Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
  • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
  • C11D3/39—Organic or inorganic per-compounds
  • C11D3/3942—Inorganic per-compounds

Definitions

• the present patent application relates to a bleaching detergent or cleaning agent containing two different types of bleaching agents.
• washing and cleaning agents contain so-called bleaching agents, which attack redox reactions on the surface to be cleaned soiling or destroy soiled soil already removed from the surface in such a way that they do not deposit again recognizable on the surface.
• bleaching agents attack redox reactions on the surface to be cleaned soiling or destroy soiled soil already removed from the surface in such a way that they do not deposit again recognizable on the surface.
• oxidizing agents are used.
• chlorine for example, accessible from hypochlorite, because of its high oxidation potential is a generally well-suited bleaching agent, usually oxidizing agents are used, which exploit the oxidizing power of oxygen, as these represent a lower risk of damage to the surface to be cleaned.
• Peroxygen compounds suitable for use as bleaches in both detergents for the cleaning of textiles and in hard surface cleaners are both inorganic and in particular organic peracids or pers acid salts of organic acids, for example phthalimidopercaproic acid, perbenzoic acid or salts of diperdodecanedioic acid, but also hydrogen peroxide and under the washing or cleaning conditions, hydrogen peroxide-releasing inorganic salts such as perborate, percarbonate and / or persilicate have been described.
• An object of the invention is therefore a washing or cleaning agent containing percarbonate based bleaching agent and persulfate bleaching agent.
• the content of the combination of percarbonate-based bleaching agent and persulfate-bleaching agent in the compositions of the present invention is preferably 10% by weight to 70% by weight, especially 15% by weight to 30% by weight, particularly preferably from 20% to 40% by weight.
• the agent contains at least 5% by weight, preferably 7.5% to 50% by weight and especially 9% to 35% by weight of persulfate-based bleach.
• detergents or cleaners according to the present invention may have all of the ingredients usually present in them, as long as they do not interact in unduly negative ways with the bleaching agents or bleaches.
• the compositions according to the invention are solid, wherein they may be present in powder form or as larger shaped bodies, for example as granules, extrudates or tablets.
• the percarbonate-based bleach contained in the compositions of the present invention is an adduct of hydrogen peroxide to an alkali carbonate, a so-called alkali percarbonate.
• alkali percarbonate a so-called alkali percarbonate.
• sodium percarbonate theoretical composition 2Na 2 CO 3 '3H 2 O 2 ) is particularly preferred.
• an alkali metal percarbonate stabilized with specific borates as known from European patent applications EP 459 625, EP 487 256 or EP 567 140, or an alkali metal percarbonate coated with a combination of alkali metal salts, as described in European patent applications EP 0 623 553 or EP 0 592 969.
• EP 459 625, EP 487 256 or EP 567 140 or an alkali metal percarbonate coated with a combination of alkali metal salts, as described in European patent applications EP 0 623 553 or EP 0 592 969.
• an alkali metal percarbonate stabilized with specific borates as known from European patent applications EP 459 625, EP 487 256 or EP 567 140
• an alkali metal percarbonate coated with a combination of alkali metal salts as described in European patent applications EP 0 623 553 or EP 0 592 969.
• about 104.675 g of sodium percarbonate can release 1 mole of active oxygen; however, the actual active
• the bleaches based on persulfate present in the compositions according to the invention are preferably peroxomono- and disulphuric acid and mixtures thereof which are also present in the form of their alkali metal salts and / or their acidic alkali metal salts, that is to say alkali hydrogen peroxomono- and disulphates can.
• peroxomonosulfuric acid and / or their alkali salts or acidic alkali metal salts are particularly preferred, among these in particular potassium hydrogen peroxomonosulfate.
• Further objects of the invention are the use of a combination of a percarbonate-based bleaching agent with a persulf bleach-based bleaching agent to enhance the cleaning performance of detergents, as well as a laundry washing process and a hard-surface cleaning process using each Combination of a percarbonate-based bleaching agent with a persulf bleach-based bleach.
