EP1752593B1 - Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et bloc de construction ainsi obtenu - Google Patents
Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et bloc de construction ainsi obtenu Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1752593B1 EP1752593B1 EP06015271.7A EP06015271A EP1752593B1 EP 1752593 B1 EP1752593 B1 EP 1752593B1 EP 06015271 A EP06015271 A EP 06015271A EP 1752593 B1 EP1752593 B1 EP 1752593B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- voids
- building block
- brick
- cavities
- molded bodies
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 138
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 sawdust Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 2
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- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 44
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 29
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 11
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Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
- B28B11/04—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers
- B28B11/042—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material
- B28B11/043—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for coating or applying engobing layers with insulating material filling cavities or chambers of hollow blocks
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0226—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues and grooves next to each other on the end surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
- E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
- E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing bricks according to claim 1, as well as a brick according to claim 31.
- the invention relates to a brick, in particular perforated brick with a substantially cubic body having a plurality, at least two, a length and a width, separated by webs cavities, which at least partially serve to receive an insulating material.
- Bricks in particular perforated bricks, are formed of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without added substances other than machine bricks and fired at 800 to 1,000 ° C.
- Such bricks have a cubic body with a width that generally coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall to be made from the bricks. Therefore, such bricks are made in different widths.
- several bricks are arranged with their narrow sides lying against each other in a building wall.
- two such bricks in the above arrangement form a building wall, which has a wall thickness which substantially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks.
- such a brick from the DE 31 00 642 A1 known.
- This is a hollow brick with insulating layers, which are arranged parallel to two opposite outer sides of the hollow brick in spaces of the hollow brick and spaced from each other by at least one of empty voids interspersed area.
- the interspersed by insulation layers areas are also distanced against the parallel to them outer sides of the hollow brick through such penetrated by empty cavities areas.
- foamable insulation so for example polyurethane or polystyrene, which is foamed into the space provided for the hollow brick.
- mineral wool is called as insulating material, without this prior art discloses how mineral wool is to be introduced into the spaces of the hollow brick. According to this prior art, it is also possible to insert prefabricated insulation boards, for example foam boards in the spaces of the hollow brick.
- Another brick is from the DE 35 32 590 A1 known, said brick has a base provided with air chambers. On at least one side of the base body first webs are formed, which extend over only a part of the height of the base body. At these webs a first shell is formed parallel to the main body. On the first shell and / or on the other side of the base second webs are formed, to which a second shell, also formed parallel to the base body, which also extend over only a portion of the height of the body, and that offset to the first Stegen.
- the space between the shells and / or the space between the base body and the shell is filled with insulation material, wherein the insulating material foam, cork, cork, coke, wood wool, glass wool and rock wool are called.
- synthetic fibers are possible in the space between the shells and / or between the body and the shell can be injected, poured or inserted.
- This lattice brick has a circumferential wall, wherein at least two opposite sides of the wall on the respective outer side of the lattice brick have recesses or bulges which engage in a lateral juxtaposition of a plurality of lattice bricks. Furthermore, the lattice brick has internally arranged webs which define vertically extending cavities. In this lattice brick, it is provided that within the circumferential wall at least one of the vertical webs free interior space for receiving insulation material is formed. This interior space is formed substantially larger compared to the cavities.
- insulating material is glass wool, mineral wool, a foamed plastic or an insulating material made of synthetic fibers, in particular made of hollow fibers.
- a plurality of perforated chambers are formed with a smaller hole cross section, wherein at least one perforated chamber is formed as an insulating material receiving perforated chamber with a larger hole cross-section.
- Dämmmaterial a compact Dämmmaterial organisation is provided which corresponds in terms of its outer dimensions, that is with respect to its axial length and its cross-section, precisely to the dimensions of the receiving him Lochhunt.
- this has a protruding into the hole cross-section molding in the form of a projecting strip-shaped nose. This nose is pressed into the insulating material, so that the insulating material is clamped in the hole chamber.
- the bricks described above have various disadvantages.
