EP1918407B1 - Alliage légèrement magnétique à base de fer et de cobalt ainsi que son procédé de fabrication - Google Patents

Alliage légèrement magnétique à base de fer et de cobalt ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Download PDF

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EP1918407B1
EP1918407B1 EP07113372A EP07113372A EP1918407B1 EP 1918407 B1 EP1918407 B1 EP 1918407B1 EP 07113372 A EP07113372 A EP 07113372A EP 07113372 A EP07113372 A EP 07113372A EP 1918407 B1 EP1918407 B1 EP 1918407B1
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weight
soft magnetic
alloy according
magnetic alloy
alloy
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EP1918407A1 (fr
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Joachim Dr. Gerster
Witold Dr. Pieper
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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Vacuumschmelze GmbH and Co KG
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
    • H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
    • H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
    • H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
    • H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
    • H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
    • H01F1/14708—Fe-Ni based alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/30—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with cobalt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/166—Selection of particular materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
    • C21D8/1244—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties the heat treatment(s) being of interest
    • C21D8/1272—Final recrystallisation annealing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M2200/90—Selection of particular materials
    • F02M2200/9053—Metals
    • F02M2200/9061—Special treatments for modifying the properties of metals used for fuel injection apparatus, e.g. modifying mechanical or electromagnetic properties

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a soft magnetic iron-cobalt-based alloy having a cobalt content of 10% by weight (wt .-%) to 22 wt .-%, and a method for producing the alloy and a method for producing semi-finished from this alloy , in particular of magnetic components for actuator systems.
  • Soft magnetic alloys based on iron-cobalt have a high saturation magnetization and can therefore be used to form high-force and / or small-volume electromagnetic actuator systems.
  • a typical application of these alloys are solenoid valves, such as solenoid valves for fuel injection in internal combustion engines.
  • Soft magnetic alloys based on iron-cobalt with a cobalt content of 10 wt .-% to 22 wt .-% are for example from US 7,128,790 known.
  • the switching frequency can be limited due to the resulting eddy currents. Further, improvements in the strength of the magnetic cores in continuous operation in high frequency actuator systems are desired.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an alloy which is better suited for use as a magnetic core in fast-switching actuators.
  • a soft magnetic alloy consists of 10% by weight ⁇ Co ⁇ 22% by weight, 0% by weight ⁇ V ⁇ 4% by weight, 1.5% by weight ⁇ Cr ⁇ 5% by weight, 1 wt .-% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 2 wt .-%, 0 wt .-% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1 wt .-%, 0.5 wt .-% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5 wt .-%, 0.1 wt .-% ⁇ Al ⁇ 1.0 wt .-%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • the alloy has impurities such as a maximum of 200 ppm of nitrogen, a maximum of 400 ppm of carbon and a maximum of 100 ppm of oxygen.
  • the alloy according to the invention has a higher specific resistance compared with the binary Co-Fe alloy, which leads to a suppression of the eddy currents, with the lowest possible lowering of the saturation polarization. This is achieved by the alloying of the non-magnetic elements. Further, the alloy has higher strength due to the content of Al and Si. This alloy is suitable for use as a magnetic core of a fast-switching actuator system, such as a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine.
  • Al, V and Si also increase the electrical resistance while raising the annealing temperature.
  • an alloy with high resistance, high saturation and high annealing temperature and thus good soft magnetic properties can be specified.
  • the alloy has higher strength due to the content of Al and Si.
  • the alloy is cold-workable and ductile in the final annealed condition.
  • the alloy can have an elongation A L of> 2%, preferably A L > 20%.
  • the elongation A L is measured during tensile tests.
  • This alloy is suitable for use as a magnetic core of a fast-switching actuator system, such as a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine.
  • the alloy should also have high electrical resistivity and good soft magnetic properties.
  • This alloy thus has a cobalt content of 10% by weight ⁇ Co ⁇ 22% by weight.
  • a low cobalt content reduces the raw material cost of the alloy, making it suitable for high cost pressure applications, such as in the automotive industry.
