Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
  • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
  • F28B1/06—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using air or other gas as the cooling medium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
  • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
  • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
  • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
  • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
  • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
  • F28B9/02—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices for feeding steam or vapour to condensers
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S261/00—Gas and liquid contact apparatus
  • Y10S261/76—Steam
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8376—Combined
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
  • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
  • Y10T137/8593—Systems
  • Y10T137/85938—Non-valved flow dividers

Definitions

• the invention relates to an exhaust steam line for steam power plants with the features of the preamble of claim 1.
• the exhaust steam line of a steam power plant in particular a steam turbine, is used to guide the exhaust steam from the outlet of the steam turbine, that is to say from its turbine exhaust nozzle via a main exhaust line to branch lines via which the exhaust steam is fed to individual condensation elements. This is largely done in vacuum mode.
• An exhaust steam line for an air-cooled condenser is usually routed with diameters between 1 m and 10 m.
• the object of the invention is to create an exhaust steam line for steam power plants with reduced assembly and material expenditure, in which at the same time the pressure loss is as low as possible.
• the invention solves this problem by an evaporation line with the features of claim 1.
• the essence of the invention is the arrangement of the Main evaporation line at an angle to the horizontal, so that the main evaporation line rises in the flow direction of the evaporation.
• the basic idea of the new piping is based on the principle of the most direct possible connection between the connection of the main steam line at a low level to several connections of the branch lines to manifolds at a higher level.
• the increasing arrangement of the main evaporation line has the advantage that the individual branch lines have a different length, but can be made shorter overall than in the case of an exclusively horizontally running main evaporation line. As a result, the length of the flow path is reduced overall.
• the lower use of materials leads to weight savings in the exhaust steam line and not least also to savings in costs and also in terms of assembly.
• the cost savings in assembly result, among other things, from the fact that the branch lines composed of individual ring segments are shorter and therefore less welding work has to be carried out in order to connect the ring segments to one another.
• the total assembly weight is lower, which enables easier handling.
• the foundation loads are also lower, so that smaller foundations can be used.
• a significant advantage over arrangements configured at right angles between the main exhaust line and the branch lines is that the flow losses leading to pressure losses are reduced.
• the pressure loss is proportional to the resistance coefficient of the piping system.
• the drag coefficient is largely determined by the number and design of the elbows and pipe branches. In the area of the connection points of the branch lines, the drag coefficient is reduced by the inclined position of the main exhaust line according to the invention. In principle, the resistance coefficient is lower the smaller the kink angle.
• the kink angle is measured between the cross-sectional plane of the main evaporation pipe and the cross-sectional plane of a branch pipe. For parallel cross-sectional planes, this angle is 0 °.
• the usual bend angle of 90 ° is reduced by the angle of inclination of the main exhaust line, so that there are smaller resistance coefficients at each connection point of a branch line than in the case of a 90 ° deflection. In total, this results in a significantly lower loss amount or a lower pressure loss within the exhaust steam line than in the known arrangements configured at right angles.
• the kink angle measured with respect to the horizontal lies in a range from 5 ° to 60 ° according to the features of claim 2.
• the angle is preferably in a range from 10 ° to 20 °. Larger angles would have the disadvantage that the resistance coefficient in the transition area from the horizontal length section of the main steam line to the inclined length section of the main steam line would have a larger resistance coefficient, so that larger pressure losses occur at an early stage.
• the pressure losses at very small kink angles, in particular at kink angles of less than 10 °, are significantly lower than the 90 ° elbows commonly used.
• first main exhaust line and a second main exhaust line with opposite slopes are connected to a common central line. This corresponds essentially to a V-shaped arrangement of the main steam lines with a central steam supply, to which the advantages mentioned above also apply.
• At least one of the branch lines is arranged at an angle to the main steam line in the flow direction of the exhaust steam rising obliquely. That the upper ends of the branch lines and their connection points are not in the same vertical plane. With this arrangement, the flow losses at the individual connection points are reduced again.
• branch line provided at the outer end of the main evaporation line is arranged in the same orientation as the main evaporation line.