- the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed for example of perlite, vermiculite or foam glass has the disadvantage that the bed must be sintered or provided with a binder to allow hardening of the bed in the brick. If this bed is introduced only after the production of the cubic body, then it requires a curing time of the bed, before the brick is ready for sale. Optionally, this curing time can be shortened by a supplementary burning process.
- the cavities in the different bricks receive a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulation must be kept in different configurations. This is especially true for such bricks to be filled with preformed insulating bodies.
- the provision of appropriate insulation body is required for each brick length and width.
- the prior art bricks partly have the disadvantage that the introduced insulating body are not arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the insulating body must be attached either with additional adhesive or protrusions in the cavities.
- the use of adhesives sometimes leads to the fact that the required fire resistance class due to the use of organic components can not be met.
- the design of additional projections as clamping elements leads to more complex shapes in the production of the bricks and the problem that these projections in mechanical manufacturing, especially in the machine insertion of Insulation elements can be damaged or destroyed, so that the success is highly doubtful.
- bricks have the disadvantage that despite the additional projections in the insulation receiving cavities of the insulation falls out when the bricks are cut in their longitudinal direction.
- Bricks that are filled with bulk fillers may tend to segregate or cut open so that the bulk filling is not sufficiently fixed and will trickle out. Therefore, special, called cut stones bricks are offered.
- bulk fillings have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.043 W / mK.
- the invention has for its object to further develop a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production of the bricks is possible in different lengths and widths, said bricks having very good insulation properties, in a sufficient variability in terms of their Sound and / or thermal insulation properties can be produced, with a secure anchoring of the insulating material should be given without the fire protection properties change significantly.
- the solution of this problem provides in a method according to the invention, that are used in all cavities molded body of an insulating material, wherein the molded body of a compressible at least in the direction of opposing surfaces of material with a volume greater than the volume of the cavities, preferably with a opposite the cavities greater width and / or length are formed, so that the moldings are frictionally held in the cavities, wherein the moldings formed from bonded mineral binders, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers and formed with a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities become.
- the moldings are formed from binders bound mineral fibers, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers and with a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities.
- the moldings are inserted into the cavities of the bricks shaped body of an insulating material such that the moldings are firmly connected to the body of the brick and even then remain in the cavities when the cavity is open on one side, and the molding only abuts against three surfaces of the cavity.
- An additional attachment of the moldings is not required, although in some cases this additional attachment, for example by a thermally activated adhesive can be useful and advantageous.
- the cavities can be identical in width regardless of the length and width of the bricks, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements of organic or inorganic fibers alternatively organic or inorganic expandable or Foams can be fitted.
- a brick according to the invention that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and frictionally engaged in all cavities, the moldings are frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the moldings from a at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces Compressible material are formed and wherein the moldings have a relation to the cavities larger volume, preferably a greater width compared to the cavities and / or length, that the moldings are formed from bonded with binders mineral fibers, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers.
- the brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials.
- a hydraulically hardening starting material in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances
- a thermosetting raw material in particular made of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
- the production of the bricks can be carried out both continuously in the course of an extrusion process or discontinuously, in which the brick are produced individually in a mold by filling a plurality of molds with the starting material and curing the starting material in the molds.
- the starting material can harden hydraulically or be fed to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired.
- a development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities are formed with different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller.
- the cavities can thus be fitted with moldings of insulating material, the moldings in principle have a matching material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths.
- the molded body of insulating material can therefore be kept in a width corresponding to the length of the longer cavity, wherein for the Bestükkung the shorter cavities halves the insulation material to form the shaped body in width and then inserted into the cavities with the shorter length.
- the cavities are arranged extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, so that the cavities extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the building wall created from the bricks and allow optimal thermal and / or acoustic insulation of a building wall made therefrom.
- the cavities are formed with a length that is greater than the width of the cavities. It is further provided that the cavities are formed with a rectangular cross section, so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings of insulating material, for example, bound with binders mineral fibers, web and / or plate-shaped can be kept, the individual moldings of these Mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards are separated by a cut perpendicular to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards.
- the cavities are used with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially matching moldings of an insulating material.
