Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
  • H01M10/0585—Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/02—Details
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
  • H01M10/0436—Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
  • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
  • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
  • H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
  • H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
  • H01M50/431—Inorganic material
  • H01M50/434—Ceramics
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
  • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
  • H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
  • H01M50/461—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes with adhesive layers between electrodes and separators
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
  • H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
  • H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
  • H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
  • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
  • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
  • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
  • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T156/00—Adhesive bonding and miscellaneous chemical manufacture
  • Y10T156/10—Methods of surface bonding and/or assembly therefor

Definitions

• the present invention relates to stacks of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes, a method for their production and the use of these stacks in Li accumulators.
• Lithium-ion batteries have a very high energy density in terms of volume and weight. Therefore, today almost exclusively Li-accumulators are used for mobile small applications such as notebooks, digital cameras and mobile phones. As the size of the accumulators grows, due to the greater amount of stored energy, the danger potential increases, in the event that due to destruction of the accumulator, the stored energy is released uncontrollably. For the use of Li-accumulators z. As in hybrid vehicles, therefore, suitable safety mechanisms or devices must be present to prevent an uncontrolled release of energy.
• the safety of the cells must be as large as possible in order to ensure a high level of security even in the case of incorrect operation or accident (especially in case of overcharging or ingress of metal parts).
• the measures must be passive and should not affect normal operation. The measures must also work in all conceivable operating conditions.
• Li accumulators are used in many different sizes (with capacities from a few mAh up to a few 10 Ah) and forms (cylindrical, prismatic).
• a special design is stacked prismatic cells (LSBs), the v.a. quite interesting for larger cells.
• LSBs stacked prismatic cells
• positive and negative electrodes and separators which separate the electrodes from each other, alternately stacked.
• a gas overpressure develops in the cell. Due to the gas pressure between the individual layers gaps can arise and the individual layers can move against each other, which can lead to a short circuit between the electrodes. Due to the short-circuit current, the temperature continues to rise. Polymer separators can then be thermally destroyed and complete cell thermal destruction can occur.
• separators z. B. welded by means of point or line welding to bags, in which then the positive or negative electrode are plugged.
• ceramic separators or hybrid ceramic separators can be used, which are thermally quasi destructible.
• Such separators are z.
• WO 2004/021469, WO 2004/021474, WO 2004/021476, WO 2004/021477, WO 2004/021499, WO 2004/049471, WO 2004/049472, WO 2005/038946, WO 2005/038959 and WO 2005 / 038960 are z.
• separators which have a high proportion of ceramic or a small proportion of polymers
• customary welding spot or line welding
• the bag construction takes up space and causes additional weight because the weld is outside the stack.
• No. 6,399,240 describes a method for producing stacks in which the surfaces of the electrodes on the active mass or adjacent to the active mass are provided with an adhesive, the electrodes thus equipped are stacked alternately with separators as an intermediate layer and then the electrodes be glued together with the separators by heat.
• a disadvantage of this method is that the adhesive must be applied very precisely to the individual electrodes.
• electrode-separator stacks can be fixed by simple adhesion to one side or edge of the stack, and that such bonding can also be used for ceramic separators or separators having a high ceramic content.
• the present invention therefore relates to stacks of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes, which are characterized in that the stacks have on at least one side and / or edge of the stack at least one adhesive of an organic adhesive, the electrodes and separators of the Batches glued together.
• a method for producing a stack of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes which is characterized in that separators and electrodes are alternately stacked on an electrode and on at least one side of the stack thus obtained, a bond is applied, which has at least one side of the electrodes and separators present in the stack a contact.
• the present invention is the use of a stack according to the invention in a Li-accumulator and a Li-accumulator containing a stack according to the invention.
• the stacks of the invention have the advantage over unfixed stacks that electrodes and separators are fixed by gluing against each other so that contact between the anode and cathode when inflating the cell or damage can be excluded by mechanical stresses.
