EP1846630B1 - Web or slab-shaped drainage material for laying draining and/or ventilating slabstone pavings in a thin mortar bed - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a web or slab-shaped drainage material (10; 10') for laying draining and/or ventilating slabstone pavings (40) that are exposed to the effects of the weather outdoors in a mortar or glue layer (38) applied in a thin layer. The drainage material comprises an intrinsically rigid liquid-impermeable plastic support film (12) having a flat base from which a plurality of projections (16) having substantially plane faces forming the bases of the projections and being regularly or irregularly distributed across the base area are formed. A glass lattice material is used as a reinforcing structure for the mortar or glue layer (38) fixating the slabstone pavings (40) on the web or slab-shaped material. The projections project, when the material is laid in the prescribed position, towards the paving (40) to be applied, while pointing away from the underside of the base (14) of the support film (12) facing the soil. The glass lattice material (32) is provided on the flat sides of the faces (28) of the projections (16) facing away from the soil. A fleece material (30) is provided in the space left between the projections below the glass lattice material (32) and above the flat base (14) of the support film (12) and allows the mortar which is still flowable when the paving is laid to pass through.

Description

The invention relates to drainage sheet or plate material for dewatering and / or deaerating installation of tiled surfaces exposed to weathering outdoor areas on a low-thickness applied mortar or adhesive layer with a stiffened liquid-impermeable plastic support film with a flat base, from which a plurality of projections with substantially planar, the bottoms of the projections forming end walls are formed in regular or irregular distribution, and with a reinforcement for the plate coverings on the web or plate material fixing mortar or adhesive layer forming glass mesh material, wherein the projections in the intended installation position , pioneering from the background underside of the base surface of the carrier film to be applied coating and the glass mesh material on the background surfaces facing away from Stirnw is provided walls of the projections,

For the drainage of balconies, terraces and other weather conditions exposed surfaces of buildings in the outer area web or plate-shaped materials have been developed with a profiled and thereby the removal of liquids permitting channel spaces forming inherently rigid plastic films, which have long been increasingly prevalent, because by their use the Moisture of the coverings and the mortar and screed layers carrying them with the risk of freezing when frozen and the resulting destruction of the coating can be largely avoided, see for example EP 0893 553 A2 ,

In further development of the known drainage materials drainage railway or plate materials provided for the laying of tiles and plates in the thin-bed mortar were developed, which allow due to reinforcements of the thin-bed mortar used a low construction height and thereby also allow the subsequent laying of balcony or terrace surfaces with tile coverings or repairs of damaged balcony or terrace surfaces by applying an additional drained tiled flooring. At the same time when using these known drainage materials, as offered by the applicant under the name "Watec 3E", achieved an advantageous decoupling of the floating flooring system from the ground. Since the plastic materials used for the carrier film are usually not only liquid, but also largely gas or wasserdampfundurchlässig, perforations or slits are usually provided in the plastic material, through which also provided below the laid drainage material areas of support plates or Building exterior walls can be vented. It should be noted that the developed drainage thin-film system can be used not only for the production of walkable horizontal coverings on balconies or terraces, but also for covering vertical building exterior walls, in which case, however, for an additional adhesive connection of the covering structure with the building wall - for example the metal dowels used in building construction for fixing insulation material must be worn. For this can on the WO 20 04/018789 A1 be referenced, which in the FIGS. 5 to 9 discloses a usable in this context web or plate material of the type mentioned, which is also suitable for the application of plate coverings on vertical exterior walls of buildings.

The invention is based on the object to provide a drainage sheet or plate material, which also allow the laying of coverings in the thin-bed mortar with low height, in addition to the capillary rising of liquids, d. H. As a rule, water is prevented from the region of the drainage channels or from the ground, in order to further increase the security against destruction of the mortar layer by freezing.

Starting from a material of the type mentioned above, this object is achieved in that in the below the glass grid material and above the flat base surface of the carrier film between the projections remaining space a passage of the plate laying is still provided flowable mortar or adhesive shielding nonwoven material.

For special applications, it may be expedient to provide through openings or perforations in the connecting wall regions of the projections connecting the planar base surface of the carrier film with the end walls, so that the thin-bed mortar used does not pass through the openings or perforations in the material of the carrier film and make contact with the substrate can. As a result, not only the decoupling of the floating system from the ground is ensured, but also excluded the possibility of rising of water by capillary action from the ground, without the desired ventilation of the underground is impaired.

