EP1626100A1 - Einsatzgehärtete Edelstahl-Gusslegierung und Methoden zu deren Herstellung - Google Patents

Einsatzgehärtete Edelstahl-Gusslegierung und Methoden zu deren Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1626100A1
EP1626100A1 EP05090226A EP05090226A EP1626100A1 EP 1626100 A1 EP1626100 A1 EP 1626100A1 EP 05090226 A EP05090226 A EP 05090226A EP 05090226 A EP05090226 A EP 05090226A EP 1626100 A1 EP1626100 A1 EP 1626100A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
alloy
percent
amount
weight
cast part
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05090226A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Rahbar Nasserrafi
Michael Wyte
Jose Monterrosa
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gainsmart Group Ltd a Corp of British Virgin Islands with offices at
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Gainsmart Group Ltd a Corp of British Virgin Islands with offices at
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Gainsmart Group Ltd a Corp of British Virgin Islands with offices at filed Critical Gainsmart Group Ltd a Corp of British Virgin Islands with offices at
Publication of EP1626100A1 publication Critical patent/EP1626100A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/04—Heads
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B53/00—Golf clubs
    • A63B53/04—Heads
    • A63B53/047—Heads iron-type
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B60/00—Details or accessories of golf clubs, bats, rackets or the like
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/04—Hardening by cooling below 0 degrees Celsius
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
    • C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
    • C23C8/06—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases
    • C23C8/08—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using gases only one element being applied
    • C23C8/20—Carburising
    • C23C8/22—Carburising of ferrous surfaces
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
    • A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
    • A63B2209/00—Characteristics of used materials