  • the maximum permeability is high within this range, which leads to cheaper lower drive currents when used as an actuator.
  • the alloy has a cobalt content of 14 wt% ⁇ Co ⁇ 22 wt% and 14 wt% ⁇ Co ⁇ 20 wt%.
  • the soft magnetic alloy of the magnetic core has a content of chromium and manganese, which leads to a higher electrical resistivity p in the annealed state with little decrease in saturation. This higher resistivity allows smaller switching times for an actuator as eddy currents are reduced. At the same time, the alloy has a high saturation and a high permeability ⁇ max , so that good soft magnetic properties are maintained.
  • the elements Si and Al of the alloy provide improved strength of the alloy without significantly degrading the soft magnetic properties.
  • the strength of the alloy can be significantly increased by solid solution hardening, without a significant deterioration of the soft magnetic properties.
  • the aluminum content and vanadium content according to the invention enables a higher annealing temperature, which leads to good soft magnetic properties of the coercive force H c and the maximum permeability ⁇ max leads.
  • High permeability is desired, as this leads to lower drive currents when using the alloy as a magnetic core or flux guide of an actuator.
  • the alloy has a silicon content of 0.5% by weight ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.0% by weight.
  • the content of Mo has been kept low to prevent the formation of carbides, which may lead to deterioration of the magnetic properties.
  • the content of aluminum and silicon is from 0.6% by weight ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 1.5% by weight, so that brittleness and processing problems that may occur with higher total contents of aluminum and silicon are avoided ,
  • the content of the elements is chromium and manganese and molybdenum and aluminum and silicon and vanadium 4.0 wt% ⁇ (Cr + Mn + Mo + Al + Si + V) ⁇ 9.0 wt%.
  • This alloy has an even higher resistivity compared to the binary CoFe alloy, which leads to a suppression of the eddy currents, at the same time the saturation polarization is lowered as little as possible and the coercive field strength H c is even less increased.
  • the content of chromium and manganese and molybdenum and aluminum and silicon and vanadium in one embodiment is 6.0% by weight ⁇ Cr + Mn + Mo + Al + Si + V ⁇ 9.0% by weight.
  • the soft magnetic alloy consists of 10 wt% ⁇ Co ⁇ 22 wt%, 0 wt% ⁇ V ⁇ 1 wt%, 1.5 wt% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 3 wt. %, 1 wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 2 wt%, 0 wt% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1 wt%, 0.5 wt% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5 wt%, 0 , 1 wt .-% ⁇ Al ⁇ 1.0 wt .-%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities.
  • It can have a content of aluminum and silicon of 0.6% by weight ⁇ Al + Si ⁇ 1.5% by weight and / or a content of chromium and manganese and molybdenum and aluminum and silicon of 4.5% by weight.
  • the alloy contains 0 wt% ⁇ V ⁇ 2.0 wt%, 1.6 wt% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 2.5 wt%, 1.25 wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.5 wt%, 0 wt% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.02 wt%, 0.6 wt% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.9 wt%, and 0.2 wt% ⁇ Al ⁇ 0.7% by weight.
  • the alloy contains 0 wt% ⁇ V ⁇ 0.01 wt%, 2.3 wt% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 3.0 wt%, 1.25 wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.5 wt%, 0.75 wt% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1 wt%, 0.6 wt% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.9 wt% and 0.1 wt% ⁇ Al ⁇ 0.2 wt .-%.
  • the alloy contains 0.75 wt% ⁇ V ⁇ 2.75 wt%, 2.3 wt% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 3.5 wt%, 1.25 wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 1.5 wt%, 0 wt% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 0.01 wt%, 0.6 wt% ⁇ Si ⁇ 0.9 wt% and 0.2 wt% % ⁇ Al ⁇ 1.0 wt%.
  • These three alloys have a preferred combination of high electrical resistance, high saturation, and low coercivity.
