EP1752592B1 - Method of making bricks and brick system made by this method - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a method for the production of bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35. J

Bricks, in particular perforated bricks, are formed of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without added substances other than machine bricks and fired at 800 to 1,000 ° C. Such bricks have a cubic body with a width that generally coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall to be made from the bricks. Therefore, such bricks are made in different widths. But it is also conceivable that several bricks lying with their narrow sides together in a Building wall are arranged. For example, two such bricks in the above arrangement form a building wall, which has a wall thickness which substantially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks. In the course of the rationalized creation of appropriate building walls, however, it has prevailed to hold bricks with widths that correspond to the desired wall thicknesses of the building walls.

For example, such a brick from the DE 31 00 642 A1 known. This is a hollow brick with insulating layers, which are arranged parallel to two opposite outer sides of the hollow brick in spaces of the hollow brick and spaced from each other by at least one of empty voids interspersed area. The interspersed by insulation layers areas are also distanced against the parallel to them outer sides of the hollow brick through such penetrated by empty cavities areas. As an insulating material of this prior art called foamable insulation, so for example polyurethane or polystyrene, which is foamed into the space provided for the hollow brick. Furthermore, mineral wool is called as insulating material, without this prior art discloses how mineral wool is to be introduced into the spaces of the hollow brick. According to this prior art, it is also possible to insert prefabricated insulation boards, for example foam boards in the spaces of the hollow brick.

Another brick is from the DE 35 32 590 A1 known, said brick has a base provided with air chambers. On at least one side of the base body first webs are formed, which extend over only a part of the height of the base body. At these webs a first shell is formed parallel to the main body. On the first shell and / or on the other side of the base second webs are formed, to which a second shell, also formed parallel to the base body, which also extend over only a portion of the height of the body, and that offset to the first Stegen. The space between the shells and / or the space between the main body and the shell is filled with insulating material, being used as insulation material Foam, cork, cork meal, coke fiber, wood wool, glass wool and rock wool are called. Furthermore, synthetic fibers are possible, which can be injected, poured or pushed into the space between the shells and / or between the base body and the shell.

Another brick in the form of a grid brick is from the DE 296 09 385 U1 is known. This lattice brick has a circumferential wall, wherein at least two opposite sides of the wall on the respective outer side of the lattice brick have recesses or bulges which engage in a lateral juxtaposition of a plurality of lattice bricks. Furthermore, the lattice brick has internally arranged webs which define vertically extending cavities. In this lattice brick, it is provided that within the circumferential wall at least one of the vertical webs free interior space for receiving insulation material is formed. This interior space is formed substantially larger compared to the cavities. As insulating material is glass wool, mineral wool, a foamed plastic or an insulating material made of synthetic fibers, in particular made of hollow fibers.

Furthermore, from the DE 200 12 221 U1 a previously known brick trained brick, the two formed on opposite outer sides of the brick, in use position horizontally arranged bearing sides, two trained on opposite outer sides, pointing in the shock direction, in use position vertically arranged butt joints, preferably with butt joint teeth, two formed on opposite outer sides, in the position of use vertically arranged, preferably free outer sides, wherein in the interior of the Ziegeis in use position vertically directed perforated chambers are formed, which pass through the brick by being open on at least one bearing side, preferably on both sides. Of these perforated chambers a plurality of perforated chambers are formed with a smaller hole cross section, wherein at least one perforated chamber is formed as an insulating material receiving perforated chamber with a larger hole cross-section. As Dämmmaterial a compact Dämmmaterialkörper is provided, which in terms of its outer dimensions, that is, in terms of its axial length and its cross section, accurately corresponds to the dimensions of the receiving hole chamber. In order to hold this insulating material body in the perforated chamber, this has a protruding into the hole cross-section molding in the form of a projecting strip-shaped nose. This nose is pressed into the insulating material, so that the insulating material is clamped in the hole chamber.

There are finally bricks, namely perforated bricks known in the market, which have a cubic body, which has a width corresponding to the wall thickness of the building wall to be formed. In this cubic body cavities are provided, which are filled with a Perlitfüllung as insulation.