• "Same orientation" in the sense of the invention is to be understood as parallelism or congruence of the longitudinal axes of the main exhaust line and branch line.
• the angle of the main exhaust line with respect to the horizontal is decisively determined by the horizontal and vertical distance of the last condensation element from the turbine. Since the main evaporation line merges into the end branch line without curvature, the main evaporation line is correspondingly shorter. With this arrangement, the total weight is further reduced in total despite the last branch line which is somewhat longer.
• At least one branch line is divided into at least two sub-lines.
• the exhaust steam flow flowing through the branch line is thereby divided into two partial flows, each of which flows to a condensation element.
• the additional branching of the branch line into two or more sub-lines makes it possible to further reduce the cost of materials and to reduce the overall assembly weight.
• the sub-lines are advantageously arranged at an angle to the branch line rising obliquely. In this way the flow losses are kept as low as possible.
• the kink angles are significantly smaller than 90 °.
• a baffle plate for dividing the exhaust steam flow into partial exhaust steam flows is arranged in the area of at least one connection point of a branch line or a partial line.
• the baffle has the purpose of dividing the exhaust steam flow with the lowest possible pressure losses.
• the pressure losses in each of the partial evaporation streams are preferably identical.
• the ratio of the partial steam flows corresponds to the ratio of the distributor pipes following a connection point. If, for example, a total of five branch lines branch off from a main steam line, with equal amounts of the steam being fed to the individual distributor pipes, then 1/5 of the steam flow must be branched off at the first connection point in the flow direction.
• the inclined pipe routing of the main steam pipe enables a free supply of cooling air below the condenser elements, which, depending on the arrangement, can lead to a lower platform height and thus to a reduction in steel construction costs.
• the accessibility of the system is improved, since you can go under the main steam line.
• 3.1 and 3.2 are schematic representations of a first and second embodiment of the exhaust line according to the invention.
• FIG. 7 shows a further embodiment of the steam line according to the invention.
• FIG. 8 shows a variant of the embodiment in FIG. 7
• FIG. 1 shows, in relation to the state of the art, an exhaust steam line 1 with a horizontal main exhaust steam line 2 with branch lines 3 extending vertically upwards therefrom.
• Distribution pipes 30 of condensation elements, not shown, are connected to the upper ends of the branch lines 3.
• This configuration of an exhaust steam line 1 has the disadvantage that the individual branch lines 3 are very long and must be supported accordingly along their length. Since compensators are provided in the branch lines 3 to compensate for thermal changes in length, the individual sections of the branch lines 3 must be oriented in a position-oriented manner on the steel frame (not shown). The effort for this is not negligible.
• the total cable length is relatively large, so that significant tonnages have to be transported. The assembly effort is consequently also high.
• a horizontal length section of the main exhaust line 2 is provided in a raised position, so that the individual branch lines 3 can be made shorter.
• an at least double 90 ° bend of the main evaporation line is required in order to divert the evaporation stream emerging in the horizontal direction into the vertical length section and from the vertical length section into the horizontal length section again.
• the mass of such a blade elbow is approximately 7-201, which must be raised in the raised position. This high mass is also problematic with regard to earthquake security. Since the horizontal longitudinal section of the main steam pipe including the blade elbow has a considerable mass in the transition to the vertical longitudinal section of the main steam pipe, it is necessary to use special support structures in earthquake-prone areas in order to absorb vertical-acting earthquake impacts.
• spring supports 4 are used to compensate for the thermally induced change in length, in order to ensure adequate support of the horizontally running length section of the main evaporation line.
• additional shock brakes in the form of hydraulic dampers must be provided.
• the spring supports 4 in combination with the shock brakes are relatively complex components, since they have to be provided several times depending on the length of the main exhaust line 2 in order to ensure a uniform raising or lowering of the horizontal length section of the main exhaust line 2.
• the further spring supports 4 are indicated schematically by double broken lines.
