded sleeves with the anchors Threaded holes correspond with an external thread at the anchor ends and an external thread at the end of the extension rod,
  in particular with threaded sleeves, which are provided with two opposing, mutually aligned threaded holes and correspond with opposing threads at the anchor end and at the end of the extension rod, so that the threaded sleeve is connected by rotation at the same time with the anchor end and the end of the extension rod.
• Expansion, in which a plurality of anchor holes and anchors are arranged parallel to each other in the mountains, as far as the anchors cooperate with a provided for clamping the web edges common connection profile.
• Expansion in which the formed as sheets and provided for the clamping of the web edges connecting profiles are arranged on the mountain side on the expansion and the corresponding Profile bars or wires or grid are arranged on the inside of the expansion.
• Expansion in which the provided for clamping the web edges connecting profile mountain side welded to a sleeve or screwed and that the sleeve sealingly receive the end of an anchor or the end of an extension rod or that the anchor or the extension rod is welded or screwed directly to the connection profile.
• Expansion, in which the extension rod is screwed in the provided for clamping the web edges connecting profile, wherein the mountain side and tunnel inside a clamping means, preferably a nut is provided so that a clamping is provided on both sides of the connection profile, wherein preferably the clamping indirectly with a sleeve takes place, which is provided on the connection profile and receives the threaded rod in a blind hole, which is provided with a thread and can be clamped against the connection profile,
  even more preferred, wherein the sleeve with a collar presses a seal against the connection profile and
  wherein the sleeve tunnel inside is provided with a further threaded rod which is intended for receiving the profile bars, rods, wires or grid for clamping the foam layer.
• Expansion in which a provided for clamping the web edges connecting profile is provided with open holes, so that the connection profile can be pushed onto the anchor ends or on the extension rods or the anchor can be pushed through the open holes in the connection profile in the anchor holes in the mountains,
  wherein a two-sided clamping of the connection profile between clamping means on the anchor ends or the extension rod is provided.
• Expansion in which the tunnel inside clamping device for the clamping of the web edges is formed by a grid or by reinforcing steel rods, preferably by parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the connecting profiles extending rods is formed, which are interconnected by tabs and clamped with nuts.
• Expansion using PE foam having a density of 30 kg per cubic meter plus / minus 30%, preferably plus / minus 20% and even more preferably plus / minus 10%, preferably with a thickness of at least 40mm, even more preferably at least 70mm , and most preferably of at least 100mm.
• Removal using cross-linked PE foam.

It should be emphasized that the plastic foam film webs are not laid - as before - only loose and randüberlappend.
Rather, a connection profile is provided which engages over or surrounds the mutually opposite web edges for their clamping.

1. a)die Schaumfolienbahnenränder sicher gehalten werden
2. b)die Schaumfolienbahnenränder eine genau definierte Stellung erlangen
3. c)der Kunststoffschaum dichtend an dem Verbindungsprofil anliegt.

The connection profile can be made of plastic or metal. Preferably, the connecting profile engages in external recesses or on outer elevations of the foam film web edges, so that

1. a) the foam film web edges are held securely
2. b) the foam sheet web edges reach a well-defined position
3. c) the plastic foam sealingly bears against the connection profile.

The bumps and depressions can already significantly improve the conventional seal with the overlap edges. A significant further improvement is obtained when the foam film edges are sealed at the seal site without overlap.
On the way insulating material is saved, because the overlap is eliminated. At the same time results in a better seal.
The depressions and elevations may be completely or partially molded / prepared in the foam film web edges. The depressions and elevations can also be partially or completely through the Connection profile are generated. The depressions and elevations may also be partially molded / prepared on the foam film web edges and finished by the connection profile.

It is favorable to arrange the connection profile on the outside of the expansion. So that the escaping mountain water runs outside and can not penetrate into the gap between the foam film web edges.

Although the foam film web edges can have a distance below the connecting profile. Insulation technology is better when the foam sheet edges are abutted against each other or pressed together.

It is ideal if the connection profiles have a curvature which is precisely matched to the desired expansion. This is quite possible if the mountain outbreak has some distance from the tunnel. This is particularly the case when an inspection distance is provided as in PCT / EP06 / 006358 is described. On the basis of the desired dimensions of the tunnel construction, a removal arch can then be created from a connection profile at the factory, which extends from one side of the tunnel sole via the tunnel wall, the tunnel trough and the opposite tunnel wall to the opposite side of the tunnel sole. Even if different bends result over the tunnel length, the different bends can be assigned to the right point in the tunnel cross-section.
When such bows are created, the bows can also assist in positioning the anchors in the rock.
The builders try to help in older methods for introducing the anchor by connecting two anchors, which have a distance from each other in the tunnel longitudinal direction, with a Meßschnur. However, this is relatively inaccurate if the tunnel longitudinal direction is curved and if the anchor holes can not be ideally introduced into the mountains. Such bends are very common. Furthermore Often less than half of all anchors can be ideally placed in the mountains. Then, for example, the anchors are awry.
There has long been the demand of the tunnel planner for the most accurate possible adherence to the desired expansion dimensions.
This can better correspond to the expansion arches described above.

These expansion bows can be one-piece. A multi-part design can have advantages under certain circumstances. In this case, the multi-part design can simplify the production, storage and installation, because the parts can be made with the same curvature. In extreme cases, all sections of a removal arc may have the same length and / or have the same curvature. In extreme cases, the different sections can also be straight. For straight sections one speaks of a curvature with the radius "infinite".

1. a)daß die Anker zunächst in das Gebirge/Fels eingebracht werden bevor die Verbindungsprofile montiert werden
2. b)oder ein mit einem Verbindungsprofil versehener Abschnitt gemeinsam mit dem Anker in das Gebirge/Fels eingebracht wird.

The connection profiles are preferably mounted on the anchors before the Kunststoffschaumbahnen are laid. That requires,

1. a) that the anchors are first introduced into the mountains / rock before the connection profiles are mounted
2. b) or provided with a connection profile section is introduced together with the anchor in the mountains / rock.