  • Alloys with the abovementioned compositions have a specific electrical resistance ⁇ > 0.50 ⁇ m or ⁇ > 0.55 ⁇ m or ⁇ > 0.60 ⁇ m or ⁇ > 0.65 ⁇ m. This value provides for an alloy, so that when used as a magnetic core of an actuator system lower eddy currents. This allows the use of the alloy in actuator systems with higher switching times.
  • the proportion of the elements aluminum and silicon in the alloy according to the invention leads to an alloy with a yield strength of R p0.2 > 340 MPa. This higher strength of the alloy can extend the life of the alloy when used as a magnetic core of an actuator system. This is attractive in using the alloy in high frequency actuator systems, such as fuel injection valves in internal combustion engines.
  • the alloy according to the invention has good soft magnetic properties as well as good strength and high electrical resistivity.
  • the alloy has a saturation of J (400A / cm)> 2.00 T or> 1.90 T, and / or a coercive force H c ⁇ 3.5 A / cm or H c ⁇ 2.0 A / cm or and / or H c ⁇ 1.0 A / cm has a maximum permeability ⁇ max > 1000 or ⁇ max > 2000.
  • the inventive content of chromium and manganese and molybdenum and aluminum and silicon and vanadium is between 4.0 wt .-% and 9.0 wt .-%. This higher content allows to provide an alloy that has a higher electrical resistance of ⁇ > 0.6 ⁇ m and a low coercive force H c ⁇ 2.0 A / cm. This combination of properties is particularly suitable for use with fast switching actuators.
  • the invention further provides a soft magnetic core or flux guide for an electromagnetic actuator made of an alloy according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • This soft magnetic core is in various embodiments a soft magnetic core for a solenoid valve of an internal combustion engine, a soft magnetic core for a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine, a soft magnetic core for a direct fuel injection valve of a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, or a soft magnetic component for electromagnetic valve timing such as intake and exhaust valves.
  • the different actuator systems such as solenoid valves and fuel injection valves have different requirements for strength and magnetic properties. These requirements can be met by selecting an alloy having a composition within the ranges described above.
  • the invention also provides a fuel injection valve of an internal combustion engine with a soft magnetic alloy component according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the fuel injector is a direct fuel injection valve of a gasoline engine and a direct fuel injection valve of a diesel engine.
  • the invention provides an electromagnetic actuator return member and a soft magnetic rotor and a soft magnetic stator for an electric motor and a soft magnetic component for electromagnetic valve timing on an intake valve or exhaust valve used in an engine compartment of, for example, a motor vehicle, of an alloy according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the invention also provides a process for the production of semi-finished products from a cobalt-iron alloy, in which workpieces made of a soft magnetic alloy are first produced by melting and hot working, which consist of 10% by weight ⁇ Co ⁇ 22% by weight, 0 wt% ⁇ V ⁇ 4 wt%, 1.5 wt% ⁇ Cr ⁇ 5 wt%, 1 wt% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 2 wt%, 0 wt% ⁇ Mo ⁇ 1 wt .-%, 0.5 wt .-% ⁇ Si ⁇ 1.5 wt .-%, 0.1 wt .-% ⁇ Al ⁇ 1.0 wt .-%, balance iron and unavoidable impurities ,
  • the alloy of the workpieces can also have a composition according to one of the preceding embodiments.
  • the alloy can be melted by various methods. In theory, all common techniques are possible, such as air melting or VIM (vacuum induction melting). For this, e.g. the arc furnace or inductive techniques are used. Treatment with VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization) or AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) or ESU (Electric Slag Remelting) improves the quality of the product.
  • VIM vacuum induction melting
  • the VIM method is preferred, since thus the contents of the alloying elements more exactly can be set and non-metallic inclusions in the solidified alloy can be better avoided.
  • the melting process is followed by a different series of process steps, depending on the semifinished product to be produced.
  • the ingot resulting from the melting process is converted by pre-blocking into a slab.