• a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention preferably a washing or cleaning agent according to the invention is used, but the washing process according to the invention can also be carried out by mixing the percarbonate-based bleaching agent and the bleach persulfate-based, premixed or as individual components, in a washing machine or a metered for hand washing container and previously, simultaneously or after a conventional detergent, which may be free of bleach components, brings into the washing machine or hand washing vessel.
• a conventional detergent which may be free of bleach components
• An agent according to the invention contains the two bleaching agents, namely the percarbonate-based bleaching agent and the persulfur bleaching agent, preferably in the ratio of the molar amounts of active oxygen (active oxygen ratio) present in both: 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular 4: 1 to 1: 4. Relationships in the area from 3: 1 to 1: 3, especially from 2.5: 1 to 1: 2.5, are particularly preferred, with those of about 1: 1, for example 2: 1 to 1: 2, being most preferred.
• Detergents or cleaning agents according to the invention may contain, in addition to the bleaching agent combination mentioned, all customary other constituents of such agents which do not interact in an undesired manner with the bleaching agents.
• this interaction is of no importance if the compounding agents with otherwise undesirably interacting ingredients are allowed to come into contact with the bleach combination only shortly before the time of application, so that in these cases they are in addition to the bleach combination are not subject to any special restrictions on their ingredients.
• an agent according to the invention may comprise bleach activator, in particular in amounts ranging from 2% by weight to 10% by weight.
• the group of eligible bleach activators includes the commonly used N- or O-acyl compounds, for example, polyacylated alkylenediamines, especially tetraacetylethylenediamine, acylated glycolurils, especially tetraacetylglycoluril, N-acylated hydantoins, hydrazides, triazoles, urazoles, diketopiperazines, sulfurylamides, and cyanurates Carboxylic anhydrides, especially phthalic anhydride, carboxylic acid esters, in particular sodium isononanoyl-phenolsulfonat, and acylated sugar derivatives, in particular pentaacetylglucose, and cationic nitrile derivatives such as trialkylammoniumacetonitrile salts.
• the bleach activators may have been coated or granulated in a known manner with coating substances in order to avoid the interaction with the per compounds, with the aid of carboxymethylcellulose granulated tetraacetylethylenediamine having average particle sizes of 0.01 mm to 0.8 mm, as for example according to in European Patent EP 37,026 can be prepared, granulated l, 5-diacetyl-2,4-dioxohexahydro-l, 3,5-triazine, as can be prepared by the process described in German Patent DD 255,884 , and / or according to the methods described in International Patent Applications WO 00/50553, WO 00/50556, WO 02/12425, WO 02/12426 or WO 02/26927 Particulate preformed Trialkylammoniumacetonitrile is particularly preferred.
• Detergents or cleaning agents contain such bleach activators, if present, preferably in amounts of up to 8% by weight, in particular from 2% by weight to 6% by weight, based in each case on the total agent. It is particularly advantageous, however, that agents according to the invention have a very good bleaching performance even without the presence of customary peracid peracid-forming bleach activators or bleach catalysts, for example redox-active metal complexes, so that they are free of bleach activators and bleach catalysts in a preferred embodiment.
• an agent according to the invention contains nonionic surfactant selected from fatty alkyl polyglycosides, fatty alkyl polyalkoxylates, in particular ethoxylates and / or propoxylates, fatty acid polyhydroxyamides and / or ethoxylation and / or propoxylation products of fatty alkylamines, vicinal diols, fatty acid alkyl esters and / or fatty acid amides and their derivatives Mixtures, in particular in an amount in the range of 1 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%, preferably from 1 wt .-% to 20 wt .-%.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants include the alkoxylates, in particular the ethoxylates and / or propoxylates of saturated or mono- to polyunsaturated linear or branched-chain alcohols having 10 to 22 C atoms, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms.
• the degree of alkoxylation of the alcohols is generally between 1 and 20, preferably between 3 and 10. They can be prepared in a known manner by reacting the corresponding alcohols with the corresponding alkylene oxides.
• Particularly suitable are the derivatives of fatty alcohols, although their branched-chain isomers, in particular so-called oxo alcohols, can be used for the preparation of usable alkoxylates.
• alkoxylates in particular the ethoxylates, primary alcohols with linear, in particular dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl radicals and mixtures thereof.