The bricks described above have various disadvantages. Thus, it can be seen that the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed, for example of perlite, vermiculite or foam glass has the disadvantage that the bed must be sintered or provided with a binder to allow hardening of the bed in the brick. If this bed is introduced only after the production of the cubic body, then it requires a curing time of the bed, before the brick is ready for sale. Optionally, this curing time can be shortened by a supplementary burning process. In addition, there is the disadvantage that the cavities in the different bricks receive a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulation must be kept in different configurations. This is especially true for such bricks to be filled with preformed insulating bodies. In general, the provision of appropriate insulation body is required for each brick length and width. Furthermore, the prior art bricks partly have the disadvantage that the introduced insulating body are not arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the insulating body must be attached either with additional adhesive or protrusions in the cavities. The use of adhesives sometimes leads to the fact that the required fire resistance class due to the use of organic components can not be met. The design of additional projections as clamping elements leads to more complex forms the production of the bricks and the problem that these projections can be damaged or destroyed during machining, in particular during mechanical insertion of the insulating elements, so that the success is highly doubtful. In addition, these bricks have the disadvantage that despite the additional projections in the insulation receiving cavities of the insulation falls out when the bricks are cut in their longitudinal direction. Bricks that are filled with bulk fillers may tend to segregate or cut open so that the bulk filling is not sufficiently fixed and will trickle out. Therefore, special, called cut stones bricks are offered. In addition, bulk fillings have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.043 W / mK.

FR 2 201 377 A1 discloses a method for producing bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35. Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to further develop a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production the bricks in different lengths and widths is possible, the bricks have very good insulation properties and can be produced in sufficient variability in terms of their sound and / or thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a brick that can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner as a mass product with excellent heat and / or sound insulation properties.

The solution of this problem provides in an inventive claim 1, that all cavities of bricks different widths are made by a predetermined width of the webs between the cavities with an identical width and preferably a defined volume.

According to the invention it is thus provided that bricks different length and width have cavities, which are identical regardless of the length and width of the bricks in terms of their width, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements from organic or inorganic fibers and / or organic or inorganic expandable or foam materials can be fitted. The provision of different widths of insulating elements is no longer necessary, so that the backfilling of bricks is much more efficient and cheaper. The variability of the bricks is therefore achieved with respect to the different lengths by different width webs between the cavities. Thus, the inventive method allows, for example, the production of bricks, namely perforated bricks for wall thicknesses of 24 cm, 30 cm, 36.5 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 42.5 cm or 49 cm, all with respect to the width identically formed cavities, for example Have a width of 40 mm, so that in these above-described perforated bricks of different width fundamentally insulating material elements can be used, which are formed with a corresponding material thickness.

With regard to the solution of the above-mentioned problem is provided in a brick system according to the invention according to claim 35, that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.

Due to the frictional connection between the molded body formed as insulating material and the body of the brick of insulating material is arranged substantially captive in the cavity, so that a cutting of the brick does not necessarily mean that the insulation falls out of the brick. The brick formed according to the invention is not flammable and has a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.034 W / mK.

The brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials. For example, such bricks of a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances such as brick, ashes or similar materials or a thermosetting raw material, in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean burn and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.

The production of the bricks can be carried out either continuously in the course of an extrusion process or discontinuously in which the brick are produced individually in a mold by filling a plurality of molds with the starting material and curing the starting material in the molds. As mentioned above, the starting material can hydraulically harden or be fed to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired. Further features and advantages of the method and the brick system according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of advantageous embodiments of the method and the brick system according to the invention.

A development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities are formed with different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller. The cavities can thus be fitted with moldings of insulating material, the moldings in principle have a matching material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths. Preferably, the brick on two different lengths cavities, wherein the shorter cavities have a length which coincides with half the length of the longer cavities. The molded body of insulating material can therefore be kept in a width corresponding to the length of the longer cavity, wherein for the Bestükkung the shorter cavities halves the insulation material to form the shaped body in width and then inserted into the cavities with the shorter length.

According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the cavities are arranged extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, so that the cavities extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the building wall created from the bricks and allow optimum heat and / or sound insulation of a building wall made therefrom.

Preferably, the cavities are formed with a length that is greater than the width of the cavities. It is further provided that the cavities are formed with a rectangular cross section, so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings of insulating material, for example, bound with binders mineral fibers, web and / or plate-shaped can be kept, the individual moldings of these Mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards are separated by a cut perpendicular to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards.

