EP0748905B1 - Elément de construction - Google Patents

Elément de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0748905B1
EP0748905B1 EP95200951A EP95200951A EP0748905B1 EP 0748905 B1 EP0748905 B1 EP 0748905B1 EP 95200951 A EP95200951 A EP 95200951A EP 95200951 A EP95200951 A EP 95200951A EP 0748905 B1 EP0748905 B1 EP 0748905B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
building element
joining
parts
component parts
recesses
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP95200951A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0748905A1 (fr
Inventor
Cornelis Gijsbert Roeleveld
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dotin Bv
Original Assignee
Dotin Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dotin Bv filed Critical Dotin Bv
Priority to DE59500348T priority Critical patent/DE59500348D1/de
Priority to AT95200951T priority patent/ATE154963T1/de
Priority to EP95200951A priority patent/EP0748905B1/fr
Publication of EP0748905A1 publication Critical patent/EP0748905A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0748905B1 publication Critical patent/EP0748905B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8623—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic
    • E04B2/8629—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with spacers and at least one form leaf being monolithic with both form leaves and spacers being monolithic
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2/8635—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms with ties attached to the inner faces of the forms
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/86—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ made in permanent forms
    • E04B2002/867—Corner details

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a component, in particular for walls, pillars or ceilings, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • EP-A-0,118,374 relates to lost formwork created in situ.
  • the lost formwork consists of a frame and heat-insulating panels.
  • the frame is made up of horizontal conductors and vertical conductors in between.
  • the frame supports and supports the panels.
  • the frame and the panels are put together on the construction site to form a lost formwork.
  • Building walls are usually made of brick or hollow blocks made of lightweight concrete or raised from in-situ concrete solidified between reusable formwork. Thermal and / or sound insulation must be carried out separately.
  • DE-A-41 23 762 proposes a lost formwork made of excess material, such as gypsum or waste paper, for concrete construction, the formwork becoming the surface of the component to be created.
  • Compact composite materials are known for non-load-bearing parts, one component consisting of organic material, such as grass (DE-A-39 21 337).
  • particles made exclusively from shredded recycling material are used, water glass being used as the sole binder.
  • Large-area components are known from DE-A-24 26 593, the core of which, preferably made of reinforced concrete, is enclosed on its two narrow vertical surfaces and on its two large vertical surfaces by a jacket made of a resin-bonded material.
  • inner spacers made of filigree steel beams or a concrete-plastic mixture are introduced, which are then glued at their contact points.
  • adhesive surfaces the inside of the outer plates and the ends of the spacers parallel to the outer plates.
  • the side parts also consist of a concrete-plastic mixture.
  • the spacers made of wood or steel in DE-U-76 19 804 are also on the inside of the chipboard and are screwed or glued to them at their contact points.
  • a major disadvantage is that such bricks or wall-building materials do not have the desired dimensional accuracy for two reasons: by shrinking and deforming the not yet set filling compound and the short manufacturing cycle, and by using expensive complicated shapes that wear out over time dimensionally accurate, more or less deformed building materials, which must be subjected to labor-intensive post-processing at the installation site at the latest if they are to be used in dry construction, ie without mortar.
  • stones or wall materials can only be brought to the desired dimensional tolerances by milling or cutting the blanks up to 6 sides. In addition to a high reject rate, this also creates larger amounts of waste that must be disposed of. Milling the formwork blocks also has major disadvantages to achieve the desired rectangularity.
  • metal parts that are introduced into the formwork body from the outside inwards usually run through the material layer in which the dew point is later located.
  • the dew point is very close to the weather-facing side. Since nails and screws, made of metal, are very good heat conductors, condensation can be expected on their surface.
  • the filling compound is usually concrete and, as is known, due to its density, it cannot absorb moisture or transport it by capillary action, the webs are the only way to transport room moisture to the outer skin, from which it is then vented.
  • the use of adhesive in the manner described on the end faces of the webs thus has the effect that the moisture accumulating in a building, which is caused by showering, washing clothes, boiling, evaporation of the human and / or animal body, is not sufficient to the extent External walls added and can not move to the outside of the house and thus remains in the building.