• suitable alkoxylation products of alkylamines, vicinal diols and carboxamides, which correspond to the said alcohols with respect to the alkyl part usable.
• the ethylene oxide and / or propylene oxide insertion products of fatty acid alkyl esters as described in the International Patent Application WO 90/13533, as well as fatty acid polyhydroxyamides, as can be prepared according to the methods of US Pat. Nos.
• alkylpolyglycosides which are suitable for incorporation into the compositions according to the invention are compounds of the general formula (G) n -OR 12 in which R 12 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 8 to 22 C atoms, G is a glycose unit and n is a number between 1 and 10 mean.
• R 12 is an alkyl or alkenyl radical having 8 to 22 C atoms
• G is a glycose unit
• n is a number between 1 and 10 mean.
• Such compounds and their preparation are described, for example, in European Patent Applications EP 92355, EP 301 298, EP 357 969 and EP 362 671 or US Pat. No. 3,547,828.
• the glycoside component (G) n are oligomers or polymers of naturally occurring aldose or ketose monomers, in particular glucose, mannose, fructose, galactose, talose, gulose, altrose, allose, idose, ribose, Include arabinose, xylose and lyxose.
• the oligomers consisting of such glycosidically linked monomers are characterized not only by the nature of the sugars contained in them by their number, the so-called Oligomermaschinesgrad.
• the degree of oligomerization n assumes as the value to be determined analytically generally broken numerical values; it is between 1 and 10, with the glycosides preferably used below a value of 1.5, in particular between 1.2 and 1.4.
• Preferred monomer building block is glucose because of its good availability.
• the alkyl or alkenyl moiety R 12 of the glycosides preferably also originates from readily available derivatives of renewable raw materials, in particular from fatty alcohols, although their branched-chain isomers, in particular so-called oxoalcohols, can also be used for the preparation of useful glycosides. Accordingly, the primary alcohols having linear octyl, decyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl radicals and mixtures thereof are particularly suitable.
• a further embodiment of such agents comprises the presence of sulfate and / or sulfonate synthetic anionic surfactant, in particular Fatty alkyl sulfate, fatty alkyl ether sulfate, sulfo fatty acid esters and / or sulfo fatty acid salts, in particular in an amount in the range from 0.01% by weight to 15% by weight, preferably 0.01% by weight to 5% by weight.
• the anionic surfactant is preferably selected from the alkyl or alkenyl sulfates and / or the alkyl or alkenyl ether sulfates in which the alkyl or alkenyl group has 8 to 22, in particular 12 to 18, carbon atoms.
• Suitable synthetic anionic surfactants which are particularly suitable for use in compositions according to the invention are the alkyl and / or alkenyl sulfates having 8 to 22 C atoms which carry an alkali metal, ammonium or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium ion as counter cation. Preference is given to the derivatives of the fatty alcohols having in particular 12 to 18 carbon atoms and their branched-chain analogs, the so-called oxo alcohols.
• the alkyl and alkenyl sulfates can be prepared in a known manner by reaction of the corresponding alcohol component with a customary sulfating reagent, in particular sulfur trioxide or chlorosulfonic acid, and subsequent neutralization with alkali metal, ammonium or alkyl or hydroxyalkyl-substituted ammonium bases.
• Sulfur-type surfactants which can be used also include the sulfated alkoxylation products of the alcohols mentioned, known as ether sulfates.
• ether sulfates preferably contain from 2 to 30, in particular from 4 to 10, ethylene glycol groups per molecule.
• Suitable anionic surfactants of the sulfonate type include the ⁇ -sulfoesters obtainable by reaction of fatty acid esters with sulfur trioxide and subsequent neutralization, in particular those of fatty acids having 8 to 22 C atoms, preferably 12 to 18 C atoms, and linear alcohols having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms, derivative sulfonation, as well as the formal saponification resulting from these sulfo fatty acids.
• soaps suitable being saturated soaps, such as the salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid or stearic acid, and soaps derived from natural fatty acid mixtures, for example coconut, palm kernel or tallow fatty acids.
• those soap mixtures are preferred which are composed of 50% by weight to 100% by weight of saturated C 12 -C 18 fatty acid soaps and up to 50% by weight of oleic acid soap.
