DE2937343A1 - EXTRUDED HOLLOW BRICK - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to hollow bricks consisting of fired clay and having an uneven number of offset rows (5) which contain large chambers (1), with a rectangular cross-section and a length of at least 70 mm, and part-chambers being essentially half the length of a large chamber (1). In each outermost row (5') of said hollow bricks, at least one end chamber is formed by a part-chamber (2'). The transverse web (6') separating the part-chamber (2') from the adjoining large chamber (1) reinforces the corner region, with the result that the hollow bricks can be extruded without damage. Preferably, part-chambers (2'') of the third to (n - 2)th row (5'') are open towards the abutting surfaces of the hollow brick (20), with the result that the heat-flow path through the brick grid also approximately corresponds, in the butt-joint region, to that in the central region. Horizontal extrusion is permitted by the simultaneous extrusion of a transportation sub-layer which consists of clay and on which the green bricks cut from the extrudate remain, at least until they achieve an inherent strength which permits further, problem-free handling. <IMAGE>

Description

Extruded hollow brick

The invention relates to an extruded hollow brick with, in an odd number of staggered rows perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer aligned large chambers with rectangular ones, bounded by longitudinal and transverse webs Cross-section, with the large chamber, a length of at least 70 mm, preferably approx. 90 mm, and a ratio of width to length of at least 1: 7, preferably 1:10, and the difference between the width of the large chamber and the width of the longitudinal web between 0 and 14 Imm, preferably approx. 111 mm, and with sub-chambers that have substantially half the length of a large chamber, as well as methods and Devices for its manufacture.

In the AT-PS 276.706 theoretical considerations were already over Clay tiles with the best possible thermal insulation. These considerations led to the result that the total thermal conductivity of the brick increases with decreasing air chamber widths and longitudinal web widths, as well as decreases with increasing air chamber lengths. However, since The AT-PS shows that there are technical compression limits for all three criteria 276.706 as a practically feasible solution, air chambers with diamond-shaped cross-sections in staggered rows, some of which by lying in the small diamond axis additional cross bars are divided, increasing the strength of the brick blank increased during manufacture, but the thermal resistance is reduced.

The brick shown has an odd number of rows of air chambers on, with the outermost row being a Basic row with like Chambers, next a staggered row, etc. is arranged. It is the AT-PS 276.706 that the total thermal conductivity of the brick is further reduced could be if the air chambers were rectangular in cross section, whereby the heat flow through the brick lattice would have to cover the longest possible path, but air chambers with a diamond-shaped cross-section must be created, otherwise the necessary Strength cannot be achieved. It is evident that the total thermal conductivity in the case of air chambers with a rectangular cross-section being lowered, the path is extended at half the offset with an axial ratio of length to width of the air chamber of 4: 1 with a rectangular cross-section 1.214 times that of the diamond-shaped one Cross-section, at a ratio of 7: 1, 1.131 times and at a ratio 10: 1 is still 1.095 times higher.

Furthermore, from AT-PS 339.018 the attempt has become known, at least to build a few rows with rectangular air chambers into the diamond lattice; it was however, it has not yet been possible to manufacture bricks by extrusion from a manufacturing point of view, which only have large chambers with a rectangular cross-section, which the initially meet the requirements mentioned.

It is now surprisingly through a relatively simple contrivance succeeded in producing such bricks. On closer examination it was namely determines that the weak points of the horizontally pressed strand or the Blank does not have that entire cross-sectional area roughly uniform are distributed, which imposes itself due to the even distribution of the large chambers, but are concentrated on two specific spatial and one temporal areas, the elimination of which allows the desired bricks to be made. The time range extends from the exit from the die of the extruder either to the Completion of the drying of the brick blanks or up to a twisting of the cut off ones Brick blanks around 900 so that the air chambers are vertical. The two local Areas represent the sections of the two lateral edge webs ds pressed out horizontally Strand at the level of the lowest air chamber of the first row. These edge web sections are on the one hand by the dead weight of the strand and on the other hand due to their exposed position directly on the contact surface on the conveyor base the manufacturing plant to such an extent that the production of a large chamber with a height - or in cross section with a length - corresponding to the initially conditions mentioned above. The edge web sections booked at best only laterally, but generally break open completely, which of course means the lattice structure and the outer brick shape would be destroyed.