- the shaped body is designed to be compressible at least in the direction of surfaces arranged opposite one another and is preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the shaped body prior to insertion of the shaped body into the cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is not damaged by the increased friction on the inner wall surfaces of the cavity which may arise during insertion. Therefore, it is possible to use, for example, shaped bodies of mineral fibers with a relatively low bulk density.
- the shaped body is frictionally inserted in the cavity, wherein the shaped body is preferably formed with a relation to the cavity of greater length and / or width.
- the molded body is bonded to at least one inner wall surface of the cavity.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with a high surface roughness.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm.
- the linear projections are preferably formed interrupted
- the cavities are arranged in rows.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, which have a different length. This serves in particular to maintain the stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on reliewandungs vom, but also has webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a series.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
- the cavities thus have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds.
- the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows, so that a between the two cavities arranged web in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset from a web between two cavities of an adjacent row is arranged. This embodiment serves to increase the strength of the brick.
- all cavities are filled with insulation.
- different requirements for the bricks as far as they are installed in the outer wall area or in the inner wall area of a building. While in the outer wall area, primarily the thermal insulation is of great importance, the inner walls in a building should primarily have sound insulating properties, although heat-insulating properties are also sought there.
- High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
- a brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.
- the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings can finish flush with the cubic body of the brick, so that a post-processing of the brick is not required.
- the brick has several cavities arranged in rows On, of course, juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and separated according to the length of the cavities.
- the shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction.
- the mineral fiber web is guided above a production line for such bricks parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state ,
- the shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater width and / or length relative to the dimensions of the cavities.
- the mineral fiber web is cut according to the width of the cavities in different widths strips, plates or rods, from which the moldings are separated.
- the cubic body is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ⁇ 1.70 kg / dm 3 .
- the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced.
- Such a brick has a proportion of holes between 56 and approximately 64%, so that a correspondingly large amount of insulating material can be introduced into the brick. According to the invention it is thus possible to produce the brick with a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.09 W / mK.
- the above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also given in the brick according to the invention.
- the brick according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating material as a molded body is formed and frictionally engaged in the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
- the molded body is firmly inserted into the cavities, so that it does not fall out of the brick even in the rough working conditions prevailing at construction sites and especially in the cavities remains even if the brick is cut, for example, so that the cavity is open on one side, so that the shaped body rests only on three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that a building wall produced from the bricks according to the invention has a high thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
- the cavities have different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the moldings to be used, for example, from insulating panels with a constant material thickness, worked out and then inserted into the cavities. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proved to be advantageous that the cavities have different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller, so that, for example, cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be formed.
- the cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities have a length that is greater than the width of the cavities.
- Such a brick can be produced in a simple manner, if the cavities have a rectangular cross section, so that the shaped bodies are also formed rectangular in cross section.
- This embodiment of the moldings is particularly advantageous in plate-shaped starting material made of insulating material, since the insulating material, which is delivered, for example, web or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely thereto must be divided into strips already on have the width of the cavities matched material thickness, so that the length of the molding of insulating material can be adjusted over the cut to be executed.
- the shaped bodies are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can be compressed in a simple manner in the cavities are used, in which then expand the moldings and are held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities.
- the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities.
- the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer which can be activated by heat, for example, after insertion of the shaped body in the cavities.
- the moldings are formed from binders bound mineral fibers, in particular from stone or glass fibers, as these insulation materials have excellent heat and / or sound insulation, are also compressible depending on their density in a simple manner. Finally, these insulating materials are easy to process, especially to cut.
- the shaped bodies of mineral fibers bound with binders have a fiber course parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities, so that the shaped body is made compressible in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have a high surface roughness.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm and may be interrupted in the case of linear projections, so that they do not hinder the insertion of the moldings in the cavities.
- the production of surface roughness can be additionally or alternatively ensured by the surface structure of a drag core in extruding a clay brick wall blank or by a corresponding shaped formwork form.
- the cavities are arranged in rows according to another feature of the brick according to the invention, wherein according to a development in each row two cavities are arranged, which have a different length.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, with one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
- a development of this embodiment provides that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows.
