EP1752592B1 - Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et système de blocs de construction fabriqué par ce procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et système de blocs de construction fabriqué par ce procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1752592B1
EP1752592B1 EP06015272.5A EP06015272A EP1752592B1 EP 1752592 B1 EP1752592 B1 EP 1752592B1 EP 06015272 A EP06015272 A EP 06015272A EP 1752592 B1 EP1752592 B1 EP 1752592B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavities
brick
width
brick system
bricks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP06015272.5A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1752592A3 (fr
EP1752592A2 (fr
Inventor
Werner Paulitschke
Herbert Dipl. Ing Pieper
Rüdiger Sattler
Thomas Maucher
Bernd Schupp
Hubert L. Thater
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mein Ziegelhaus & Co KG GmbH
Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
Original Assignee
Mein Ziegelhaus & Co KG GmbH
Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG
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Application filed by Mein Ziegelhaus & Co KG GmbH, Deutsche Rockwool Mineralwoll GmbH and Co OHG filed Critical Mein Ziegelhaus & Co KG GmbH
Publication of EP1752592A2 publication Critical patent/EP1752592A2/fr
Publication of EP1752592A3 publication Critical patent/EP1752592A3/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
    • E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
    • E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the production of bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35.
  • Bricks in particular perforated bricks, are formed of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without added substances other than machine bricks and fired at 800 to 1,000 ° C. Such bricks have a cubic body with a width that generally coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall to be made from the bricks. Therefore, such bricks are made in different widths. But it is also conceivable that several bricks lying with their narrow sides together in a Building wall are arranged. For example, two such bricks in the above arrangement form a building wall, which has a wall thickness which substantially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks. In the course of the rationalized creation of appropriate building walls, however, it has prevailed to hold bricks with widths that correspond to the desired wall thicknesses of the building walls.
  • such a brick from the DE 31 00 642 A1 known.
  • This is a hollow brick with insulating layers, which are arranged parallel to two opposite outer sides of the hollow brick in spaces of the hollow brick and spaced from each other by at least one of empty voids interspersed area.
  • the interspersed by insulation layers areas are also distanced against the parallel to them outer sides of the hollow brick through such penetrated by empty cavities areas.
  • foamable insulation so for example polyurethane or polystyrene, which is foamed into the space provided for the hollow brick.
  • mineral wool is called as insulating material, without this prior art discloses how mineral wool is to be introduced into the spaces of the hollow brick. According to this prior art, it is also possible to insert prefabricated insulation boards, for example foam boards in the spaces of the hollow brick.
  • Another brick is from the DE 35 32 590 A1 known, said brick has a base provided with air chambers. On at least one side of the base body first webs are formed, which extend over only a part of the height of the base body. At these webs a first shell is formed parallel to the main body. On the first shell and / or on the other side of the base second webs are formed, to which a second shell, also formed parallel to the base body, which also extend over only a portion of the height of the body, and that offset to the first Stegen.
  • the space between the shells and / or the space between the main body and the shell is filled with insulating material, being used as insulation material Foam, cork, cork meal, coke fiber, wood wool, glass wool and rock wool are called.
  • synthetic fibers are possible, which can be injected, poured or pushed into the space between the shells and / or between the base body and the shell.
  • This lattice brick has a circumferential wall, wherein at least two opposite sides of the wall on the respective outer side of the lattice brick have recesses or bulges which engage in a lateral juxtaposition of a plurality of lattice bricks. Furthermore, the lattice brick has internally arranged webs which define vertically extending cavities. In this lattice brick, it is provided that within the circumferential wall at least one of the vertical webs free interior space for receiving insulation material is formed. This interior space is formed substantially larger compared to the cavities.
  • insulating material is glass wool, mineral wool, a foamed plastic or an insulating material made of synthetic fibers, in particular made of hollow fibers.
  • a plurality of perforated chambers are formed with a smaller hole cross section, wherein at least one perforated chamber is formed as an insulating material receiving perforated chamber with a larger hole cross-section.
