EP1789977A1 - Varistance pourvue d'une couche isolante, composee d'un verre de base et d'une matiere de charge - Google Patents

Varistance pourvue d'une couche isolante, composee d'un verre de base et d'une matiere de charge

Info

Publication number
EP1789977A1
EP1789977A1 EP05789564A EP05789564A EP1789977A1 EP 1789977 A1 EP1789977 A1 EP 1789977A1 EP 05789564 A EP05789564 A EP 05789564A EP 05789564 A EP05789564 A EP 05789564A EP 1789977 A1 EP1789977 A1 EP 1789977A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
varistor
insulating layer
layer
ceramic
varistor according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05789564A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1789977B1 (fr
Inventor
Thomas Jost
Andreas Schriener
Harald Reisinger
Gerd Klemen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TDK Electronics AG
Original Assignee
Epcos AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Epcos AG filed Critical Epcos AG
Publication of EP1789977A1 publication Critical patent/EP1789977A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1789977B1 publication Critical patent/EP1789977B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/18—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material comprising a plurality of layers stacked between terminals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/102—Varistor boundary, e.g. surface layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01C—RESISTORS
    • H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/105—Varistor cores
    • H01C7/108—Metal oxide
    • H01C7/112—ZnO type

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a varistor.
  • Zinc oxide (ZnO) energy-generating resistors are non-linear voltage-dependent resistance bodies, which surround ceramic sintered bodies based on zinc oxide as a resistance element.
  • the electrical resistance decreases sharply above a response voltage with increasing voltage. Due to this electrical behavior varistors for the protection of electrical equipment and devices against Ü. used voltages and surges.
  • the varistor is thereby switched in parallel to the protective electrical system and limited by its current-voltage characteristic, the maximum occurring at the electrical system voltage.
  • electrodes are applied to the front sides of the cylindrical main body of the varistors.
  • Overvoltages and voltage peaks can be roughly subdivided over a time into lightning overvoltage (time range: microseconds), switching overvoltages (time range: milliseconds) and temporary overvoltages (time range: seconds).
  • overvoltages in the microsecond range can reach very high voltage peaks.
  • These very fast and high voltage peaks not only load the zinc oxide ceramic of the varistor very strongly, but it also comes without suitable countermeasures to an electric Sprint ⁇ shock on the outside or surface of the varistor.
  • US 5,294,909 a zinc oxide varistor is known, in which the lateral surface of the ceramic base body is provided with a layer of high resistance.
  • the crystallized glass composition for the wetting of the ceramic base body has lead oxide (PbO) as the main component and is enriched with the components ZnO, B 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , MoO 3 , WO 3 , TiO 2 and NiO in order to obtain the crystallinity and to promote the insulating property of the layer.
  • PbO lead oxide
  • the addition of larger amounts of PbO to the insulating layer increases its thermal expansion coefficient, with the addition of larger amounts of ZnO permitting crystallization of the glass composition of the layer.
  • the addition of larger amounts of B 2 O 3 leads to a reduction in the crystallization of the layer, in particular when the weight fraction of the layer of B 2 O 3 exceeds 15%.
  • the increase in the amount of SiO 2 leads to a reduction in the crystallization, the thermal expansion coefficient being simultaneously increased.
  • arresters consisting of varistors are exposed to environmental influences such as moisture and chemical pollutants over long periods of time (lifetime> 30 years). There is the danger that these environmental influences lead to a reduction of the ZnO ceramic of the varistor and change the current-voltage characteristic.
  • the protective function against environmental influences takes over the wrapping.
  • a varistor which has a ceramic base body whose surface is at least partially provided with an insulating layer which is composed of a base glass and a filler, the filler containing 3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 .
  • the insulating layer is also harmless in terms of its environmental compatibility, since it does not have to contain lead.
  • the layer is free of lead.
  • the layer has a filler content of 5 to 40%. With this proportion of filler it is achieved that the thermal expansion coefficient of the insulating layer is reduced in order to avoid cracking of the layer. In particular, it can be achieved with a proportion of filler in this range that the thermal expansion coefficient of the layer is lower than that of the ceramic base body of the varistor.
  • a varistor which has a ceramic base body, wherein a layer which contains material-strengthening fibers is applied to at least a portion of the ceramic base body.
  • the layer With the material-strengthening fibers, the layer is given a high strength, so that the layer at elevated mechanical see or thermal stresses do not rupture or auf ⁇ bursts.
  • the layer at least partially hermetically seals the ceramic base body to the outside, so that the necessary to ignite the electrical component or the ceramic body oxygen can not penetrate to the hot ignition source of the varistor or the ceramic body. In the absence of this oxygen, the varistor can not come to ignition even with considerable overvoltage.