  • the resulting health disadvantages such as mold and / or mold stains on the outer wall north side or on the non-sheltered house corners, can be read in the press at almost regular intervals. This can be remedied by adequate ventilation, but this solution leads to heat loss.
  • the fresh air entering through the webs of the formwork body (on the windward side - pressure) and the escaping used indoor air (on the windward side - suction) is also used of adhesive on the contact points of the formwork webs, greatly reduced. Even if the proportion of fresh air supplied through the wall is small, it is essential for windows and doors that close more and more tightly.
  • the filling compound must generally be reinforced. So that the inserted reinforcement can also optimally fulfill its function over a long period of time, it is necessary that the reinforcement is coated on all sides with the required minimum thickness of concrete in order not to corrode. This means that precautions must be taken to guarantee that the reinforcing steel is in precisely defined positions according to the structural requirements.
  • a formwork body constructed accordingly can lead to time and cost savings.
  • the present invention aims to eliminate the disadvantages described above and, in particular, to provide a component which can be designed in a variable manner and which not only has the same physical advantages, in particular breathing, of the components produced from a casting, but also improves them and is therefore technically simple and to provide inexpensive processes for its production. Nevertheless, the component should be extremely dimensionally stable in the finished state, in particular not shrink so that no post-processing is required, be dimensionally stable, shatterproof, more vapor-diffusible, more breathable and more homogeneous than previous components made of comparable materials.
  • the processing of the components created according to the invention should also be quicker, easier and more appropriate for the layperson.
  • a component that breathes very well is realized if the component is provided on opposite joint sides with a joint part which is fastened to the individual parts and is preferably essentially flat, the joint parts holding the individual parts together in a firm bond.
  • the joint parts which can generally have a thickness of 5 to 15 mm, for example 5, 10 or 15 mm, bring about a firm bond between the individual parts, so that a strong mutual direct connection of the individual parts can be dispensed with.
  • a simple hardenable filler can be attached to the mutual contact points of the individual parts so that breathing is not impeded.
  • the joint parts and / or individual parts comprise reinforcement.
  • Such reinforcement can include wire-like reinforcement elements extending in the transverse and / or longitudinal direction of the component, such as metal wires, but reinforcements made of glass fibers and / or organic fiber materials can also be used very well.
  • the joint parts which are provided with recesses and projections that fit into one another, ensure that the components are stacked exactly and prevent the stacked components from moving.
  • a shifting of the stacked components is further prevented if the other joint sides have tongue and groove.
  • the breathing of the components can still be improved if the joint parts themselves are breathing. In this case, breathing can take place via the joint parts, so that the intermediate webs between the outer plates of the component can be dispensed with.
  • the components according to the invention can be used very advantageously as lost formwork.
  • the exterior and / or interior dimensions which can be designed variably, for example, chamber-shaped components for building walls and ceilings, consist of assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units, which in turn consist of a larger unit created in 1 manufacturing process, e.g. Plate, stem. Even if the starting material for plate production consists of 1 inorganic and 1 organic component, e.g. Lightweight concrete and wood shavings exist, the individual parts with comparable properties lead to the desired finished component, the advantageous properties which are used with the panel production being transferred via the individual parts to the structured component of the desired size and dimension.
  • 1 manufacturing process e.g. Plate
  • the individual parts of the component according to the invention are preferably made from a starting mixture of 2 or more components.
  • the following cumulative advantages result in particular: Different components of the starting material of the individual parts can be varied to a greater extent; e.g. biomaterial with longer dimensions can be used.
  • the plate production leads to more homogeneous preliminary products, which not least has an advantageous effect on the strength properties up to the finished product. Plate production can take place at the most cost-effective locations, as can further processing after a material-specific storage period for the raw plates. For mass production, part-specific recesses and shapes can already be taken into account in large-scale plate production.
  • the components can be made more variable, not only in terms of dimensions, but also the individual parts, which depend on the static requirements also come from various raw panels with different chemical / physical and / or strength properties, thickness dimensions or layers.