The object of the invention is therefore to be put into practice of the theoretical calculation models, namely an extruded brick of the initially called type to create.

According to the invention this is achieved in that every extreme row, as known per se, begins at least at one end with a sub-chamber.

It is true both for extruded bricks (DE-PS 817.950) as also for concrete blocks that are manufactured in molds (AT-PSs 195.617, 309.759) known, at the end of the outermost rows partial chambers in half the length of the rest To order chambers, but it was by no means foreseeable that this measure ks would enable bricks with large chambers, -the conditions mentioned at the beginning correspond to produce. Finally, the already mentioned AT-PS 339.018 also shows at the ends of the outermost rows partial chambers in half the length of the triangular Large chambers, but the other rectangular chambers also only have half of them Length on.

The inventive arrangement of a sub-chamber at least one end of the outermost rows is referred to in AT-PS 276,706 as theoretical Best designated design of the brick lattice with a rectangular cross-section Large chambers nothing changed.

The length of the heat flow paths remains the same, the specified minimum ratio from length to width can be far exceeded, and the absolute dimensions can be maintained will.

There are now two types of distribution of large chambers and partial chambers possible in the individual rows. The first possible arrangement is to to form a number of large chambers in each row and a sub-chamber at the end, due to the offset, the sub-chamber in a row at the first and in the subsequent row appears at the second end, and being due to the odd Number of rows in the two outermost rows, the sub-chamber arranged on the same side are.

The second arrangement option sees so-called basic rows, where under a base row a deer with large chambers of equal length without sub-chambers is understood, and staggered rows in front, in which a subchamber at each end is trained.

If basic rows and staggered rows are formed, this is according to the invention provided that in the sequence of the series, as known per se (DE-PS 817 950, AT-PS 309 759), the staggered rows fall on odd numbers.

In the case of such large chambers, their length is inevitably based on the desired brick format. The following table shows the possible arrangements for large chambers and partial chambers for two common tile lengths (perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer) of 250 and 300 mm: No. Brick row Chamber length (T = subchamber) mm Number and thickness Number of length = of the crossbars Strand height mern mm 1 . 250 1. 33 (T) 73 73 33 (T) 5 X 7.6 3 2. 73 73 73 4 X 7.75 2. 250 1. 44 (T) 88 88 4 X 7.5 2 + 1/2 2. 88 88 44 (T) 4 X 7.5 3.250 1. 52.5 (T) 113 52.5 (T) 4 X 8.0 2 2. 113 113 3 X 8.0 4. 300 1. 37.5 (T) 75 75 75 5 X 7.5 3 + 1/2 2. 75 75 75 37.5 (T) 5 X 7.5 5. 300 1. 41 (T) 90 90 41 (T) 5 X 7.6 3 2. 90 90 90 4 X 7.5 6. 300 1. 53.8 (T) 107.5 107.5 4 X 7.8 2 + 1/2 2. 107.5 107.5 53.8 (T) 4 X 7.8 7. 300 1. 65 (T) 138 65 (T) 4 X 8.0 2 2. 138 138 3 X 8.0 The production of the brick according to the invention by horizontal extrusion is made possible by the arrangement of a sub-chamber at the same ends of the outermost rows, since a transverse web is formed in the two areas in which the weak points mentioned above occur. As mentioned, the lateral edge of a large chamber would be arched as the lowest chamber of the outer rows, as soon as the length of the chamber (or in the S-section its height) is a certain amount, which, based on tests, is from 65 to 70 mm, depending on the sound quality , exceeds. Due to the arrangement of the subchamber at this point, a transverse web is now generated at a height from the bottom of the extrusion press die at a maximum corresponding to this dimension, which connects the lateral edge web with the next longitudinal web and thus stabilizes it. The second chamber of the outermost row of the strand, seen from below, is already so little burdened by its own weight that it can represent a large chamber. The other, i.e. also the top chamber in the line, can of course also be large chambers.

It is therefore possible to produce both the bricks, the large chambers in each row and a subchamber, the subchamber of the first row in the strand and Due to the odd number, the last row is also the bottom, as well as those, the base rows and staggered rows with a subchamber at each end if staggered rows are formed first and last, In Another consequence has now been shown that the inventive design of a brick it allows the sub-chambers at least the third to (n-2) th row to the To design joint surfaces open, which has not been the case with extruded bricks so far was feasible, although this was done with Bvton stones that are produced in a form, is also already described by the aforementioned AT-PSs 195.617 and 309.759.