In a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, the design is such that the protrusions formed out of the flat base surface of the carrier film each have two successive stepped partial sections in height direction, of which the first partial section directly adjoining the base surface of the carrier foil has a larger surface boundary in plan view , as the second part section formed by its end wall extending essentially parallel to the base surface. The serving for reinforcement of the mortar layer glass mesh material is then applied in a suitable manner on the background surfaces facing away from the bottom walls of the end walls of the second projection sections, and preferably firmly adhering, which is possible by appropriate bonding or Warmeinformung the glass mesh material. As a reinforcing mesh material is then advantageously used for such cases in construction preferably used per se known high-strength glass mesh fabric.

Thus, a total of three functionally significant mutually height-offset parallel planes are defined in the thus formed web or plate material. The first of these levels is formed by the top of the base of the carrier film on which the water to be drained is removed. This level is thus suitably referred to as "drainage level". The second plane formed by the end faces of the first projection portions has the function of a "support" or "support plane" for the nonwoven material. From the faces the second protrusion sections, the glass mesh fabric reinforcing the mortar or adhesive layer for the plate coverings is supported, so that the plane defined by these end faces can therefore be referred to as a "reinforcement plane".

The passage of flowable mortar through provided in the support film openings or perforations non-woven material is formed in this embodiment expediently web-shaped and arranged in the second projection sections substantially corresponding distribution and outer boundary and limited continuous recesses and before application of the glass Grid material applied to the background facing away flat sides of the end walls of the first projection sections. This ensures that the mortar layer holding the coverings on the web or plate material does not fill the entire drainage space formed between the projections, but only the space above the nonwoven material. The space formed between the first projection portion remains, however, free of mortar and forms the unimpeded removal of water penetrating cavity enabling.

It may be advantageous with respect to the load-bearing capacity of the coverings laid by means of the material according to the invention if the connecting wall regions of the projections or of the projection sections are arranged in a manner known per se (see, for example, US Pat EP 1 141 491 B1 ) are provided with the resistance to deformation under weight load-increasing profilings. These profiles are then expediently formed by substantially parallel over the entire height of the connecting wall sections extending parallel vertical ribs or corrugations.

In a further development according to the invention, the profilings can also be formed by lugs projecting from the lower projection sections of the projections with end faces extending essentially parallel to the base surface of the carrier foil.

As expedient, an embodiment has been found in which in the formed out of the first sections of the base surface of the support surface second projection portions are provided in the transition region of the connecting wall portions to their end walls radially from the connecting wall portions protruding projections, which ensure a positive anchoring in the plate coverings adhering to the web or plate material bound or hardened mortar or adhesive layer.

From the lying between the projections areas of the base surface of the carrier film additional carrier projections may be formed with the substantial planar end walls whose height is such that the upper flat sides of their end walls and the end faces of the first projection sections substantially in the same, parallel to Base surface of the carrier film extending plane lie. The nonwoven material and a set or hardened mortar or adhesive layer applied to the nonwoven material is then additionally supported in the areas lying between the projections by the end faces of the carrier projections

The adhesion of the sheet or plate material according to the invention on a substrate is improved if from the lying between the projections lying areas of the flat base of the support film low low to the bottom of the support film open holding projections are formed, in whose inner wall in each case at least one recess is provided, which Undercuts for the web or plate material adhesively bonded to the substrate forming hardened or hardened adhesive mortar or adhesive.

In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the protrusions in the intended laying position - in contrast to the above-described embodiment - from the base surface of the carrier film to the substrate vortretend be arranged, then in the planar surface of the carrier sheet with the end walls of the projections connecting connecting wall portions continuous Openings or perforations, e.g. B. are provided in the form of slits, and on the background facing end walls of the projections of the carrier film, a layer of the passage of in the plate laying still flowable mortar or adhesive preventing nonwoven material is arranged

In an advantageous embodiment, it is then advisable to provide on the underground facing layer of nonwoven material an additional, the web or plate material in the intended installation position on the ground at a distance above the ground holding spacer position, which the transmission of weight forces between the web or Plate material takes on the substrate, without the nonwoven material is pressed inadmissible.

The spacer layer can be formed by a sufficiently pressure-stable grid material, preferably a plastic grid material.