  • thermal insulation of the electrical component with respect to the environment is ensured by means of the layer, so that burning of a user upon contact with the varistor is impeded and thus the potential for danger is reduced.
  • the layer comprises refractory or at least flame retardant materials. If, despite the high layer strength, for example under extreme pressure or temperature conditions, the electrical component or the ceramic base body are ignited, the flame-retardant materials of the layer can slow down the spread of the Bren ⁇ nens.
  • the material-strengthening fibers are added to the mullite mixture. This results in an insulating layer with a high flashover and material strength.
  • flame retardant materials are additionally added to the mullite mixture, the refractoriness of the varistor or of the insulating layer can also be increased.
  • FIG. 1 shows a varistor which is provided with metallization on the front side and with an insulating layer on its lateral surface
  • FIG. 2 shows a graph for illustrating the failure rate of varistors with and without an insulating layer that has a 3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 insulating layer at different current loads
  • FIG. 3 shows a varistor with a fiber-containing outer layer
  • FIG. 4 shows a varistor according to FIG. 3 with frontally applied contact bodies
  • FIG. 5 shows an electrical component with a plurality of internal electrodes and a fiber-containing outer layer.
  • Load cases in the sense of a direct lightning strike are standardized as 4/10 ⁇ s tests in the IEC standard 60099-4 ver ⁇ anchored.
  • the 4/10 ⁇ s test has a rise time to the peak current of 4 ⁇ s, with a cooldown of 50% of the peak value 10 ⁇ s.
  • the load with two impulses with a peak current of 100 kA each is prescribed, without resulting in a flashover on the arrester or varistor.
  • Loads according to the 4/10 test are referred to below in this document as impulse loads.
  • FIG. 1 shows a varistor with a ceramic base body 1, the surface of which is provided with an insulating layer 2 and whose end faces are provided with metallizations or electrodes 3.
  • the lateral surface of the base body 1 is provided with the insulating layer.
  • a composite glaze consisting of a base glass and a filler is proposed.
  • the base glass contains 30 to 50% ZnO, 30 to 40% B 2 O 3 , 0 to 10% CuO and 0 to 10% P 2 O 5 .
  • mullite As a filler of the mixture, mullite (3Al 2 O 3 2SiO 2 ) in the range of 5 to 40% is used.
  • the filler is added in powder form (grain size 0 to 200 microns) of the glass layer or the glaze.
  • the base glass or the glass frit melts, runs down and forms a glass-like coating of the varistor.
  • the temperature of the glass burn used is far below the melting point of the filler grains, which is why they do not melt and can be embedded unchanged in the base glass.
  • a filler content of between 5 and 40% has proven to be advantageous for the composite glaze or the insulating layer.
  • the application of the insulating layer can be carried out, for example, by the following steps:
  • thermo shock resistance An important point for the pulse strength of cladding or insulating layers is the thermal shock resistance. At a pulse load, the temperature of the Energyvaristors can rise within microseconds by up to 150 0 C. If the coefficient of thermal expansion of the coating is greater than that of the ceramic, this load increasingly leads to crack formation in the coating and thus to poor pulse strength. Low-melting glasses consistently have too high a thermal expansion coefficient compared to a zinc oxide ceramic, so that the pulse strength thus remains unsatisfactory.
  • the admixture of filler with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion into the base glass leads to a lower coefficient of thermal expansion of the insulating layer.
  • the thermal expansion coefficient of the glaze ver ⁇ adviset.
  • the following table shows the thermal expansion coefficient of varistor ceramic and a composite glaze for different temperatures.
  • T, ⁇ l, ⁇ 2 represent the temperature, the expansion coefficient of the varistor ceramic and the expansion coefficient of the insulating layer or composite glaze.
  • the varistor can be designed as a multilayer varistor with integrated internal electrodes, in which case the contact bodies are preferably arranged on the side surface of the basic body. Each contact body is contacted with one end of an inner electrode of an inner electrode set, see also FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 2 is a graphical representation of the failure rate of varistors with and without an insulating layer provided with mullite with increasing current impulse load.
  • the ver ⁇ Tikale axis represents the cumulated failure rate of Varisto ⁇ ren percentage represents the horizontal axis, however, the applied on the varistors pulse current in amperes.
  • the dark bars show the behavior of varistors provided with a mullite-containing insulating layer. It can clearly be seen how the failure rates of such varistors begin to increase only at a relatively high value of 110 kA (kilo-ampere), especially when this pulse is applied in short time periods in succession.
  • the failure rate of varistors without an insulating layer having a multilayer already increases at 90 kA.
  • the weight fraction of mullite is the insulating layer of the the gray bars represented Varistors is 20%. Energy varistors with a height of 44 mm and a diameter of 43.5 mm were used.
  • a mullite-containing composite glaze therefore has a design optimized thermal expansion coefficient.