The inventive arrangement of the sub-chamber in the outermost row as the lowest in the strand, it would even allow this sub-chamber to become the abutment surface of the brick (to the bottom or top surface of the mouthpiece of the extruder) towards open and produce the brick, but that would be proportionate in the masonry Careful handling of the bricks is necessary, which is not so easily assumed may earth.

The opening of the sub-chambers of the third to (n-2) th row allows For the first time, the theory of the optimal heat flow extension in extruded To apply bricks to the edge area, as in all publications so far is always mentioned restrictively, could only extend to the central area, because a continuous edge crossbar was unavoidable due to the manufacturing process. When the invention Bricks, the heat flow is also in the edge zones continuously over the longitudinal webs diverted.

The loss of heat flow path in bricks in which the part chambers the first and last row remain closed can, on the other hand, be neglected will.

Hollow bricks, the sub-chambers of which are open to the joint surfaces, can for example, produced by a first method according to the invention in the manner be that a strand is generated which has a continuous lower edge transverse web has on which the strand rests. After exiting the mouthpiece, will the strand cut horizontally, the cut at a distance from the resting surface is carried out, which is the thickness of the edge crossbar at the opening part chambers is equivalent to. In the remaining parts, the edge crossbar has a greater thickness, which is increased by the lateral crosspiece of the Großkarnmern.

After the horizontal cut, the strand remains on the cut one Edge crossbar, which now serves as a transport pad and which is created by the cut protects weakened sub-chambers against the conveyor system. In further consequence the strand including its transport support vertically to form brick blanks cut.

The further process steps can now be carried out in three different ways be performed.

The first possibility is a rotation of the brick blanks by 900 before, whereby the chambers are brought into the vertical, and at the same time the transport documents fall off. The brick blanks then become more common Way dried and burned.

The second preferred option, however, provides that the brick blanks are not rotated, but on their transport base, the sections of the cut edge transverse web, remain and be dried together with them. This possibility has the additional advantage that a uniform drying can be achieved as the air releases the still horizontal air chambers and can be crossed out unhindered, creating tension due to different drying times different area of the blanks can be avoided. Then only the Transport documents removed and the bricks fired. The dried transport documents can be fed back into the raw material, which means that there is no loss of material.

The third possibility is that the blanks also during of burning remain on their transport pad, which may be the case with blanks with particularly long large chambers could be advantageous where the risk of Damage when removing the transport documents before burning connected Manipulation could exist.

A manufacturing facility for performing this first process is characterized in that following the mouthpiece of the extruder with a distance corresponding to the thickness of the edge transverse web at least to the lower one horizontal boundary surface of the mouthpiece a cutting wire transversely to the direction of strand movement is excited.

Furthermore, it is known to use half or corner hollow bricks in pairs on top of one another to produce, in which two strands lying one above the other are pressed through the mouthpiece are cut together to form blanks and then separated and dried and be burned. Based on this, we see a second method of manufacture of hollow bricks according to the invention with partial chambers open towards the abutment surfaces before that as the lower strand a transport pad for the - after the vertical cut and the separation from the sections of the transport pad - the brick blanks forming upper strand is generated. The lower strand in this version thus a flat band is pressed, while the upper one in its contours the later one Brick equivalent. After exiting the mouthpiece, the upper strand comes up to lay the lower strand as a transport pad. The further procedural steps can proceed as in the first procedure.

Because the upper strand with the air chambers after the exit would sink out of the mouthpiece by the thickness of the crosspiece of the mouthpiece, what possibly when the crossbar is not formed by a cutting wire becomes, to a change in shape of the upper strand could lead is provided in a preferred embodiment of this method that the lower Strand around the thickness of the crossbar immediately after exiting the mouthpiece of the mouthpiece is raised. The lower one, representing the transport document Since it is not an end product, strand can easily be on a relatively short one Line can be shifted upwards in parallel, as a possibly occurring minor damage to the lower strand is inconsequential, this procedure allows there is also the transport pad with additional guides for the upper strand to provide. For example, it is conceivable for the lower strand to be U-shaped or with a comb-like cross-section with a greater width than that of the upper strand press, so that after the two strands have been brought together, the two outer webs of the U encompass the side of the upper strand. The middle webs of the preferred one Comb are arranged so that they are in the downwardly open sub-chambers of the upper Stick out.