As far as doing more than one anchor is connected to the connection profile, the anchors are arranged largely parallel to allow the introduction of the anchor in the mountains. The greater the deviations from the parallels, the more difficulties arise when placing the anchor in the mountains.
This applies accordingly to the drilling in the mountains / rock, which are required for the introduction of the anchor.

Straight sections are suitable for cutting to length from a straight starting material. Even more curved sections can be cut to length from a longer starting material.

The curvature of the individual sections or of the starting material to be cut can be achieved by hot deformation in metallic material, for example in steel. But also plastic material can be brought by hot deformation in the desired curvature.

Connecting profiles made of steel have a wall thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, more preferably from 1.5 to 2.5 mm sufficient strength.
Connecting profiles made of plastic can also have sufficient strength. This is especially true in the case of a reinforcement of the plastic. For reinforcement fibers and textiles, in particular mesh fabrics are suitable. The strength can also be increased by crosslinking of the plastic. In addition, by selecting particularly solid plastics comparable strength can be achieved as with a metallic connection profile.
Particularly good properties may be composite materials / composites. The properties are derived from the combination of different materials. This can also be the combination of metallic materials with plastic material.

An expansion arc composed of sections according to the invention preferably consists of at least 3 sections, more preferably of at least 4 sections and most preferably of at least 5 sections.
In the case of a rectangular tunnel cross-section, the minimum number of 3 sections is also easily accessible, even with straight sections in the circumferential direction of the expansion arches. For round tunnel cross sections bent sections are usually used for the expansion arc to comply with the number of sections according to the invention.
As far as the number of corresponding with a build-out bow of connection profiles anchor is greater than the number of sections, the sections are optionally introduced in the above-described form together with several anchors in the mountains.

Preferably, the sections are mounted after the introduction of the anchor on several anchors.

The use of the connection profiles leads to a stiffening of the expansion. The stiffening of the foam layer is important, even if the removal of a shotcrete layer belongs, which is applied inside after installation of the plastic foam layer.

The stiffening is given in particular in one-piece extension arches from connection profile. But even sections of connection profile can significantly contribute to the stiffening of the expansion. This can be used to reduce the number of people. The reduction in the number of anchors compensates for the effort required for the connection profiles. Further advantages are the material saving and better seal set out above.

In sections of the composition of the expansion arch, the connection profile sections are preferably laid overlapping. It is favorable for the seal when in an overlap position, the lower end of the upper portion of the upper end of the lower portion mountain side (outside) overlaps. As a result, the mountain water runs off without penetrating into the overlap gap.

1. a)daß Verbindungsprofile nicht nur in Tunnel-Umfangsrichtung einander an den Enden überlappen,
2. b)sondern auch Verbindungsprofile vorgesehen sind, die in Tunnellängsrichtung einander überlappen,
3. c)oder auch in Längsrichtung verlaufende Verbindungsprofile an Verbindungsprofile stoßen.

If the foam film webs are laid not only in the circumferential direction of the tunnel but also in the tunnel longitudinal direction, it can result

1. a) that connection profiles overlap one another at the ends not only in the tunnel circumferential direction,
2. b) but also connecting profiles are provided, which overlap in the tunnel longitudinal direction,
3. c) or also run in the longitudinal direction connecting profiles of connecting profiles.

Then, an overlap is preferably also provided at joints, wherein the overlap in the direction of fall runs on the same principle, which is provided for overlapping in the circumferential direction. In the case of the above situation c) is the use of terminal crosses of advantage, which on the one hand allow overlapping in the circumferential direction and on the other hand, an overlap in the tunnel longitudinal direction.

• Peroxid-Vernetzung
• Silan-Vernetzung
• Strahlen-Vernetzung
• Azo-Vernetzung
• Chemische Vernetzung durch Chlorierung oder Sulfochlorierung

The width of the connection profiles is optionally 30 to 200mm, preferably 40 to 150mm, more preferably 50 to 100mm.
It is favorable for cost reasons, a small width of the connection profiles. According to the minimum width is determined depending on the strength of the plastic foam.
On the width has influence, which distance of the recesses and / or elevations of the plastic foam sheet from the edge thereof.
This distance is for example at least 10 mm, preferably at least 20 mm and most preferably at least 30 mm.
This distance is chosen according to the invention as a function of the strength of the foam sheet. In this case, the strength on the density of the foam sheet and on the nature of the foam influence can be taken. The density of polyethylene foam (PE foam) is preferably 30kg per cubic meter plus / minus 30%, more preferably plus / minus 20%, and most preferably plus / minus 10%.
The plastic foam preferably has a thickness of at least 40 mm, more preferably a thickness of at least 70 mm, and most preferably a thickness of at least 100 mm.
Preferably, a crosslinked PE foam is also used. The macromolecules of PE are more or less branched. In cross-linking, the PE molecules are interconnected to form a longer / more extensive chain construction. Crosslinking improves various mechanical properties and heat resistance. For networking, there are various methods. Particularly well-known are:

• Peroxide crosslinking
• Silane crosslinking
• Jet networking
• Azo networking
• Chemical crosslinking by chlorination or sulfochlorination

The thickness of the foam layer is preferably at least 40mm. It can also be 100mm or 150mm or 200mm and more.

Preferably, the distance of the depressions or elevations on the foam webs is at least 10 mm from the edge of the web, more preferably at least 20 mm and most preferably at least 30 mm.

The depressions can be molded.
In this case, for example, the depressions can be cut in mechanically or thermally.
Furthermore, straight and / or curved and / or angular surfaces can arise in the recess cross section.
Preferably, the recesses have a triangular cross-section.

The elevations can be created by glued or welded foam profiles. The surfaces of the elevations can be straight and / or rounded in the profile cross-section.
The recesses preferably have a depth of at least 5 mm, otherwise - based on the thickness of the plastic foam view - of at least 10%, preferably at least 20% and even more preferably of 30% of the thickness.
The same applies to the surveys.