In the cavities are used with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially matching moldings of an insulating material. The advantage of bricks produced by the process according to the invention of different length and width is then that the cavities consistently formed in all the bricks have a defined volume, so that the production of the bricks can basically be done with a predetermined volume of insulating material, without production deviations to lead that the cavities are filled with too little amount of insulation material or that excess insulation material must be removed regularly in the course of cleaning work from the manufacturing plant.

The shaped body is designed to be compressible at least in the direction of surfaces arranged opposite one another and is preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the shaped body prior to insertion of the shaped body into the cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is not damaged by the increased friction on the inner wall surfaces of the cavity which may arise during insertion. Therefore, there is a possibility, for example Formed body of mineral fibers with relatively low density to use.

According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the shaped body is frictionally inserted in the cavity, wherein the shaped body is preferably formed with a width and / or length which is greater in relation to the cavity. In addition, it can be provided that the molded body is bonded to at least one inner wall surface of the cavity. As already stated, moldings of mineral fibers bound with binders, in particular of stone or glass fibers, are preferably used. Alternatively, moldings of natural fibers such as flax, hemp, sheep's wool and / or the like may be provided.

In this case, it has proved to be advantageous to form the shaped bodies with a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped bodies have a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces of the shaped body and can therefore be inserted into the cavities in compressed form ,

In order to increase the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities, it is provided according to a further feature of the method according to the invention that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with a high surface roughness. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm. The line-shaped projections may extend over the entire length of the cavities or be formed only over a partial length of the cavities, wherein the line-shaped projections may also be formed interrupted.

It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the cavities are arranged in rows. Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, which have a different length. This serves in particular, to maintain the stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on Außenwandungsflächen, but also has webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a series.

Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity. The cavities thus have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds. According to a further feature of the method according to the invention it is provided that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows, so that a web arranged between the two cavities is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset from a web between two cavities of an adjacent row. This embodiment serves to increase the strength of the brick.

Preferably, all cavities are filled with insulation. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials, so that the brick produced by the method according to the invention can be adjusted to the respective requirements in the building wall. Thus, for example, with regard to the sound and / or thermal insulation different requirements for the bricks, as far as they are installed in the outer wall area or in the inner wall area of a building. While in the outer wall area, primarily the thermal insulation is of great importance, the inner walls in a building should primarily have sound insulating properties, although heat-insulating properties are also sought there.

High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ . A brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.

In the method according to the invention, it is further advantageously provided that the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings can finish flush with the cubic body of the brick, so that a post-processing of the brick is not required. If the brick has a plurality of cavities arranged in rows, then, of course, juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and removed in accordance with the length of the cavities. The shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction. Here, the mineral fiber web is guided above a production line for such bricks parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state , The shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater length and / or width relative to the dimensions of the cavities.

According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the mineral fiber web is cut according to the width of the cavities in different widths strips, plates or rods, from which the moldings are separated.

It has proved to be advantageous that the cubic body is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ≦ 1.70 kg / dm ³ .

In order to achieve a high thermal insulation performance, it is finally provided in a method according to the invention that the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced. Such a brick has a proportion of holes between 56 and approximately 64%, so that a correspondingly large amount of insulating material can be introduced into the brick. According to the invention it is thus possible to produce the brick with a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.09 W / mK.

The above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also given in the brick system according to the invention. The brick system according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and is frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length. Thus, the molding is firmly inserted into the cavities, so that it does not fall out of the brick even at the prevailing on site rough working conditions and especially in the cavities remains even if the brick is cut, for example, so that the cavity is open on one side, so that the shaped body rests only on three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that a building wall produced from the brick wall system according to the invention has a high thermal and / or acoustic insulation.

The cavities have different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the moldings to be used, for example, from insulating panels with a constant material thickness, worked out and then inserted into the cavities. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proved to be advantageous that the cavities have different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller, so that, for example, cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be formed.

The cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities have a length that is greater than the width of the cavities.