  • Dämmmaterial a compact Dämmmaterial organisation is provided, which in terms of its outer dimensions, that is, in terms of its axial length and its cross section, accurately corresponds to the dimensions of the receiving hole chamber.
  • this insulating material body In order to hold this insulating material body in the perforated chamber, this has a protruding into the hole cross-section molding in the form of a projecting strip-shaped nose. This nose is pressed into the insulating material, so that the insulating material is clamped in the hole chamber.
  • the bricks described above have various disadvantages.
  • the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed for example of perlite, vermiculite or foam glass has the disadvantage that the bed must be sintered or provided with a binder to allow hardening of the bed in the brick. If this bed is introduced only after the production of the cubic body, then it requires a curing time of the bed, before the brick is ready for sale. Optionally, this curing time can be shortened by a supplementary burning process.
  • the cavities in the different bricks receive a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulation must be kept in different configurations. This is especially true for such bricks to be filled with preformed insulating bodies.
  • the provision of appropriate insulation body is required for each brick length and width.
  • the prior art bricks partly have the disadvantage that the introduced insulating body are not arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the insulating body must be attached either with additional adhesive or protrusions in the cavities.
  • the use of adhesives sometimes leads to the fact that the required fire resistance class due to the use of organic components can not be met.
  • the design of additional projections as clamping elements leads to more complex forms the production of the bricks and the problem that these projections can be damaged or destroyed during machining, in particular during mechanical insertion of the insulating elements, so that the success is highly doubtful.
  • bricks have the disadvantage that despite the additional projections in the insulation receiving cavities of the insulation falls out when the bricks are cut in their longitudinal direction.
  • Bricks that are filled with bulk fillers may tend to segregate or cut open so that the bulk filling is not sufficiently fixed and will trickle out. Therefore, special, called cut stones bricks are offered.
  • bulk fillings have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.043 W / mK.
  • FR 2 201 377 A1 discloses a method for producing bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35. Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to further develop a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production the bricks in different lengths and widths is possible, the bricks have very good insulation properties and can be produced in sufficient variability in terms of their sound and / or thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a brick that can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner as a mass product with excellent heat and / or sound insulation properties.
  • bricks different length and width have cavities, which are identical regardless of the length and width of the bricks in terms of their width, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements from organic or inorganic fibers and / or organic or inorganic expandable or foam materials can be fitted.
  • the provision of different widths of insulating elements is no longer necessary, so that the backfilling of bricks is much more efficient and cheaper.
  • the variability of the bricks is therefore achieved with respect to the different lengths by different width webs between the cavities.
  • the inventive method allows, for example, the production of bricks, namely perforated bricks for wall thicknesses of 24 cm, 30 cm, 36.5 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 42.5 cm or 49 cm, all with respect to the width identically formed cavities, for example Have a width of 40 mm, so that in these above-described perforated bricks of different width fundamentally insulating material elements can be used, which are formed with a corresponding material thickness.
  • the insulating material is formed as a molded body and frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
  • the brick formed according to the invention is not flammable and has a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.034 W / mK.
  • the brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials.
  • a hydraulically hardening starting material in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances
  • a thermosetting raw material in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean burn and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
  • the production of the bricks can be carried out either continuously in the course of an extrusion process or discontinuously in which the brick are produced individually in a mold by filling a plurality of molds with the starting material and curing the starting material in the molds.
  • the starting material can hydraulically harden or be fed to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired.
  • a development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities are formed with different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller.
  • the cavities can thus be fitted with moldings of insulating material, the moldings in principle have a matching material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths.
  • the molded body of insulating material can therefore be kept in a width corresponding to the length of the longer cavity, wherein for the Bestükkung the shorter cavities halves the insulation material to form the shaped body in width and then inserted into the cavities with the shorter length.
  • the cavities are arranged extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, so that the cavities extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the building wall created from the bricks and allow optimum heat and / or sound insulation of a building wall made therefrom.
  • the cavities are formed with a length that is greater than the width of the cavities. It is further provided that the cavities are formed with a rectangular cross section, so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings of insulating material, for example, bound with binders mineral fibers, web and / or plate-shaped can be kept, the individual moldings of these Mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards are separated by a cut perpendicular to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards.