• the electrodes and separators are not fixed against each other, it can happen that the cell inflates due to overcharging during a thermal load on the cell, whereby the individual layers can move very easily against each other. If the separator then no longer covers the entire surface of electrodes of the same name, there will be a short circuit.
• batteries Pb, NiCd, NiMeH
• the short circuit often leads to an explosion and usually to the burning of the cell.
• the stacks according to the invention have the advantage that they occupy significantly less space and have less weight.
• the stacks according to the invention are also safer than stacks which have electrodes inserted in pockets, since the electrodes described above can be pulled out of the pockets due to the above-described inflating of the cell when overloaded. This can also lead to a short circuit when the pressure is released, since the electrodes do not always slide back into the pockets and thus can come into direct contact with the counterelectrodes.
• the stacks according to the invention have the further advantage that volume and weight are saved by gluing the edges of the individual layers and, moreover, no surface of the electrodes, in particular no surface of the active material of the electrodes, are wetted by the adhesive and thus no longer necessary for the actual reaction is available. If gaps are left between the bonds, then both the electrolyte can penetrate well into the stack and, in the event of overcharging, the resulting gas can escape well.
• hot melt adhesive as the adhesive method of the invention has the advantage that the splices cool very quickly and thus are already resilient. For curing then no additional process time is required.
• the strength of the stack can be further increased in comparison with conventional methods and thus the handling and safety.
• the infestation with electrolyte and the escape of the possibly resulting in an overcharge gases then takes place via the openings at the corners and / or the other sides.
• the stacks or the Li accumulators containing the stacks according to the invention can be found in the documents WO 2004/021469, WO 2004/021474, WO 2004/021476, WO 2004 / 021477, WO 2004/021499, WO 2004/049471, WO 2004/049472, WO 2005/038946, WO 2005/038959 and WO 2005/038960 have positive safety properties.
• the advantages of using these separators can be summarized as follows:
• the stacks of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes according to the invention are characterized in that the stack has on at least one side and / or edge of the stack at least one adhesive of an organic adhesive, which glues the electrodes and separators of the stack together.
• the gluing is preferably carried out so that all the electrodes and separators present in the stack are glued together by the gluing.
• the bond can be made over the entire side of the stack or only over portions of the side of the stack.
• the bonding can be carried out so that only the edges of the electrodes and separators of all the electrodes and separators are contacted by the bond.
• the bonding is carried out so that at least one type of electrode and / or the separator are contacted not only on the edge side but also partially on at least one surface, in the case of electrodes preferably on a surface which is not provided with active material, of the bond.
• the stack at least two or three sides and / or edges has a bond.
• the number of pages available may vary.
• a stack according to the invention which has the geometry (base area) of a polygon, has adhesions on at most all but one side, preferably on a maximum of all but two sides. The fact that at least one side of the stack is carried out without gluing, a puffing and escape of resulting gases can be made possible without the stack being damaged. This can be achieved conditionally that there are gaps between the bonds.
• the stack according to the invention preferably has so many adhesions on at least one side that the distance of the bonds (the distance is measured from the end of a glued bond to the beginning of the adjacent gluing) is preferably from 20 to 1 cm, preferably from 10 to 2 cm, more preferably from 8 to 3 cm and most preferably from 6 to 4 cm.
• the length of the sum of all the bonds on one side in the stack according to the invention can be from 0.1 to 100% of the length of the side of the stack, the length of the side of the stack being determined only by the parts of the stack in which the active sections the electrodes are arranged one above the other (see Fig. 2).
• active portions of the electrodes are meant those which are equipped with the active electrode material.
• a proportion of 1 to 70% is preferred for the sum of all bonds, a proportion of 5 to 50% is particularly preferred, and a proportion of 10 to 20% is very particularly preferred.
• the width of a single bond is preferably less than 3 cm, preferably less than 1 cm and particularly preferably less than 0.5 cm. Due to the distance between the bonds of at least 1 cm and a width of the individual bond of less than 2 cm, a particularly simple and good filling of the stack can be achieved with electrolyte.