Such a brick can be produced in a simple manner, if the cavities have a rectangular cross section, so that the shaped bodies are also formed rectangular in cross section. This embodiment of the moldings is particularly advantageous in plate-shaped starting material made of insulating material, since the insulating material, which is supplied, for example, sheet or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely thereto must be divided into strips, which already matched to the width of the cavities Have material thickness, so that the length of the molded body made of insulating material can be adjusted over the cut to be executed. According to a further feature of the brick according to the invention it is provided that the shaped bodies are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can be compressed in a simple manner in the cavities are used, in which then expand the moldings and are held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities.

Nevertheless, it can additionally be provided that the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities. For example, the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer which can be activated by heat, for example, after insertion of the shaped body in the cavities.

The moldings are preferably formed from mineral fibers bound to binders, in particular from stone or glass fibers, since these insulating materials have excellent heat and / or sound insulation behavior, moreover they can be compressed in a simple manner depending on their density. Finally, these insulating materials are easy to process, especially to cut.

According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the shaped bodies of mineral fibers bound with binders have a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped body is made compressible in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces.

In order to increase the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have a high surface roughness. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have punctiform and / or linear, preferably interrupted protrusions, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm, so that they do not hinder the insertion of the moldings into the cavities. The production of surface roughness can be additionally or alternatively ensured by the surface structure of a drag core in extruding a clay brick wall blank or by a corresponding shaped formwork form.

The cavities are arranged in rows according to a further feature of the brick system according to the invention, wherein according to a further development in each row two cavities are arranged, which have a different length. Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, with one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity. A development of this embodiment provides that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows. The embodiments described above lead to a high stability of a brick system according to the invention. It may be filled with insulation according to a further feature of the invention, all cavities of the brick. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials in order to adjust the brick system according to the invention to different requirements of the building walls inside or outside the building.

A high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m ³ , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m ³ .

The brick system according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a density of 1.70 kg / dm ³ , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3. Overall, an inventive, filled with moldings of insulating brick with an overall lambda ₁₀ value ≤ 0.09 W / mK is formed. The raw densities of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention are in particular between 13 kg / m ³ and 120 kg / m ³ and have a lambda ₁₀ value of ≦ 0.034 W / mK.

Figur 1

einen als Lochziegel ausgebildeten Mauerstein für eine Wandstärke von 24 cm in einer Draufsicht;

Figur 2

einen Mauerstein gemäß Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 30 cm in einer Draufsicht;

Figur 3

einen Mauerstein gemäß Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 36,5 cm in einer Draufsicht;

Figur 4

einen Mauerstein gemäß Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 40 cm in einer Draufsicht und

Figur 5

einen Mauerstein gemäß Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 49 cm in einer Draufsicht.

Further features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of the accompanying drawings in which preferred embodiments of a brick system according to the invention are shown. In the drawing show:

FIG. 1

a trained as a perforated brick brick for a wall thickness of 24 cm in a plan view;

FIG. 2

a brick according to FIG. 1 for a wall wall thickness of 30 cm in a plan view;

FIG. 3

a brick according to FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 36.5 cm in a plan view;

FIG. 4

a brick according to FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 40 cm in a plan view and

FIG. 5

a brick according to FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 49 cm in a plan view.

An Indian FIG. 1 illustrated brick 1 has a substantially cubic body 2, which has two outer wall surfaces 3 and two perpendicular thereto outer wall surfaces 4, 5. The outer wall surfaces 3 are planar while the outer wall surface 4 has a nose-shaped projection 6 and the outer wall surface 5 has a recess 7 corresponding to the nose-shaped projection 6. The in FIG. 1 brick shown has essentially a square base.

In the brick 1 3 extending cavities 8 are arranged with a length a and a width b parallel to the outer wall surfaces. Furthermore, the brick 1 cavities 9 with a length c and the width b. The length c corresponds to half the length a.

The cavities 8 and 9 are arranged in rows 10 and separated by a web 11 with a web width d. The rows 10 are separated by webs 12, wherein the webs 12 have a web width e.

Furthermore, the brick 1 has in the area of the outer wall surfaces 3 outer walls 13 with a thickness f and in the region of the outer wall surfaces 4, 5 outer walls 14 with a thickness g.

In the FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of a brick 1 is a schematic diagram and it will be with respect to the FIGS. 2 to 5 the corresponding dimensions a to g indicated.

The cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15 made of binders bound mineral fibers, wherein the mineral fibers have a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities 8, 9. The moldings 15 are formed compressible and are used in the compressed state in the cavities 8, 9. In the relaxed state, the shaped bodies 15 have a greater material thickness compared to the width d of the cavities 8, 9, so that the shaped bodies 15 are frictionally held in the cavities 8, 9. In addition, the shaped bodies 15 correspond in terms of their outer contour to the cross-sectionally rectangular cavities 8, 9 of the brick 1.

Although in FIG. 1 and also in the following ones FIGS. 2 to 5 only a portion of the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15, it is understood that in a brick 1 all cavities 8, 9 or even a portion of the cavities 8, 9 may be filled with moldings 15, which of course also different moldings 15, that is, for example, such moldings 15 are used with a high sound insulation performance and such moldings 15 with a high thermal insulation performance.

The in the FIGS. 1 to 5 shown cavities 8, 9 have consistently widths b of 40 mm. The cavities 8 have a length a of preferably 150 mm, while the cavities 9 have a length c of preferably 75 mm. This results in a brick 1 according to FIG. 2 with a width B of 30 cm, which coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall created therefrom, a number of five rows 10 of cavities 8 and 9, each having a width b of 40 mm and a web width e of 16.666 mm.

The webs 11 have a web width d of 7.334 mm. The thickness g of the outer wall 14 is 7.33 mm in the area of the two in FIG. 2 projections 6 and 8 mm shown in the region of the outer wall 14 on both sides of the projections 6. The thickness f of the outer walls 13 is 16.666 mm and thus corresponds to the web width e match.

In the FIG. 3 another embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is provided for the production of a building wall with a building wall thickness of 38 cm and thus has a width B of 38 cm.

In contrast to the embodiment according to FIG. 2 the embodiment differs according to FIG. 3 in that instead of five rows 10 with cavities 8, 9 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 now six rows 10 are provided with cavities 8, 9 and moldings 15 inserted therein. This also results from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 Deviating dimension of the web widths e of the webs 12, which has a web width e of 20 mm in the embodiment of Figure 3. In the same way, the thickness f of the outer wall 13 of the brick 1 is different from FIG. 2 now 20 mm. The further dimensions a to d and g are consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match.

In the above dimensions A to G and L, the brick 1 according to FIG. 3 a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 56.9%, while the proportion of cavities 8, 9 in the brick according to FIG. 2 60.1%. In the same order of magnitude is therefore also the proportion of moldings 15, which are used as insulating material in the cavities 8, 9.

In FIG. 4 a further embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is characterized by the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 distinguishes that the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a width B of 40 cm and is therefore intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 40 cm. With the exception of the thickness f and the web width e, the dimensions of the brick 1 are in accordance with FIG. 4 with the dimensions of the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 match. Notwithstanding, the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 a web width e of 15 mm and a thickness f of also 15 mm. Furthermore, it can be seen that the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 in deviation from the brick according to FIG. 3 three projections 6 and consequently also three recesses 7 on the opposite outer wall surface 4 has.

The moldings 15 are inserted into the cavities 8, 9, which cavities 8, 9 are provided in seven parallel rows 10. The brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a share of cavities 8, 9 of 63.1%.

Finally shows FIG. 5 another brick 1 with eight rows 10 of parallel cavities 8, 9, wherein the brick 1 has two projections 6 in the region of an outer wall surface 4 and two recesses 7 in the region of the opposite outer wall surface 5. The brick 1 according to FIG. 5 has a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 58.9% and is formed with a width B of 49 cm, so that it is intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 49 cm.

Compared to the above-described bricks 1 also has the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 matching dimensions for the lengths a and c and the width b of the cavities 8, 9 on. Furthermore, the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is formed in accordance with the previously described embodiments of the brick 1. Deviating from this is only the web width e with a measure of 18.888 mm. This measure is also provided for the thickness f of the outer wall 13.

The above-described and in the FIGS. 1 to 5 illustrated bricks 1 can be produced in an advantageous manner by a method in which the bricks 1 in a first step of a starting material, such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles, For example, polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a die and then dried and fired.