- all cavities of the brick it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials in order to set the brick according to the invention to different requirements of the building walls inside or outside the building.
- a high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
- the brick according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ⁇ 1.70 kg / dm 3 , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.40 W / mK and a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3.
- the apparent density of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention lies in particular between 13 kg / m 3 and 120 kg / m 3 and has a lambda 10 value of ⁇ 0.034 W / mK.
- An Indian FIG. 1 illustrated brick 1 has a substantially cubic body 2, which has two outer wall surfaces 3 and two perpendicular thereto outer wall surfaces 4, 5.
- the outer wall surfaces 3 are planar while the outer wall surface 4 has a nose-shaped projection 6 and the outer wall surface 5 has a recess 7 corresponding to the nose-shaped projection 6.
- the in FIG. 1 brick shown has essentially a square base.
- the brick 1 3 extending cavities 8 are arranged with a length a and a width b parallel to the outer wall surfaces. Furthermore, the brick 1 cavities 9 with a length c and the width b. The length c corresponds to half the length a.
- the cavities 8 and 9 are arranged in rows 10 and separated by a web 11 with a web width d.
- the rows 10 are separated by webs 12, wherein the webs 12 have a web width e.
- the brick 1 has in the area of the outer wall surfaces 3 outer walls 13 with a thickness f and in the region of the outer wall surfaces 4, 5 outer walls 14 with a thickness g.
- FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of a brick 1 is a schematic diagram and it will be with respect to the FIGS. 2 to 5 the corresponding dimensions a to g indicated.
- the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15 made of binders bound mineral fibers, wherein the mineral fibers have a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities 8, 9.
- the moldings 15 are formed compressible and are used in the compressed state in the cavities 8, 9.
- the shaped bodies 15 In the relaxed state, the shaped bodies 15 have a greater material thickness compared to the width d of the cavities 8, 9, so that the shaped bodies 15 are frictionally held in the cavities 8, 9.
- the shaped bodies 15 correspond in terms of their outer contour to the cross-sectionally rectangular cavities 8, 9 of the brick 1.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 only a portion of the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15, it is understood that in a brick 1 all cavities 8, 9 or even a portion of the cavities 8, 9 may be filled with moldings 15, which of course also different moldings 15, that is, for example, such shaped body 15 are used with a high sound insulation performance and such moldings 15 with a high thermal insulation performance.
- the in the FIGS. 1 to 5 shown cavities 8, 9 have consistently widths b of 40 mm.
- the cavities 8 have a length a of preferably 150 mm, while the cavities 9 have a length c of preferably 75 mm.
- the webs 11 have a web width d of 7.334 mm.
- the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is 7.33 mm in the area of the two in FIG. 2 projections 6 and 8 mm shown in the region of the outer wall 14 on both sides of the projections 6.
- the thickness f of the outer walls 13 is 16.666 mm and thus corresponds to the web width e match.
- FIG. 3 another embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is provided for the production of a building wall with a building wall thickness of 38 cm and thus has a width B of 38 cm.
- the embodiment differs according to FIG. 3 in that instead of five rows 10 with cavities 8, 9 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 now six rows 10 are provided with cavities 8, 9 and moldings 15 inserted therein.
- This also results from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 Deviating dimension of the web widths e of the webs 12, which has a web width e of 20 mm in the embodiment of Figure 3.
- the thickness f of the outer wall 13 of the brick 1 is different from FIG. 2 now 20 mm.
- the further dimensions a to d and g are consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 3 a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 56.9%, while the proportion of cavities 8, 9 in the brick according to FIG. 2 60 1 % is. In the same order of magnitude is therefore also the proportion of moldings 15, which are used as insulating material in the cavities 8, 9.
- FIG. 4 a further embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is characterized by the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 distinguishes that the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a width B of 40 cm and is therefore intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 40 cm.