• soap is present in amounts of from 0.5% to 7% by weight but may be absent altogether. However, especially in liquid or gel-like compositions according to the invention, higher amounts of soap, generally up to 20% by weight, can also be present.
• compositions may also contain betaines and / or cationic surfactants, which, if present, are preferably used in amounts of from 0.5% by weight to 7% by weight.
• esterquats that is, quaternized esters of carboxylic acid and aminoalcohol.
• German Patent DE 43 08 794 moreover discloses a process for preparing solid ester quats, in which the quaternization of triethanolamine esters is carried out in the presence of suitable dispersants, preferably fatty alcohols.
• suitable dispersants preferably fatty alcohols.
• Reviews on this topic are, for example, by R. Puchta et al. in tens. Surf. De, 30, 186 (1993), M.Brock in Tens.Surf.Det. 30, 394 (1993), Ragerman et al. in J.Am.Oil.Chem.Soc, 71, 97 (1994) and I.Shapiro in Cosm.Toil.109, 77 (1994).
• an agent according to the invention may comprise water-soluble and / or water-insoluble builder, in particular selected from alkali metal aluminosilicate, crystalline alkali metal silicate with modulus above 1, monomeric polycarboxylate, polymeric polycarboxylate and mixtures thereof, in particular in amounts of up to 60% by weight.
• the water-soluble organic builder substances include, in particular, those from the class of the polycarboxylic acids, in particular citric acid and sugar acids, and the polymeric (poly) carboxylic acids, in particular the polycarboxylates of the international patent application WO 93/16110 obtainable by oxidation of polysaccharides, polymeric acrylic acids, methacrylic acids , Maleic acids and copolymers thereof, which also contain small amounts of polymerizable substances without carbonyl Can contain copolymerized acid functionality.
• the molecular weight of the homopolymers of unsaturated carboxylic acids is generally between 5000 and 200,000, and of the copolymers between 2000 and 200,000, preferably 50,000 to 120,000, based on the free acid.
• a particularly preferred acrylic acid-maleic acid copolymer has a molecular weight of 50,000 to 100,000.
• Suitable, although less preferred, compounds of this class are copolymers of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid with vinyl ethers, such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene, in which the proportion of the acid is at least 50% by weight.
• vinyl ethers such as vinylmethyl ethers, vinyl esters, ethylene, propylene and styrene
• the first acidic monomer or its salt is derived from a monoethylenically unsaturated C 3 -C 8 -carboxylic acid and preferably from a C 3 -C -monocarboxylic acid, in particular from (meth) acrylic acid.
• the second acidic monomer or its salt may be a derivative of a C 4 -C 8 dicarboxylic acid, with maleic acid being particularly preferred.
• the third monomeric unit is formed in this case of vinyl alcohol and / or preferably an esterified vinyl alcohol.
• Preferred terpolymers contain 60 wt .-% to 95 wt .-%, in particular 70 wt .-% to 90 wt .-% of (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid or acrylate, and maleic acid or Maleinate and 5 wt .-% to 40% by weight, preferably 10 wt .-% to 30 wt .-% of vinyl alcohol and / or vinyl acetate.
• the second acidic monomer or its salt can also be a derivative of an allylsulfonic acid which is substituted in the 2-position by an alkyl radical, preferably by a C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, or by an aromatic radical which is preferably derived from benzene or benzene derivatives
• Preferred terpolymers contain from 40% by weight to 60% by weight, in particular from 45 to 55% by weight, of (meth) acrylic acid or (meth) acrylate, particularly preferably acrylic acid or acrylate, from 10% by weight to 30% by weight, preferably from 15% by weight to 25% by weight, of methallylsulfonic acid or methallylsulfonate and as the third monomer of 15% by weight.
• % to 40 wt% preferably 20 wt% to 40 wt% of a carbohydrate.
• This carbohydrate may be, for example, a mono-, di-, oligo- or polysaccharide, mono-, di- or oligosaccharides being preferred, sucrose being particularly preferred.
• the use of the third monomer presumably incorporates predetermined breaking points in the polymer which are responsible for the good biodegradability of the polymer.