• the width of a bond is preferably 50 to 100% of the length of the side of the stack, the length of the Side of the stack in turn is determined only by the parts of the stack, in which the active portions of the electrodes are arranged one above the other. Due to the great length of the bond, a higher stability of the bond can be achieved.
• the stack is a stack that does not have explicit pages due to its geometry, such as As a stack with an oval or round base, so the side (the edge) of the stack subregions, preferably subregions which account for 25 to 50% of the side area (edge area) on which no bond is present. In this way, even with stacks with a base without corners or edges can be ensured that a puffing and escape of resulting gases is made possible.
• the organic adhesive may, for. B. a hot melt adhesive such. B. Vestoplast ® 608 Degussa, or an epoxy adhesive, in particular a UV-crosslinkable epoxy adhesive such. B. 3121 UV-curing epoxy resin from ThreeBond, or acrylate adhesive, such as. B. Plex ® 9016-O from Röhm or Vitralit TM 4741 from Panacol Elosol be.
• the organic adhesive is a UV-curing epoxy adhesive and the adhesive is particularly preferably a UV-curing acrylate adhesive, such as ® Plex 9016-0 by Rohm.
• the stack according to the invention are preferably stacked as electrodes alternately anodes and cathodes, which are each separated by a separator from each other.
• the separator present between each electrode may be the same or different throughout the stack.
• the separator is the same throughout the stack.
• the stack according to the invention preferably has in each case one electrode as the first and last layer, wherein these electrodes may each be cathodes or in each case anodes.
• the electrodes bounding the stack are anodes.
• the separators in the stack must at least complete the active areas of their directly adjacent electrodes. It may be advantageous if the separators present in the stack protrude on at least one side of the stack over the active regions of the electrodes directly adjacent to them.
• the separators project on at least two sides beyond the cathodes and / or the anodes.
• the separators may have a length greater than 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably 0.5 to 5 mm and preferably 1 to 2 mm, than at least one of the types of electrodes present in the stack.
• the separators preferably have a width greater than 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 6 mm and preferably from 2 to 4 mm, greater than at least one of the types of electrodes present in the stack. It can be particularly advantageous if the separators have both a greater length and a greater width than at least one of the types of electrodes present in the stack. In this way, the partial contact of the bond to the surface of at least the separators described above as being preferred can be achieved.
• the separator has the same width and / or length, preferably width as the anode, and the cathode has a somewhat smaller length and / or width, preferably width, than the separator, so that the anode and separators are flush and the cathode something sticks out in this pile. In this way, a dendrite growth can be largely prevented.
• Electrodes all known electrodes which can be used as cathodes or anodes can be present in the stack according to the invention. Possible electrodes can z. For example, JP 2003-086174, WO 99/62132 or EP 0 744 782, in which the preparation of cathodes is described and to which reference is expressly taken. Since the stacks are to be used in particular in Li accumulators, they preferably have as anodes on those having a trap foil on which the active materials are applied on both sides or on one side, preferably on both sides. The anodes preferably have copper foils or sheets as conductor foils. The active mass may, for.
• As carbon preferably graphite, but also hard carbon (amorphous carbon), metallic lithium, tin-based alloys, lithium titanate, metal nitrides or phosphides, which are capable of storing lithium, such as. B. C0N 3 , NiN 3 , CuN 3 , C0P 3 or FeP 2 , nitrides Li x MyN 2 , with M z. B.
• the stack according to the invention preferably has those which have an arrester foil on which the active composition is applied on both sides or on one side, preferably on both sides.
• the arrester foils of the cathodes are preferably aluminum foils or sheets.