- the dimensions of the brick 1 are in accordance with FIG. 4 with the dimensions of the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 match.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 a web width e of 15 mm and a thickness f of also 15 mm.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 in deviation from the brick according to FIG. 3 three projections 6 and consequently also three recesses 7 on the opposite outer wall surface 4 has.
- the moldings 15 are inserted into the cavities 8, 9, which cavities 8, 9 are provided in seven parallel rows 10.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a share of cavities 8, 9 of 63.1%.
- FIG. 5 another brick 1 with eight rows 10 of parallel cavities 8, 9, wherein the brick 1 has two projections 6 in the region of an outer wall surface 4 and two recesses 7 in the region of the opposite outer wall surface 5.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 has a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 58.9% and is formed with a width B of 49 cm, so that it is intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 49 cm.
- the brick 1 Compared to the above-described bricks 1 also has the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 matching dimensions for the lengths a and c and the width b of the cavities 8, 9 on. Furthermore, the thickness g of the outer wall is also 14 formed in accordance with the previously described embodiments of the brick 1. Deviating from this is only the web width e with a measure of 18.888 mm. This measure is also provided for the thickness f of the outer wall 13.
- bricks 1 can be produced in an advantageous manner by a method in which the bricks 1 in a first step of a starting material, such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles, For example, polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a die and then dried and fired.
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles
- polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a
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Claims (53)
- Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction, notamment de briques perforées, avec un corps essentiellement cubique qui présente au moins deux cavités (8, 9) servant à recevoir, au moins en partie, un isolant et présentant une longueur (a, c) et une largeur (b) et étant séparées l'une de l'autre par des âmes (11, 12), ledit corps essentiellement cubique étant fabriqué d'un produit de départ sous formation des cavités (8, 9), et des corps moulés (15) en isolant étant installés dans tous les cavités (8, 9),
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont réalisés d'un matériau compressible au moins en sens de surfaces opposées et présentant un volume supérieur au volume des cavités et de préférence présentant une largeur et/ou longueur supérieure à celle des cavités (8, 9) de sorte que les corps moulés (15) sont tenus par friction dans les cavités (8, 9), lesdits corps moulés (15) étant réalisés à partir de fibres minérales liées avec des liants, en particulier à partir de fibres de roche, de verre ou de scorie, et avec un cours de fibres parallèle à l'axe longitudinal des cavités (8, 9). - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que le bloc de construction (1) est fabriqué à partir de produits de départ inorganiques. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les blocs de construction (1) sont extrudés ou confectionnés individuellement dans un moule. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les blocs de construction (1) sont fabriqués à partir d'un matériau durcissant de manière hydraulique, notamment à partir de ciment, de chaux, de gravier, de gravillon, de sable, d'additifs légers naturels et/ou expansés, avec ou sans l'addition d'autres matériaux tels que le farine de briques, la cendre ou des matériaux similaires, ou à partir d'un produit de départ thermodurcissable, notamment à partir d'argile, de glaise ou de masses argileuses, avec ou sans l'addition d'autres matériaux tels que les matières amaigrissantes et/ou les matières d'autopyrogénation, par exemple la sciure, la pâte à papier ou d'autres choses semblables. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que la forme de coupe transversale des corps moulés (15) est réalisée de manière à correspondre essentiellement à la coupe transversale des cavités (8, 9). - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec des longueurs (a, c) différentes, les longueurs (a) étant un multiple entier des longueurs (c). - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont arrangées de sorte qu'ils s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du corps (2). - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec une longueur supérieure à la largeur des cavités (8, 9). - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec une coupe transversale rectangulaire. - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 9,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont mis dans les cavités (8, 9) de manière comprimée. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) en outre sont collés sur au moins une surface de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9). - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 9,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont réalisés en forme de panneau, de bâton ou de bande. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de paroi intérieures des cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec une haute rugosité de la surface. - Procédé selon la revendication 13,