An extrusion press is suitable for carrying out this process, in which the mouthpiece through a, for the production of the lower strand as a flat one Band, possibly formed by a cutting wire, horizontal crossbar is divided into two parts in a manner known per se. It can preferably be the one below of the crosspiece arranged part of the mouthpiece widened compared to the upper part and be U-shaped in cross-section, but preferably roughly comb-like, the two outermost ridges of the ridge outside the vertical boundary surfaces of the upper part of the mouthpiece.

The hollow brick according to the invention with open sub-chambers can, however can also be produced by a third process in that the strand, in which the sub-chambers of at least the third to (n-2) th rows to the the abutting surfaces of the hollow brick forming side surfaces are open, in a manner known per se pressed vertically and horizontally through a cutting device into brick blanks cut up, dried and burned. This procedure is so far for example for the production of clay pipes, but not for brick production has been used since bricks according to the invention cannot be produced, and known bricks were horizontally easier to produce and with less equipment.

The invention will now be described with reference to the figures of the accompanying drawings Drawings described in more detail, without being limited thereto. They show: Fig. 1-4 plan views of four different exemplary embodiments of the invention Brick, Fig. 5 shows a vertical section through a molding strand after the exit from a horizontal extruder, FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a Manufacturing plant, FIGS. 7 and 8, sections through the mouthpieces of two horizontal ones Extrusion, according to the line VII-VII (VIII-VIII) shown on the strand in FIG. 5, FIG. 9 shows a vertical section similar to FIG. 5 according to another example of the method using a mouthpiece similar to FIG. 8, and FIG. 10 is a schematic Representation of another process with vertical extrusion.

A first brick 20 according to the invention according to FIG. 1 points vertically to the heat transfer direction A an odd number n of rows 5 with air chambers on. Each row 5 of this embodiment consists of two rectangular cross-sections Large chambers 1, with a width aspect ratio of at least 1: 7, the length of the large chambers is at least 70 mm, as well as the length of a partial chamber 2 corresponds to about half the length of the large chamber 1. The chambers 1, 2 are one below the other by longitudinal webs 4, which extend in a straight line over the length of the tile = strand height extend, and separated by offset transverse webs 6.

The first and last row 5 'and thus also all the others that are in the sequence of rows 5 falling to odd numbers begins in the drawing below with a partial chamber 2 '.

This creates a first cross bar belonging to the normal brick grid 6 'at half the height of the first large chamber 1 of the second row 5. The fig. 1 (and also FIG. 2) is also a view of the mouthpiece of the Extrusion press, so that each crossbar 6 'strengthening the two weak points is used in the lower corner areas during extrusion. The one mentioned at the beginning well-known brick has only large chambers in the outermost rows of chambers, with additional crossbars for reinforcement are inserted, which reduce the thermal resistance humiliate. The warping of the sub-chamber 2 in the exposed lower corner area, the one with the greatest lateral load due to its own weight during extrusion is exposed, also creates a crossbar at this point, which the Reinforced corner area.

This transverse web 6 'is, however, a transverse web of the brick lattice and not a additional. Furthermore, it surprisingly reinforces the corner area in one Extent that the manufacture of the brick with large chambers 1 with rectangular cross-section is made possible according to the theoretical calculation model. After execution 1, the brick according to the invention has two large chambers 1 and one per row Partial chamber 2, which with an example tile length = strand height of 300 mm enables a large chamber length of 107.5 mm (tile no. 6 in the table).

The brick 20 according to FIG. 2 has only large chambers 1 Basic rows 5 as well as staggered rows 5 ″ provided, the two sub-chambers 2 on the two ends of the row. In this version, the production a partial chamber 2 'enabling transverse web 6' in the exposed corner area of the strand achieved by the fact that the staggered rows 5 "in the sequence of rows 5 to odd Numbers fall, i.e. the first row 5 ', the third, the fifth, etc. up to the nth and last row 5 'are staggered rows 5 ". For example tile length of 300 mm, the large chambers 1 have a length of 90 mm (tile no. 5 in the table).