• the active mass may, for. Lithium cobalt oxide LiCoO 2 , lithium manganese oxide (spinel) LiMn 2 O 4 and manganese oxide MnO 2 , lithium nickel oxide LiNiO 2 , mixed oxides, more particularly LiNii / 3C ⁇ i / 3Mni / 3 ⁇ 2 , LiNio sCoo 15AI005O 2 , lithium titanate Li 4 TIsOi 2 , lithium metal phosphate with olivine Structure, such.
• B. LiMPO 4 with M z. As Fe, Co or Mn and / or Nasicon structure such.
• B. Li 3 M 2 (PO 4 ) 3 with M z.
• B. LiMPO 4 F with M transition metal, vanadium oxides, such as. B. V 2 Os or LiV 3 ⁇ 8 or consist of one or more of these materials.
• Such and other suitable electrode materials and their preparation and the preparation of corresponding electrodes may, for.
• the electrodes used are preferably designed so that the arrester foil is not completely coated with active mass ), by means of which the electrodes can be connected to a battery pole, but it is also possible to use electrodes whose arrester foil is designed so that it directly represents an arrester (flag).
• the electrodes and separators are preferably arranged in the stack such that the active mass of the electrodes does not protrude beyond the edge of the separator at any point.
• electrodes and separators are arranged in the stack according to the invention such that the active mass of one electrode congruently faces the active mass of the counterelectrode separated by a separator. This avoids unwanted stray fields that can reduce the life of the batteries.
• the stack according to the invention may comprise all known separators suitable for use in a battery, in particular for use in a Li accumulator.
• separators consist predominantly of porous organic polymer films or of inorganic nonwovens, such as. B. fleeces of glass or ceramic materials or ceramic papers. These are used by various companies such. Celgard, Toning, Practice, Asahi, Binzer, Mitsubishi, Daramic and others.
• a typical organic separator consists for. B. polypropylene or a polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene composite.
• Such PP / PE / PP composite separators are z. B. by the company Celgard LLC z. B. under the name Celgard ® 2325 offered.
• the stacks according to the invention may preferably have hybrid separators which, in addition to a polymer, also have inorganic oxide particles. Such separators are z. B. in DE 199 18 856 described.
• the stacks according to the invention have separators which do not have a porous support with a porous inorganic, located on and in this support electrically conductive coating of bonded with an inorganic adhesive oxide particles, wherein the carrier has woven or non-woven polymer or glass fibers, preferably polymer fibers, or consists of these.
• separators are z. B. available from Degussa AG under the name SEPARION ® S240 P25 or SEPARION ® S450 P35. The preparation of such separators can, for.
• These documents can also be taken from various ways in which these hybrid separators can be equipped with a shutdown layer. If the stacks according to the invention have such separators equipped with cut-off layers or particles, the safety of the stacks or of the batteries having these stacks can be increased even further. Very particular preference, therefore, the stacks according to the invention have separators which are equipped with a shutdown layer or with shutdown particles.
• the stack according to the invention can, for. Example, be obtained by the inventive method described below for producing a stack of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes.
• the method according to the invention for producing a stack of alternately stacked and fixed separators and electrodes is characterized in that separators and electrodes are stacked alternately on an electrode and an adhesion is applied to at least one side of the stack thus obtained, at least one Side of the electrodes and separators present in the stack has a contact.
• the application of the bond on at least one side of the stack can, for. B. be done by an organic adhesive z. B. by dipping or by means of a hot glue gun, particularly preferably by means of spray heads for bead application, surface heads, spray heads, dosing valves, dispenser is applied to at least one side of the stack and the electrodes contained in the stack and separators are then not moved against each other until the adhesive is set or is cured.
• a hot glue gun particularly preferably by means of spray heads for bead application, surface heads, spray heads, dosing valves, dispenser is applied to at least one side of the stack and the electrodes contained in the stack and separators are then not moved against each other until the adhesive is set or is cured.
• the width of the bond can be adjusted.
• the amount of adhesive used can be used to adjust the thickness of the bond.
• An organic adhesive is preferably used in the method according to the invention for producing the bond, which is applied directly after application or in a period of up to 60 minutes after application, preferably within 0.01 to 60 minutes and particularly preferably within 5 to 10 minutes hardens or can be cured.