  • the cavities are used with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially matching moldings of an insulating material.
  • the advantage of bricks produced by the process according to the invention of different length and width is then that the cavities consistently formed in all the bricks have a defined volume, so that the production of the bricks can basically be done with a predetermined volume of insulating material, without production deviations to lead that the cavities are filled with too little amount of insulation material or that excess insulation material must be removed regularly in the course of cleaning work from the manufacturing plant.
  • the shaped body is designed to be compressible at least in the direction of surfaces arranged opposite one another and is preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the shaped body prior to insertion of the shaped body into the cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is not damaged by the increased friction on the inner wall surfaces of the cavity which may arise during insertion. Therefore, there is a possibility, for example Formed body of mineral fibers with relatively low density to use.
  • the shaped body is frictionally inserted in the cavity, wherein the shaped body is preferably formed with a width and / or length which is greater in relation to the cavity.
  • the molded body is bonded to at least one inner wall surface of the cavity.
  • moldings of mineral fibers bound with binders, in particular of stone or glass fibers are preferably used.
  • moldings of natural fibers such as flax, hemp, sheep's wool and / or the like may be provided.
  • the shaped bodies with a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped bodies have a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces of the shaped body and can therefore be inserted into the cavities in compressed form ,
  • the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with a high surface roughness.
  • the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm.
  • the line-shaped projections may extend over the entire length of the cavities or be formed only over a partial length of the cavities, wherein the line-shaped projections may also be formed interrupted.
  • the cavities are arranged in rows.
  • two cavities are arranged in each row, which have a different length. This serves in particular, to maintain the stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on reliewandungs vom, but also has webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a series.
  • two cavities are arranged in each row, one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
  • the cavities thus have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds.
  • the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows, so that a web arranged between the two cavities is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset from a web between two cavities of an adjacent row. This embodiment serves to increase the strength of the brick.
  • all cavities are filled with insulation.
  • different requirements for the bricks as far as they are installed in the outer wall area or in the inner wall area of a building. While in the outer wall area, primarily the thermal insulation is of great importance, the inner walls in a building should primarily have sound insulating properties, although heat-insulating properties are also sought there.
  • High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
  • a brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.
  • the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings can finish flush with the cubic body of the brick, so that a post-processing of the brick is not required. If the brick has a plurality of cavities arranged in rows, then, of course, juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and removed in accordance with the length of the cavities.
  • the shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction.
  • the mineral fiber web is guided above a production line for such bricks parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state ,
  • the shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater length and / or width relative to the dimensions of the cavities.
  • the mineral fiber web is cut according to the width of the cavities in different widths strips, plates or rods, from which the moldings are separated.
  • the cubic body is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ⁇ 1.70 kg / dm 3 .
  • the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced.
  • Such a brick has a proportion of holes between 56 and approximately 64%, so that a correspondingly large amount of insulating material can be introduced into the brick. According to the invention it is thus possible to produce the brick with a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.09 W / mK.
  • the above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also given in the brick system according to the invention.
  • the brick system according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and is frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
  • the molding is firmly inserted into the cavities, so that it does not fall out of the brick even at the prevailing on site rough working conditions and especially in the cavities remains even if the brick is cut, for example, so that the cavity is open on one side, so that the shaped body rests only on three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that a building wall produced from the brick wall system according to the invention has a high thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
  • the cavities have different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the moldings to be used, for example, from insulating panels with a constant material thickness, worked out and then inserted into the cavities. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proved to be advantageous that the cavities have different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller, so that, for example, cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be formed.
  • the cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities have a length that is greater than the width of the cavities.
  • Such a brick can be produced in a simple manner, if the cavities have a rectangular cross section, so that the shaped bodies are also formed rectangular in cross section.
  • This embodiment of the moldings is particularly advantageous in plate-shaped starting material made of insulating material, since the insulating material, which is supplied, for example, sheet or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely thereto must be divided into strips, which already matched to the width of the cavities Have material thickness, so that the length of the molded body made of insulating material can be adjusted over the cut to be executed.