• These terpolymers can be prepared in particular by processes which are described in German Patent DE 4221 381 and German Patent Application DE 43 00 772, and generally have a molecular weight between 1000 and 200,000, preferably between 200 and 50,000 and in particular between 3000 and 10000 on.
• An agent of the invention preferably contains from 0.1% to 15% by weight of water-soluble organic builder.
• Crystalline or amorphous alkali metal aluminosilicates in amounts of up to 50% by weight, preferably not more than 40% by weight, and in liquid agents, in particular from 1% by weight to 5% by weight, are particularly suitable as water-insoluble, water-dispersible inorganic builder materials.
• the detergent-grade crystalline aluminosilicates especially zeolite NaA and optionally NaX, are preferred. Amounts near the above upper limit are preferably used in solid, particulate agents.
• suitable aluminosilicates have no particles with a particle size greater than 30 mm and preferably consist of at least 80% by weight of particles having a size of less than 10 mm.
• Suitable substitutes or partial substitutes for the said aluminosilicate are crystalline alkali silicates which may be present alone or in a mixture with amorphous silicates.
• Those in the funds as builders useful alkali metal silicates preferably have a molar ratio of alkali metal oxide to SiO less than 0.95, in particular from 1: 1.1 to 1:12 and may be amorphous or crystalline.
• Preferred alkali metal silicates are the sodium silicates, in particular the amorphous sodium silicates, with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 2 to 1: 2.8.
• Such amorphous alkali silicates are commercially available, for example, under the name Portil®.
• Those with a molar ratio of Na 2 O: SiO 2 of 1: 1.9 to 1: 2.8 can be prepared by the process of European patent application EP 0425 427. They are preferably added in the course of the production as a solid and not in the form of a solution.
• the crystalline silicates which may be present alone or in admixture with amorphous silicates, are crystalline layer silicates with the general formula Na 2 Si x O are used x + 1 'yH 2 O, in which x, the so-called module, a number from 1.9 to 4 and y is a number from 0 to 20 and preferred values for x are 2, 3 or 4.
• Crystalline layered silicates which fall under this general formula are described, for example, in European Patent Application EP 0 164 514.
• Preferred crystalline phyllosilicates are those in which x in the abovementioned general formula assumes the values 2 or 3.
• both .beta.- and ⁇ -Na triumdisilikate are preferred, with beta-sodium disilicate being obtainable, for example, by the method described in International Patent Application WO 91/08171.
• ⁇ -Sodium silicates with a modulus between 1.9 and 3.2 can be prepared according to Japanese patent applications JP 04/238 809 or JP 04/260 610.
• amorphous alkali metal silicates are also prepared from amorphous alkali metal silicates, practically anhydrous crystalline alkali metal silicates of the above general formula in which x is a number from 1.9 to 2.1, preparable as in the European patent applications EP 0 548 599, EP 0 502 325 and EP 0 425 428 can be used in agents according to the invention.
• a crystalline sodium layer silicate with a modulus of 2 to 3 is used, as can be prepared by the process of European patent application EP 0436 835 from sand and soda.
• Crystalline sodium silicates with a modulus in the range from 1.9 to 3.5 are described in a further preferred embodiment of washing compositions according to the invention. or detergents used.
• Their content Alkali silicates is preferably 1 wt .-% to 50 wt .-% and in particular 5 wt .-% to 35 wt .-%, based on anhydrous active substance.
• alkali metal silicate in particular zeolite
• the content of alkali metal silicate is preferably 1% by weight to 15% by weight and in particular 2% by weight to 8% by weight, based on anhydrous active substance
• the weight ratio of aluminosilicate to silicate, in each case based on anhydrous active substances is then preferably 4: 1 to 10: 1.
• the weight ratio of amorphous alkali metal silicate to crystalline alkali metal silicate is preferably 1: 2 to 2: 1 and especially 1: 1 to 2: 1.
• Suitable water-soluble inorganic builders are also the known alkali metal phosphates, in particular trisodium polyphosphate.
• Alkaliphosphat is the summary term for the alkali metal (especially sodium and potassium) salts of the various phosphoric acids, in which one can distinguish metaphosphoric acids (HPO 3 ) n and orthophosphoric H 3 PO 4 in addition to high molecular weight representatives.