• the organic adhesive may in particular be a thermally, chemically or radiation-activated adhesive.
• a hot melt adhesive such.
• B. Vestoplast ® 608 Degussa or an epoxy adhesive, in particular a UV-crosslinkable epoxy adhesive such.
• the organic adhesive used is preferably a UV-crosslinking epoxy adhesive and particularly preferably an acrylate adhesive (also UV-crosslinked).
• the UV-crosslinkable adhesives are cured after application to the side of the stack within 0.1 to 60 minutes, preferably within 5 to 10 minutes by means of UV light of a wavelength of 10 to 380 nm, preferably from 315 to 380 nm. UV light of appropriate wavelength can z. B. be produced with a UV lamp of the type UV-F 400 from Panacol-Elosol.
• the side of the stack on which a bond is to be applied is compressed by applying pressure, preferably a pressure of at least 0.1 N / cm 2 , preferably from 1 to 10 N / cm 2 .
• This can be z. B. also be done by applying a corresponding pressure on the entire stack.
• the application of pressure can z. B. via pneumatic or hydraulic stamp suitable form.
• the pressing process is maintained until the adhesive is cured or at least partially cured. In this way it can be achieved that as little as possible adhesive penetrates into the surface between electrodes and separator and thus prevents the separator surface or surface of the active mass is clogged by adhesive and thus the ion transport is no longer available.
• the method according to the invention is carried out in such a way that first of all a plurality of stacks are used, using separating layers which are eg. B. from poorly glued with the adhesive used material such.
• separating layers which are eg. B. from poorly glued with the adhesive used material such.
• silicone or polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) are stacked and then one or more bonds are made. Subsequently, the stacks are separated again at the separating layers. In this way can be carried out in a single operation on several stack of bonds, whereby a higher production rate can be achieved.
• a separator is stacked between the electrodes, the separator preferably having a greater length and / or width than at least one of the two types of electrodes.
• a separator is used which has a width greater than 0.1 to 10 mm, preferably from 1 to 6 mm and preferably from 2 to 4 mm, than the width of the anodes and / or cathodes used.
• a separator is preferably used, which has a greater width than the width of the cathode used.
• the width of the anode, or the cathode, if the separator has a width greater than the width of the anode may also be smaller than the width of the separator, but is preferably the same size.
• separators and electrodes those described above can be used in the process according to the invention.
• the stacking of the electrodes and separators is preferably carried out in such a way that the active mass of the electrodes does not protrude beyond the edge of the separator at any point.
• electrodes and separators are stacked so that the active mass of one electrode congruent to the active mass of the counter electrode are separated by a separator.
• the electrodes are stacked so that the arrester foils do not touch electrodes of the same name (see Fig. 2).
• the stack according to the invention can, for. B. be used in a Li accumulator.
• Li-accumulators which contain a stack according to the invention can have, as electrolytes, lithium salts with large anions in carbonates as solvent.
• Suitable lithium salts are, for. LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiAsF 6 or LiPF 6 , with LiPF 6 being particularly preferred.
• suitable organic carbonates are, for. Example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate or diethyl carbonate or mixtures thereof.
• Fig. 1 the edge of a stack of electrodes and separator pockets according to the prior art is shown schematically.
• the cathodes K are plugged into separator pockets ST.
• the anode A is present between two separator pockets ST and in each case as cover layer.
• Fig. 2 the longitudinal side of a stack of electrodes and separators is shown schematically.
• S stands for the separators
• A for the anodes, which consist of the active mass aA, applied to the conductor foils eA
• K for the cathodes, which consist of the active
• Mass aK applied to the conductor sheets eK exist.
• L denotes the region in which the active mass of an electrode of the active masses of a
• This length is defined as the length on which a bond can theoretically be present.
• Fig. 3 the longitudinal side of a stack of electrodes and separators is shown schematically.