  • the shaped bodies are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can be compressed in a simple manner in the cavities are used, in which then expand the moldings and are held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities.
  • the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities.
  • the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer which can be activated by heat, for example, after insertion of the shaped body in the cavities.
  • the moldings are preferably formed from mineral fibers bound to binders, in particular from stone or glass fibers, since these insulating materials have excellent heat and / or sound insulation behavior, moreover they can be compressed in a simple manner depending on their density. Finally, these insulating materials are easy to process, especially to cut.
  • the shaped bodies of mineral fibers bound with binders have a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped body is made compressible in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces.
  • the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have a high surface roughness.
  • the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have punctiform and / or linear, preferably interrupted protrusions, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm, so that they do not hinder the insertion of the moldings into the cavities.
  • the production of surface roughness can be additionally or alternatively ensured by the surface structure of a drag core in extruding a clay brick wall blank or by a corresponding shaped formwork form.
  • the cavities are arranged in rows according to a further feature of the brick system according to the invention, wherein according to a further development in each row two cavities are arranged, which have a different length.
  • two cavities are arranged in each row, with one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
  • a development of this embodiment provides that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows.
  • the embodiments described above lead to a high stability of a brick system according to the invention. It may be filled with insulation according to a further feature of the invention, all cavities of the brick. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials in order to adjust the brick system according to the invention to different requirements of the building walls inside or outside the building.
  • a high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
  • the brick system according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a density of 1.70 kg / dm 3 , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3.
  • a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3.
  • an inventive, filled with moldings of insulating brick with an overall lambda 10 value ⁇ 0.09 W / mK is formed.
  • the raw densities of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention are in particular between 13 kg / m 3 and 120 kg / m 3 and have a lambda 10 value of ⁇ 0.034 W / mK.
  • An Indian FIG. 1 illustrated brick 1 has a substantially cubic body 2, which has two outer wall surfaces 3 and two perpendicular thereto outer wall surfaces 4, 5.
  • the outer wall surfaces 3 are planar while the outer wall surface 4 has a nose-shaped projection 6 and the outer wall surface 5 has a recess 7 corresponding to the nose-shaped projection 6.
  • the in FIG. 1 brick shown has essentially a square base.
  • the brick 1 3 extending cavities 8 are arranged with a length a and a width b parallel to the outer wall surfaces. Furthermore, the brick 1 cavities 9 with a length c and the width b. The length c corresponds to half the length a.
  • the cavities 8 and 9 are arranged in rows 10 and separated by a web 11 with a web width d.
  • the rows 10 are separated by webs 12, wherein the webs 12 have a web width e.
  • the brick 1 has in the area of the outer wall surfaces 3 outer walls 13 with a thickness f and in the region of the outer wall surfaces 4, 5 outer walls 14 with a thickness g.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of a brick 1 is a schematic diagram and it will be with respect to the FIGS. 2 to 5 the corresponding dimensions a to g indicated.
  • the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15 made of binders bound mineral fibers, wherein the mineral fibers have a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities 8, 9.
  • the moldings 15 are formed compressible and are used in the compressed state in the cavities 8, 9.
  • the shaped bodies 15 In the relaxed state, the shaped bodies 15 have a greater material thickness compared to the width d of the cavities 8, 9, so that the shaped bodies 15 are frictionally held in the cavities 8, 9.
  • the shaped bodies 15 correspond in terms of their outer contour to the cross-sectionally rectangular cavities 8, 9 of the brick 1.
  • FIGS. 2 to 5 only a portion of the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15, it is understood that in a brick 1 all cavities 8, 9 or even a portion of the cavities 8, 9 may be filled with moldings 15, which of course also different moldings 15, that is, for example, such moldings 15 are used with a high sound insulation performance and such moldings 15 with a high thermal insulation performance.
  • the in the FIGS. 1 to 5 shown cavities 8, 9 have consistently widths b of 40 mm.
  • the cavities 8 have a length a of preferably 150 mm, while the cavities 9 have a length c of preferably 75 mm.
