Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B7/00—Moulds; Cores; Mandrels
  • B28B7/0002—Auxiliary parts or elements of the mould
  • B28B7/0014—Fastening means for mould parts, e.g. for attaching mould walls on mould tables; Mould clamps
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
  • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
  • B28B1/08—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by vibrating or jolting
  • B28B1/081—Vibration-absorbing means
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B30—PRESSES
  • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
  • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
  • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
  • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations

Definitions

• the invention relates to an arrangement for the production of moldings, in particular concrete blocks, with a mold insert which has one or more mold cavities to be filled with concrete mass and can be placed on a vibrating plate and with a mold frame holding the mold insert, the inside of the mold frame and the outside of the mold insert have interlocking projections and depressions, between the mutually facing surfaces of which damping means are arranged.
• the present invention has for its object to provide an arrangement of the type mentioned in the introduction, in which a change in the dynamic properties of the damping means is possible in a simple manner or in which the mold insert and mold frame can be separated and connected in an advantageous manner.
• the behavior of the damping means can be changed in a simple manner by varying the fluid pressure and in particular a certain desired behavior can be set.
• the dynamic behavior of the damping means to the consistency of the concrete mass to be filled, z. B. in terms of moisture content or grain size can be adjusted.
• the dynamic behavior can advantageously also be varied according to a predetermined pattern and / or according to a monitoring device during a shaking process.
• the interlocking of the structures and counter-structures is characterized in particular by the fact that structures and counter-structures are horizontal, i.e. H. overlap parallel to the surface of the vibrating plate so that mutually facing contact surfaces of the structures and counter-contact surfaces of the counter-structures face each other vertically, wherein vertically opposing surfaces can also be oriented obliquely.
• vertically opposing surfaces In addition to the vertically opposing surfaces, horizontally opposing surfaces of the structures and counter structures can also be present. Sloping surfaces or surface sections can have both properties combined.
• the mutually facing surfaces of the projections and depressions are spaced apart from one another and damping means are inserted into the spaces between the mutually facing surfaces. Forces between the mold frame and mold insert can act via the surfaces and the damping means.
• damping means according to the invention as a hollow body filled with fluid also advantageously enables the protrusions and depressions to be joined together at low fluid pressure and the mold insert and mold frame to be connected by the hollow body which is subjected to higher fluid pressure the desired, advantageously adjustable dynamic power transmission properties.
• Fluid-filled hollow bodies are known per se in connection with concrete block molding machines, but in a different function and arrangement than in the present invention.
• DE 30 49 492 A1 z. B. described a molding machine for concrete pipes, in which the inner pipe formwork is clamped via a fluid-filled hollow clamping ring with an internal unbalance vibrating device.
• DE 42 12 702 A1 shows an inflatable cuff around part of a shaped block.
• the hollow bodies serve for the storage of a mold insert, in which one or typically more mold cavities for shaped concrete blocks are formed, in a mold frame, which in turn is rather held in a frame of a molding machine.
• the mold frame can exert a vertical pressure force on the mold insert, ie, a pressure force directed perpendicularly to a horizontal support surface of the mold insert.
• the mold insert is also held in the mold frame against lateral forces occurring during jogging.
• all or at least part, preferably at least the major part, of the forces acting between the mold frame and mold insert are transmitted via the fluid-filled flexible hollow bodies, in particular via the fluid itself.
• connections is to be understood to mean in each case spatially coherent structures and counterstructures interacting with them, including damping elements inserted between them.
• the connections of structures, counterstructures and damping elements are provided on at least two opposite sides of the mold insert and these corresponding sides of the mold frame, in particular the sides having the fastening flanges for clamping the mold frame in the molding machine.
• the connections are preferably formed on all four sides of the mold insert and mold frame, which is typically rectangular in plan view. At least two connections are preferably provided along one side, which are spaced in the direction of the horizontal longitudinal extent of the side.
• the connections provided on one side for transmitting both vertical force components and horizontal force components, in particular horizontal force components, can be transmitted parallel to the longitudinal extension of the affected side between the mold insert and the mold frame.