• FIG. 3.1 shows the evaporation line 5 according to the invention, which differs from the embodiments in FIGS. 1 and 2, that is to say from the prior art, in that the main evaporation line 10 is arranged to rise at an angle W to the horizontal H in the flow direction of the evaporation.
• the angle W is 10 °.
• a total of five branch lines 6 going vertically upward are connected to the main exhaust line 10, the line cross section decreasing after each connection point 7 of a branch line 6.
• the branch line 6 on the right in the image plane is considerably shorter than the branch line 6 that goes out first in the left half of the image.
• the kink angle W1 measured between the increasing length section 9 of the main exhaust line 10 and the respective branch lines 6 is less than 90 °. In this embodiment it is 80 °.
• the resistance coefficients of the pipe branches are therefore smaller than with a 90 ° branch.
• a further advantage is that the kink angle W2 present between the horizontal length section 8 and the rising length section 9 of the main exhaust line 10 leads to very low resistance coefficients within this elbow, so that the installation of a vane elbow is not necessary.
• the exhaust steam can with a reduced total length Lines without the use of vane elbows and at the same time reduced pressure losses are fed to the condensation elements (not shown) at the upper ends of the branch lines 6.
• the rising length section 9 of the main evaporation line 10 is supported on pendulum supports 11.
• the pendulum supports 11 compensate for the thermal changes in length acting in the longitudinal direction of the rising length section 9.
• Complex spring supports and shock brakes are not necessary with this arrangement.
• the increasing length section 9 does not exert any impermissible forces on the steam turbine in the case of vertically acting earthquake loads, so that the overall design effort for an exhaust steam line 5 configured according to the invention is lower. Due to the rising course of the main evaporation line 10, a free air entry below the platform of the air-cooled condensation elements is possible. In addition, the accessibility to the entire system is improved. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, very long distances often had to be covered, since the direct path was blocked by the main evaporation line 2 arranged near the floor.
• the embodiment of FIG. 3.2 differs from that of FIG. 3.1 in that the individual branch lines 6 1 , 6 ", 6 '" are not aligned perpendicular to the horizontal, but also run at an incline.
• the slope of the increasing length section 9 of the main exhaust line or the angle W is selected such that the branch line 6 ′′ arranged at the outer end of the increasing length section 9 has the same orientation as the increasing length section 9 of the main exhaust line Figure 3.2 is indeed the angle W with respect to the horizontal H larger than in the embodiment 3.1, so that slightly higher flow losses occur in the transition area from the horizontal longitudinal section 8 to the increasing longitudinal section 9, however the angle of break designated W3 ⁇ W3 "between the increasing longitudinal section 9 and the branch lines 6 ', 6" is smaller than in the embodiment of FIG Figure 3.1, so that these flow losses at the connection points 7 of the individual branch lines 6 ', 6 ", both individually and in total, are considerably smaller.
• the line cross-section of the increasing length section 9 can be dimensioned smaller
• Each section of the rising length section 9 located between two connection points 7 is carried by a support 11 '.
• the kink angles W3 ⁇ W3 can fundamentally differ from one another.
• the kink angles W3 ', W3" to the outer end of the increasing length section 9 can become smaller and even go to zero, as shown in FIG. 3.2.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 Steam lines 12, 13, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, are also known in the prior art. These embodiments correspond essentially to the arrangements of FIGS. 1 and 2 mirrored on a vertical axis, with the difference that here a total of 4 to 12 branch lines are provided, which are connected to a central line 15 via the branches of the main evaporation lines 14 which cross in each case.
• FIG. 5 the spring supports 4 already explained in FIG. 2 are also drawn in this embodiment. The disadvantages were explained with reference to Figures 1 and 2 and also apply to this embodiment.
• a central line 16 is also provided, of which a main exhaust line 17 to the right and a main exhaust line 18 to the left with opposite directions Slope goes down.
• the individual main steam lines 17, 18 are in turn supported by supports 11, in particular pendulum supports.
• the pendulum supports 11 can also be replaced by fixed supports with a Teflon stainless steel sliding foot.
• FIG. 6.2 differs from that of FIG. 6.1, inter alia, in that the angle W between the horizontal H and the main evaporation lines 17, 18 is increased.