Alternatively, the spacer layer may also be formed by a separate plastic film web provided with ribs or nubs formed out of a flat base surface.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teilabschnitts der Kunststoff-Trägerfolie eines ersten Ausfüh- rungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Bahn- oder Plattenmaterials;

Fig. 2

einen gegenüber Figur 1 maßstäblich vergrößerten Teilabschnitt, oberhalb dessen gesondert ein zuge- höriger Teilabschnitt eines auf der Trägerfolie auf- bringbaren bahnförmigen Vliesmaterials sowie ei- nes als Armierung dienenden Abschnitts eines Glasgittergewebes dargestellt sind;

Fig. 3

eine senkrechte Schnittansicht durch einen Teilab- schnitt der Tragplatte eines Balkons bzw. einer Ter- rasse, die unter Verwendung des in Figur 1 und 2 veranschaulichten Bahn- oder Plattenmaterials mit einem Plattenbelag versehen ist;

Fig. 4

eine senkrechte Schnittansicht durch den Außenbe- reich einer aus Beton hergestellten senkrechten Gebäude-Außenwand, die unter Verwendung des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 1 und 2 mit ei- nem Fliesenbelag versehen ist;

Fig. 5

einen gegenüber dem in Figur 1 gezeigten Teilab- schnitt des Bahn- oder Plattenmaterials weitergebil- deten Teilabschnitt des erfindungsgemäßen Bahn- oder Plattenmaterials;

Fig. 6

eine Schnittansicht gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile 6 - 6 in Figur 5 in vergrößertem Maßstab;

Fig. 7

einen in der Darstellung der Figur 2 entsprechen- den gegenüber Figur 5 maßstäblich vergrößerten und zusätzlich abgewandelten Teilabschnitt, ober- halb dessen gesondert der zugehörige Teilabschnitt des auf der Trägerfolie aufbringbaren bahnförmigen Vliesmaterials sowie des als Armierung dienenden Abschnitts des Glasgittergewebes dargestellt sind;

Fig. 8

eine Schnittansicht gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile 8 - 8 in Figur 7;

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines zweiten Ausfüh- rungsbeispiels des erfindungsgemäßen Bahn- oder Plattenmaterials, wobei die einzelnen Bestandteile gesondert in Höhenrichtung zueinander versetzt dargestellt sind; und

Fig. 10

eine senkrechte Schnittansicht durch einen mittels des Ausführungsbeispiels gemäß Figur 5 auf einer Betonplatte aufgebrachten Fliesenbelag.

The invention is explained in more detail in the following description in conjunction with the drawing of various embodiments, in which:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a portion of the plastic carrier film of a first embodiment of an embodiment of a sheet or plate material according to the invention;

Fig. 2

one opposite FIG. 1 Enlarged to scale partial section above which an associated subsection of a sheet-like nonwoven material which can be placed on the carrier film and a section of a glass mesh fabric serving as a reinforcement are shown separately;

Fig. 3

a vertical sectional view through a portion of the support plate of a balcony or a terrace, which using the in FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated sheet or plate material is provided with a plate covering;

Fig. 4

a vertical sectional view through the outer region of a concrete-made vertical building exterior wall, which, using the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2 provided with a tiling;

Fig. 5

one opposite the in FIG. 1 shown subsection of the web or plate material further developed subsection of the web or plate material according to the invention;

Fig. 6

a sectional view seen in the direction of arrows 6 - 6 in FIG. 5 on an enlarged scale;

Fig. 7

one in the representation of FIG. 2 corresponding opposite FIG. 5 to scale enlarged and additionally modified section, above which separately the associated portion of the coatable on the carrier sheet web-like nonwoven material and serving as reinforcement portion of the glass mesh fabric are shown;

Fig. 8

a sectional view as seen in the direction of arrows 8 - 8 in FIG. 7 ;

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a second Ausfüh- tion example of the web or plate material according to the invention, wherein the individual components are shown separately offset in height direction to each other; and

Fig. 10

a vertical sectional view through a means of the embodiment according to FIG. 5 on a concrete slab applied tiling.

In FIG. 1 is a section of a part of a first embodiment of a drainage plate material according to the invention 10 FIG. 2 ) are formed of intrinsically rigid plastic material, from the originally flat base 14 spaced from each other in a regular distribution upwardly facing projections 16 are integrally formed, which are formed in the illustrated case of two mutually offset from each other staggered sections 18, 20. The first partial section 18 of the projections, which extends directly from the flat base 14, has the shape of a low cylinder, whose peripheral cylindrical wall section (or connecting wall section) 22 forms a plane at its upper edge region facing away from the base film annular end wall (or end face) 24 passes. In the center of this annular end wall 24, the cylindrical wall region (or connecting wall region) 26, which is likewise ribbed or corrugated for reinforcement, then emerges at the upper edge by a flat end wall (or end face) 28.