  • the webs 11 have a web width d of 7.334 mm.
  • the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is 7.33 mm in the area of the two in FIG. 2 projections 6 and 8 mm shown in the region of the outer wall 14 on both sides of the projections 6.
  • the thickness f of the outer walls 13 is 16.666 mm and thus corresponds to the web width e match.
  • FIG. 3 another embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is provided for the production of a building wall with a building wall thickness of 38 cm and thus has a width B of 38 cm.
  • the embodiment differs according to FIG. 3 in that instead of five rows 10 with cavities 8, 9 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 now six rows 10 are provided with cavities 8, 9 and moldings 15 inserted therein.
  • This also results from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 Deviating dimension of the web widths e of the webs 12, which has a web width e of 20 mm in the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the thickness f of the outer wall 13 of the brick 1 is different from FIG. 2 now 20 mm.
  • the further dimensions a to d and g are consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match.
  • the brick 1 according to FIG. 3 a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 56.9%, while the proportion of cavities 8, 9 in the brick according to FIG. 2 60.1%. In the same order of magnitude is therefore also the proportion of moldings 15, which are used as insulating material in the cavities 8, 9.
  • FIG. 4 a further embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is characterized by the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 distinguishes that the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a width B of 40 cm and is therefore intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 40 cm.
  • the dimensions of the brick 1 are in accordance with FIG. 4 with the dimensions of the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 match.
  • the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 a web width e of 15 mm and a thickness f of also 15 mm.
  • the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 in deviation from the brick according to FIG. 3 three projections 6 and consequently also three recesses 7 on the opposite outer wall surface 4 has.
  • the moldings 15 are inserted into the cavities 8, 9, which cavities 8, 9 are provided in seven parallel rows 10.
  • the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a share of cavities 8, 9 of 63.1%.
  • FIG. 5 another brick 1 with eight rows 10 of parallel cavities 8, 9, wherein the brick 1 has two projections 6 in the region of an outer wall surface 4 and two recesses 7 in the region of the opposite outer wall surface 5.
  • the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 has a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 58.9% and is formed with a width B of 49 cm, so that it is intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 49 cm.
  • the brick 1 Compared to the above-described bricks 1 also has the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 matching dimensions for the lengths a and c and the width b of the cavities 8, 9 on. Furthermore, the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is formed in accordance with the previously described embodiments of the brick 1. Deviating from this is only the web width e with a measure of 18.888 mm. This measure is also provided for the thickness f of the outer wall 13.
  • bricks 1 can be produced in an advantageous manner by a method in which the bricks 1 in a first step of a starting material, such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles, For example, polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a die and then dried and fired.
  • a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
  • a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
  • a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles
  • polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)

Claims (62)

  1. Procédé de fabrication de briques (1) ayant une longueur et une largeur différentes, une première brique, qui comprend une première largeur, et une deuxième brique, qui comprend une deuxième largeur différente de la première largeur, étant fabriquées, chaque brique comprenant un corps essentiellement cubique, qui a une hauteur, une longueur et une largeur, chaque corps cubique comprenant plusieurs, au moins deux, cavités (8, 9) ayant une longueur (a, c) et une largeur (b) et étant séparées l'une de l'autre par des traverses (11, 12), lesquelles cavités (8, 9) servent au moins partiellement à recevoir un matériau isolant, et chaque brique étant fabriquée à partir d'une matière de départ en formant les cavités,
    caractérisé en ce
    que toutes les cavités (8, 9) des briques (1) ayant des largeurs différentes sont fabriquées avec une largeur identique (b) et de préférence avec un volume défini à l'aide de respectivement une largeur prédéterminée des traverses (11, 12) entre les cavités (8, 9), et que la largeur de chaque corps cubique correspond à une fraction entière, notamment à 1/1, 1/2, 1/3 de l'épaisseur du mur fabriqué en une pluralité de briques.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la brique (1) est fabriquée en des matières de départ inorganiques.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les briques (1) sont extrudées ou individuellement fabriquées dans une moule.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les briques (1) sont fabriquées à partir d'une matière de départ durcissant hydrauliquement, notamment à partir de cément, de chaux, de gravier, de gravillon, de sable, d'agrégats légers naturels et/ou expansés avec ou sans addition d'autres matières, telles que par exemple de la poussière de brique, des cendres ou des matières similaires ou à partir d'une matière de départ thermodurcissable, notamment à partir d'argile, de limon ou de masses argileuses avec ou sans addition d'autres matières, telles que des matières amaigrissantes et/ou des matières d'autopyrogénation, telles que par exemple du polystyrène, de la sciure, de la matière fibreuse de papier ou similaire.