  • the individual parts are extremely true to size, so that no labor-intensive post-processing is required and thus no waste is generated which would in turn have to be disposed of. Because no expensive molds are required, the manufacturing process can be carried out in stages and can be matched to the final dimensions of the finished component at any time, manufacturing is more cost-effective.
  • the most varied of requirements can surprisingly be met together.
  • the individual parts are brought into contact with one another in a form-fitting and / or non-positive manner at their contact points, by means of which dimensional tolerances due to the product can also be compensated for and greater resistance to breakage achieved.
  • the upper, rougher and less dimensionally accurate side of the plate forms the inner surface and thus the contact point of the individual part on the finished component, while the smooth and dimensionally accurate side of the plate is the visible surface of the individual part and thus also in the finished component.
  • the adhesive connection for the conventional materials essentially consists of cement or resin or plastic, in which substances that improve tensile forces, such as glass fibers or metal threads, can also be embedded.
  • a moisture-transportable mass e.g. a sawdust-wood chips-cement mixture
  • a prefabricated joining part which looks similar to an engine cylinder head gasket, is applied to the upper and to the lower contact surface of the already connected intermediate webs and side parts.
  • One joining part is provided with elevations, preferably round knobs, and the other joining part preferably has round holes.
  • the joining part with the holes arranged in a grid should preferably be applied at the top and the joining part with the knobs arranged in a grid should accordingly be applied to the lower surface will.
  • the lower knobs of the component of the second layer then snap into the holes of the component of the first layer and thus bring about the desired exact positioning, anchoring and stiffening.
  • the material of the joining parts is preferably made of plastic.
  • connection between the prefabricated component and the molded joining part should preferably be made by gluing - screwing or nailing is also possible, since the screws or nails do not penetrate the visible surface.
  • the finished component preferably has a tongue and groove on its end faces, via which it comes into engagement with adjacent components.
  • the simplest type of tongue and groove is created when the individual parts are positioned by briefly moving the end intermediate webs in one direction.
  • An improved heat and / or sound insulation is preferably achieved by a support or a slide-in made of appropriate common materials.
  • the plate production itself is described in detail in the European patent application 93.202891 by the applicant.
  • the individual parts are expediently separated from the plate in the desired dimensions after a material-specific storage time and then joined and connected to form the finished component.
  • the components according to the invention are superior to the components made of comparable materials in the casting molds with regard to dimensional stability, stability, break resistance, resilience and variability as well as in terms of cost. Without time-consuming conversion of the manufacturing and processing method the advantageous properties for components can be used in any dimensions.
  • the individual parts 5 (FIG. 1), 12, 15 (FIG. 2), 12 are made from the large-area plates 1 (FIG. 1), 10 (FIG. 2) produced as described in European patent application 93.202891 by the applicant '(Fig. 7 ac), 37 (Fig. 8b), 44-46 (Fig. 13), which then have the corresponding technical properties of the solidified raw sheet material.
  • the desired material properties of the individual parts are usually set through the selection of the casting materials.
  • a rectangular component of 2 identical outer / inner panels 5 and 2 identical, shorter-dimensioned webs 12 is formed in this designation, without the following distinction being always made in the following for components which are intended for external walls that the panel , which faces the outside of the outer wall, is to be the outer plate and the plate facing the inside (room side) of the component inner plate if the two plates which surround the webs have the same thickness and the same material properties.
  • the invention allows all individual parts, whether as an outer plate, inner plate or inner web or end inner web, to be matched to the respective requirements with regard to material properties and strength. Only in the event that one side is specially reinforced on the outside / weather side and consists of 2 or more layers this will be emphasized. For better differentiation, components 50-57; 62; 66 circumscribed with common short names.
  • units 5 are released at the marked separation points 4 (FIG. 1b), preferably after a material-specific storage time, when the raw plate is dimensionally stable and no longer shrinks.
  • the form-smooth underside 3 of the raw panel 1 or the individual part / the outer / inner panel 5 becomes a visible surface on the component 9 (FIG.
  • FIG. 2 shows an analogous procedure for the production of the individual part 12 (FIG. 2c), which inner webs are to form on the component (FIG. 6).