caractérisé en ce que la rugosité de la surface des surfaces de paroi intérieures des cavités (8, 9) est réalisée par des noyaux de remorquage présentant une surface rendant rugueux correspondante. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de paroi intérieures des cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec des projectures en forme de point et/ou de ligne qui présentent une hauteur maximale de 1 mm. - Procédé selon la revendication 15,
caractérisé en ce que les projectures en forme de ligne sont réalisées de manière discontinue. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées en lignes. - Procédé selon la revendication 17,
caractérisé par deux cavités (8, 9) de longueurs (a, c) différentes étant arrangées dans chaque ligne (10). - Procédé selon la revendication 18,
caractérisé par deux cavités (8, 9) étant arrangées dans chaque ligne (10), l'une (8) des cavités présentant une longueur qui est deux fois plus grande que la longueur de la deuxième (9) des cavités. - Procédé selon la revendication 17 ou 18,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) de longueurs différentes sont arrangées de manière alternante en lignes (10) adjacentes. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que tous les cavités (8, 9) sont remplies d'un isolant. - Procédé selon la revendication 17,
caractérisé en ce que tous les cavités (8, 9) d'une ligne (10) sont remplies d'un matériau, en particulier d'un matériau granulaire, avec une masse volumique apparente de ≥ 1.500 kg/m3, en particulier de ≥ 2.000 kg/m3. - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 9,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés d'un isolant en forme de bande presque infinie. - Procédé selon la revendication 23,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés de l'isolant en forme de bande presque infinie après la mise dans les cavités (8, 9). - Procédé selon la revendication 23,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés de l'isolant en forme de bande presque infinie avant la mise dans les cavités. - Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 9,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont séparés d'un élément de fibres minérales en forme de bandes, panneaux ou bâtons, en particulier en sens longitudinal de celui-ci. - Procédé selon la revendication 26,
caractérisé en ce que le lé de fibres minérales est séparé en forme de bandes, de panneaux ou de bâtons de largeur différente, selon la largeur (b) des cavités (8, 9), et le corps moulés (15) sont séparés desdits bandes, panneaux ou bâtons. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que le corps (2) est fabriqué à partir d'un matériau de pierre de manteau ou d'une pâte tuilière avec une masse volumique apparente de ≤ 1,70 kg/dm3. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que le bloc de construction (1) est fabriqué à partir des matériaux avec une conductibilité thermique de ≤ 0,09 W/mK. - Procédé selon la revendication 1,
caractérisé en ce que le bloc de construction (1) est fabriqué avec un rapport âme/cavité en sens de l'épaisseur de paroi de 1 : 2,2 à 2,5 et/ou en sens longitudinal de paroi de 1 : 2,0 à 2,3. - Bloc de construction, notamment brique perforée, avec un corps essentiellement cubique qui présente au moins deux cavités (8, 9) servant à recevoir, au moins en partie, un isolant et présentant une longueur (a, c) et une largeur (b) et séparées l'une de l'autre par des âmes (11, 12), ledit isolant étant réalisé en forme de corps moulés (15) qui peuvent être mise dans tous les cavités (8, 9),