• the phosphates combine several advantages: they act as alkali carriers, prevent lime deposits on machine parts or lime incrustations in fabrics and also contribute to the cleaning performance.
• Sodium dihydrogen phosphate, NaH 2 PO 4 exists as dihydrate (density 1.91 like "3 , melting point 60 °) and as monohydrate (density 2.04 like " ).
• Both salts are white powders which are very soluble in water and which lose the water of crystallization when heated and at 200 ° C into the weak acid diphosphate (disodium hydrogen diphosphate, Na 2 HP 2 O), at higher temperature in sodium trimetaphosphate (Na 3 P 3 O 9 ) and pass on Madrell's salt.
• NaH 2 PO 4 is acidic; It arises when phosphoric acid is adjusted to a pH of 4.5 with sodium hydroxide solution and the mash is sprayed.
• Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (potassium phosphate primary or monobasic, potassium biphosphate, KDP), KH 2 PO, is a white salt of density 2.33 "3 , has a melting point of 253 ° (decomposition to form (KPO 3 ) x , potassium polyphosphate) and is light soluble in water Disodium hydrogen phosphate (secondary sodium phosphate), Na 2 HPO 4 , is a colorless, very slightly water-soluble crystalline salt which exists anhydrous and with 2 moles (density 2.066 like '3 , water loss at 95 °), 7 mol. Density 1.68 "3 , melting point 48 ° with loss of 5 H 2 O) and 12 mol.
• Disodium hydrogen phosphate is prepared by neutralization of phosphoric acid with soda solution using phenolphthalein as an indicator.
• Dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (secondary or dibasic potassium phosphate), K 2 HPO, is an amorphous, white salt that is readily soluble in water.
• Trisodium phosphate, tertiary sodium phosphate, Na 3 PO 4 are colorless crystals which, as dodecahydrate, have a density of 1.62 "3 and a melting point of 73-76 ° C (decomposition), as decahydrate (corresponding to 19-20% P 2 O 5 ) have a melting point of 100 ° C and in anhydrous form (corresponding to 39-40% P 2 O 5 ) a density of 2.536 like "3 have.
• Trisodium phosphate is readily soluble in water under alkaline reaction and is prepared by evaporating a solution of exactly 1 mole of disodium phosphate and 1 mole of NaOH.
• Tripotassium phosphate (tertiary or tribasic potassium phosphate), K 3 PO, is a white, volatilized, granular powder with a density of 2.56 "3 , has a melting point of 1340 ° and is readily soluble in water with an alkaline reaction, eg when heated Thomas slag with coal and potassium sulfate. in spite of the higher price industrial cleaning agents in which the more readily soluble and therefore highly effective potassium phosphates corresponding sodium compounds are often preferred.
• tetrasodium diphosphate sodium pyrophosphate
• Na P 2 O tetrasodium diphosphate
• water-free form decahydrate
• decahydrate decahydrate
• Density 1.815-1.836 like " melting point 94 ° with loss of water
• Name substances are colorless, in water with alkaline reaction soluble crystals.
• Na PO arises upon heating of Disodium phosphate to> 200 ° or by reacting phosphoric acid with soda in stoichiometric ratio and the Lö dehydrated by spraying.
• the decahydrate complexes heavy metal salts and hardness agents and therefore reduces the hardness of the water.
• Potassium diphosphate (potassium pyrophosphate), KP 2 O, exists in the form of the trihydrate and is a colorless, hygroscopic powder with a density of 2.33% "3 " which is soluble in water, the pH of the 1% solution being 25%
• higher molar sodium and potassium phosphates are formed in which cyclic representatives, the sodium or potassium metaphosphates and chain types, the sodium or potassium polyphosphates, are differentiated
• fused or annealed phosphates Graham's salt, Kurrol and Madrell's salt.
• All higher sodium and potassium phosphates are collectively referred to as condensed phosphates.
• n 3.
• 100 g of water dissolve at room temperature about 17 g, at 60 ° about 20 g, at 100 ° around 32 g of the salt water-free salt; after two hours of heating the solution to 100 ° caused by hydrolysis about 8% orthophosphate and 15% diphosphate.