  • Preblocking is understood to mean the forming of the ingot into a rectangular section slab by a hot rolling operation at a temperature of, for example, 1250 ° C. After blooming, the scale formed on the surface of the slab is removed by grinding. The grinding is followed by another hot rolling process by which the slab is formed into a strip at a temperature of, for example, 1250 ° C. Subsequently, the impurities formed on the surface of the belt during hot rolling are removed by grinding or pickling, and the strip is cold-worked to the final thickness, which may be in the range of 0.1 mm to 2 mm. Finally, the tape is subjected to a final annealing. During final annealing, the lattice defects resulting from the forming processes heal and crystalline grains are formed in the microstructure.
  • the manufacturing process is when turning parts are produced.
  • billets are made by pre-blocking the ingot with a square cross-section.
  • the so-called pre-blocking takes place at a temperature of for example 1250 ° C.
  • the scale formed during pre-blocking is removed by grinding.
  • Another hot rolling process through which the billets in bars or wires up to a diameter of, for example 13 mm to be formed.
  • distortions of the material are corrected and, on the other hand, the impurities forming on the surface during the hot rolling process are removed.
  • the material is subjected to a final annealing.
  • the final annealing can be carried out in a temperature range of 700 ° C to 1100 ° C. In one embodiment, the final annealing is carried out in the temperature range from 750 ° C to 850 ° C.
  • the final annealing can be carried out under inert gas, hydrogen or vacuum.
  • the conditions such as temperature and duration of the final annealing can be selected so that after the final annealing the alloy has tensile strain parameters of elongation at break A L > 2% or A L > 20%.
  • the alloy is cold worked prior to final annealing.
  • a coil 22 is supplied with power from a current source 23, so that upon energization of the coil 22, a magnetic field is induced.
  • the coil 22 is disposed around the magnetic core 21 so that, due to the induced magnetic field, the magnetic core 21 moves from a first position 24 indicated by the dashed line in FIG FIG. 1 is shown to a second position 25.
  • the first position 24 is a closed position and the second position is an open position. Consequently, the current 26 is controlled by the channel 27 from the actuator system 20.
  • the actuator system 20 is a fuel injection valve of a gasoline engine or a diesel engine, or a direct fuel injection valve of a gasoline engine or a diesel engine.
  • the soft magnetic alloy of the magnetic core 21 has a content of chromium and manganese, which leads to a specific electrical resistance p in the annealed state of 0.572 ⁇ m. This higher resistivity allows for smaller shutter times on the actuator as eddy currents are reduced. At the same time, the alloy has a high saturation J (400 A / cm), measured at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, of 2.137 T and a permeability ⁇ max of 1915, so that good soft magnetic properties are maintained.
  • the elements Si and Al of the alloy provide improved strength of the magnetic core 21 without significantly deteriorating the soft magnetic properties.
  • the yield strength R p0.2 of this alloy is 402 Mpa.
  • the aluminum content enables a higher annealing temperature, which leads to good soft magnetic properties of a coercive force H c of only 2.57 A / cm and a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 1915. A high permeability is desired because this leads to lower drive currents when using the alloy as the magnetic core of an actuator.
  • the content of Mo has been kept low to prevent the formation of carbides, which may lead to deterioration of the magnetic properties.
  • Table 1 shows compositions of various alloys according to the invention.
  • the alloy is first melted in a melting process 1.
  • the alloy can be melted by various methods. In theory, all common techniques are possible, such as air melting or VIM (vacuum induction melting). For example, the arc furnace or inductive Techniques are used. Treatment with VOD (Vacuum Oxygen Decarburization) or AOD (Argon Oxygen Decarburization) or ESU (Electric Slag Remelting) improves the quality of the product.
  • VIM vacuum induction melting
  • AOD Aractive Oxygen Decarburization
  • ESU Electro Slag Remelting
  • the VIM method is preferred because it allows the content of the alloying elements to be adjusted more accurately and non-metallic inclusions in the solidified alloy can be better avoided.
  • the melting process 1, depending on the semifinished product to be produced, is followed by a different series of process steps.
  • the ingot resulting from the melting process 1 is converted by pre-blocking 2 into a slab.
  • Pre-blocking is understood to mean the forming of the ingot into a slab of rectangular cross-section by a hot rolling operation at a temperature of 1250 ° C.
  • the scale formed on the surface of the slab is removed by grinding 3.