Subsequently, it is easily possible in all of the above-described bricks 1 with different widths B to fill the cavities 8, 9 with matching moldings 15, since the cavities 8 in all of the bricks 1 of FIGS. 1 to 5 For this purpose, it is possible to separate corresponding shaped body 15 as a strip-shaped insulating elements of a mineral fiber web to introduce into the cavities 8, 9 and cut flush with the surface of the insulation strips before the insulation strips below in the next Cavity 8, 9 is introduced with matching dimensions.

Claims (62)

1. A method for producing bricks having different lengths and widths,
   wherein a first brick which comprises a first width and a second brick which comprises a second width differing from the first width, is produced, wherein each brick comprises an essentially cubical body which has a height, a length and a width, wherein each cubical body comprises several, at least two cavities (8, 9) having a length (a, c) and a width (b) and being separated from each other by webs (11, 12), which cavities at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, wherein each brick is produced from a starting material while forming the cavities,
   characterized in
   that all cavities (8, 9) of the bricks (1) having a different width are produced with an identical width (b) and preferably a defined volume by means of respectively one predetermined width of the webs (11, 12) between the cavities (8, 9), and that the width of each cubical body corresponds to an integer fraction, in particular 1/1, 1/2 or 1/3 of the thickness of a wall made of a plurality of bricks.
2. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the brick (1) is produced from inorganic starting materials.
3. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the bricks (1) are extruded or individually produced in a mould.
4. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the bricks (1) are produced from a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular from cement, lime, gravel, grit, sand, natural and/or expanded lightweight aggregate products with or without addition of other materials, such as for example brick-dust, ashes or similar materials or a thermo-hardening starting material, in particular from clay, loam or clayey masses with or without addition of other materials, such as tempering and/or opening materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
5. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with different lengths (a, c), wherein the lengths (a) are integer multiples of the lengths (c).
6. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged such that they extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body (2).
7. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a length (a, c) which is greater than the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9).
8. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a rectangular cross section.
9. A method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that a moulded body (15) made of an insulating material and essentially in accordance with the cross sectional shape of the cavities (8, 9) is inserted into the cavities (8, 9).
10. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are compressible at least in the direction of opposite surfaces and are preferably inserted into the cavities (8, 9) in a compressed form.
11. A method according to claim 9 or 10,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are formed with a greater width and/or length with respect to the cavities (8, 9).
12. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are complementarily glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities (8, 9).
13. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are produced from mineral fibers bound with binding agents, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers.
14. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies are produced from natural fiber materials, such as hemp, flax, lamb's wool or cotton in a bound or unbound form.
15. A method according to claim 13 or 14,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are formed with a fiber orientation that extends in parallel to the great surfaces of the moulded body (15).
16. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are plate-, bar- or strip-shaped.
17. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a high surface roughness.
18. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with punctiform and/or line-shaped projections which preferably comprise a maximum height of 1 mm.
19. A method according to claim 17,
    characterized in
    that the surface roughness of the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) is formed by drag cores comprising a corresponding roughening surface.
20. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged in rows (10).
21. A method according to claim 20,
    characterized in
    that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), which cavities comprise different lengths (a, c).
22. A method according to claim 20,
    characterized in
    that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), wherein one cavity (8) comprises a length which is twice as long as the length of the second cavity (9).
23. A method according to claim 20 or 21,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) having different lengths (a, c) are alternately arranged in adjacent rows (10).
24. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that all cavities (8, 9) are filled with an insulating material.
25. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are filled with different insulating materials.
26. A method according to claim 1 or 20,
    characterized in
    that at least one cavity (8, 9), preferably all cavities (8, 9) of a row (10) is respectively are filled with an especially granular material having a raw density of ≥ 1500 kg/m³, in particular ≥ 2000 kg/m³.
27. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from an approximately endless strip-like insulating material.
28. A method according to claim 27,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from the approximately endless strip-like insulating material after having been inserted into the cavities (8, 9).
29. A method according to claim 27,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from the approximately endless strip-like insulating material before being inserted into the cavities (8, 9).
30. A method according to claim 9,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from a mineral fiber element, in particular in the longitudinal direction thereof, as strips, plates or bars.
31. A method according to claim 30,
    characterized in