  • the special design in the example in the form of cutouts 11, can already be taken into account in the casting mold, which leads to a raw plate 10 with corresponding cutouts 11 (FIG. 2a), the separation points 4 being chosen (FIG. 2a) that Individual parts 12 or 15 in the desired dimensions (Fig. 2c or 2d) can be removed, preferably also when the raw plate is dimensionally stable and no longer shrinks. If, on the other hand, the individual parts are to have elevations and / or certain shapes, this can be accomplished by means of manufacturing molds which have corresponding depressions or shapes.
  • the material used can differ from the material used for the outer or inner plates 5, in particular from a static point of view; the raw plate 10 can e.g. have a higher organic content than the raw plate 1 for the individual parts 5, or the raw plate 10 can have more main components in the starting material than the raw plate 1 and vice versa.
  • FIG. 3 shows a female standard joint part 18 (FIG. 3a) for the upper bed joint on the component (FIG. 6) and a male standard joint part 19 (FIG. 3a) for the lower bed joint, analogous to a definition from the electrical field on the component (Fig. 6), each in a perspective top view and in two side views.
  • the standard joint part 18 is preferably connected by gluing the lower side 22 to the long side surfaces 6 of the outer plates 5 and to the side surfaces 13 of the inner webs 12, and the standard joint part 19 is preferably connected to the long side surfaces 7 by gluing its lower side 24 Outer plates 5 and connected to the side surfaces 14 of the inner webs 12.
  • the female joint part 18 has, preferably arranged in a grid Round holes / recesses 20, 200 into which the knobs 21 present in the male joint part 19 fit when the components are placed on one another.
  • the recesses 20 are arranged in such a way that, by receiving projections 19, components can be stacked to form a flat wall in jumping connections (see, for example, FIG. 5c) and in a non-jumping connection.
  • the recesses 200 enable projections 19 to be received when components are stacked in a crossed manner (see, for example, FIG. 7d).
  • Fig.3c-3e shows more resilient joint parts.
  • the reinforcement 26 installed in / on the joint parts (FIGS. 3c-3e); 27; 29; is used to provide greater resistance to the filling pressure when filling the interior of the components in order to prevent the outer walls from breaking out and to achieve higher filling heights. Under some circumstances, the reinforcement can only run over the outer plates 5 and / or over the inner webs 12 (or some inner webs 12). All joint parts can be connected to their respective contact surfaces as a variant and / or in combination with nails and / or with screws.
  • FIG. 6 Another variant is the direct creation of the joint parts when assembling the component (Fig. 6).
  • the individual parts are brought into the predetermined positions, enclosed in a mold and the parts to be joined are melted in an injection molding process using plastic granulate and heat, or their final appearance is deformed when using prefabricated forms.
  • This procedure also allows the use of recycled plastics from waste management. Materials that improve tensile forces, such as, for example, can already be melted during the melting of the parts to be joined onto the intermediate webs and side parts. Metal wires and / or glass fibers and / or organic fibers are introduced.
  • the elevations 21 on the joint part 19 and the depressions 20 on the joint part 18 are also possible by deforming or melting the joint parts.
  • Fig. 4 shows all the individual parts that are required to manufacture a standard component. Here, more than 1 part of inner web 12 is required.
  • FIG. 6 shows the component (FIG. 6) in a two-stage exploded view
  • the individual parts 5 in the first stage and 12 lead to the intermediate component 30, and in the second stage the intermediate component and the joint parts 18 and 19 lead to the finished component 31.
  • the individual parts 5; 12 brought into contact at their connection points 33 and held together in a dimensionally stable manner, for example by gluing with a breathing adhesive, in a suitable cement or resin or plastic. But even holding the individual parts together by pressing the individual parts together, possibly in combination with an adhesive at the connection points 33, gives adequate dimensional stability.
  • the components 31 in turn can be assembled so that they engage in the manner of tongue and groove.
  • the joint part 18 with its lower side 22 is then glued onto the component 30 on the upper stacking surface and the joint part 19 with its upper side 24 onto the lower stacking surface of the component 30.
  • Other types of connections have already been discussed. If a component with a high vapor diffusion capacity is desired, all individual parts of the component 31 must be positioned, fixed and then in one step, by gluing the joint part 18; 19 to connect. Then the cavities between the inner webs 12 and the inner sides 8 of the outer plates 5 are to be filled.
  • 5c shows a plurality of box-shaped components 31 in the composite as a patch wall 32, which with e.g. Fill in concrete.
  • FIG. 6a-c show the component 31 (from FIG. 5c) in a side view (FIG. 6b and 6c) and a top view (FIG. 6a), with an additional material, for example insulating material 67 for sound and / or thermal insulation.