  • the grinding 3 is followed by another hot rolling process 4, by which the slab is formed at a temperature of 1250 ° C in a band having a thickness of, for example, 3.5 mm.
  • the impurities formed on the surface of the strip during hot rolling are removed by grinding or pickling 5, and the strip is cold-rolled 6 to the final thickness in the range of 0.1 to 2 mm.
  • the strip is subjected to a final annealing 7 at a temperature of> 700 ° C. During final annealing, the lattice defects resulting from the forming processes heal and crystalline grains are formed in the microstructure.
  • the manufacturing process is when turning parts are produced.
  • billets are made by pre-blocking 8 of the ingot with a square cross-section.
  • the so-called pre-blocking takes place at a temperature of 1250 ° C.
  • the scale formed during pre-blocking 8 is removed by grinding 9.
  • another hot rolling operation 10 by which the billets are converted into rods or wires up to a diameter of 13 mm.
  • straightening and peeling 11 on the one hand, distortions of the material are corrected and, on the other hand, the impurities forming during the hot rolling process 10 are removed on the surface.
  • the material is also subjected to a final annealing 12 here.
  • the coercive force H c was measured as a function of the annealing temperature for the alloys of Table 1. The results are in the FIG. 3 shown. From the FIG. 3 It can be seen that as the temperature increases, the coercive field strength initially decreases and increases at even higher temperatures, which are at the boundary to the two-phase region.
  • the annealing temperature is selected according to the composition, so that the coercive force remains low.
  • the annealing was carried out at a temperature of 760 ° C.
  • FIG. 4 shows the coercive force for the alloys 1 to 4, 8, 10, 11 and 13.
  • the alloys 8, 10, 11 and 13 were also cold worked after hot rolling.
  • the alloys 1 to 4 were only hot rolled.
  • the FIG. 4 shows the influence of different alloying elements on H c at different annealing temperatures.
  • the increase of H c shows the upper limit of the ferritic phase.
  • Alloys 2, 10, 11 and 13 having a lower H c at higher annealing temperatures have an aluminum content of at least 0.68 wt%.
  • Alloys 10 and 11 have a particularly low coercive force H c of less than 1.5 A / cm at annealing temperatures above 850 ° C.
  • These alloys have an aluminum content of 0.84% by weight and 0.92% by weight and a vanadium content of 2.51% by weight and 1.00% by weight, respectively.
  • the phase transition temperature is further shifted upwards. This has the advantage that the magnetic properties can be further improved by using a higher annealing temperature.
  • the specific electrical resistance p of each alloy is above 0.5 ⁇ m. This leads to a suppression of the eddy currents, so that the alloys are suitable for actuator applications with short switching times.
  • the yield strength was measured for the alloys 1 to 7 in the magnetically final annealed condition and is above 340 MPa for each alloy. These alloys can thus be used in applications where higher mechanical loads arise.
  • An alloy according to a first embodiment consists of 18.1 wt .-% Co, 2.24 wt .-% Cr, 1.40 wt .-% Mn, 0.01 wt .-% Mo, 0.83 wt. % Si, 0.24 wt% Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 760 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.542 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 2.34 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm) of 2.029 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.146 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 2314, a yield strength R m of 623 MPa, R p0 , 2 of 411 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 29.6% and an E modulus of 220 GPa.
  • An alloy according to a second embodiment consists of 18.2 wt .-% Co, 1.67 wt .-% Cr, 1.39 wt .-% Mn, 0.01 wt .-% Mo, 0.82 wt. % Si, 0.68 wt% Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 800 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.533 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.94 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), 2.019 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.151 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 1815 , a yield strength R m of 661MPa, R p0.2 of 385 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 25.4% and an E modulus of 221 GPa.
  • An alloy according to a third embodiment consists of 18.3 wt .-% Co, 2.62 wt .-% Cr, 1.37 wt .-% Mn, 0.01 wt .-% Mo, 0.85 wt. % Si, 0.21 wt.% Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 760 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.572 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 2.57 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 2.021 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), of 2.137 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 1915, a yield strength R m of 632 MPa, R p0 , 2 of 402 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 28.0% and an E modulus of 217 GPa.