• S stands for the separators
• A for the anodes
• K for the cathodes.
• the distance between two bonds Kl is marked on the side of the stack.
• FIG. 4 schematically shows the longitudinal side of a stack of electrodes and separators.
• S stands for the separators
• A for the anodes
• K for the cathodes.
• the bond Kl in this case has a width corresponding to the maximum theoretical length L.
• FIG. 5 schematically shows an edge of the cross section of a stack of electrodes and separators according to the invention.
• the bond Kl bonds the edges of the cathodes K, the separators S and the anodes A.
• a part of a surface of the separator S is also in contact with the bond.
• FIG. 6 an edge of the cross section of a stack of electrodes and separators according to the invention is shown schematically, in which the adhesion is carried out without affecting the Side of the stack a sufficiently large pressure was applied. It can be seen that the adhesive of the bond Kl has passed into the spaces between cathodes K, anodes A and separators S, whereby the bonding covers a large part of the surface of the electrodes and the separators.
• separators SEPARION ® S 240 or S P25 were employed 450 P35, available from Degussa AG and EP 1509960 and DE 10208277 can be prepared according.
• Electrode A anode with the dimensions 70 mm x 131 mm (of which 7 mm uncoated copper on one of the narrow sides), as shown in FIG. 2, (Enax Inc., Japan) is a separator S240 P25, (Degussa AG, Germany) 72 mm x 126 mm, so that the separator projects beyond the electrodes in the area of the active material-coated copper foil by 1 mm on all sides.
• the counter electrode K having dimensions of 65 mm x 129 mm (including 9 mm of bare aluminum foil on one of the narrow sides) (cathode, Enax Inc., Japan) is laid, taking care that the separator covers the area of the active material coated aluminum foil completely covered on all sides.
• the electrodes are arranged so that the bare aluminum foils of the narrow sides of the cathode on one side of the stack and the bare copper foils of the narrow sides of the anodes on the opposite side of the stack protrude therefrom.
• further layers of electrodes are now separately stacked by separators, so that at the end of a stack consisting of 16 layers of anodes and 15 layers of cathodes and 30 layers of separators is obtained, which is limited by the anodes.
• the protruding according to FIG. 2 at the two opposite ends Ableitfolien respectively identically named electrodes are welded by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated areas with each other and with a metallic Ableitfähnchen (Ableitfähnchen not shown in Fig. 2).
• Comparative Example 2 Stacks with Welded Bags Separator pockets according to FIG. 1 are produced by first of all two layers of the separator S 450 P35 (Degussa AG, Germany) measuring 73 mm ⁇ 130 mm (4 mm projection on the longitudinal side for welding and retraction ) are welded to the two long sides with a hot press (JoKe, Germany). The welding is carried out at 280 0 C for 10 s at a contact pressure of 2500 N. Thereafter, a cathode of the dimension 65 mm x 129 mm shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into this pocket. Then, according to FIG. 1, a stack consisting of 16 anodes and 15 separator / cathode pockets is produced. The discharge electrodes of electrodes of the same name projecting at the two opposite ends of the stack are welded to one another by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated regions and to a metallic dissipation flag as in Comparative Example 1.
• Separator pockets according to FIG. 1 are produced by firstly adhering two layers of separator S 450 P35 (Degussa AG, Germany) of dimension 73 mm ⁇ 130 mm (4 mm projection on top of each side, for example, gluing and inserting) on the two longitudinal sides.
• a UV-curable acrylic adhesive Plex ® is used 9016-0 from Rohm GmbH, Germany.
• the adhesive is applied flat over a width of 3 mm from the edge to the surface.
• the two layers are placed on top of each other and the adhesive cured with light of a wavelength of about 315 to 380 nm for 15 min with a UV lamp UV-F 400 from Panacol-Elosol.