The connection profile can be different, for example consist of sheets, profiled bars, wires and grids.
Convenient are sheets that are deformed to U-profiles. The free legs of the profile cross section can be exactly vertical or inclined. Favorable is a trough-shaped cross-section with a distance between the legs, which increases towards the free end of the legs. In this case, the straight legs may include an angle to the leg connecting the web, for example, 135 degrees is. In other embodiments, 120 to 150 degrees are provided. Even at 90 degrees angled legs come into consideration. The legs can also be arched in cross section.

At the edges of the connecting profiles and round rod material may be provided. The round and curved cross-sectional shapes cause an advantageous line-shaped or strip-shaped course of the sealing surfaces between foam web and connecting profile. The same applies to edges that press with a bent tip into the plastic web edge.
It can be provided side by side on each edge also several cambers and / or several round bars and / or more bent tips. Then arise several sealing lines or sealing strips next to each other, which form a labyrinth seal.

While the connecting profile is preferably arranged on the mountain side on the foam web edge, a further connecting profile is preferably provided as an abutment on the inside and opposite the connecting profile pressing onto the foam web edges. The abutment can also consist of sheets, profiled bars, wires and grid.

The abutment can also be formed by similar holders, as they are formed for the application of the shotcrete layer. The holders for the application of the shotcrete layer have star-shaped arms arranged. The shotcrete backing is usually attached to the arms. As a shotcrete back is regularly a wire mesh.
The shotcrete backing has distance from the plastic foam layer.

According to the invention, such arms are used to form the abutment. The holders can be used unchanged, when the arms lie directly against the foam layer. If, on the other hand, there is a gap between the arms and the foam layer, find it preferably other abutments with arms application, which bear directly against the foam layer. Optionally, these abutments show only in the connection region of the web edges in the foam layer arms.

The abutment provided with arms can also have arms in the other areas. These arms should then have the above-described holder function, that is, have a distance from the foam layer and be suitable for the attachment of the shotcrete backfill. This results in a mixed construction of holder and abutment. The arms intended for the abutment function then rest on the foam layer, while the other arms have the necessary distance from the foam layer and the design for use as holders for the shotcrete backfill.

Optionally, the star-shaped abutments are formed by a plurality of rods. An advantageous embodiment has two bars welded together in a cross-shaped manner, which provide an abutment with 4 arms. From the rods welded together, the bar lying in the connection area can have direct contact with the foam layer, while the bar welded over it has at least one distance from the foam layer is equal to the thickness of the foam layer side bar. At the desired greater distance, a greater distance can be created between the first rod and the further rod welded thereon by means of a spacer or a spacer plate.
In addition to the second rod still more rods can be welded one above the other until an abutment according to the invention has the desired number of arms.

Optionally, the abutment according to the invention is also formed by means of grid sections. Preferably, the grid sections are held between discs, which overlap correspondingly many bars of the grid sections, so that a firm grip for the grid sections between the panes arises. Even more preferably, grid sections are formed by four or more bars.
Most preferably, a ring is welded to the grid sections to form an abutment, with which the grid section can be pushed onto the threaded rod of the anchor / fastener or on the inwardly projecting mandrel and screwed there.
Less than the above-described four rods may also be welded as arms to the ring. In this case, both a weld on the peripheral surface of the ring as well as a weld can be made on an end face of the ring.

Instead of the ring and a perforated plate can be welded to the grid section to allow a screw. The hole then preferably has the same diameter as the central opening of the ring described above. The diameter in the sheet is then equal to the diameter of the threaded rod of the anchor / fastener or the diameter of the inwardly protruding mandrel of the anchor / fastener plus a play of movement to push the sheet onto the threaded rod or mandrel.

As far as rods are used in pairs and at a distance from each other, which is equal to the diameter of the threaded rod of the anchor / fastener or equal to the diameter of the inwardly projecting mandrel plus a movement play, and as far as two pairs are welded together, creates an abutment with a square Hole that allows a screw on the threaded rods of the anchor / fastener or on the inwardly projecting mandrel of the fastener without ring and without discs.

The rods or arms of the abutment can be the same or different lengths. Preferably, at least two arms are provided diametrically opposite each abutment, which at least approximately to the corresponding arms of the next abutment along the overlapping or butt-pushed web edges rich, so that with the help of the abutment sufficient for a tight connection of the web edges clamping the web edges can be achieved in the plastic layer.
The web edges usually run in the circumferential direction. Then it is advantageous if at least two, preferably two diametrically opposed pairs of rods, are provided on each abutment, which at least approximately approach the corresponding rods of the next abutment in the circumferential direction. Optionally, even an overlap of the arms is provided.
It is favorable if the arms of an abutment serving for clamping the circumferentially extending web edges in the plastic layer extend exclusively in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. However, the serving for clamping the web edges in the plastic layer arms of an abutment can also extend partially in the tunnel longitudinal direction, so that a seal line is formed which extends back and forth in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. The same applies to a strip-shaped sealing surface.

As far as some web edges in the plastic layer exceptionally run in the tunnel longitudinal direction, the above rules apply to the clamping of the web edges accordingly.

In the inventive seal one or more sealing lines may arise.
A sealing line is formed at a web edge, if on both sides of the web edge opposite a linear pressure is built up. Several sealing lines can also be generated parallel to each other.
The measures provided for generating a sealing line pressure means such as rods preferably have a round cross-section. But it can also be used other cross sections, so that strip-shaped sealing surfaces arise.

Between two connection profiles or the one connection profile and an abutment of elements explained above, the foam web edges to be joined together are clamped.

Also suitable as an abutment are mesh mats, such as those used for concrete reinforcement. Such mats or mat sections are factory provided with eyelets with which the mats sections on the anchors or thorns stop, which protrude between the foam web edges.
Instead of the eyelets and clamping means can be used, which cover the mats or mats sections. Suitable clamping means discs, on the type of washers, but with a larger diameter. Also other clamping means come into consideration, which extend from the anchors or thorns so far that they cover at least one wire / rod of the mat section.
The advantage of this clamping means is the possibility of using sections of commercially available grid mats, without the need for a certain mesh size and greater accuracy.