  • An alloy according to a fourth embodiment consists of 18.3 wt .-% Co, 2.42 wt .-% Cr, 1.45 wt .-% Mn, 0.01 wt .-% Mo, 0.67 wt. % Si, 0.23 wt% Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 730 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.546 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 2.73 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 2.037 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.156T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 2046, a yield strength R m of 615 MPa, R p0.2 of 395 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 29.5% and an E modulus of 223 GPa on.
  • An alloy according to a fifth embodiment consists of 15.40 wt .-% Co, 2.34 wt .-% Cr, 1.27 wt .-% Mn, 0.85 wt .-% Si, 0.23 wt. % Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 760 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.5450 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.30 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 1.986 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), of 2.105T and a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 3241.
  • An alloy according to a sixth embodiment consists of 18.10 wt .-% Co, 2.30 wt .-% Cr, 1.37 wt .-% Mn, 0.83 wt .-% Si, 0.24 wt. % Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 760 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.5591 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.39 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 2.027 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), of 2.138 T and a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 2869.
  • An alloy according to a seventh embodiment consists of 21.15 wt .-% Co, 2.31 wt .-% Cr, 1.38 wt .-% Mn, 0.84 wt .-% Si, 0.23 wt. % Al, balance Fe and was prepared as described above.
  • the alloy was annealed at 760 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.5627 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.93 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 2.066 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), of 2.165 T and a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 1527.
  • the sum of the additions is slightly higher and is between 6 wt .-% and 9 wt .-%.
  • These alloys each have a specific electrical resistance ⁇ el ⁇ 0.60 ⁇ m in the annealed state.
  • An alloy according to an eighth embodiment consists of 18.0 wt% Co, 2.66 wt% Cr, 1.39 wt% Mn, ⁇ 0.01 wt% Mo, 0.87 wt. % Si, 0.17 wt% Al, 1.00 wt% V, balance Fe and was prepared as described above. This alloy was cold worked even after hot rolling.
  • the alloy was annealed at 780 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.627 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.40 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 1.977 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.088 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 2862, a yield strength R m of 605 MPa, R p0.2 of 374 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 29.7% and an E modulus of 222 GPa.
  • An alloy according to a ninth embodiment consists of 18.0% by weight of Co, 2.60% by weight of Cr, 1.35% by weight of Mn, 0.99% by weight of Mo, 0.84% by weight. % Si, 0.17 wt% Al, ⁇ 0.01 wt% V, balance Fe and was prepared as described above. In addition, this alloy was cold worked.
  • the alloy was annealed at 780 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.604 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 2.13 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 21.969 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.092 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 1656, a yield strength R m of 636 MPa, R p0 , 2 of 389 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 29.2% and an E-modulus of 222 GPa.
  • An alloy according to a tenth embodiment consists of 18.0 wt% Co, 1.85 wt% Cr, 1.33 wt% Mn, ⁇ 0.01 wt% Mo, 0.86 wt. % Si, 0.84 wt% Al, 2.51 wt% V, balance Fe and was prepared as described above. Thereafter, the alloy was cold worked.
  • the alloy was annealed at 870 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.716 ⁇ m, a coercive field strength H c of 0.95 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 1.920 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A) / cm), from 2.015 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 4038.
  • This alloy of the tenth embodiment has a particularly advantageous combination of a high resistivity ⁇ el of 0.716 ⁇ m, a low coercive force H c of 0.95 A / cm, and a high saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), from 1.920 T up.
  • An alloy according to an eleventh embodiment consists of 12.0 wt% Co, 2.65 wt% Cr, 1.38 wt% Mn, ⁇ 0.01 wt% Mo, 0.85 wt. % Si, 0.92 wt.% Al, 1.00 wt.% V, remainder Fe and was prepared as described above and additionally clearly deformed.
  • the alloy was annealed at 820 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.658 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 0.72 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 1.880 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), 2.008 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 5590, a yield strength R m of 525 MPa, R p0 , 2 of 346 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 33.5% and an E modulus of 216 GPa.