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont mis dans les cavités (8, 9) par friction, les corps moulés (15) étant réalisés d'un matériau compressible au moins en sens de surfaces opposées et les corps moulés (15) présentant un volume supérieur au volume des cavités (8, 9) et de préférence présentant une largeur et/ou longueur supérieure à celle des cavités (8, 9), que lesdits corps moulés (15) sont réalisés à partir de fibres minérales liées avec des liants, en particulier à partir de fibres de roche, de verre ou de scorie, et avec un cours de fibres parallèle à l'axe longitudinal des cavités (8, 9). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) présentent des longueurs (a, c) différentes et présentent une largeur (b) identique et de préférence un volume défini. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) présentent des longueurs différentes (a, c), la longueur (a) étant un multiple entier de la longueur (c). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont arrangées de sorte qu'ils s'étendent parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal du corps (2). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) présentent une longueur (a, c) supérieure à la largeur (b) des cavités (8, 9). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont réalisés avec une coupe transversale rectangulaire. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que des corps moulés (15) à partir d'un isolant dont la forme essentiellement corresponde à la forme de la coupe transversale des cavités (8, 9) sont mis dans les cavités (8, 9). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) en outre sont collés sur au moins une surface de paroi intérieure des cavités (8, 9). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les corps moulés (15) sont réalisés en forme de panneau, de bâton ou de bande. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de paroi intérieures des cavités (8, 9) sont réalisées avec une haute rugosité de la surface. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les surfaces de paroi intérieures des cavités (8, 9) présentent des projectures en forme de point et/ou de ligne avec une hauteur maximale de 1 mm. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) sont disposées en lignes (10). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 42,
caractérisé par deux cavités (8, 9) de longueurs (a, c) différentes étant arrangées dans chaque ligne (10). - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 42,
caractérisé par deux cavités (8, 9) étant arrangées dans chaque ligne (10), l'une (8) des cavités présentant une longueur (a) qui est deux fois plus grande que la longueur (c) de la deuxième (9) des cavités. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 42 ou 43,
caractérisé en ce que les cavités (8, 9) de longueurs différentes sont arrangées de manière alternante en lignes (10) adjacentes. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 42,
caractérisé en ce que tous les cavités (8, 9) d'une ligne (10) sont remplies d'un matériau, en particulier d'un matériau granulaire, avec une masse volumique apparente de ≥ 1.500 kg/m3, en particulier de ≥ 2.000 kg/m3. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que le corps (2) consiste en une matière de pierre de manteau ou en une pâte tuilière avec une masse volumique apparente de ≤ 1,70 kg/dm3. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé par une conductibilité thermique de ≤ 0,09 W/mK. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé par un rapport âme/cavité en sens de l'épaisseur de paroi de 1 : 2,2 à 2,5 et/ou en sens longitudinal de paroi de 1 : 2,0 à 2,3. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé en ce que le produit de départ du bloc de construction présente une conductibilité thermique de ≤ 0,35 W/mK. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé par des produits de départ inorganiques. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé par un produit de départ durcissant de manière hydraulique, notamment le ciment, la chaux, le gravier, le gravillon, le sable, les additifs légers naturels et/ou expansés, avec ou sans l'addition d'autres matières telles que le farine de briques, la cendre ou des matériaux similaires. - Bloc de construction selon la revendication 31,
caractérisé par un produit de départ thermodurcissable, notamment l'argile, la glaise ou des masses argileuses, avec ou sans l'addition d'autres matières telles que les matières amaigrissantes et/ou les matières d'autopyrogénation, par exemple le polystyrène, la sciure, la pâte à papier ou d'autres choses semblables.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PL06015271T PL1752593T3 (pl) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Sposób wytwarzania elementów budowlanych i element budowlany, wykonany w ten sposób |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005034808 | 2005-07-21 | ||
DE102006002826A DE102006002826B4 (de) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-01-19 | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mauersteinen sowie mit dem Verfahren hergestellter Mauerstein |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1752593A2 EP1752593A2 (fr) | 2007-02-14 |
EP1752593A3 EP1752593A3 (fr) | 2010-02-17 |
EP1752593B1 true EP1752593B1 (fr) | 2016-03-02 |
Family
ID=37387334