  • additional material for example insulating material 67 for sound and / or thermal insulation.
  • the end inner webs 12 ' can also be provided with a tongue 35 and a groove 36, so that if required, positive engagement can be supplemented by positive engagement.
  • FIG. 7 a shows such an end inner web 12 ′ in plan view
  • FIGS. 7 b and 7 c show the end inner web 12 ′ in side views.
  • tongue and groove connections are not only to be used at the respective ends of the component. So it goes without saying that inner webs 12 can also have tongue and groove at their connecting points 33, which is then also taken into account in the production process by means of appropriate casting molds.
  • the component according to FIG. 8b can also be manufactured such that, for example, 1 end inner web 12 with recesses 11 on one side and 1 end inner web 37 without recesses on the other side are installed.
  • a tongue and groove formation on the end faces which increases stability in the wall structure 32, can also be achieved by slightly shifting the end inner webs in the same direction before attaching the joint parts, so that one end inner web jumps out of the component and the other end inner web jumps into the component .
  • FIG. 7d shows four components with joint parts 18, 19 in two layers in order to clarify the ability to build walls with right-angled interlocking walls.
  • the lower layer consists of 3 components indicated by the overhead joint parts 18 and the upper layer of 1 components indicated by the overhead joint part 18 '.
  • the knobs 21 of the upper layer engage in the holes 20 of the lower layer.
  • FIG. 8a-d essentially show modifications of the chamber-shaped, rectangular element of FIG. 6.
  • the inner webs 12 are preferably bordered on both sides by reinforced, two-layer outer panels 5. Further differences consist in the fact that, in the case of a so-called opening edge element 51 (FIG. 8b), in contrast to the standard element with a multilayer-reinforced outer plate, the end inner web 37 has no opening 11 and is therefore flush with the outer plates.
  • the opening edge element 52 (FIG. 8c) has an integrated belt roll winder box 38. This is also an example of the fact that one component can be integrated on another component.
  • the wall element 53 (FIG. 8d) has only two outer plates 5 and an upper and lower joint part 18; 19, so that it is particularly suitable for the full core spout.
  • 9a-d show further components 54, 55, 56, 57 which are suitable for typing; These include, for example, pillar elements, square 54, round 55, oriel wall elements 56 with, for example, multi-layer outer and edge panels, corner wall elements 57.
  • these components are made up of assembled, no longer shrinking and dimensionally stable individual parts as sub-units, which in turn consist of a single or different raw panels come with the same or different properties, the latter being created in 1 manufacturing process.
  • the material for the raw plate, the number of materials, the composition and the amount can be varied, and the manufacturing process can be controlled so that layering occurs.
  • FIG. 10 shows the corner formation for thicker wall elements.
  • a corner stone 57 is required, which can be created according to the same manufacturing principle.
  • FIG. 11a-c show, for ceiling tiles, a female joint part 40 with cutouts 41 in 1 perspective top view (FIG. 11a) and 2 side views (FIG. 11b and 11c).
  • FIG. 13 and 14 show a ceiling stone element 62 or in an exploded view and in a perspective view from below.
  • the upper pressure plate 44 and a lower tension plate 45 enclose the outer bearing webs 47 and the central web 46.
  • the support webs 47 can be obtained by diagonal cutting from 1 raw plate.
  • the front and rear end faces of the ceiling tile are each connected to a joint part 42 or 40.
  • a building ceiling 63 can be prepared with the ceiling stone elements 62, as shown in FIG.
  • Fig. 16-18 show an alternative 66 for ceiling stones for the frontal use of the joint parts.
  • the subject of the invention can be used in the entire construction sector, including civil engineering .
  • the individual parts come from the same or different, u. U. multilayer raw panels, possibly with different layer thicknesses; the layers can be adjusted so that they are either more compressive or tensile. This in turn can be supported by intermediate layers made of plastic, metal or textile nets, the mixing behavior of the flowable layer being simultaneously reduced by the intermediate layers in the manufacturing process.
  • the joint parts By using the joint parts, well breathing building walls and ceilings can be realized with the components of the invention.
  • the components can be reinforced by reinforcement in or on the joint parts.
  • the components are then very good as lost Formwork elements usable.
  • the breathing of walls or ceilings constructed with inventive components can be further improved if the joint parts comprise a breathing material. Recesses in and jumps on the joint parts can improve the mutual connection of the assembled components.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Standing Axle, Rod, Or Tube Structures Coupled By Welding, Adhesion, Or Deposition (AREA)
  • Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Claims (19)