• the angle W is selected such that the last or end branch line 6 '"runs in alignment with the main steam line 17, 18. That is, the outer branch line 6'" has become part of the main steam line 17, 18 to a certain extent.
• Another difference is that the middle branch lines 6 ′′ of the individual main steam lines 17, 18 do not run perpendicular to the horizontal H, as is the case in FIG. 6.1, but are also inclined.
• the angle of kink between the main steam line 17, 18 and these branch lines 6 is denoted by W3". In comparison with the embodiments in FIGS.
• FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of an evaporation line 20 in which the angle W between the horizontal H and the main evaporation line 21 is increased compared to the previous embodiments.
• the main evaporation line 21 is connected directly to a central line 22 without a horizontally extending middle piece.
• the angle W is in turn chosen so that the last or end branch line 6 ′′ 'is flush with the main branch line. steam line 21 runs. Since the main evaporation line 21 rises relatively steeply in this exemplary embodiment, the kink angle W2 between the branch lines 6, 6a and the main evaporation line 21 going vertically upward from the main evaporation line 21 is very small, so that the flow losses in the connection points 7 of the main evaporation line 21 are low.
• the special feature of this embodiment is that the branch line 6a is divided into two sub-lines 23, 24, each sub-line 23, 24 each leading to a condensation element (not shown).
• the branch line 6a initially extends vertically upwards from the main exhaust line 21 to a connection point 7a.
• the partial line 24 branches off from this connection point 7a at a kink angle W4, while the other partial line 23 is continued vertically upward in a straight extension of the branch line 6a.
• the additional sub-line 24 saves a further branch line, which would have to be led to the main exhaust line 21. Particularly in the case of steeper steam lines 21, it is therefore expedient to provide additional branches or partial lines on the individual branch lines.
• FIG. 8 shows an enlarged section of the embodiment in FIG. 7.
• guide plates 25, 26, 27 are integrated in the connection points 7, 7a.
• the baffles 25, 26, 27 serve to divide the exhaust steam flow into partial exhaust steam flows in accordance with the ratio of the distributor pipes following a connection point 7, 7a.
• a total of four distributor pipes of the condensation elements are fed with exhaust steam. Accordingly, the exhaust steam flow is divided in a 1: 1 ratio at each connection point.
• the uniform division is achieved in that the guide plates 25, 26, 27 are already installed in front of the respective connection points 7, 7a within the main exhaust line 21 or the branch line 6a.
• a circular cross section of the main exhaust line 21 or the branch line 6a is thereby divided into two semicircles.
• the respective guide plate 25, 26, 27 is preferably designed in such a way that a division in terms of area is realized both in front of the respective connection point 7, 7a and in the region of the respective connection point 7, 7a. It is essential that the pressure losses of the partial steam flows in the area of the connection points 7, 7a are almost the same and the amount of steam is divided into parts of the same size.
• the respective guide plates 25, 26, 27 are configured angled.
• the respective front length region 28 of the individual guide plates 25, 26, 27 has a length L which corresponds to the diameter Di, D 2> D 3 of the main exhaust line 21 or the exhaust line 6a in front of the respective connection point 7, 7a.
• the start of a connection point 7, 7a is defined as the point of intersection of the central longitudinal axes of the respective branch line 6, 6a with the main exhaust line 21 or as the point of intersection of the partial line 24 with the branch line 6a. It can be seen that the straight course of the respective front longitudinal sections 28 of the guide plates 25, 26, 27 extends beyond this intersection before the respective rear longitudinal section 29 is set at an angle.
• the starting point of the rear longitudinal section 29 is selected such that the flow cross sections in the area of the connection points 7, 7a are as large as possible.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
• Pipeline Systems (AREA)
• Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
• Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
• Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
• Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
• Branch Pipes, Bends, And The Like (AREA)
• Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)

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  • 2003-07-08 DE DE10330659A patent/DE10330659B3/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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  • 2004-07-02 RU RU2005129703A patent/RU2298750C2/ru active
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