• the Vectors of the surface normals of the contact surfaces of the structures and / or of the counter contact surfaces of the counter structures have components therefor which are parallel to the support plane, advantageously additionally parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side.
• Contact surfaces of the structures or counter-contact surfaces of the counter-structures are understood to mean surfaces against which the damping elements bear, the size of the contact surfaces between damping elements and these surfaces being able to depend, inter alia, on the fluid pressure in the hollow bodies and on the movement of the mold insert and mold frame during the vibrating process.
• the damping elements arranged along one side transmit predominantly horizontal and vertical force components in a vertical plane parallel to the lateral direction and such damping elements are arranged on all four sides of a rectangular shape between the mold frame and the mold insert.
• the stiffness of the damping elements as a force per displacement is advantageously perpendicular to the vertical plane mentioned by at least 40%, preferably at least 60% less than parallel to this plane.
• damping elements can also be provided only on two opposite sides of a rectangular shape between the mold frame and mold insert, and all the holding and shaking forces are transmitted completely in all directions.
• One or more hollow bodies can be present within a connection, and in the case of a plurality of hollow bodies these can also be subjected to different fluid pressures.
• a hollow body advantageously touches at least partial areas of contact surfaces and / or counter-contact surfaces approximately orthogonal surface normals.
• the structures and counterstructures can in particular have a depression and a projection which engages horizontally in the depression, the depression surrounding the projection with respect to a horizontal axis by at least 90 °.
• the depression is cup-shaped and an edge line of the depression surrounds the projection in a ring shape with respect to an essentially horizontal axis.
• the damping means are advantageously also annular, and preferably a single hollow body of such a connection forms an annular cavity around the horizontal axis.
• the structure formed on the frame preferably forms the projection and the counter structure forms a recess in the side face of the mold insert facing the frame.
• connection can advantageously have a circular shape in the structure and / or counter-structure, in particular in the recess, preferably also in the projection.
• shape of the structure and / or counter structure can also form a polygon with straight and / or curved sides.
• the connections advantageously have contact surfaces and / or counter-contact surfaces which are parallel to a horizontal direction perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the side concerned. Contact surfaces and / or counter-contact surfaces can also be inclined against such a direction, for. B. in the form of a truncated cone surface, or in parts also be aligned vertically.
• the structure provided on the frame in particular as a protrusion engaging in a recess on the mold insert, can also be horizontally displaceable in the mold frame in the direction of the mold insert, so that to change the mold insert from the mold frame, the structures are released from engagement with the counterstructure and without disassembly of the mold frame of the mold sentence can be removed or used. Inserting or removing the mold insert in or out of the mold frame can also be made possible without destruction by a structure of the mold frame which is known per se and can be dismantled.
• the structure provided on the mold frame preferably forms a carrier for the hollow body and a fluid supply can advantageously be provided on the carrier.
• a plurality of hollow bodies can advantageously be fed from a common fluid source.
• Distribution lines can be provided within frame strips for the supply lines to a plurality of hollow bodies along one side.
• a distributor line can also be provided in or on the frame via more than one frame bar, in particular also a closed ring line, it being possible for a frame that can be dismantled into several frame bars to provide an automatically fluid-tight connection between individual sub-lines when the frame is joined of the different frame parts.
• the pressure of the fluid can advantageously be predefined in a variable manner from the pressure source.
• the fluid pressure can be changed in particular in the course of a vibrating process, whereby different time profiles of the fluid pressure can advantageously be predefined for different compositions of the material to be compacted and / or shape and size of the concrete blocks to be produced .
• the fluid pressure can also be modulated with a frequency which is high relative to the duration of a vibrating process, preferably at least 50 Hz, in particular for generating a horizontal vibrating movement of the mold insert.