  • the glaze also has a very good mechanical strength, which also has a positive effect on the pulse strength.
  • the bending tensile strength at 20% by weight of mullite is 78 MPa.
  • the present composite glaze advantageously also protects the ceramic due to the glassy fusion zuver ⁇ casual from environmental influences. It is also non-toxic and unobjectionable in the sense of environmental compatibility, since in particular it can also be composed of lead-free. Likewise, the composite glaze does not have to contain bismuth, so that it is substantially less expensive than currently used alternatives.
  • the filler mullite used has a low thermi ⁇ rule expansion coefficient in the range of 40 * 10 -7 (K "1) and a high melting point> 1800 ° C. The ho ⁇ hen melting point, it is ensured that during the Ein ⁇ firing the glaze no or at least only a very ge rings chemical and / or physical conversion of Gre ⁇ material takes place.
  • FIG. 3 shows a varistor whose surface is at least partially provided with an insulating layer 2, which contains fiber composite materials 4.
  • the fiber composites are preferably added to the previously described mullite mixture.
  • the layer preferably hermetically seals an inner region of the ceramic base body to the outside.
  • the thermally induced expansion of the ceramic body can be triggered, for example, by applying an increased operating voltage, which can locally lead to melting of the varistor ceramic with explosive leakage of ceramic material and various reaction products and thus to ignition of the varistor enclosure. As a result, this can lead to the ignition of entire devices or Anlagen ⁇ parts in which the varistor is used.
  • the layer containing fibers it is avoided that the possibly harmful materials released from the ceramic base body escape to the outside, or that the oxygen necessary for the ignition penetrates into the interior region of the ceramic base body.
  • Varistorumhüllung 2 An increased strength of the Varistorumhüllung 2 is achieved with the addition of fibrous reinforcing materials under Kunststoff ⁇ Licher length of organic and inorganic nature, as well as with the addition of organic and inorganic Matrixelemen ⁇ th or composites.
  • Aramid fiber is preferred as the fiber 4 of organic nature.
  • Fiber of inorganic nature is preferably glass fibers, carbon fibers or mineral wool. These have the advantage that they have a flame-retardant effect.
  • Suitable organic matrix elements or composite materials are silicone resins, phenolic resins or epoxy resins.
  • As inorganic Matrix elements are preferably used hydraulically setting Ke ⁇ ceramics and cements.
  • Glass fiber shreds 4 having a length of 0.2 mm in different mixing ratios are preferably mixed with a silicone resin paint formulation or phenolic resin paint formulation to form a dippable or sprayable mixture which can be applied to the ceramic base body.
  • the application of the sheath 2 can take place in several shifts until the required sheath thickness is achieved. In this case, 3 to 7, in particular 5 dives are vor ⁇ given to reach a coating thickness of between 7 and 9 mm, since it has been found that this thickness gives a particularly good strength, but only a ver ⁇ relatively short production time required is.
  • the casing 2 enriched with the additives is brought to the desired high strength.
  • FIG. 4 shows a varistor 1, which is provided with contact bodies 3 at the end. It is preferred that the application of the envelope 2 takes place prior to the firing of the contact bodies, so that the layer applied on the front sides of the varistor is softened by the extremely high temperature during the burning-in of the contact body and pushed away or removed in an anvil , Thus, the contact bodies 3 each have an outwardly directed, free surface, which can be contacted with another contact body. However, it is also possible to restrain the contact bodies 3 on the end faces of the ceramic basic body 1. Subsequently, for example, after the curing process, the coating is deposited by means of an etching process from the places where no coating is desired, in particular above the Kon ⁇ contact body and then immerse the varistor in a coating mass or liquid.
  • FIG. 5 shows a multilayer varistor with a ceramic main body 1, in the interior of which internal electrodes 5 are arranged, which are each connected at one end to a contact body or metallization 3 applied to the top or side surface of the ceramic main body.
  • the multilayer varistor has a mullite-containing outer layer 3 according to the preceding exemplary embodiments, which may be enriched with material-strengthening fibers.
  • a multilayer varistor is provided, which can not be set on fire by means of a high-strength, preferably flame-retardant sheath 2, even with accidental or accidental overvoltages, or at least only with difficulty.
  • the metallizations 3 be free of cladding materials.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une varistance présentant un corps de base en céramique (1), dont la surface est au moins partiellement pourvue d'une couche isolante (2), composée d'un verre de base et d'une matière de charge, la matière de charge contenant les constituants 3Al2O32SiO2.
EP05789564.1A 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistance pourvue d'une couche isolante, composee d'un verre de base et d'une matiere de charge Expired - Fee Related EP1789977B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004044648A DE102004044648A1 (de) 2004-09-15 2004-09-15 Varistor
PCT/DE2005/001622 WO2006029610A1 (fr) 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistance pourvue d'une couche isolante, composee d'un verre de base et d'une matiere de charge