  • the alloy according to the eleventh embodiment has a particularly advantageous combination of high resistivity ⁇ el of 0.658 ⁇ m, low coercive force H c of 0.72 A / cm, and high saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), 1.880 T on.
  • the twelfth alloy is not according to the invention since the Co content is greater than 22% by weight.
  • An alloy according to a thirteenth embodiment consists of 18.0 wt% Co, 3.00 wt% Cr, 1.32 wt% Mn, ⁇ 0.01 wt% Mo, 0.86 wt. % Si, 0.84 wt% Al, 2.01 wt% V, balance Fe and was prepared as described above and cold worked after hot rolling.
  • the alloy was annealed at 820 ° C and, when annealed, has a resistivity ⁇ el of 0.769 ⁇ m, a coercive force H c of 1.14 A / cm, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 160 A / cm, J (160 A / cm), of 1.896 T, a saturation J at a magnetic field strength of 400 A / cm, J (400 A / cm), of 1, 985 T, a maximum permeability ⁇ max of 3499, a yield strength R m of 674 MPa, R p0.2 of 396 MPa, an elongation at break AL of 33.3% and an E-modulus of 218 GPa.

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Claims (46)

  1. Alliage magnétique doux formé de 10 % en poids ≤ Co ≤ 22 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 4 % en poids, 1,5 % en poids ≤ Cr ≤ 5 % en poids, 1 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 2 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ Mo ≤ 1 % en poids, 0,5 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 1,5 % en poids, 0,1 % en poids ≤ Al ≤ 1,0 % en poids, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables.
  2. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par une teneur en cobalt de 14 % en poids ≤ Co ≤ 22 % en poids.
  3. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par une teneur en cobalt de 14 % en poids ≤ Co ≤ 20 % en poids.
  4. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en vanadium de 0 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 2 % en poids.
  5. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en molybdène de 0 % en poids < Mo ≤ 0,5 % en poids.
  6. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en manganèse de 1,25 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 % en poids.
  7. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en silicium de 0,5 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 1,0 % en poids.
  8. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en aluminium et en silicium de 0,6 % en poids ≤ Al + Si ≤ 2 % en poids.
  9. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une teneur en chrome, en manganèse, en molybdène, en aluminium, en silicium et en vanadium de 4,0 % en poids ≤ Cr+Mn+Mo+Al+Si+V ≤ 9,0 % en poids.
  10. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par les teneurs suivantes : 0 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 2 % en poids, 1,6 % en poids ≤ Cr ≤ 2,5 % en poids, 1,25 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ Mo ≤ 0,02 % en poids, 0,6 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 0,9 % en poids et 0,2 % en poids ≤ Al ≤ 0,7 % en poids.
  11. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par les teneurs suivantes : 0 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 0,01 % en poids, 2,3 % en poids ≤ Cr ≤ 3,0 % en poids, 1,25 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 % en poids, 0,75 % en poids ≤ Mo ≤ 1 % en poids, 0,6 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 0,9 % en poids et 0,1 % en poids ≤ Al ≤ 0,2 % en poids.
  12. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par les teneurs suivantes : 0,75 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 2,75 % en poids, 2,3 % en poids ≤ Cr ≤ 3,5 % en poids, 1,25 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 1,5 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ Mo ≤ 0,01 % en poids, 0,6 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 0,9 % en poids et 0,7 % en poids ≤ Al ≤ 1,0 % en poids.
  13. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage, après le recuit final, présente un allongement à la rupture en essai de traction AL> 2 %.
  14. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage, après le recuit final, présente un allongement à la rupture en essai de traction AL> 20 %.
  15. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une résistance électrique spécifique ρ > 0,50 µΩm.
  16. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 15, caractérisé par une résistance électrique spécifique ρ > 0,55 µΩm.
  17. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par une résistance électrique spécifique ρ > 0,60 µΩm.
  18. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 17, caractérisé par une résistance électrique spécifique ρ > 0,65 µΩm.