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont configurées avec des longueurs différentes (a, c), les longueurs (a) étant des multiples entiers des longueurs (c).
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées de sorte qu'elles d'étendent en parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du corps (2).
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont configurées avec une longueur (a, c), qui plus grande que la largeur (b) des cavités (8, 9).
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont configurées avec une section transversale rectangulaire.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'un corps moulé (15) en un matériau isolant et essentiellement en conformité avec la forme de section transversale des cavités (8, 9) est inséré dans les cavités (8, 9).
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont compressibles au moins dans la direction de surfaces opposées et sont de préférence insérés dans les cavités (8, 9) en forme comprimé.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 9 ou la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont configurés avec une largeur et/ou une longueur plus grande par rapport à celles des cavités (8, 9).
  12. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont complémentairement collés avec une surface de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9).
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont fabriqués en fibres minérales liées à des liants, notamment en fibres de roche, de verre ou de scories.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont fabriqués en matières fibreuses naturelles, telles que du chanvre, du lin, de la laine de moutons ou du coton sous forme lié ou non lié.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou la revendication 14, caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont configurés avec une orientation de fibres qui s'étend en parallèle aux grandes surfaces du corps moulé (15).
  16. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont configurés en forme de plaque, de barre ou de bande.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les surfaces de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9) sont configurées avec une grande rugosité de surface.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les surfaces de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9) sont configurées avec des saillies sous forme de points et/ou de lignes, qui comprennent de préférence une hauteur maximale de 1 mm.
  19. Procédé selon la revendication 17,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la rugosité de surface des surfaces de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9) est obtenue par des noyaux de tirage comprenant une surface donnant une rugosité correspondante.
  20. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées en rangées (10).
  21. Procédé selon la revendication 20,
    caractérisé en ce
    que deux cavités (8, 9) sont disposées dans chaque rangée (10), lesquelles cavités comprennent des longueurs différentes (a, c).
  22. Procédé selon la revendication 20,
    caractérisé en ce
    que deux cavités (8, 9) sont disposées dans chaque rangée (10), une cavité (8) comprenant une longueur qui est deux fois plus longue que la longueur de la deuxième cavité (9).
  23. Procédé selon la revendication 20 ou la revendication 21,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) ayant des longueurs différentes (a, c) sont disposées de manière alternante dans des rangées adjacentes (10).
  24. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que toutes les cavités (8, 9) sont remplies de matériau isolant.
  25. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont remplies de matériaux isolants différents.
  26. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 20,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins une cavité (8, 9), de préférence toutes les cavités (8, 9) d'une rangée (10) est respectivement sont remplie(s) d'un matériau notamment granuleux et ayant une densité volumique de > 1.500 kg/m3. notamment de ≥ 2.000 kg/m3.
  27. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés d'un matériau isolant sous forme de bande approximativement sans fin.
  28. Procédé selon la revendication 27,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés du matériau isolant sous forme de bande approximativement sans fin après avoir été insérés dans les cavités (8, 9).
  29. Procédé selon la revendication 27,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés du matériau isolant sous forme de bande approximativement sans fin avant d'être insérés dans les cavités (8, 9).
  30. Procédé selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés d'un élément en fibres minérales, notamment dans la direction longitudinale de celui-ci, en tant que bandes, plaques ou barres.
  31. Procédé selon la revendication 30,
    caractérisé en ce
    que l'élément en fibres minérales est divisé en bandes, plaques ou barres ayant des largeurs différentes correspondant à la largeur (b) des cavités (8, 9), desquelles bandes, plaques ou barres sont séparés les corps moulés (15).