• a cathode of the dimension 65 mm x 129 mm shown in FIG. 1 is inserted into this bag. Then, according to FIG. 1, a stack consisting of 16 anodes and 15 separator / cathode pockets is produced. The at each of the opposite ends of the stack protruding Ableiterfolien respectively electrodes of the same name are welded by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated areas with each other and with a metallic Ableitfähnchen as in Comparative Example 1.
• Example 1 Stack with hot glue, glued over lines
• Electrode A anode with the dimensions 70 mm x 131 mm (including 7 mm Cu edge), as shown in FIG. 2, (Enax Inc., Japan) is a separator S240 P25, (Degussa AG, Germany) with the Dimensions 72 mm x 126 mm, so that the separator projects beyond the electrodes in the area of the active material coated copper foil on all sides by 1 mm.
• the electrodes are arranged so that the bare aluminum foils of the narrow sides of the cathode on one side of the stack and the bare copper foils of the narrow sides of the anodes on the opposite side of the stack protrude therefrom. Alternately, more layers of electrodes are now stacked separately by separators, so that at the end of a stack consisting of 16 layers of anodes and 15 layers of cathodes and 30 layers of separators is formed, which is limited by the anodes.
• This stack is slightly compressed by metal plates above and below the stack with 10 N / cm 2 and provided according to FIG. 3 at 3 locations on the outside of the stack, each with a bead of adhesive, which with a hot glue gun GKP 200 CE from Bosch, Gerept, Germany are applied.
• the adhesive consists of a hot glue Vestoplast ® 608 of Degussa AG, Germany.
• each eponymous electrodes are welded by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated areas with each other and with a metallic Ableitfähnchen
• This stack is used to build a laminate sheet battery by carefully placing the stack in an aluminum case.
• the cell is welded to a vacuum welding system Audionvac (VMS 103, FA, Audion Elektro GmbH, NL).
• VMS 103 vacuum welding system Audionvac
• EC: DEC (1: 1) UBE Japan the housing, which is still open at a small point, is filled with electrolyte 1 M LiPF 6 in EC: DEC (1: 1) UBE Japan. Following this, the cell is also closed with the vacuum welder and then connected to the Series 4000 Charger (Maccor, USA).
• This battery can be easily formed and charged.
• Comparative Example 1 there are no short circuits, because the layers are well fixed against each other.
• Comparative Examples 2 and 3 the process time could be significantly shortened, since the bonding of the entire stack can be done batchwise in parallel.
• the accumulators have a higher energy density, as can be dispensed with the two-sided supernatant of 4 mm at the pockets.
• Example 2 Stack with UV-crosslinking acrylate adhesive, glued over lines
• Electrode A anode with the dimensions 70 mm x 131 mm (including 7 mm uncoated copper on a narrow side), as shown in FIG. 2, (Enax Inc., Japan) is a separator S240 P25 with the dimensions 72 mm x 126 mm, (Degussa AG, Germany), so that the separator projects beyond the electrodes by 1 mm on all sides in the region of the active material-coated copper foil.
• the counterelectrode with the dimensions 65 mm x 129 mm (of which 9 mm bare aluminum foil on a narrow side) (cathode, Enax Inc., Japan) is placed, whereby it is to be ensured that the separator completely covers the area of the active material coated aluminum foil covered on all sides.
• the electrodes are arranged so that the bare aluminum foils of the narrow sides of the cathodes on one side of the stack and the bare copper foils of the narrow sides of the anodes on the opposite side of the stack protrude therefrom.
• This stack which is slightly compressed by metal plates above and below the stack with 10 N / cm 2 , is provided according to Fig. 3 in 3 places (about 2 ml) with a glue line, which are applied with a pipette.
• the glue is made of UV-curing
• Acrylic adhesive Plex ® 9016-0 from Rohm GmbH, Germany.
• the glue comes with a UV lamp UV-F 400 from Panacol-Elosol for 15 min with a wavelength of about 315-380 nm hardened.
• each eponymous electrodes are welded by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated areas with each other and with a metallic Ableitfähnchen.