As far as rods or profile bars are provided according to the invention, preferably find reinforcing steel bars application, which are arranged parallel to each other and to the connecting profile edges and spaced so that they face the pressing on the foam web edges edges of the connection profiles. The foam web edges then find a uniform clamping.
A precise spacing of the reinforcing steel bars is achieved by welded and perforated tabs. The holes in the tabs are adapted to the anchor diameter and the diameter of the mandrel.

Optionally, the anchors sitting in the mountains are sized and the connection profiles provided with holes that the connection profiles can be placed on the anchor ends and held by screws in the respective position. The screws act, for example, with plates and Gaskets together to clamp the connection profiles sealingly between them.
The ends of the anchors which project beyond the foam web edges on the inside are long enough to project beyond the foam web edges into the interior of the tunnel and to accommodate spacers and a reinforcing mat for a shotcrete application. The reinforcing mat is preferably pressed with screws against the anchor profile firmly seated on the anchor. In this case, a spacer sleeve may be provided between the connection profile and the reinforcing mat in order to limit the indentation of the foam web edges.

Optionally, the clamping of the connection profiles in a modified form. In this case, the anchor or extension rods end so that they protrude with a fitting end through openings of the connection profiles. Then, with a clamping part / sleeve, a high sealing effect can be achieved on the connecting profile, when the sleeve presses with a collar a seal against the connecting profile. The necessary pressure is applied, for example, with nuts, one of which sits on the anchor end or on the end of the extension rod. The clamping part / sleeve has two opposite, designed as blind holes threaded holes. The one threaded hole faces the anchor end of the extension rod. The other threaded hole faces away from the anchor end. With the thread, which faces the anchor end, the clamping part / sleeve is bolted to the anchor end / end of the extension rod.
In the armature hole of the clamping part / sleeve facing away from the armature, a further threaded rod / mandrel is screwed, on which the second nut is seated. Both nuts tighten the connection profile and the sleeve between them.

Optionally, the sleeve is also arranged so that the sleeve with its collar and the seal tunnel inside the connection profile Applied. Then the clamping part / sleeve pushes the sealing washer with the collar of the tunnel inside against the connection profile.

The sealing clamping of the connection profile can also be achieved without a sleeve by means of nuts or other clamping parts.

Optionally, a connection profile is also penetrated by a mandrel. In this case, the mandrel protrudes through an opening in the connecting profile outwards to the mountain side. The mandrel is welded at the penetration point to the connection profile. In this case, a circumferential weld is provided, which causes a tight connection. The tunnel inside of the connecting profile projecting end of the mandrel has the same function as the mandrel in the embodiment described above.
The mountain side / outside protruding end of the mandrel corresponds with the correspondingly far in front of the connection profile ending anchor. It is provided on the outside of the mandrel end opposite to the thread of the armature thread. The connection of the mandrel with the anchor end is achieved by a special nut / sleeve, which is provided with a continuous bore, which is provided at one end with a right-hand thread and at the other end with a left-hand thread. The particular nut can therefore be bolted to the commonly threaded armature end or end of the extension rod and to the counter-threaded outside mandrel.

Frequent application is in underground rooms in stable mountains. These can be tunnels, storage rooms, bunkers, canals and more.
In this case, the above-described expansion is completed with a shotcrete layer.

The shotcrete application is preferably preceded by priming the PE foam sheets.

• DE69910173T2 , DE69801995T2 , DE69721121T2 , DE69718705T2 , DE69701890T2 , DE69700205T2 , DE69418316T2 , DE69407418T2 , DE69403183T2 , DE69122267T2 , DE69118723T2 , DE69010067T2 , DE69006589T2 , DE60010252T2 , DE60001390T2 , DE29825081U1 , DE29824292U1 , DE29824278U1 , DE29818934U1 , DE29724212U1 , DE29718950U1 , DE29710362U1 , DE29812769U1 , DE19854476C2 , DE19854476A1 , DE19851913A1 , DE19838710C2 , DE19819660A1 , DE19819148C1 , DE19754446A1 , DE19746958C1 , DE19733029C2 , DE19652811A1 , DE19650330A1 .

After priming, the shotcrete can be applied to the film seal in one or more layers. It is convenient to apply the shotcrete layer in layers and starting from below. This is achieved by a reciprocating movement of the sprayed concrete application tool. As shotcrete or concrete and additives and aggregates and reinforcing inserts and tools are tools into consideration, as described for example in the following publications:

• DE69910173T2 . DE69801995T2 . DE69721121T2 . DE69718705T2 . DE69701890T2 . DE69700205T2 . DE69418316T2 . DE69407418T2 . DE69403183T2 . DE69122267T2 . DE69118723T2 . DE69010067T2 . DE69006589T2 . DE60010252T2 . DE60001390T2 . DE29825081U1 . DE29824292U1 . DE29824278U1 . DE29818934U1 . DE29724212U1 . DE29718950U1 . DE29710362U1 . DE29812769U1 . DE19854476C2 . DE19854476A1 . DE19851913A1 . DE19838710C2 . DE19819660A1 . DE19819148C1 . DE19754446A1 . DE19746958C1 . DE19733029C2 . DE19652811A1 . DE19650330A1 ,

In the drawing, various embodiments of the invention are shown.

Fig. 1 shows a mountain outbreak 1 in stable mountains.
At regular intervals anchors have been introduced into the mountains.
For this purpose, appropriate holes were drilled and anchors were fixed with mounting cement in the holes. From the anchors, the central axes 2 are shown.

The mountain outbreak 1 is used to produce a road tunnel. In the tunnel, a shotcrete expansion is planned, with the exiting water to be drained and insulation by ice formation is to be prevented.
The shotcrete construction consists roughly of a PE plastic foam layer 4 and a shotcrete layer 3. The plastic foam layer is composed of webs, which in the Embodiment are laid exclusively in the circumferential direction, but lie in the tunnel longitudinal direction next to each other and complement each other to an insulation and sealing for tunnel construction. The webs do not overlap each other in a conventional manner at the circumferentially extending edges, but push the edges together.
To attach the foam layer or the expansion of the mountains serves a variety of anchors that have been introduced into the mountains.
The anchors are arranged so that at each joint between two web edges a row of anchors in the circumferential direction with the joint ideally lie in a plane. In practice, there are deviations from this level, the limits of which are shown in the expansion. If the deviation is too large, the wrong anchor can be cut and a new, better positioned anchor can be set.