• pentasodium triphosphate In the preparation of pentasodium triphosphate, phosphoric acid is reacted with soda solution or sodium hydroxide solution in a stoichiometric ratio and the solution is dehydrated by spraying. Similar to Graham's salt and sodium diphosphate, pentasodium triphosphate dissolves many insoluble metal compounds (including lime soaps, etc.). Pentakaliumtriphosphat, K 5 P 3 O 10 (potassium tripolyphosphate), for example, in the form of a 50 wt .-% solution (> 23% P 2 O 5 , 25% K 2 O) in the trade. The potassium polyphosphates are widely used in the washing and cleaning industry. There are also sodium potassium tripolyphosphates which can also be used in the context of the present invention. These arise, for example, when hydrolyzed sodium trimetaphosphate with KOH:
• water-soluble or water-insoluble inorganic substances can be used in agents according to the invention. Suitable in this context are the alkali metal carbonates, alkali hydrogen carbonate and alkali metal sulfates and mixtures thereof. Such additional inorganic material may be present in amounts up to 70% by weight.
• the agents may contain other ingredients customary in detergents and cleaners.
• optional ingredients include, in particular, enzymes, enzyme stabilizers, complexing agents for heavy metals, for example aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminohydroxypolycarboxylic acids, polyphosphonic acids and / or aminopolyphosphonic acids, color fixing agents, color transfer inhibitors, for example polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinylpyrdine N-oxide, foam inhibitors, for example organopolysiloxanes or paraffins, solvents, thickeners, and optical brighteners, for example stilbene disulfonic acid derivatives.
• enzymes for example aminopolycarboxylic acids, aminohydroxypolycarboxylic acids, polyphosphonic acids and / or aminopolyphosphonic acids
• color fixing agents for example polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyvinylpyrdine N-oxide
• foam inhibitors for example organopolysiloxanes or paraffins
• solvents thickeners
• optical brighteners for example stilbene disulfonic acid derivatives.
• optical brightener in particular compounds from the class of substituted 4,4'-bis (2,4 , 6-triamino-s-triazinyl) -stilbene-2,2'-disulfonic acids, up to 5 wt .-%, in particular 0.1 wt .-% to 2 wt .-% complexing agent for heavy metals, especially Aminoalkylenphosphonklaren and their salts , up to 3% by weight, in particular from 0.5% by weight to 2% by weight, of grayness inhibitors and up to 2% by weight, in particular from 0.1% by weight to 1% by weight, of foam inhibitors, wherein said parts by weight each refer to total means.
• Solvents which are used in particular in the case of liquid or gel-form detergents are, in addition to water, preferably those which are water-miscible. These include the lower alcohols, for example, ethanol, propanol, isopropanol, and the isomeric butanols, glycerol, lower glycols, such as ethylene and propylene glycol, and the derivable from the aforementioned classes of compounds ether. Liquid agents according to the invention are preferably anhydrous.
• present enzymes are preferably selected from the group comprising protease, amylase, lipase, cellulase, hemicellulase, oxidase, peroxidase or mixtures thereof.
• proteases derived from microorganisms such as bacteria or fungi, come into question. It can be obtained in a known manner by fermentation processes from suitable microorganisms which are described, for example, in German Offenlegungsschriften DE 1940488, DE 2044 161, DE 21 01 803 and DE 21 21 397, US Pat. Nos. 3,623,957 and 4,264,738 , European Patent Application EP 006 638 and international patent application WO 91/02792.
• Proteases are commercially available, for example are available under the names BLAP®, Savinase®, Esperase®, Maxatase®, Optimase®, Alcalase®, Durazym® or Maxapem®.
• the lipase which can be used can be prepared from Humicola lanuginosa, as described, for example, in European Patent Applications EP 258 068, EP 305 216 and EP 341 947, from Bacillus species, as described, for example, in International Patent Application WO 91/16422 or European Patent Application EP 384 717 , from Pseudomonas species, as for example in European patent applications EP 468 102, EP 385 401, EP 375 102, EP 334 462, EP 331 376, EP 330 641, EP 214761, EP 218272 or EP 204284 or international patent application WO 90 / 10695, from Fusarium species, as described, for example, in European patent application EP 130 064, from Rhizopus species,
• Suitable lipases are commercially available, for example, under the names Lipolase®, Lipozym®, Lipomax®, Amano® lipase, Toyo-Jozo® lipase, Meito® lipase and Diosynth® lipase.