• 1 is a plan view of a vibratory shape
• FIG. 3 shows a first advantageous embodiment of a connection area in the view corresponding to FIG. 2,
• FIG. 4 is a view according to B -B of Fig. 3,
• FIG. 6 is a view according to C - C of Fig. 5,
• connection area 8 shows a further embodiment of a connection area
• Fig. 1 shows a vertical plan view of the basic structure of a vibrating mold having a mold frame and a mold insert.
• the form frame FR has the typical rectangular shape and is detachably connected from corner areas. longitudinal strips LL and cross strips QL assembled. Devices, for example flange strips FL, are connected to the cross bars for clamping the molding frame FR in a molding machine.
• the mold frame surrounds the mold insert, in which a plurality of mold nests are formed, on all four sides in the sketched example and is held in the mold frame via connection areas VB, which are only indicated schematically with broken lines.
• Such connection areas preferably a plurality of connection areas arranged horizontally spaced in the longitudinal direction of the respective side, are provided at least on two opposite sides.
• Structures of the mold frame and counterstructures of the mold insert to such connection areas are arranged on the mutually facing side walls of the mold insert and mold frame, which is shown schematically in the section according to A - A of FIG. 1 sketched in FIG. 2.
• the mold insert is placed on a flat horizontal support plate, that is to say parallel to the xy plane of the horizontal coordinate system shown, and by means of a contact pressure exerted by the molding machine on the flange frames and transferred to the mold insert via the connection areas pressed on the pad.
• the substrate is exposed to strong vibratory forces during the shaking process when fresh concrete is poured into the mold cavity.
• FIG. 3 outlines a first advantageous embodiment of a connection area in a sectional sketch corresponding to FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 shows a view according to BB from FIG. 3 corresponding to a view of an outer surface of the mold insert FE. The upper edge and lower edge of the bar of the mold frame FR opposite this outer surface are indicated in FIG. 4 with a broken line. 3 and 4 are for a situation with on the support plate AP attached mold insert before exposure to a pressing force applied by the molding machine.
• a structure SR3 in the form of a projection projecting in the direction of the mold insert from the inner side wall of the mold frame is formed in the mold frame FR on the side thereof facing the mold insert as part of an elastic connection between the mold insert and the mold frame.
• the projection protrudes horizontally into a recess designed as a counter structure GS3 on the outer wall of the mold insert, so that the structure and counter structure are horizontal, i. H. for a cross bar as a form frame FR overlap in the x direction and a contact surface AF3 of the structure SR3 and a counter contact surface GF3 of the counter structure GS3 are at least vertical, i. H. are spaced apart in the z-direction of the coordinate system as shown in FIG. 3.
• a hollow body filled with a fluid for example oil or compressed air, is inserted between opposing contact surfaces AF3 and counter-contact surfaces GF3 and is connected to a fluid source via a feed line LE and, if applicable, a collecting or connecting line VL.
• the fluid is under increased fluid pressure compared to the environment.
• the fluid pressure is advantageously variable.
• the counter structure GS3 surrounds the structure SR3 with respect to a central axis MA which runs horizontally and perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction (here in the y direction) of the affected side of the mold frame or mold insert, which in the sketched example parallel to the x direction runs completely and the hollow body forms a ring around the structure SR3.
• the hollow body can also rest only on the structure SR3 with beaded edges and be open towards the contact surface AF3.
• the structure SR3 and the counter structure GS3 are assumed to be rotationally symmetrical in the preferred example according to FIG. 4.
• the contact surface AF3 and the counter-contact surface GF3 are shown as circular cylindrical surfaces for the sake of simplicity, but can also be structured further in themselves. Neglecting the inherent weight of the molding frame FR in comparison with the pressing force of the molding machine, it is assumed in FIGS. 3 and 4 that the structure SR3 and the counterstructures GS3 are essentially in a position concentric with each other.
• the vibrational forces of a vibrating device are additionally superimposed on the support plate, so that an additional movement of the shape is can result in relation to the form frame.
• the mold frame also carries out a vibration movement that is damped compared to the mold insert.