Definitions

  • the present application relates to hardenable stainless steels and, more particularly, to case hardened stainless steels suitable for the manufacture of golf club heads.
  • a case-hardened stainless steel part is provided.
  • the part is formed from a stainless-steel alloy, wherein the alloy generally comprises chromimum in an amount of from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy and preferably includes carbon in an amount of from about 0.13 to about 0.29 percent by weight of the alloy, manganese in an amount of up to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy, silicon in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy and molybdenum in an amount up to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy, with iron present in a remaining amount based on the total weight of the alloy.
  • the cast part preferably has an outer surface and a case that defines a first layer proximate the outer surface.
  • the cast part further comprises a core that defines a second layer distal from the outer surface.
  • the core preferably has a hardness from about HRB 80 (Rockwell Hardness B Scale) to about HRC 50 (Rockwell Hardness C Scale) and more preferably has a hardness from about HRC 20 to about HRC 34.
  • the case preferably has a hardness of not less than about HRC 30 equivalence, and more preferably has a hardness of not less than about HRC 50 equivalence. It is also preferred that the case and core each have a carbon concentration, with the carbon concentration in the case being higher than that in the core.
  • a method of making a case-hardened stainless steel part comprises providing a cast part formed from a stainless steel alloy, wherein the alloy comprises chromium, generally in an amount of from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy, and carburizing the part.
  • the carburization is conducted at a temperature of from about 1600°F to about 1900°F for a period of from about 1 hour to less than about 2 hours.
  • a method of making a golf club head is provided.
  • a steel alloy comprising chromium in an amount from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy is formed into a part having a shape of a, golf club head.
  • the part is preheated, carburized, quenched, cooled, and tempered. More preferably, it includes an outer surface and has a case defining a first layer proximate the outer surface and a core defining a second layer adjacent the first layer and distal from the outer surface, wherein the core has a hardness which is preferably from about HRB 80 to about HRC 50, and more preferably from about HRC 20 to about HRC 34.
  • the case has a hardness which is preferably not less than about HRC 30 equivalence and is more preferably not less than about HRC 50 equivalence.
  • the present invention is directed to stainless steel alloy parts and methods of making the same.
  • One particular part for which the invention is well-suited is in the manufacture of golf club heads.
  • the part is formed from a stainless steel alloy that generally comprises chromium in an amount of from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy, carbon in an amount of from about 0.13 to about 0.29 percent by weight of the alloy, manganese in an amount of up to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy, silicon in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy and molybdenum in an amount up to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy, with iron present in a remaining amount of the alloy, except for trace impurities typically found in commercial grades of stainless steels.
  • the alloy may include trace elements of up to about 0.03 weight percent sulfur, up to about 0.02 weight percent phosphorous, and up to about 0.03 wight percent nitrogen.
  • the alloy more preferably comprises chromium in an amount of from about 16.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy, carbon in an amount of from about 0.13 to about 0.24 percent by weight of the alloy, manganese in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy, molybdenum in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 0.5 percent by weight of the alloy, and silicon in an amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • the amount of chromium is from about 16.5 to about 18.0 percent by weight of the alloy, the amount of carbon is from about 0.13 to about 0.21 percent by weight of the alloy, the amount of manganese is from about 0.3 to about 0.6 percent by weight of the alloy, the amount of molybdenum is from about 0.25 to about 0.5 percent by weight of the alloy and the amount of silicon is from about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • the cast part has an outer surface and a case that defines a first layer proximate the outer surface.
  • the cast part further includes a core that defines a second layer distal from the outer surface.
  • the layers comprising the case and core are preferably defined in the part as a result of carburizing the part at a temperature of from about 1600°F to about 1900°F for a period of from about 1 hour to less than about 2 hours.
  • a carburization temperature of about 1800 °F and a carburization period of about 1 hour are especially preferred.
  • the part is preferably homogenized prior to carburization at a temperature of from about 1900°F to about 2100°F for a period of about 1 to about 4 hours.
  • a homogenization temperature of about 2100 °F and a homogenization period of about 1.5 hours are especially preferred.
  • the carburization process will modify the carbon content of the part by providing a locally higher carbon concentration closer to the outer surface of the part.
  • the weight percentages of carbon recited herein refer to the condition of the cast steel part before it is carburized.
  • the part Prior to carburizing it, the part is preferably preheated at a temperature of from about 1100°F to about 1400°F for a period commensurate with the thickness of the part, most preferably between about 30 minutes and about 1 hour. More preferably, the preheating step follows the homogenization step and precedes the carburization step. A preheat temperature of about 1200°F is especially preferred.
  • the part is also preferably quenched from the preheated temperature in a fluid, which is preferably oil.
  • the quenching more preferably follows the carburization step and is conducted at a fluid temperature of from about 100°F to about 200°F for a period of about 5 minutes to about 15 minutes. It is especially preferred to conduct the quenching at a fluid temperature of about 200°F for a period of about 10 minutes.
  • the part is preferably cooled. More preferably, the cooling follows the quenching and is conducted at a temperature of not more than about -100°F for a period of about 1 to about 3 hours. A temperature of about -100°F and a period of about 2 hours are especially preferred. It is especially preferred that the cooling be performed using known refrigeration processes.
  • the part is also preferably tempered. More preferably, the tempering follows the cooling step and is conducted at a temperature of from about 200 to about 600°F for a period of from about 1 to about 3 hours. A temperature of about 300°F and a period of about 2 hours are especially preferred. If necessary to achieve the desired core and case hardness, this tempering step can be repeated by again tempering the part at about 600°F, and if necessary, at about 1400°F.
  • the part is preferably polished after tempering.
  • the polishing generally removes from about 0.002 to about 0.006 inches, preferably removes from about 0.002 to about 0.004 inches and more preferably removes from about 0.002 to about 0.003 inches from the surface of the casting.
  • the methods and compositions disclosed herein will generally produce a core having a hardness that is preferably from about HRB 80 to about HRC 50, and more preferably from about HRC 20 to about HRC 34.
  • the methods and compositions disclosed herein will generally produce a case having a hardness that is preferably not less than about HRC 30 equivalence, and more preferably not less than about HRC 50 equivalence.
  • Parts having a core hardness in the foregoing ranges will typically have a yield strength of not more than about 125,000 psi.
  • the post-polishing thickness of the case as measured from the outer surface of the part is preferably from about 0.002 to about 0.035 inches, more preferably from about 0.002 to about 0.030 inches, and is preferably uniform throughout the part.
  • a steel alloy comprising chromium in an amount generally ranging from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent of the alloy is formed into the shape of a golf club head, preferably one with a wedge-shaped striking surface.
  • an investment casting process is used to form a mold for shaping the alloy into the shape of a golf club head.
  • the investment casting process comprises providing a temporary preform--for example, a wax preform-shaped in the form of a golf club head and surrounding the preform with a refractory slurry and refractory stucco. Several layers of slurry and stucco are preferably applied until the required thickness is obtained.
  • the completed shell is then placed into an autoclave for removal of the wax preform.
  • the shell is then placed into a preheat oven and its temperature is raised until the required temperature for pouring the steel alloy is reached.
  • the steel alloy is then melted and poured into the preheated mold. After sufficient cooling, the part is then removed from the hardened slurry mold.
  • the part is case-hardened by carburizing it, preferably after preheating it.
  • the part is preferably quenched from its preheated temperature with a fluid, preferably an oil, and then cooled.
  • the part is preferably tempered and polished following the cooling step to produce the final part.
  • Golf club 10 generally comprises a head 30 and a shaft 20 (only a portion of which is depicted in Figure 1).
  • Head 30 includes an outer surface 40.
  • Face 35 comprises a portion of outer surface 40 used to strike a golf ball.
  • Golf club heads prepared according to this embodiment of the invention will preferably comprise a case 50 defining a first layer proximate the outer surface 40. They will also preferably comprise a core 50 defining a second layer adjacent the case 50 and distal from the outer surface 40.
  • the core 60 will preferably have a hardness of from about HRB 80 to about HRC 50, and more preferably from about HRC 20 to about HRC 34.
  • the case 50 will preferably have a hardness of not less than about HRC 30 equivalence and more preferably not less than about HRC 50 equivalence.
  • head 30 will have a yield strength of not more than about 125,000 psi.
  • the post-polishing thickness of the case 50 as measured from the outer surface 40 of the part is preferably from about 0.002 to about 0.035 inches, more preferably from about 0.002 to about 0.030 inches, and is preferably uniform throughout head 30.
  • the steel alloy used for manufacturing golf club heads in accordance with this embodiment generally comprises chromium in an amount of from about 15.5 to about 18.5 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • a chromium content of about 15.5 to about 18 percent by weight of the alloy is more preferred, and a chromium content of about 16.5 to about 18 percent by weight of the alloy is especially preferred.
  • the alloy further comprises carbon in an amount of from about 0.13 to about 0.29 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • An amount of from about 0.13 to about 0.24 percent by weight of the alloy is more preferred, and an amount from about 0.13 to about 0.21 percent by weight of the alloy is especially preferred.
  • the alloy also preferably comprises manganese in an amount up to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • An amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy is more preferred, and an amount of from about 0.3 to about 0.6 percent by weight of the alloy is especially preferred.
  • the alloy preferably comprises molybdenum in an amount up to about 1 percent by weight of the alloy, and more preferably from about 0.25 to about 0.5 percent by weight of the alloy. It also preferably comprises silicon in an amount of from about 0.25 to about 1.5 percent by weight of the alloy. An amount of from about 0.3 to about 1.0 percent by weight of the alloy is more preferred, and an amount of about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent by weight of the alloy is especially preferred.
  • the invention may be better understood by the following specific examples of case-hardened stainless steel parts prepared in accordance with the present invention.
  • Table 1 are experimental results for four samples of alloys that were case-hardened in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the samples were homogenized for 1.5 hours at a temperature of 2100°F and then preheated at a temperature of 1200°F for 30 minutes.
  • the samples were then carburized at 1800°F for 1 hour.
  • the carbon potentials were set to obtain a desired case hardness of HRC 62 at a pre-polishing depth of 0.004 inches from the surface.
  • the samples were cooled at -100°F for 2 hours and tempered at 300°F for 2 hours to achieve the desired core and surface hardness.
  • the surface hardness of Samples 1 and 4 was HRC 62 at a depth of 0.004 inches from the cast surface as measured using a 500 g load (Knoop Hardness). After carburization, samples 1 and 4 were polished to remove approximately 0.004 inches of the alloy. After polishing, the samples were sectioned and the transverse microhardness of the sample surfaces was measured at various depths from the surface of the sample. Using known visual techniques, the case depth in Sample 1 was determined to be approximately 0.006 inches, and the case depth in Sample 4 was determined to be approximately 0.035 inches. As indicated in Table 2, the samples had a case hardness of greater than HRC 30 equivalence.
  • Table 2 includes the transverse microhardness results and their corresponding depths from the surface of the sample. The negative signs are used to indicate that the depths are measured from the surface of the part after polishing.
  • Table 2 Sample No. Surface Hardness and Depth (in.) Before Polishing Surface Hardness After Polishing at Depth Depth (in.) 4 HRC 62/0.004 HRC 51 -0.002 4 HRC 51 -0.003 4 HRC 38 -0.005 4 HRC 25 -0.009 4 HRB 98 -0.012 4 HRB 98 -0.016 4 HRB 98 -0.035 1 HRC 62/0.004 HRC 32 -0.012 1 HRC 32 -0.016 1 HRC 32 -0.035