3 and 4 are a plan view of two further exemplary embodiments of the brick 20 according to the invention, the same chamber lengths and arrangements as shown in Figs. In this embodiment, however, are with the exception of the sub-chambers 2 'in the two outermost rows 5', all others Partial chambers open to the abutment surfaces 3, and therefore marked with 2 ". Also with these bricks is the prerequisite for their production according to one of the The method described below to think that in the lower corner areas of the strand, which correspond to the lower corner areas of the two bricks shown, each in the first and last row 5 'one Partial chamber 2 'with the associated reinforcement web 6 'is formed.

This version of the brick offers the particular advantage that the Values described as ideal for chamber length, chamber width, longitudinal web width, etc. were previously only valid for the middle area of the tile, since the abutting surface 3, as also shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, formed on a continuous edge transverse web was, which could have minor protrusions and recesses or the like, however, essentially a rectilinear heat flow path in the direction of the arrow A represented.

The formation of the brick according to the invention with the abutment surfaces open sub-chambers 2 ″ leads to an interrupted edge transverse web, so that the IZärmestromxçeg almost (Fig. 4) or completely (Fig. 3 above) corresponds to that in the middle of the brick. the Total thermal conductivity of the brick according to the invention therefore actually reaches the Value calculated for the middle of the brick xlurde.

5-7 is a first method of making one according to the invention Brick according to FIGS. 3 or 4 shown. 5 shows a vertical section by a strand of bricks 8 emerging from the mouthpiece 9.

The strand 8 is on its underside, similar to a shaped strand for bricks according to Fig. 1, 2, provided with an edge crossbar 7, which, however, in the further process steps cut along the plane a and finally removed will. The manufacturing plant shown schematically in FIG. 6 can be used for this purpose. In the vicinity of the mouthpiece 9 of the extruder 8 is with one of the width of the Edge crossbar 7 corresponding distance from the horizontal boundary surface b of the mouthpiece 9 aligned conveyor system 25 a cutting wire 11 transversely to the strand movement direction B stretched, which cuts the exiting strand 8 horizontally.

The cut strand 8 is now conveyed further, with the cut strand Edge crossbar 7 serves as a transport pad, and by a vertically moving Cutting device 22, which during the step also moves in the direction B moving, in strand sections that form the brick blanks 8 'and in sections 7t of the edge crosspiece 7 is divided.

Following the vertical section, if the brick blank 8 'is rotated 90 ° so that the air chambers extend vertically, the sections 7 'can be removed. However, it is preferably provided that the brick blanks 8 'together brought the sections 7 'with their transport documents into the drying plant 23 and dried. Particularly even drying is achieved, because the air can flow freely through the horizontal chambers. After leaving of the drying system 23 there is also the possibility of separating the brick blanks a 'from the sections 7' before they are brought into the kiln 24.

This separation is also preferably carried out, as shown in the figure drawn arrows is shown, since the dried blanks 8 'are already sufficient are firm to rest on the cut surface, so that the protection provided by the transport pad is no longer needed. The removed dried sections 7 'can again added to the raw clay so that there is no loss of material.

In the kiln 2i's, only the brick blanks 8 'are fired leave him as brick 20.

In the case of brick blanks 8 'with particularly long large chambers 1, however, even during the firing, the support on the sections 7 'as a transport base and support protection may be desirable or advantageous. In this case, the rest of the way Treatment of the dried parts 8 ', 7' together in accordance with the dashed lines drawn arrows of FIG. 6.

So they are fired together in the kiln 24 and after they exit divided, whereby brick 20 again arise. The also burned sections 7 'can no longer be returned to the raw mass.

7 shows a section through the nozzle 9 of the extrusion press 10 of Fig. 6, the section corresponding to the section along the line Vil-Vil 5 is laid through the strand, as well as the adjoining area of the conveyor system 25. In the IIundstüclç 9, the cores 21, which the chambers 1, 2 correspond, arranged.

The lowest core 21 'creates the lower sub-chamber 2' of the last Row 5 'and has a distance to the lower boundary surface b of the mouthpiece 9 in twice the width of a transverse web 6. In the vicinity of the mouthpiece 9 is transverse to the strand movement direction B, a cutting wire 11 in the middle of the distance between the boundary surface b, which is flush with the surface of the conveyor system 25, and the underside of the core 21 'tensioned. The emerging strand 8 is through cut the cutting wire 11 horizontally along the line a. As from the drawing As can be seen, a transverse web remains after the cut in the region of the core 21 ' 6 ", which forms the edge part for the sub-chamber 2 'formed by the core 21' (Fig. 5) forms.