For 3m wide foam sheeting, the web edges have a distance of 3m. It follows that the rows of anchors belonging to two adjacent joints also have a spacing of 3 m.

Between the two rows of anchors described above, a further row of anchors extending in the tunnel circumferential direction is provided in the middle of the embodiment in the middle. The distance between two circumferentially extending rows is therefore 1.5m. In the embodiment, the distance between two adjacent anchors is also 1.5m, unless special features of the tunnel require a shorter distance. Compared with the usual distances of 1.2 m to conventional construction, the larger distances result in a very small number of anchors per square meter.

In the exemplary embodiment, special connection profiles are provided with novel expansion attachment to the anchors to the associated anchor to a joint. The attachment to the anchors between the joints takes place in the embodiment with known fasteners, as for example in the PCT / EP06 / 006358 shown and described.
For this purpose, an anchor 5 shown schematically in the drawing. The armature 5 is connected to the protruding end of the mountains with a fastener 14. At the fastener 14, the plastic foam layer 4 is applied. On the foam layer side, which is opposite to the fastener 14 is a fastener 15. The fasteners 14 and 15 clamp the foam layer 4 between them.
In addition, the fasteners carry a spacer 13 for a wire mesh 12. The wire mesh 12 has two purposes. It serves to build up the shotcrete layer 3 by preventing it from falling off the concrete rebounding from the foam layer. In addition, the wire mesh 12 forms a reinforcement for the shotcrete layer.

In the shotcrete construction of the expansion in relation to the form so much weight that the expansion would collapse before reaching sufficient strength without the anchor. The anchors direct the weight of the shotcrete expansion into the mountains.
After solidification of the shotcrete construction, the anchors form a solid composite of the expansion with the mountains.

Fig. 5 shows a possible honeycomb 43 for the in Fig. 2 illustrated wire mesh / wire cloth 12. Other embodiments show, for example, simple grid shapes.

Fig. 4 shows a spacer 40 for the positioning of the wire mesh. The spacer 40 is pressed with another nut against the nut 25.
The spacer 40 has various arms to which the wire mesh 43 can be hooked. In the embodiment, seven arms are provided. But there are also known spacers, which have only four arms.

The Fig. 6.7 . 8.11 . 12 show the attachment according to the invention of foam web edges in the plastic foam layer with connecting profiles 50.

The connection profiles are curved in the circumferential direction of the tunnel.
In the drawing, the curvature is not considered for illustrative reasons.
In the exemplary embodiment, the length of the connection profiles is 3.20 m. In other embodiments, at least 1m, preferably at least 1.5m, even more preferably at least 2m, and most preferably at least 2.5m.
In the connection profile are introduced according to the distance between different anchor holes. Depending on the embodiment, the distance is at least 0.8 m, preferably at least 1.1 m and even more preferably at least 1.4 m.
The connecting profile consists of sheet metal with a thickness of 2mm and has in cross-section a U-like shape with two outwardly bent free legs. With these legs, the connecting profile 50 engages in triangular cuts 58 on the foam surface of the web edges 56 and 57. The cuts run parallel to the web edge. The engagement in the cuts secures the web edges in the desired position on the connection profile 50. Fig. 7a shows this in an enlargement.
Fig. 7b shows a variant for a connection profile. The connection profile consists of a sheet 250, on the edges of bar profiles 251 are provided. In the exemplary embodiment, the bar profiles 251 have a round cross section. The round cross section of each profile touches the foam web edge in the recess 58 at two points linear.
Fig. 11 shows that the webs are arranged in a preferred embodiment so that the web edges point with the cuts 58 to the mountain side.
Fig. 11a shows that the webs can be arranged in other embodiments so that the web edges with the cuts 58 point to the tunnel center.

The connecting profile also includes threaded rods that sit in holes of the connection profile 50 and are welded tightly to the connection profile. The threaded rods protrude with one end 51 on the mountain side opposite to the connection profile 50 and with the other end 52 into the interior of the tunnel opposite the connection profile.
The mountain end is intended to be screwed to the anchor 55. The screwing is done with threaded sleeves 54. The threaded sleeves 54 have a through hole and are threaded at each end. The anchor-side thread is provided with a normal thread corresponding to the anchor. The connecting profile facing sleeve end is provided with an opposite thread. The corresponding with this sleeve end 51 of the threaded rod in the connecting profile has a same, with respect to the armature 55 opposite thread 61st
The opposite thread has the consequence that a threaded sleeve 54 can be screwed simultaneously with the armature 55 and the projecting threaded rod end 51. In the embodiment, a backup of the threaded sleeve 54 is provided in the end position with a locking nut, not shown.

The projecting into the interior of the tunnel end 60 of the seated in the connection profile 50 threaded rod is in turn provided with a standard thread 62.

The protruding into the tunnel interior end 60 of the seated in the connection profile 50 threaded rod is intended to pass through the foam layers, there a clamping means 52 and a spacer, then to receive a reinforcing grid for a shotcrete construction and a fastener. The clamping device forms an abutment. To the clamping means include parallel concrete bars 60, which are spaced by tabs 61. The distance is selected so that the Kunststoffschaumbahnränder 56 and 57 is pressed in the region of the cuts 58 against the connecting profile 50. For this purpose, there are holes 162 in the welded to the bars 160 tabs 61, with which the clamping means can be pushed onto the threaded rod end 160. The necessary clamping action is generated by nut 53.

In the clamping position shown, the web edges 56 and 57 are closing together, so that there is no gap that can cause a cold bridge.
In the exemplary embodiment, the compression of the
Plastic Foil web edges 56 and 57 bounded by a spacer sleeve, not shown.

In another embodiment according to Fig. 14 and 14a the connection of the concrete bars 60 takes place in a different way. There are welded on the concrete bars 60 transversely extending rods 255. The rods 255 are also concrete rods in the embodiment, but with a small thickness.
The rods 255 and the rods enclose an opening 256, with which the device can be pushed onto the end 60 of the projecting into the tunnel interior threaded rod and secured with a screw.
In the embodiment, the transverse bars 255 are used to secure a shotcrete backsheet. Separate holders for the attachment of the shotcrete backfill can then be omitted.