• Suitable amylases are commercially available, for example, under the names Maxamyl®, Termamyl®, Duramyl® and Purafect® OxAm.
• the usable cellulase may be a recoverable from bacteria or fungi enzyme, which has a pH optimum, preferably in the weakly acidic to slightly alkaline range of 6 to 9.5.
• Such cellulases are known, for example, from German Offenlegungsschriften DE 31 17 250, DE 32 07 825, DE 32 07 847, DE 33 22 950 or European patent applications EP 265 832, EP 269 977, EP 270 974, EP 273 125 and EP 339 550 and international patent applications WO 95/02675 and WO 97/14804 and commercially available under the names Celluzyme®, Carezyme® and Ecostone®.
• the usual, customary enzyme stabilizers present in particular in liquid and / or gel formative agents include amino alcohols, for example mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propanolamine and mixtures thereof, lower carboxylic acids, for example from European patent applications EP 376 705 and EP 378 261 Boric acid or alkali metal borates, boric acid-carboxylic acid combinations, as known for example from European patent application EP 451 921, boric acid esters, such as from the international patent application WO 93/11215 or the European patent application EP 511 456 discloses boronic acid derivatives, as known for example from European patent application EP 583 536, calcium salts, for example the known from European patent EP 28 865 Ca-formic acid combination, magnesium salts, such as from European patent application EP 378 262, and / or sulfur-containing reducing agents, as known, for example, from European patent applications EP 080 748 or EP 080 223.
• amino alcohols for example mono-, di-, triethanol- and -propan
• Suitable foam inhibitors include long-chain soaps, in particular heel soap, fatty acid amides, paraffins, waxes, microcrystalline waxes, organopolysiloxanes and mixtures thereof, which moreover can contain microfine, optionally silanated or otherwise hydrophobicized silica.
• foam inhibitors are preferably bound to granular, water-soluble carrier substances, as for example in German Offenlegungsschrift DE 34 36 194, European patent applications EP 262 588, EP 301 414, EP 309 931 or European patent EP 150 386 described.
• Standardized soils (tea, red wine) on white cotton fabric were washed at 30 ° C with a particulate bleach-free detergent VO (4 g / L). Further, a detergent VI obtained from VO by addition of nattium percarbonate and a detergent V2 obtained from VO by adding TAED (6.25% by weight to VO) and sodium percarbonate were used. Nattium percarbonate was added in each case in such an amount that, calculated at a concentration of the respective agent of 4 g / L in the wash solution, 130 ppm of active oxygen are obtained from it. Alternatively, potassium monopersulfate (in an amount calculated to give 130 ppm at a 4 g / L concentration in the wash solution) was added to V0 (Agent V3).
• V0 was admixed with mixtures (Ml, 75:25, M2, 50:50, M3, 25:75) of the active oxygen sources sodium percarbonate and potassium monopersulfate.
• the bleach combinations mentioned were also added in amounts such that, when 4 g / l of the resulting agent were used, the active oxygen content in the wash solution was calculated at 130 ppm.
• the washed and rinsed cotton test fabrics were then dried, ironed and measured (determination of remission, Minolta CM 508d). There was a significant improvement in remission when using the compositions of the invention are detected, although the active oxygen contents were the same in the wash solution.
• Table 1 below shows the brightness value differences ⁇ L * for the test fabric washed with only V0.
• Example 1 was repeated, now using agents were used to which the bleach or bleach combinations were added in such amounts that when using 4 g / 1 of the agent, the active oxygen content in the wash solution calculated 300 ppm.
• the brightness value differences ⁇ L * are given for the test fabric washed with only V0.
• Example 1 was repeated, in which case agents were used, to which the bleaching agents or bleaching agent combinations were added in such amounts that when using in each case 4 g / l of the agent, the active oxygen content in the Washing solution calculated 500 ppm.
• Table 3 again the HeUtechnikswertunter Kunststoffe ⁇ L * are given to with only VO washed test fabric.

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