For the third to (n-2) -th subchambers 2 ", those in the finished brick are open towards the abutment surface 3 according to the line a, the lowest extend Cores further down, so that their lower edges are in line with plane a. Their distance from surface b is therefore only the distance from the cutting wire 11 from the surface of the conveyor 25.

By separating the edge transverse web 7, these sub-chambers are therefore 2 "cut open. The lowermost cores 21 'for the large chambers 1 extend but also only as far as the core 21 'shown for the sub-chamber 2' of the outermost row 5 ', so that the large chambers cut through after the horizontal an edge web 6 "are closed. Otherwise, the design of the Nundstückes corresponds 9 and the distribution and dimensioning of the cores 21, 21 'of the illustration in FIG. 5, from which the differences in the lowest core row can be clearly seen.

Another method of making a brick according to the invention according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4, is described with reference to FIG. 8, which also the section like FIG. 7 according to the line VIll-VIll in FIG. 5 shows.

In this variant, there is the mouthpiece 14 of the extruder 10 from an upper part 14 'and a lower part 14n, which are separated from each other by a fixed crosspiece 15 are separated. Instead of the transverse web 15, the generation of causes two separate strands 12, 13, and fuS {tional the cutting wire 11 in 7, a cutting wire could optionally also be used in this embodiment already be provided in the mouthpiece. The formation of a fixed transverse web 15 but brings your additional advantage, which is explained in more detail below.

The extruder 10 thus produces two strands 12, 13, of which the lower 12 forms a band, namely the transport pad that is used in the first method cut xmrde by the cutting wire 11. The upper strand 13 corresponds in the Cross-section of the brick blank of the part in Fig. 5 above the plane a. The order the cores 21 is similar to that in Fig. 7. The endeavor of the upper strand 13, after Exit from the upper part 14 'of the mouthpiece 14 onto the transport pad, formed by the lower strand 12 to sink, which may lead to damage of the brick lattice is counteracted by the fact that the lower strand 12 immediately after exiting the lower part 14 ″ of the mouthpiece 14 through the shape of the conveyor system 25 is increased by the thickness of the crosspiece 15. This can happen very quickly, since the lower strand 12 is not destroyed is to be feared and also a possibly minor damage is irrelevant were. The upper strand 13 is therefore shortly after exiting the mouthpiece without Slack on the lower strand 12. From this point on, the others run Method step is the same as explained with reference to FIG. 6.

As mentioned above, the division into two separate strands offers 12, 13, however, a further advantage which is explained with reference to FIG. It is this allows the cross-section of the lower strand and thus the transport pad not only rectangular, as in the method according to FIG. 7, but also differently too design. Thus, the cross-section of the lower strand of FIG. 9 is preferred trained like a comb. The strand 12 also has a greater width than the upper strand 13 so that the two outermost webs 16 of the comb outside the side walls of the strand 13 are and encompass them in the lowest area. It also becomes special for production long sub-chambers (approximately according to No. 7 of the table) an additional lateral StSitz (achieved. Simultaneously Center supports in the form of central webs 17 can also be formed, which are slightly protrude into the open sub-chambers 2 ″. After the lower strand 12 has been raised, it takes place the further processing as described with reference to FIG. 6.

Also again for very long large chambers 1 or long partial chambers 2, it can be advantageous, especially for stabilizing the lateral edge webs 4, also to press an edge crossbar 7 above, which is through a second cutting wire 11 is cut off, but also on the strand 8, 13 or on the brick blanks 8 'remains and only removed at a later point, especially after drying will. For this, too, a single strand can be pressed as the topmost one, as shown in FIG. 8 be, which may again have the shape of a U in cross section, however rests upside down on strand 13, and so additionally supports the upper corner areas. This can be of particular importance for the production of bricks according to Fig. 3, in which the sub-chambers 2 ″ of the second to (n-1) th rows are open at the top. Otherwise the upper open sub-chambers 2 ″ are formed by appropriate shaping the inside surface of the mouthpiece.