In the FIG. 1 Carrier film 12 shown separately is supplemented by applying two additional height-offset layers of a nonwoven material 30 on the one hand and a glass mesh fabric (or glass mesh material) 32 to the drainage sheet material 10 according to the invention.

In FIG. 2 the nonwoven material 30 and the glass mesh fabric 32 are each still shown in the uncoupled state lifted from the base 14. It can be seen that the rot-proof, water-permeable, non-permeable, non-permeable nonwoven material 30, however, is aligned with the second protrusion portions 20 with circularly-defined punches or holes 34 so that the layer of nonwoven material is in alignment to the sections 20 of the projections 16 on the end faces 24 of the sections 18 of the projections 16 can be placed. An additional bonding of the nonwoven material 30 with the end faces 24 is possible, but not absolutely necessary, because a fixation is ensured by the then adhering to the end walls 28 of the upper second sections 20 of the projections 16 adhesively applied glass mesh fabric 32. The glass mesh fabric 32 is made of high-strength alkali-resistant glass fibers on the one hand to firmly adhering to the mortar applied later in the covering with plates in a thin layer thickness and at the same time provides a reinforcement for the mortar or. adhesive layer 38 ( 3 and 4 ) arranged by the offset below the glass mesh fabric 32 non-woven material 30 is achieved that the plastic flowable mortar during application only fills the space formed above the nonwoven material between the sections 20 of the projections 16, while below the location made of nonwoven material 30 between the sections 18 of the projections 16 space for the removal of water, ie the drainage of an applied plate covering remains free. By using the intermediate layer of nonwoven material 30 on the one hand, the thickness of the mortar layer is limited to the minimum required and at the same time ensures that no mortar to the underside of the carrier film 12 pass and obstruct the remaining below the nonwoven material 30 for the removal of water space. In special cases, the carrier film in a manner not shown here - similar to the below in connection with FIG. 9 and 10 described embodiment - be perforated in the region of the portion 18 of the projections 16, which is expedient in such cases, when a ventilation of the substrate is desired over the formed under the nonwoven material fren space. Without the layer of nonwoven material 30, the adhesive mortar for the covering could then pass through such openings to the ground and create a connection to the ground, whereby the decoupling of the plate material disturbed against the ground and the possibility of capillary rise of liquid from the ground into the mortar layer would be given.

In the FIGS. 3 and 4 the use of the drainage plate material according to the invention in connection with the creation of a plate covering on the concrete support plate of a terrace on the one hand and on the vertical outer surface of a building on the other hand illustrated.

In FIG. 3 It can be seen that the drainage plate material 10 directly, ie without additional bonding or other adhesion promoter is placed on the surface of the substrate or the concrete base plate 36, this top - if necessary, ie when using a perforated support film 12 - with an additional (not shown) may be provided sealing. On the top of the plate material Then, the still unbound adhesive mortar 38 is applied flat for the plates of the plate covering 40 to be created, and the plates are pressed onto the mortar located in thin layer thickness above the layer of nonwoven material.

It can be seen that the areas of the carrier film 12 formed below the layer of nonwoven material 30 between the projections 16 remain free of mortar and thereby form a coherent drainage space, via which accumulating surface water can be led to the edge of the terrace.

At the in FIG. 4 shown lining structure on a vertical outer wall of a building in addition to the substrate or the actual building wall 36 is still a flush 42 shown. The covering structure formed in this case by thin-walled tiles 40 on the outer wall of the building takes place in basically the same way as in connection with above FIG. 3 described covering structure on the terrace, which is ensured by using additional, through the support film 12 through into the Gebauteewang 36 of the building introduced metal dowels, as they are also used in building construction for fixing insulation material, ensure that the drainage plate material in the required Wise way connected to the building.

In the Figures 5 and 6 and Figs. 7 and 8 are variations of the foregoing in conjunction with Figs Figures 1 and 2 described embodiment illustrated. In the following, only the modifications made are described to avoid repetition, while for the overarching embodiment of the description of the Figures 1 and 2 can be referenced.

From in the representation of the FIG. 1 appropriate FIG. 5 It can be seen that in the intermediate regions between the regions of the carrier foil 12 intended to hold the nonwoven material and the glass mesh, additional carrier projections 60 having substantially planar end walls (or end faces) 62 are formed out. In the illustrated case, the carrier projections 60 have a cylindrical peripheral wall 64 whose height is dimensioned such that the outer side of the end faces 62 are flush in the plane of the end faces 24 of the first projection portions 18 of the projections 16 lie. The carrier projections 60 thus additionally support the nonwoven material 30 in the intermediate regions between the projections 16.