    that the mineral fiber element is separated into strips, plates or bars having a different width corresponding to the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9), from which strips, plates or bars the moulded bodies (15) are separated.
32. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the body (2) is produced from a mantle block material or a brick body having a raw density of < 1.70 kg/dm³.
33. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the brick (1) is produced with a thermal conductivity of ≤ 0.40 W/mK.
34. A method according to claim 1,
    characterized in
    that the brick (1) is produced with a web-cavity ratio in the longitudinal direction of 1 to 2.2 until 2.5 and/or in the direction of width of 1 to 2.0 until 2.3.
35. A brick system, in particular a perforated brick system comprising at least a first and a second brick (1), in particular a perforated brick, wherein each brick comprises an essentially cubical body which has a height, a length and a width, wherein each cubical body comprises several, at least two cavities (8, 9) having a length (a, c) and a width (b) and being separated from each other by webs (11, 12), which cavities at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, wherein the insulating material is designed as a moulded body (15), wherein the moulded body (15) is inserted into the cavities (8, 9) in a frictionally locking manner, wherein the moulded body preferably comprises a a greater width and/or length with respect to the cavity, wherein the first brick comprises a first width and the second brick comprises a second width differing from the first width, characterized in that all cavities (8, 9) of all the bricks (1) comprise an identical width (b) and preferably a defined volume by means of respectively one predetermined width of the webs, wherein the width of each cubical body corresponds to an integer fraction, in particular 1/1, 1/2 or 1/3 of the thickness of a wall made of a plurality of bricks.
36. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) comprise different lengths (a, c).
37. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with different lengths (a, c), wherein the lengths (a) are integer multiples of the lengths (c).
38. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged such that they extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body (2).
39. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) comprise a length (a, c) which is greater than the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9).
40. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) comprise a rectangular cross section.
41. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that moulded bodies (15) made of an insulating material and essentially in accordance with the cross sectional shape of the cavities (8, 9) are inserted into the cavities (8, 9).
42. A brick system according to claim 41,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are compressible at least in the direction of opposite surfaces.
43. A brick system according to claim 41,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are complementarily glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities (8, 9).
44. A brick system according to claim 41,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are produced from mineral fibers bound with binding agents, in particular from stone or glass fibers.
45. A brick system according to claim 44,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) comprise a fiber orientation that extends in parallel to the great surfaces of the moulded bodies (15).
46. A brick system according to claim 41,
    characterized in
    that the moulded bodies (15) are plate-, bar- or strip-shaped.
47. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) comprise a high surface roughness.
48. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with punctiform and/or line-shaped, in particular interrupted projections which preferably comprise a maximum height of 1 mm.
49. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged in rows (10).
50. A brick system according to claim 49,
    characterized in
    that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), which cavities comprise different lengths (a, c).
51. A brick system according to claim 49,
    characterized in
    that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), wherein one cavity (8) comprises a length (a) which is twice as long as the length (c) of the second cavity (9).
52. A brick system according to one of the claims 49 through 51, characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) having different lengths are alternately arranged in adjacent rows (10).
53. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that all cavities (8, 9) are filled with an insulating material.
54. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the cavities (8, 9) are filled with different insulating materials.
55. A brick system according to claim 35 or 49,
    characterized in
    that at least one cavity (8, 9), preferably all cavities (8, 9) of a row (10) is respectively are filled with an especially granular material having a raw density of ≥ 1500 kg/m³, in particular ≥ 2000 kg/m³.
56. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the body (2) consist of a mantle block material or a brick body having a raw density of < 1.70 kg/dm³.
57. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized by
    a thermal conductivity of ≤ 0.09 W/mK.
58. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized by
    a web-cavity ratio in its longitudinal direction preferably oriented in the direction of the wall thickness of 1 to 2.2 until 2.5 and/or in its direction of width preferably oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wall of 1 to 2.0 until 2.3.
59. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized in
    that the body consists of a starting material having a thermal conductivity of maximum 0.40 W/mK.
60. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized
    by inorganic starting materials.
61. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized
    by a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, grit, sand, natural and/or expanded lightweight aggregate products with or without addition of other materials, such as for example brick-dust, ashes or similar materials.
62. A brick system according to claim 35,
    characterized
    by a thermo-hardening starting material, in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without addition of other materials, such as tempering and/or opening materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.

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