  32. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps (2) est fabriqué en un matériau de pierre de manteau ou en pâte céramique ayant une densité volumique de ≤ 1,70 kg/dm3.
  33. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la brique (1) est fabriquée avec une conductivité thermique de ≤ 0,40 W/mK.
  34. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce
    que la brique (1) est fabriquée avec un rapport entre la traverse et la cavité dans la direction longitudinale de 1 à 2,2 jusqu'à 2,5 et/ou dans la direction de la largeur de 1 à 2,0 jusqu'à 2,3.
  35. Système de briques, notamment système de briques perforées, comprenant au moins une première et une deuxième briques (1), notamment des briques perforées, chaque brique comprenant un corps essentiellement cubique, qui a une hauteur, une longueur et une largeur, chaque corps cubique comprenant plusieurs, au moins deux, cavités (8, 9) ayant une longueur (a, c) et une largeur (b) et étant séparées l'une de l'autre par des traverses (11, 12), lesquelles cavités (8, 9) servent au moins partiellement à recevoir un matériau isolant, le matériau isolant étant configuré comme corps moulé (15), le corps moulé (15) étant inséré dans les cavités (8, 9) de sorte qu'il est retenu par friction, le corps moulé (15) comprenant une plus grande largeur et/ou longueur par rapport à celle de la cavité, la première brique comprenant une première largeur et la deuxième brique comprenant une deuxième largeur différente de la première largeur, caractérisé en ce que toutes les cavités (8, 9) de toutes les briques (1) comprennent une largeur identique (b) et de préférence un volume défini à l'aide de respectivement une largeur prédéterminée des traverses (11, 12), la largeur de chaque corps cubique correspondant à une fraction entière, notamment à 1/1, 1/2, 1/3 de l'épaisseur du mur fabriqué en une pluralité de briques.
  36. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) comprennent des longueurs différentes (a, c).
  37. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) comprennent des longueurs différentes (a, c), les longueurs (a) étant des multiples entiers des longueurs (c).
  38. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées de sorte qu'elles d'étendent en parallèle à l'axe longitudinal du corps (2).
  39. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) comprennent une longueur (a, c), qui plus grande que la largeur (b) des cavités (8, 9).
  40. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) comprennent une section transversale rectangulaire.
  41. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que des corps moulés (15) en un matériau isolant et essentiellement en conformité avec la forme de section transversale des cavités (8, 9) sont insérés dans les cavités (8, 9).
  42. Système de briques selon la revendication 41,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont compressibles au moins dans la direction de surfaces opposées.
  43. Système de briques selon la revendication 41,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont complémentairement collés avec une surface de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9).
  44. Système de briques selon la revendication 41,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont fabriqués en fibres minérales liées à des liants, notamment en fibres de roche ou de verre.
  45. Système de briques selon la revendication 44,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) comprennent une orientation de fibres qui s'étend en parallèle aux grandes surfaces des corps moulés (15).
  46. Système de briques selon la revendication 41,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les corps moulés (15) sont configurés en forme de plaque, de barre ou de bande.
  47. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les surfaces de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9) comprennent une grande rugosité de surface.
  48. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les surfaces de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9) comprennent des saillies sous forme de points et/ou de lignes, notamment interrompues, qui comprennent de préférence une hauteur maximale de 1 mm.
  49. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées en rangées (10).
  50. Système de briques selon la revendication 49,
    caractérisé en ce
    que deux cavités (8, 9) sont disposées dans chaque rangée (10), lesquelles cavités comprennent des longueurs différentes (a, c).
  51. Système de briques selon la revendication 49,
    caractérisé en ce
    que deux cavités (8, 9) sont disposées dans chaque rangée (10), une cavité (8) comprenant une longueur qui est deux fois plus longue que la longueur de la deuxième cavité (9).
  52. Système de briques selon l'une des revendications 49 à 51,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) ayant des longueurs différentes (a, c) sont disposées de manière alternante dans des rangées adjacentes (10).