Furthermore, in the intermediate regions between projections 16 offset from the carrier projections 60, low retaining projections 66 open at the underside of the carrier film are formed, which-as in FIG FIG. 6 can be seen - undercuts 70 for the web or plate material adhesively bonding with substrate hardened or hardened adhesive mortar or adhesive form.

In FIG. 7 and 8th an additional modification of the sections 18 of the projections 16 is shown. The subsections 18 have protrusions 72 projecting in the circumferential direction, with end faces 24 which continue to extend essentially parallel to the base surface of the carrier film 12. In the area between the lugs 72, the diameter of the end face 24 is reduced, whereby an additional reinforcement of the projections 16 is achieved in total. The total area of the end faces 24, however, is not reduced.

Another in FIG. 8 illustrated modification consists in that in the formed from the first sections 18 of the base 14 of the carrier film 12 second projection portions 20 are provided in the transition region of the connecting wall portions 26 to their end walls 28 radially projecting from the connecting wall portions projections 74 which a positive anchoring adhesively bonded in the plate coverings with the web or plate material bound or hardened mortar or adhesive layer.

In FIG. 9 and 10 the components and use case of a modified embodiment of the drainage plate material 10 'according to the invention are illustrated, of which only the ones described in connection with FIGS FIGS. 1 to 4 described embodiment, different embodiments are described.

As can be seen in the drawing figure, the plate material 10 'instead of the three-layer structure of the plate covering 10 has a four-layer structure. To the Provided with projections 16 support film 12, the nonwoven material 30 and the glass mesh fabric 32 occurs here as a fourth layer even in the case illustrated by a pressure-resistant mesh material made of plastic and provided on the underside facing away from the base sheet 12 Abstandshatter layer 50 added.

The projections 16 are here shown as low single-stage cylindrical projections with closed end face 28, wherein in FIG. 9 through openings in the form of milled from the end face 28 in the projections slots 29 are shown. The layer of nonwoven material 30 is arranged in this case on the underside facing the substrate base 12 between the underside and the spacer layer 50, which is thus prevented when creating a plate covering on the top of the occupied with the glass mesh fabric 32 carrier film applied mortar or adhesive can pass through to the top of the subsurface of the pavement structure. Although it is possible to penetrate through the slots in the projections 16 in the cavity formed on the underside of the projections, which also contributes to an additional solid connection of the applied on the hardened mortar layer plate covering. The layer of nonwoven material 30, however, prevents penetration of the still viscous mortar to the surface of the substrate 36th

Since the spacer layer 50 is placed non-adhesive on the top of the substrate formed by the concrete support plate, the desired stress decoupling is ensured and at the same time by the grid material of the spacer layer 50 is a capillary-breaking gap between the carrier film 12 and on their Bottom applied layer of nonwoven material 30 and the - occupied in this case, with a sealing layer 52 - top of the concrete base plate 36 made.

It can be seen that within the scope of the inventive concept, modifications and further development of the embodiments described and shown in the drawing can be realized. Such modifications may relate to the size and shape of the projections 16 of the carrier sheet 12. In the FIG. 9 Carrier sheet 12 used with ungestuften projections 16 could also in reverse order, ie with down to the layer of nonwoven material 30 advancing Projections 16 are used, in which case the glass mesh material would be firmly adhered to the planar underside of the carrier film. The spacer layer 50 shown as a plastic grid could then also be formed by a provided with ribs or nubs plastic film web, which at the same time the function of in FIG. 10 shown seal 52 of the support plate 36 can take over.