Finally, FIG. 10 shows a third method of production inventive brick according to FIGS. 1-4, wherein the strand 18 vertically through a mouthpiece of the extruder 10 is pressed, which corresponds to the shape of the brick 20 corresponds. The leaked strand 18 is moved horizontally in the direction of the arrow C moving cutting device 19 cut off and through the conveyor system 25 discharged for drying and firing.

L e r s e i t e

Claims (12)

Claim: Extruded hollow brick with, in an odd Number of staggered rows aligned perpendicular to the direction of heat transfer, Large chambers with a rectangular cross-section, delimited by longitudinal and transverse webs, the large chambers having a length of at least 70 mm, preferably about 90 mm, and have a ratio of width to length of at least 1: 7, preferably 1:10, and the difference between the large chamber width and the longitudinal web width between 0 and 4 Imm, preferably 1 mg mm, and with sub-chambers that are essentially the have half the length of a large chamber, characterized in that each outermost Row (5 '), as is known per se, at least at one end with a partial chamber (2') begins. 2. Hollow brick according to claim 1, in which between two basic rows with only large chambers a staggered row of large chambers is arranged, which has a sub-chamber at each of its two ends, characterized in that in the sequence of the rows (5), as is known per se, the staggered rows (5 ") odd numbers fall. 3. Hollow brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the sub-chambers (2 ") at least the third to (n-2) -th row in a manner known per se to the Butt surfaces (3) are open. 4. A method for producing a hollow brick according to claim 3 by horizontal extrusion of clay, producing a strand in which the Longitudinal webs extend vertically, and at least on its underside one over the width of the strand has continuous edge crossbar, whereupon the strand vertically is cut into bricks, which are then dried and fired, characterized in that the strand (8) passes through a cutting wire (11) each edge transverse web (7) cut horizontally, together with the cut off Edge transverse webs (7) cut vertically, preferably dried together and optionally are fired together, the lower edge crossbar (7) or his through the Vertical section produced sections (7 ') as transport documents for the brick blanks (8 ') are used, and finally the sections (7') of the edge transverse webs (7) can be removed. 5. Manufacturing plant for performing the method according to claim 4, with an extrusion press, a conveyor system connected to the extrusion press, a drying plant and a kiln, characterized in that in connection to the mouthpiece (9) of the extruder (10) with one of the thickness of the edge crossbar (7) corresponding distance at least to the lower horizontal boundary surface (b) of the mouthpiece (9) a cutting wire (11) transversely to the direction of strand movement (B) is stretched. 6. A method for producing a hollow brick according to claim 3 by horizontal extrusion of clay, which creates two strands lying on top of each other which are cut vertically together, whereupon the sections are preferably dried together and, if necessary, fired together, characterized in that that as the lower strand (12) a transport pad for the - after the vertical section and the separation from the sections of the transport pad - the brick blanks forming upper strand (13) is generated. 7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the lower Strand (12) immediately after exiting the mouthpiece (14) by the thickness of the Crosspiece (15) of the mouthpiece (14) is raised. 8. The method according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the lower strand (12) forming the transport support is approximately U-shaped in cross-section is formed, and its lateral, vertical webs (16) during transport encompass the lateral edge longitudinal webs (4 ') of the upper strand (13). 9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the lower Strand (12) is formed like a comb in cross section, and its middle, vertical Web (17) during transport into the downwardly open sub-chambers (2 ") of the the upper strand (13) protrude. 10. extrusion press for performing the method according to claim 6, characterized in that the mouthpiece (14) through a, optionally through a Cutting wire formed, horizontal crossbar (15) in on is known to be divided into two parts. 11. Extruder according to claim 10, characterized in that the part (14 ") of the mouthpiece (14) arranged below the transverse web (15) opposite the upper part (14 ') widened and U-shaped in cross section, but preferably is formed approximately like a comb, with the two outermost webs of the comb outside of the vertical boundary surfaces of the upper part (14 ') of the mouthpiece (14). 12. A method for producing a hollow brick according to one of the claims 1 to 3 by extrusion, cutting the strand into bricks, drying and firing the bricks, characterized in that the strand (18), in which the sub-chambers (2 ") of at least the third to (n-2) -th rows (5") to the the abutting surfaces (3) of the side surfaces forming the hollow brick are open, in on known way pressed vertically and by a cutting device (19) in Brick blanks is cut horizontally, which are dried and fired.