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1789977A1 true EP1789977A1 (fr) 2007-05-30
EP1789977B1 EP1789977B1 (fr) 2014-08-20

Family

ID=35197931

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05789564.1A Expired - Fee Related EP1789977B1 (fr) 2004-09-15 2005-09-15 Varistance pourvue d'une couche isolante, composee d'un verre de base et d'une matiere de charge

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US8130071B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1789977B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4755648B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102004044648A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2006029610A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5272683B2 (ja) * 2008-11-28 2013-08-28 株式会社村田製作所 非線形抵抗変化素子
JP2013513233A (ja) * 2009-12-04 2013-04-18 エー ビー ビー リサーチ リミテッド 高電圧サージアレスタ
AU2011372793A1 (en) * 2011-07-14 2014-03-06 Bruce Barton Relocatable power tap with surge suppression or surge protection and a method for its manufacture
DE102011079813A1 (de) * 2011-07-26 2013-01-31 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Spannungsbegrenzende Zusammensetzung
DE112019003625T5 (de) 2018-07-18 2021-04-22 Avx Corporation Varistor-Passivierungsschicht und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2008513982A (ja) 2008-05-01
WO2006029610A1 (fr) 2006-03-23
DE102004044648A1 (de) 2006-03-30
US20080030296A1 (en) 2008-02-07
US8130071B2 (en) 2012-03-06
JP4755648B2 (ja) 2011-08-24
EP1789977B1 (fr) 2014-08-20

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