• This stack is used to build a laminate sheet battery by carefully placing the stack in an aluminum case.
• the cell is welded to a vacuum welding system Audionvac (VMS 103, FA, Audion Elektro GmbH, NL).
• Electrolyte 1 M LiPF 6 in EC: DEC (1: 1) UBE Japan is introduced into the housing, which is still open at a small point. Following this, the cell is also closed with the vacuum welder and then connected to the Series 4000 Charger (Maccor, USA).
• This battery can also be formed and charged without problems.
• Comparative Example 1 there are no short circuits in any case, since the layers are fixed well against each other.
• Comparative Examples 2 and 3 the process time could also be significantly shortened, since the bonding of the entire stack can be carried out batchwise in parallel.
• the accumulators have a higher energy density, as can be dispensed with the two-sided supernatant of 4 mm in the pockets.
• EXAMPLE 3 Stack with UV Crosslinking Acrylate Adhesive Bonded Over the Whole Side Area On an Electrode A (Anode) with the Dimensions 70 mm ⁇ 131 mm (Including 7 mm Cu Edge)
• Electrode A (Anode) with the Dimensions 70 mm ⁇ 131 mm (Including 7 mm Cu Edge)
• a separator S240 P25 with the dimensions 72 mm x 126 mm, (Degussa AG, Germany), placed so that the separator projects beyond the electrodes in the range of coated with active material copper foil on all sides by 1 mm.
• the counter electrode 65 mm by 129 mm (of which 9 mm is bare aluminum foil) (cathode, Enax Inc., Japan) is placed thereon, care being taken that the separator completely covers the area of the active material coated aluminum foil on all sides.
• the electrodes are arranged so that the bare ones Aluminum foils of the narrow sides of the cathodes on one side of the stack and the bare copper foils of the narrow sides of the anodes on the opposite side of the stack protrude therefrom. Alternately, more layers of electrodes are now stacked separately by separators, so that at the end of a stack consisting of 16 layers of anodes and 15 layers of cathodes and 30 layers of separators is formed, which is limited by the anodes.
• This stack which is slightly compressed by metal plates above and below the stack with 10 N / cm 2 is provided over its entire surface in the region of the width L with an adhesive layer as shown in FIG.
• the adhesive consists of UV-curing acrylate Plex ® 9016-0 from Rohm GmbH, Germany.
• the adhesive is applied by dipping the side surface in an adhesive bath. Forming noses of glue are scraped off with a spatula.
• the adhesive is cured with a UV lamp of type UV-F 400 from Panacol Elosol for 15 min at a wavelength of about 315 to 380 nm.
• each eponymous electrodes are welded by ultrasonic welding to the non-coated areas with each other and with a metallic Ableitfähnchen
• This stack is used to build a laminate sheet battery by carefully placing the stack in an aluminum case.
• the cell comes with a
• Electrolyte 1 M LiPF 6 in EC: DEC (1: 1) is placed in the housing which is still open at a small point
• Vacuum welding machine closed and then connected to the charger Series 4000 (Maccor, USA).
• This battery can also be formed and charged without problems.
• Comparative Example 1 there are no short circuits in any case, since the layers are fixed well against each other.
• Comparative Examples 2 and 3 the process time could also be significantly shortened, since the bonding of the entire stack can be carried out batchwise in parallel.
• the accumulators have a higher energy density, as can be dispensed with the two-sided supernatant of 4 mm in the pockets. The Handling is further improved over the two examples 1 and 2 with partial bonding.

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• 2005
  • 2005-09-08 DE DE102005042916A patent/DE102005042916A1/de not_active Ceased
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• 2006
  • 2006-09-05 EP EP06793224A patent/EP1922780A1/de not_active Withdrawn
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  • 2006-09-05 US US12/066,146 patent/US20080274394A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-09-05 WO PCT/EP2006/066012 patent/WO2007028790A1/de active Application Filing
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