Claims (15)

1. Drainage sheet or slab material (10) for the laying of draining and/or ventilating paving (40) in outdoor areas which are exposed to the effects of weather on a layer of mortar or adhesive (38) applied in a thin layer with an inherently rigid fluid-impermeable supporting film (12) made from plastics material with a level based surface (14), out of which a plurality of projections (16) are formed in regular or irregular distribution with substantially planar end walls (24, 28) forming the bases of projections, and with a glass lattice material (32) forming a reinforcement for the layer (38) of mortar or adhesive which fixes the paving (40) on the sheet or slab material (10), wherein in the prescribed laying position the projections (16) project towards the paving (40) to be applied and are directed away from the underside of the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) facing the ground and the glass lattice material (32) is provided on the flat faces of the end walls (28) of the projections (16) facing away from the ground, characterised in that in the space remaining below the glass lattice material (32) and above the level base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) between the projections (16) a non-woven material (30) is provided which blocks off the passage of the mortar or adhesive which is still flowable during laying of the slabs.
2. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that through holes or perforations are provided in the connecting wall regions (22, 26) of the projections (16) which connect the planar base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) to the end walls.
3. Sheet or slab material as claimed in either Claim 1 or Claim 2, characterised in that the projections (16) formed out of the level base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) each have two stepped part-sections (18; 20) which follow one another in the vertical direction, of which the first part-section (18) directly adjoining the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) has a larger delimited surface in plan view than the second part-section (20) formed out of the end wall (24) thereof which extends substantially parallel to the base surface (14), wherein each part-section (18, 20) has a connecting wall region (22, 26).
4. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 3, characterised in that the glass lattice material (32) is applied to the flat faces of the end walls (28) of the second part-sections (20) facing away from the ground.
5. Sheet or slab material as claimed in either Claim 3 or Claim 4, characterised in that the non-woven material (30) is constructed in sheet form and is provided with delimited through openings (34) which are disposed in a distribution substantially corresponding to the second part-sections and is applied to the flat faces of the end walls (24) of the first part-sections (18) before the application of the glass lattice material (30).
6. Sheet or slab material as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 5, characterised in that the connecting wall regions (22; 26) of the projections (16) or of the part-sections (18; 20) are provided with profilings which increase the resistance to deformation under a dead weight.
7. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the profilings are formed by vertical parallel ribs or corrugations extending substantially over the entire height of the connecting wall regions (22; 26).
8. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 6, characterised in that the profilings are formed by lugs (72) projecting from the first part-sections (18) of the projections (16) with end walls (24) extending substantially parallel to the base surface of the supporting film (12).
9. Sheet or slab material as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 8, characterised in that projections (74) which project radially from the connecting wall regions (26) are provided in the second part-sections formed out of the first part-sections (18) from the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) in the transition region between the connecting walls regions (26) thereof to the end walls (28) thereof.
10. Sheet or slab material as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 9, characterised in that supporting projections (60) with substantially planar end walls (62) are additionally formed out of the regions of the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) lying between the projections (16), the height of the said supporting projections being such that the upper flat faces of the end walls (62) and of the end walls (24) of the first part-sections (18) lie in the same plane extending parallel to the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12).
11. Sheet or slab material as claimed in any one of Claims 3 to 10, characterised in that low retaining projections (66) which are open towards the underside of the supporting film are additionally formed out of the regions of the planar base surface (14) of the supporting film (12), and at least one recess is provided in the inner wall of each of the said retaining projections and has undercuts (70) for the hardened or set layer (38) of mortar or adhesive which connects the sheet or slab material to the ground.
12. Sheet or slab material (10') for the laying of draining and/or ventilating paving (40) in outdoor areas which are exposed to the effects of weather on a layer of mortar or adhesive (38) applied in a thin layer with an inherently rigid fluid-impermeable supporting film (12) made from plastics material with a level based surface (14), out of which a plurality of projections (16) are formed in regular or irregular distribution with substantially planar end walls (24, 28) forming the bases of projections, and with a glass lattice material (32) forming a reinforcement for the layer (38) of mortar or adhesive which fixes the paving (40) on the sheet or slab material (10), characterised in that in the prescribed laying position the projections (16) project from the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) to the ground (36) and the glass lattice material (32) is provided on the flat face of the base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) facing away from the ground, that through openings or perforations or slots (29) are provided in the connecting wall regions which connect the planar base surface (14) of the supporting film (12) to the ends walls of the projections (16), and that a layer of non-woven material (30) which prevents the passage of mortar or adhesive which is still flowable during laying of the slabs is disposed on the end walls of the projections (16) of the supporting film (12) facing the ground.
13. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 12, characterised in that a spacer layer (50) which holds the sheet or slab material (10') spaced above the ground in the prescribed laying position on the ground is provided on the layer of non-woven material (30) facing the ground.
14. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 13, characterised in that the spacer layer (50) is formed by a lattice material, preferably a plastics lattice material.
15. Sheet or slab material as claimed in Claim 13, characterised in that the spacer layer (50) is formed by a separate sheet of plastics film with ribs or bumps formed out of a planar base surface.

Images