• both the degree of movement of the mold insert and the coupling to the mold frame can be influenced by the fluid pressure as a parameter. In this way, on the one hand, the transfer of vibratory energy to the mold frame can be kept low.
• the dynamic behavior of the mold insert and mold frame during the vibrating process can be optimized for the material to be compacted, the shape and size of the mold cavities, the vibrating energy used etc.
• a circular cylindrical structure SR7 is combined with a counter structure GS7 as a triangle with outwardly curved contact surfaces to illustrate the basic design freedom in the structures.
• a basic shape that is circular without the counter-structure GS7 is assumed.
• the hollow body HK7 then lies flat with only a part of its outer circumference against the contact surfaces of the counter structure GS7.
• a force-dependent relative displacement can occur not only in the vertical direction (z), but also relative displacements with horizontal components parallel to the longitudinal direction of the side concerned , in the outlined examples, counteract forces that reset in the y direction. This is generally the case if the contact surfaces or partial surfaces thereof have components of their surface normal in this direction (y).
• the shape of the structure and counterstructure also offers support for the mold insert FE8 the mold frame FR8 perpendicular to the mutually facing wall surfaces of the mold insert and mold frame, here in the x-direction, in that the contact surfaces AF8 of the structure SR8 by an arched counterpart surface of the counterstructure GS8 divided by a ring surface AF8R and a vertical base surface AF8V each have components of surface normals in the x direction.
• the hollow body HK8, again adopted as a ring, can thereby also transmit compressive forces in the x direction and the mold insert can be held in all directions in the mold frame on only two opposite sides by such connections.
• connections on two opposite sides e.g. B. the transverse strips in the y direction, relative displacements in the z direction and in the y direction and by connections on the other two sides, longitudinal strips LL in the x direction, relative displacements in the z and in the x direction can be absorbed.
• the structure SP8 is applied to the end face facing the mold insert of a stamp which can be displaced in the mold frame in the direction of the counter structure.
• the displacement of the stamp can, for. B. be guided by a thread guide or a sliding guide between the mold frame and punch.
• the mold insert can otherwise be used or removed in the case of detachably connected frame parts, as mentioned in relation to FIG. 1, with the frame disassembled. By relieving the pressure on the hollow bodies, it is easy to intervene in structures and counter structures.
• FIG. 9 shows an alternative design of structures SR9 and counter structures GS9, which contact surfaces AF9 and counter contact surfaces GF9 in Have the shape of oblique flanks with HK9 hollow bodies in between.
• Two connections with oppositely inclined flanks are spaced apart from one another in the longitudinal direction (y) of the side, preferably in the vicinity of the corner regions of the mold insert, so that, in addition to vertical contact forces, horizontal relative displacements in the y direction can also be absorbed bidirectionally.
• an additional restoring force can be applied to one another against the relative displacement of the contact surface and the counter contact surface by impact bodies between mutually facing contact surfaces AF10 of a structure SP10 and counter contact surfaces GF10 of a structure GS10, which can be particularly advantageous for absorbing force peaks during the shaking process.
• the impact bodies PK made of elastically deformable material can be arranged between surface sections of contact surfaces and counter-contact surfaces that are separate from the hollow bodies or, as sketched, preferably lie within the hollow bodies HK10 and can also be made in one piece with them.
• the displacement-dependent force curve can be specified by the shape and size of the impact body.
• the impact bodies are preferably also annular.
• hollow bodies or hollow bodies with separate chambers which can also be acted upon with different fluid pressure, can also be provided for different directions of force within a connection.
• a combination of compact damping elements, not designed as hollow bodies, can also be provided within a connection be, in particular damping elements of different types different directions of relative displacements or forces can be arranged.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Moulds, Cores, Or Mandrels (AREA)
• Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-23 DE DE2003133743 patent/DE10333743A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 2004
  • 2004-07-23 ES ES04741247T patent/ES2354880T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 2004-07-23 WO PCT/EP2004/008266 patent/WO2005009705A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2004-07-23 EP EP04763443A patent/EP1651407A1/de not_active Withdrawn

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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