  1. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66), notamment pour murs, piliers ou plafonds, présentant au moins une cavité intérieure ouverte en direction de deux côtés opposés et délimitée par des pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46), les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) pouvant respirer, et des éléments de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) pouvant être assemblés de manière jointive sur les deux côtés ouverts opposés, en y formant un joint. caractérisé en ce que la cavité intérieure ouverte en direction de deux côtés opposés est délimitée tout autour par des pièces individuelles (5, 12. 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) et en ce que l'élément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) est pourvu, sur les deux côtés ouverts opposés, d'une pièce de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) fixée aux pièces individuelles, et qui de préférence est de configuration sensiblement plate, les pièces de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) maintenant les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) assemblées en un élément composite résistant.
  2. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62. 66) selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) sont collées aux pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44. 45. 46).
  3. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) et/ou les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) comportent une armature (26, 27, 29).
  4. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que l'armature (26, 27, 29) comporte des éléments de renforcement du type fil métallique s'étendant dans la direction transversale et/ou dans la direction longitudinale de l'élément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66).
  5. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) sont pourvues, sur leur côté opposé à celui dirigé vers les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46), d'évidements (20, 200) et de protubérances (21, 43), les évidements (20, 200) et les protubérances (21, 43) étant réalisés sous des formes complémentaires et étant disposés de manière telle, que lorsqu'ils sont en prise avec des protubérances (21, 43) et des évidements (20, 200, 41) de la pièce de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) d'un élément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) identique, les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) d'éléments de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) identiques posés l'un sur l'autre, sont positionnées sur une même ligne.
  6. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62. 66) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'une des pièces de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) est pourvue. sur le côté opposé à celui dirigé vers les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46), d'évidements (20, 200, 41), et en ce que l'autre pièce de joint (18, 18', 19, 40. 42) est pourvue, sur le côté opposé à celui dirigé vers les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46), de protubérances (21, 43), les évidements (20, 200, 41) et les protubérances (21, 43) étant réalisés sous des formes complémentaires et étant disposés de manière telle, que lorsqu'ils sont en prise avec des protubérances (21, 43) et des évidements (20, 200, 41) de la pièce de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) d'un élément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) identique, les pièces individuelles (5, 12, 12', 15, 37, 44, 45, 46) d'éléments de construction (31, 50, 51. 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) identiques posés l'un sur l'autre, sont positionnées sur une même ligne.
  7. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62. 66) selon l'une des revendications 5-6, caractérisé en ce que les évidements (20, 200, 41) et les protubérances (21. 43) sont disposés selon une trame.
  8. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les évidements (20) et les protubérances (21, 43) sont disposés selon une première trame, et en ce que la pièce de joint (18, 18', 19, 40, 42) comprenant les évidements (20) comporte des évidements supplémentaires (200), les évidements supplémentaires (200) étant disposés selon une seconde trame, et la seconde trame coïncidant essentiellement avec une première trame tournée de 90°.
  9. Elément de construction (31, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 62, 66) selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les autres côtés de joint d'assemblage de l'élément de construction (31) présentent des languettes (35) et rainures (36).
  10. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes. caractérisé en ce que, sur les autres côtés de joint d'assemblage de l'élément de construction (62, 67), sont rapportées des membrures d'appui (47. 39).
  11. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes. caractérisé en ce que les pièces de joint (40, 42) présentent des membrures d'appui.
  12. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces individuelles sont découpées dans une ou plusieurs unités préfabriquées, plus grandes.
  13. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes. caractérisé en ce que les pièces individuelles sont collées entre elles à l'aide d'un matériau pouvant respirer, de préférence à l'aide du même matériau que celui à partir duquel sont fabriquées les pièces individuelles.
  14. Elément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les pièces de joint peuvent respirer.
  15. Utilisation d'un élément de construction selon l'une des revendications précédentes, comme coffrage perdu.
  16. Procédé de fabrication d'éléments de construction selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14, caractérisé en ce que les pièces individuelles sont rassemblées dans leur position mutuelle définitive et y sont maintenues assemblées, et en ce que, sur chacun des côtés de joint d'assemblage opposés. est placée une pièce de joint de configuration plate, qui est solidement jointe aux faces latérales de joint des pièces individuelles.
  17. Procédé selon la revendication 16. caractérisé en ce que les pièces individuelles sont rassemblées dans un moule de coulée et y sont maintenues assemblées. et en ce que les pièces de joint sont rapportées par fusion sur les faces latérales de joint. au cours dune opération de coulée.
  18. Procédé selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que, sur les faces latérales de joint. sont placées des armatures, et en ce que les armatures sont noyées dans le matériau coulé. lors de l'opération de coulée.
  19. Procédé selon l'une des précédentes revendications 16 à 18. caractérisé en ce que les pièces individuelles sont découpées dans une ou plusieurs unités préfabriquées. plus grandes.
EP95200951A 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Elément de construction Expired - Lifetime EP0748905B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE59500348T DE59500348D1 (de) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Bauelement
AT95200951T ATE154963T1 (de) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Bauelement
EP95200951A EP0748905B1 (fr) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Elément de construction