  19. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une limite d'élasticité Rp0,2 > 340 MPa.
  20. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une saturation avec J(400 A/cm)> 1,90 T.
  21. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 20, caractérisé par une saturation avec J(400 A/cm)> 2,00 T.
  22. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une intensité de champ coercitif Hc < 3,5 A/cm.
  23. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 22, caractérisé par une intensité de champ coercitif Hc < 2,0 A/cm.
  24. Alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par une perméabilité maximale µmax > 1000.
  25. Alliage magnétique doux selon la revendication 24, caractérisé par une perméabilité maximale µmax > 2000.
  26. Noyau magnétique doux pour un acteur électromagnétique formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  27. Noyau magnétique doux pour une valve magnétique d'un moteur à combustion formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  28. Noyau magnétique doux pour une valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur à combustion formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  29. Noyau magnétique doux pour une valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur à essence à injection directe formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  30. Noyau magnétique doux pour une valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur diesel à injection directe formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  31. Valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur à combustion comportant une composante formée en alliage magnétique doux selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  32. Valve d'un injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que la valve de l'injecteur de carburant est une valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur à essence à injection directe.
  33. Valve d'un injecteur de carburant selon la revendication 31, caractérisé en ce que la valve de l'injecteur de carburant est une valve d'un injecteur de carburant d'un moteur diesel à injection directe.
  34. Rotor magnétique doux pour un moteur électrique formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  35. Stator magnétique doux pour un moteur électrique formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  36. Rotor magnétique doux pour un moteur électrique formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  37. Composant magnétique doux pour une réglage électromagnétique d'une valve d'admission ou d'une valve d'échappement, utilisée dans un compartiment moteur, formé en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  38. Pièce de fourche pour un acteur électromagnétique formée en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  39. Pièce de fourche pour une valve magnétique formée en alliage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 25.
  40. Procédé de fabrication de produits semi-finis à partir d'un alliage de cobalt et de fer, dans lequel on fabrique d'abord par fusion (1) et par façonnage à chaud (4, 10)des pièces à partir d'un alliage magnétique doux formé de 10 % en poids ≤ Co ≤ 22 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ V ≤ 4 % en poids, 1,5 % en poids ≤ Cr ≤ 5 % en poids, 1 % en poids ≤ Mn ≤ 2 % en poids, 0 % en poids ≤ Mo ≤ 1 % en poids, 0,5 % en poids ≤ Si ≤ 1,5 % en poids, 0,1 % en poids ≤ Al ≤ 1,0 % en poids, le reste étant du fer et des impuretés inévitables, un recuit final (7, 12) étant réalisé.
  41. Procédé selon la revendication 40, caractérisé en ce que le recuit final (7, 12) est réalisé dans la plage de température de 700 à 1100°C.
  42. Procédé selon la revendication 41, caractérisé en ce que le recuit final (7, 12) est réalisé dans la plage de température de 750 à 850°C.
  43. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 40 à 42, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise le recuit final de manière à ce que l'alliage présente, à l'issue de ce recuit final, des paramètres de déformation en allongement à la rupture en essai de traction AL> 2 %.
  44. Procédé selon la revendication 43, caractérisé en ce qu'on réalise le recuit final de manière à ce que l'alliage présente, à l'issue de ce recuit final, des paramètres de déformation en allongement à la rupture en essai de traction AL> 20 %.
  45. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 40 à 44, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est déformé à froid avant le recuit final (7, 12).
  46. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 40 à 45, caractérisé en ce que l'alliage est soumis an recuit final sous gaz inerte, sous hydrogène ou sous vacuum.
EP07113372A 2006-10-30 2007-07-27 Alliage légèrement magnétique à base de fer et de cobalt ainsi que son procédé de fabrication Active EP1918407B1 (fr)

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ATE418625T1 (de) 2009-01-15
US20090145522A9 (en) 2009-06-11
US7909945B2 (en) 2011-03-22
DE502007000329D1 (de) 2009-02-05
US20080099106A1 (en) 2008-05-01

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