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06015271.7A Active EP1752593B1 (fr) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Procédé de fabrication de blocs de construction et bloc de construction ainsi obtenu |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1752593B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102006002826B4 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2572627T3 (fr) |
HU (1) | HUE028774T2 (fr) |
PL (1) | PL1752593T3 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1988228B1 (fr) * | 2007-05-03 | 2020-04-15 | Evonik Operations GmbH | Blocs et systèmes de construction avec isolation thermique hydrophobe et microporeuse et méthode de fabrication |
DE102007031906A1 (de) | 2007-07-09 | 2009-01-15 | Grenzebach Maschinenbau Gmbh | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum industriellen Befüllen von unterschiedlich strukturierten Hohlräumen in Bausteinen |
DE102007061451A1 (de) | 2007-12-20 | 2009-07-02 | Wienerberger Ziegelindustrie Gmbh | Hochlochziegel |
EP2180111A1 (fr) | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-28 | Rockwool International A/S | Brique de construction à isolation thermique |
EP2180110A1 (fr) | 2008-10-21 | 2010-04-28 | Rockwool International A/S | Brique de construction à isolation thermique |
DE202008014415U1 (de) | 2008-10-30 | 2009-01-22 | Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Wärmedämmziegel |
FR2990709B1 (fr) * | 2012-05-16 | 2015-05-08 | Rgo | Brique de construction garnie d'une matiere poreuse silico-calcaire |
FR3027615B1 (fr) * | 2014-10-22 | 2022-01-21 | Bouyer Leroux | Bloc de construction pour la realisation d'une structure maconnee |
EA028813B1 (ru) * | 2015-12-02 | 2018-01-31 | Александр Владимирович Ромашкин | Строительный блок из древесно-полимерного композиционного материала |
EP3625021A2 (fr) * | 2017-03-25 | 2020-03-25 | Baniecka, Iwona | Procédé de fabrication d'un élément de construction pour isolation thermique, procédé de remplissage de cavité avec un matériau isolant dans un élément de construction et élément de construction pour isolation thermique |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT367680B (de) * | 1979-05-07 | 1982-07-26 | Quehenberger Andreas | Vorrichtung zum einsetzen von daemmplatten in entsprechende hohlraeume von bauelementen |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2192226A1 (en) * | 1972-07-11 | 1974-02-08 | Debrock Marcel | Hollow building blocks with insulated cavities - lined with IR reflecting lining and foam filled |
DE2719860A1 (de) * | 1977-05-04 | 1978-11-09 | Johann Dr Vielberth | Mauerstein, insbesondere ziegel |
ATA23180A (de) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-07-15 | Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag | Hohlbaustein |
IT1246249B (it) * | 1990-06-25 | 1994-11-17 | Piero Cretti | Elemento modulare di materiale sintetico espanso prerivestito con strato di malta unibile dopo la posa con lo strato di rivestimento degli elementi adiacenti,procedimento per formare detto rivestimento emetodo di erezione |
GB9108592D0 (en) * | 1991-04-22 | 1991-06-05 | Hepworth Building Prod | Building block |
DE10034342A1 (de) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-05-03 | Xaver Winklmann Ziegelwerk Roe | Ziegel |
DE10058463A1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-29 | Stefan Geyer | Ziegel |
DE10154984A1 (de) * | 2000-11-24 | 2003-07-10 | Stefan Geyer | Ziegel |
DE20205388U1 (de) * | 2002-04-04 | 2002-08-08 | Ullermann, Klaus, 91126 Schwabach | Wärmedämmender Modulbaustein und sowie ein Mauerwerk aus diesem Modulbaustein |
DE10217548A1 (de) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-13 | Stefan Geyer | Vorrichtung und Maschine zum Einbringen von Mineralwolle in die Hohlräume stranggepresster Lochziegel |
DE20208886U1 (de) * | 2002-06-10 | 2002-09-12 | Nikol Schaller Ziegelwerk GmbH & Co KG, 95145 Oberkotzau | Ziegel |
DE10229856B4 (de) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-06-09 | Kramer, Paul, Dipl.-Ing. | Hochlochwärmedämmstein |
-
2006
- 2006-01-19 DE DE102006002826A patent/DE102006002826B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-21 EP EP06015271.7A patent/EP1752593B1/fr active Active
- 2006-07-21 PL PL06015271T patent/PL1752593T3/pl unknown
- 2006-07-21 ES ES06015271.7T patent/ES2572627T3/es active Active
- 2006-07-21 HU HUE06015271A patent/HUE028774T2/en unknown
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
AT367680B (de) * | 1979-05-07 | 1982-07-26 | Quehenberger Andreas | Vorrichtung zum einsetzen von daemmplatten in entsprechende hohlraeume von bauelementen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1752593A3 (fr) | 2010-02-17 |
PL1752593T3 (pl) | 2016-08-31 |
DE102006002826B4 (de) | 2008-07-10 |
ES2572627T3 (es) | 2016-06-01 |
HUE028774T2 (en) | 2017-01-30 |
EP1752593A2 (fr) | 2007-02-14 |
DE102006002826A1 (de) | 2007-03-22 |
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