In a further embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a serves a conventional holder for shotcrete deposits at the same time as part of the abutment for the inventive compound of the web edges.
The holder consists of a ring 260 and various arms 261 which are welded to the ring. The ring 260 of the holder is welded to the concrete bars 60.

The embodiment according to Fig. 16 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a in that first a disc 265 is welded to the concrete bars 60 and then arms 266 are welded to the disc. This can be used to increase the distance to the foam layer. With the selection of a suitable pane thickness, a desired distance is achieved.

The embodiment according to Fig. 17 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a characterized in that between the ring 260 and the concrete rods 60 is still provided an intermediate disc 263 to increase the distance.

The embodiment according to Fig. 18 differs from the embodiment according to Fig. 15 and 15a by a connection profile 250 instead of the connection profile 50.

In all embodiments 14 to 18, the web edges 56 and 57 are provided with recesses 58 and engage the connection profiles in the recesses.
In other embodiments, the web edges are without recesses. However, the above described clamping of the web edges between the in FIGS. 14 to 18 illustrated connection profiles and the abutment, which is opposite to the connection profiles, in particular at low load of the web edges in the tunnel longitudinal direction, cause sufficient tightness.

Fig. 19 shows an embodiment of a compound of web edges 301 and 302 without recesses. Thereby instead of in FIGS. 14 to 18 Connection profiles shown a sheet 300 as a connection profile application. The sheet 300 extends in the embodiment in one piece over the tunnel walls and the tunnel ridges. The sheet is penetrated by the anchors or their extension rods in the embodiment. In other embodiments, bolting of the anchors or extension rods to sheet 300 (as with the connection profile in the other embodiments) is provided, and a mandrel or threaded rod extends from sheet 300 (as from the connection profile in the other embodiments) into the interior of the tunnel ,
Further, as in the other embodiments, a penetration of the foam layer is provided, so that an abutment and a holder for the shotcrete back-up on the projecting into the tunnel interior rod or mandrel can be attached.

The at the connection region of the sheet 300 opposite abutment is equal to the abutment Fig. 16 ,

In other embodiments, a multi-part design of the sheet is provided instead of the integrally extending over tunnel walls and tunnel trough sheet 300.

Fig. 25 shows an embodiment of a further connection of web edges 301 and 302 without recesses. To Fig. 25 is provided on the mountain side a connection profile 50, as it is in FIGS. 14 to 17 is shown. However, the connecting profile 50 opposite abutment is designed differently. It has a plate 303, which extends in the embodiment as the sheet 300 in one piece over the tunnel walls and the tunnel ribs, but in other embodiments may be multi-piece.
Furthermore, in Fig. 25 a separate holder 304 is provided for attachment of a shotcrete back-up. However, the holder 304 is secured with the abutment on projecting into the interior of the tunnel rod or mandrel by a screw.

Fig. 26 shows a connection of web edges extending from the compound Fig. 25 differs in that the connection profile 250 instead of the connection profile 50 applies.

The embodiments according to Fig. 20 to 23 show an overlapping arrangement of the web edges instead of the butted configuration of the web edges. The blunted arrangement involves optimum use of the sheeting. Nevertheless, overlapping arrangements may be useful in specific applications.
To Fig. 20 is a mountain 290 provided on the mountain side at the overlap point. The sheet serves as a connection profile. It sits like the previously discussed connection profiles on the anchors of the tunnel construction or on their extension rods or Dorn. Between the sheet 290 and an abutment, the clamping of the overlapping web edges is done.

The abutment is provided on the inside of the tunnel at the overlap area.
In the embodiment according to Fig. 20 is the tunnel inside abutment like in Fig. 16 educated. The abutment also has arms that are intended for attachment of a shotcrete backfill.

Fig. 21 Figure 11 shows another interconnection of overlapping web edges extending from the connection Fig. 20 characterized in that instead of the sheet 290, a connection profile 250 is provided with rods 60. It also finds after Fig. 21 an abutment 254 application extending from the abutment Fig. 16 is distinguished by a smaller distance of extending in the direction of the connecting portion rods. The distance of these rods (from each other) is less than the distance of the rods of the connecting profile 250 from each other. As a result, the rods of the abutment and the rods of the Verbindungsprofiles center each other.
A comparable centering effect arises even if the rods of the abutment have a greater distance from each other than the bars of the Verbindungsprofiles.

In the other embodiments, it is provided that the bars of the connecting profiles exactly opposite the bars of the abutment and vice versa. In all embodiments, but can also work with different distances of the rods.

Fig. 22 Figure 11 shows the connection of overlapping sheet edges 280 and 281 where the overlap amount is so small that one joint profile 250 can only lie on the overlap region with one rod 60, while the other rod of the joint profile 250 bears on the web edge 280.
In the exemplary embodiment, an abutment 257 is provided, which consists of the same rods 60 and connecting plates between the rods as in other embodiments. At the same time, the abutment 257 is arranged so that the bars of the connecting profile and the abutment are exactly opposite each other.

Incidentally, a holder function is provided on the abutment 257. That is, on the abutment 257 arms are provided, which like the arms on the abutments to FIGS. 20 and 21 used to attach the shotcrete back.

Fig. 23 shows a connection profile 258, which corresponds to a connecting profile 250, and cooperates with an abutment 259 which the abutment to Fig. 16 equivalent.
The connection profile 258 and the abutment are exactly opposite each other at an overlapping area of two web edges 310 and 311.
The overlap region differs from the overlap region of another embodiment in that at the same time there is a collision of the web edges and an overlap. This is done by stepped web edges, which interlock.

Fig. 24 shows two web edges 312 and 313 with pure overlap as in FIG Fig. 21 to 23 , Unlike the Fig. 21 to 23 However, the overlap region is spanned by a connection profile 314 and the connection profile 314 exactly opposite abutment 315 is provided, which equally spans the overlap area.