  53. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que toutes les cavités (8, 9) sont remplies de matériau isolant.
  54. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que les cavités (8, 9) sont remplies de matériaux isolants différents.
  55. Système e briques selon la revendication 35 ou la revendication 49,
    caractérisé en ce
    qu'au moins une cavité (8, 9), de préférence toutes les cavités (8, 9) d'une rangée (10) est respectivement sont remplie(s) d'un matériau notamment granuleux et ayant une densité volumique de ≥ 1.500 kg/m3, notamment de ≥ 2.000 kg/m3.
  56. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé en ce
    que le corps (2) consiste en un matériau de pierre de manteau ou en pâte céramique ayant une densité volumique de ≤ 1,70 kg/dm3.
  57. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé par
    une conductivité thermique de ≤ 0,09 W/mK.
  58. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé par
    un rapport entre la traverse et la cavité dans sa direction longitudinale orientée de préférence dans la direction de l'épaisseur de mur de 1 à 2,2 jusqu'à 2,5 et/ou dans sa direction de la largeur orientée de préférence dans la direction longitudinale de mur de 1 à 2,0 jusqu'à 2,3.
  59. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractériséence
    que le corps consiste en une matière de départ ayant une conductivité thermique de maximum 0,40 W/mK,
  60. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé par
    des matériaux de départ inorganiques.
  61. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé par
    une matière de départ durcissant hydrauliquement, notamment le cément, la chaux, le gravier, le gravillon, la sable, les agrégats légers naturels et/ou expansés avec ou sans addition d'autres matières, telles que par exemple de la poussière de brique, des cendres ou des matières similaires.
  62. Système de briques selon la revendication 35,
    caractérisé par
    une matière de départ thermodurcissable, notamment l'argile, le limon ou les masses argileuses avec ou sans addition d'autres matières, telles que des matières amaigrissantes et/ou des matières d'autopyrogénation, telles que par exemple du polystyrène, de la sciure, de la matière fibreuse de papier ou similaire.
EP06015272.5A 2005-07-21 2006-07-21 Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et système de blocs de construction fabriqué par ce procédé Active EP1752592B1 (fr)

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DE202007009654U1 (de) 2007-07-10 2008-11-13 Klb Klimaleichtblock Gmbh Mauerstein mit Dämmmaterial
CN100564755C (zh) * 2007-12-21 2009-12-02 西北农林科技大学 一种轻质相变保温墙体砌块
PL217077B1 (pl) * 2008-02-04 2014-06-30 Trzaskoma Małgorzata Element budowlany
DE202008005297U1 (de) 2008-04-16 2008-07-10 Ziegelwerk Ott Deisendorf Gmbh & Co. Besitz-Kg Mauerstein mit mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Reihen von Hohlräumen
DE202009004631U1 (de) 2009-04-03 2010-08-19 Klb Klimaleichtblock Gmbh Mauerstein mit Fugendämmung
DE202009016311U1 (de) 2009-12-02 2010-04-08 Ziegelwerk Ott Deisendorf Gmbh & Co. Besitz-Kg Mauerstein mit mehreren nebeneinander angeordneten Reihen von Hohlräumen
DE102010016877A1 (de) * 2010-05-11 2011-11-17 Michael Kellerer Mauerziegel mit Dämmfüllung
AT513570A1 (de) * 2012-10-15 2014-05-15 Tondach Gleinstätten Ag Mauerziegel
EP4357547A1 (fr) * 2022-10-21 2024-04-24 Ceramix AG Produit de construction

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FR2201377B1 (fr) * 1972-09-22 1976-03-12 Marseille Tuileries
DE2937343A1 (de) * 1978-10-12 1980-04-17 Roland Ing Katholnigg Stranggepresster hohlziegel
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ES2595495T3 (es) 2016-12-30
EP1752592A3 (fr) 2011-01-05
DE202006007890U1 (de) 2006-07-20
PL1752592T3 (pl) 2017-03-31
DE102006002825B4 (de) 2008-07-24
EP1752592A2 (fr) 2007-02-14
DE102006002825A1 (de) 2007-02-15

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