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP95200951A EP0748905B1 (fr) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Elément de construction

Publications (2)

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EP0748905A1 EP0748905A1 (fr) 1996-12-18
EP0748905B1 true EP0748905B1 (fr) 1997-07-02

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ID=8220189

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EP95200951A Expired - Lifetime EP0748905B1 (fr) 1995-04-13 1995-04-13 Elément de construction

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EP (1) EP0748905B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE154963T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE59500348D1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022268976A1 (fr) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-29 Hemet Adrien Coffrage perdu pour murette de guides pour la construction d'une paroi de pieux

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6079175A (en) * 1997-04-09 2000-06-27 Clear; Theodore E. Cementitious structural building panel
DE10012048A1 (de) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-20 Hans Baeumler Bauelement zum Errichten von Bauwerksteilen
AT510796A1 (de) * 2010-12-06 2012-06-15 Gerhardt Josef Baustein
EP4234829A3 (fr) * 2018-07-20 2023-10-11 DK Gevels B.V. Ensemble mur
CN112900677A (zh) * 2019-12-03 2021-06-04 怀化雁荡山新型墙体材料有限公司 一种组合式保温墙体

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2688245A (en) * 1949-02-08 1954-09-07 George A Vesper Interlocking composition building block
DE2262242A1 (de) * 1972-12-20 1974-06-27 Horst Koschmieder Wandelement
FR2552472B2 (fr) * 1983-02-08 1985-11-08 Ott Renaud Systeme constructif utilisant des coffrages perdus notamment isolants et armes

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2022268976A1 (fr) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-29 Hemet Adrien Coffrage perdu pour murette de guides pour la construction d'une paroi de pieux
FR3124529A1 (fr) * 2021-06-23 2022-12-30 Adrien HEMET Coffrage perdu pour murette de guides pour la construction d’une paroi de pieux

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0748905A1 (fr) 1996-12-18
ATE154963T1 (de) 1997-07-15
DE59500348D1 (de) 1997-08-07

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