The embodiment according to Fig. 25 shows an overlap of web edges 280 and 281, which are clamped between a connecting profile 320 and an abutment 321. In this case, the overlap area is spanned and at the same time there is a load on the overlapping area. For this purpose, the connection profile is provided with three rods arranged parallel to one another, of which two rods are arranged on both sides of the overlapping region, a central rod rests on the overlap region. The abutment 321 is the connection profile exactly opposite and equally has three rods, which are exactly opposite the relevant bars of the connection profile.

Incidentally, the abutment has a holder function as the abutment Fig. 23 ,

Fig. 13 shows a further embodiment with a connecting profile 50 and a relation to the previously described embodiment deviating connection with the anchor. In this case, the connection profile 50 is clamped between a nut 85 and a sleeve 82. The sleeve 82 has two threaded holes formed as blind holes. In the mountain-side blind hole sits a threaded rod 80, the diameter and thread of the threaded rod end 51 after Fig. 12 corresponds and which is to be connected via the sleeve 54 with the armature 55.
A threaded rod / mandrel 81 is seated in the threaded hole pointing towards the inside of the tunnel. The threaded rod / mandrel 81 has the same diameter and the same thread as also the same tasks as the threaded rod end 60 Fig. 12 ,

The sleeve 82 has connection profile side a collar 83rd
Between the collar 83 and the connecting profile 50, a seal 84 is provided. The sleeve 82 is pressed with the collar 83 and the seal 84 against the connection profile. The pressing pressure arises because on the threaded rod 80 at the same time a nut 85 is seated. The pressing pressure is adjusted by turning the nut 85 and / or by turning the sleeve 82.
The connection is dense, because this compound is an application of in the PCT / EP06 / 006358 provided blind hole principle includes. The over the threads of the threaded rod 80 penetrating mountain water ends in the associated blind hole.
In addition, the construction has the advantage that the anchor 55 can be driven by the correspondingly wide holes in the connection profile 50 in the anchor holes in the mountains. The anchors must then no longer run parallel, but can differ greatly from each other. This is conducive to the rigidity of the connection of the expansion with the mountains.

Fig. 3 shows yet another embodiment.
In the exemplary embodiment, a rock bolt 150 is connected via a sleeve 160 to an extension rod 170.
The rock anchor and the sleeve are designed as threaded rods. In this case, the rock anchor has a common thread, while the extension rod has an opposite thread on the sleeve-side end. The sleeve 160 is provided with a through hole for the armature and

provided the extension rod. The through hole is also provided on the anchor side with a standard thread and extension rod side with an opposite thread, so that the extension rod and the armature can be connected by a sleeve rotation and solved by an opposite sleeve end rotation from each other.

The extension rod 170 also cooperates with a connection profile 190. The connection profile 190 has a welded-on sleeve 180. In the sleeve 180 and the connection profile 190, a through-threaded hole is provided. On the mountain side, the extension rod 1709 is screwed to the sleeve 180, at the opposite end a further mandrel-like threaded rod 120 is screwed. The further threaded rod 120 has the same task as the mandrel / threaded rod 51 after Fig. 6 ,
In the embodiment, a seal 181 is provided between the extension rod 170 and the threaded rod in the sleeve 180 to prevent leakage flow passing through the sleeve.

In another embodiment, two internally threaded blind holes are provided in the sleeve instead of the continuous threaded bore. Due to the blind holes a leakage flow in the sleeve is also excluded.

The extension rod 170 is secured in the sleeve 180 by a lock nut 110. The same fuse is provided on the threaded rod / mandrel 120.

When mounting it is not necessary that during the laying of the plastic foam sheets is drilled.
The holes for the corresponding with the connection profile 50 anchor 50 can be introduced in advance for laying together with the other anchor holes in the mountains. Complex measurements are omitted when working with a template, which is held by the drilling robot at the location that is planned for the relevant connection profile.

The connection profile 50 is to be supplemented with other connection profiles to a removal bow. This results in overlapping joints, as in Fig. 9 shown by two profiles 70 and 71 are shown. The attachment lines of the profiles on which the armature 55 and rods 51 and 80 and the sleeve 54 are located in Fig. 9 designated 72.
In Fig. 9 the slope is visible, which consists of a round tunnel cross-section from the ridge to the tunnel sole. There, the mountain water should drain outside on the expansion.
In order that the mountain water does not penetrate between the connection profiles and the plastic foam, the lower ends of the upper profiles 70 overlap the upper ends of the lower profiles 71 on the outside.

In further embodiments, it may be provided that the plastic foam webs not only run in the tunnel circumferential direction. It may also be additionally provided that run in the ridge area or on the side walls of plastic foam sheets in the tunnel longitudinal direction. In the connection profiles, which then run in the tunnel longitudinal direction, the same overlap in the direction of fall as after Fig. 9 intended.

As far as connection profiles which run in the tunnel circumferential direction, come to connection profiles which extend in the tunnel longitudinal direction, a connecting cross is provided in further embodiments. The cross is in Fig. 10 shown. It has four connecting ends 75 with the same cross-section as the abutting connecting profiles and can, as needed, reach under an upper end 75 under the lower end of an upper connecting profile 50 or with a lower end 75 over the upper end of a lower connecting profile 50.
This applies mutatis mutandis to the interaction with the running in the tunnel longitudinal direction and in the direction of the tunnel further connection profiles.

After assembly of the foam layer and the reinforcing mesh in the tunnel, in the exemplary embodiment, a fast-binding cement milk is first sprayed thinly onto the foam layer and grid. The dried cement slurry forms an advantageous primer for a subsequent application of shotcrete. The shotcrete is applied in layers, starting at the tunnel sole. In the exemplary embodiment, the tunnel runs horizontally, so that the shotcrete is laid in horizontal layers, which are superimposed from bottom to top of the foam layer. The layers have a width which corresponds to the desired shotcrete layer thickness. In other embodiments, a smaller width of the layers is provided, so that first a first shotcrete layer is applied to the foam layer, which completely covers the foam layer. Thereafter, another shotcrete layer is applied, which completely covers the previously discussed shotcrete layer. This is repeated until the desired thickness of the shotcrete layer is reached.

Claims (14)

Expansion for civil engineering, especially tunnel construction or removal of tunnels in stable mountains,
in particular with insulation and sealing in the form of a plastic foam layer,
using anchors that are placed in the stable mountain,
wherein the foam layer is held by fasteners to the anchors,
wherein the foam layer is clamped between the fasteners, one of which is arranged on the outside of the foam layer and the other on the inside of the foam layer,
wherein the outside fastener has a connection with the anchor,
and on the inside of the foam layer, a shotcrete layer is built,
wherein the plastic foam layer is composed of webs and the web edges are sealingly held with connecting profiles. An assembly according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection profiles at the same time completely or partially form the fasteners on the anchors and / or partially form spacers for shotcrete deposits or partially the shotcrete back and / or that the connecting profiles abutment are assigned to the anchors. Construction according to claim 1 or 2, characterized by the use of connecting profiles which engage in recesses of the foam layer and / or on elevations of the foam layer. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the web edges are overlapping in the connection area. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the web edges are butted in the connecting region. Assembly according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by the use of a) connecting profiles and / or abutments with a width of 30 to 200mm, preferably a width of 40 to 150 mm and most preferably a width of 50 to 100 mm or b) connection profiles and / or abutments, which are composed of sheets and / or profile bars, in particular rods or c) connecting profiles and / or abutments, which are composed of grid sections or grid mats d) connecting profiles and / or abutments that press with arms in the connection area against the web edges. Installation according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the circumferentially extending connecting profiles and / or abutment form a one-piece or multi-part expansion bow, which preferably extends over the entire length of the connecting portion. An assembly according to claim 7, characterized by connecting profiles which overlap in the tunnel circumferential direction at the ends, wherein the lower ends of the upper connecting profiles over the upper ends of the lower connecting profiles lie and / or abutment with arms, of which lying in the connection region of the web edges Arms are formed so long that a closed sealing line is formed,
wherein a connecting cross is preferably provided at the locations where the connection profiles extending in the tunnel circumferential direction meet connecting profiles extending in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel;
wherein the connecting cross at the ends to be joined has the same cross-section as the connecting profiles. Construction according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized by straight or curved extending elevations and / or elevations and / or elevations with angular and / or round cross-section, preferably by elevations and / or depressions with triangular cross section, wherein the elevations and depressions in relation has a depth dimension or height dimension equal to 20%, preferably at least 30% and even more preferably at least 40% of the thickness gauge, on the thickness of the plastic foam layer,
preferably a) surveys on the one hand may lie exactly opposite surveys on the other hand; or b) surveys on one side may be arranged offset to surveys on the other side or c) surveys on the one hand can face a surface without elevations and without depressions. Assembly according to one of Claims 9, characterized by connecting profiles and / or abutments made of straight or formed sheet metal and / or of straight or shaped profiled bars and / or of straight or formed wire and / or of grid material,
wherein the profile bars are preferably interconnected to a plurality, even more preferably wherein the profile bars are interconnected by connecting plates or connecting webs. Construction according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized by the use of sheets having a thickness of 0.5 to 4 mm, preferably from 1 to 3 mm, even more preferably 1.5 to 2.5 mm
and or
with a length of at least 1m, preferably a length of at least 1.5m, even more preferably with a length of at least 2m and most preferably with a length of at least 2.5m.
and or
with elevations and depressions, which are preferably formed by folds or folds of the sheet metal, even more preferably, with bends at the lateral edge, wherein by bending an inclination angle of 30 to 90 degrees is formed
and or
by using profiled bars with a diameter of at least 6 mm, preferably at least 8 mm and even more preferably at least 10 mm,
and preferably with profiled bars of round material
and or
with anchor spacings in the circumferential direction of the tunnel of at least 0.8 m, preferably of at least 1.1 m, even more preferably of at least 1.4 m,
wherein the anchor distances in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel at least 1m, preferably at least 1.4m, more preferably at least 1.7m. An expansion according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a series of anchor holes and anchors in the mountains are provided at a joint of two web edges and the connecting profiles are connected to these anchors directly or via extension rods, the extension rods preferably via threaded sleeves with the anchors are connected, the threaded holes correspond with an external thread at the anchor ends and an external thread at the end of the extension rod,
in particular with threaded sleeves, which are provided with two counter-rotating, mutually aligned threaded bores and correspond with opposing threads at the anchor end and at the end of the extension rod, so that the threaded sleeve is connectable by rotation at the same time with the anchor end and the end of the extension rod,
wherein preferably designed as plates connecting profiles are arranged on the mountain side on the expansion and the profile bars or wires or grids are arranged on the inside of the expansion. An assembly according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the connecting profile is welded or screwed on the mountain side with a sleeve and that the sleeve sealingly receives the end of an anchor or the end of an extension rod or that the anchor or the extension rod welded directly to the connection profile or is screwed, wherein preferably the extension rod is screwed into the connecting profile, the mountain side as well as tunnel inside a clamping means, preferably a nut, is provided, so that a clamping is provided on both sides of the connection profile,
preferably a) the clamping takes place indirectly with a sleeve which is provided on the connecting profile and receives the threaded rod in a blind hole which is provided with a thread and can be clamped against the connecting profile,
even more preferred, wherein the sleeve with a collar presses a seal against the connection profile and
wherein the sleeve tunnel inside is provided with a further threaded rod which is intended for receiving the profile bars, rods, wires or grid for clamping the foam layer.
or b) a connection profile is provided with open holes, so that the connection profile on the anchor ends or on the extension rods can be pushed or the anchors can be pushed through the open holes in the connection profile in the anchor holes in the mountains,
wherein a two-sided clamping of the connection profile between clamping means on the anchor ends or the extension rod is provided. Construction according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the tunnel-internal clamping means for the clamping of the foam layer is formed by a grid or by reinforcing steel bars, preferably formed by parallel to each other and parallel to the longitudinal direction of the connecting profiles extending rods which are interconnected by tabs and be tightened with nuts.

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