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Length-Measuring Instruments Using Mechanical Means (AREA)
  • Transmission And Conversion Of Sensor Element Output (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
EP05090226A 2004-08-11 2005-07-29 Einsatzgehärtete Edelstahl-Gusslegierung und Methoden zu deren Herstellung Withdrawn EP1626100A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US10/916,653 US20060032556A1 (en) 2004-08-11 2004-08-11 Case-hardened stainless steel foundry alloy and methods of making the same

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EP1626100A1 true EP1626100A1 (de) 2006-02-15

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US (1) US20060032556A1 (de)
EP (1) EP1626100A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2006052464A (de)
CN (1) CN1733959A (de)
TW (1) TW200641155A (de)

Cited By (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3335820A3 (de) * 2016-12-13 2018-07-04 Saar-Pulvermetall GmbH Verbundkörper und verfahren zu seiner herstellung
CN117428184A (zh) * 2023-12-20 2024-01-23 厦门大鸿翰金属材料科技有限公司 一种硬质合金的制造方法

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TWI421375B (zh) * 2011-01-28 2014-01-01 Taiwan Powder Technologies Co Ltd Methods for improving the mechanical properties of non - Austrian iron - based stainless steel surfaces
CN102676980B (zh) * 2011-03-15 2014-12-17 台耀科技股份有限公司 不锈钢低温渗碳方法
US11446553B2 (en) 2013-11-05 2022-09-20 Karsten Manufacturing Corporation Club heads with bounded face to body yield strength ratio and related methods
US10695620B2 (en) * 2013-11-05 2020-06-30 Karsten Manufacturing Corporation Club heads with bounded face to body yield strength ratio and related methods
CN104141094A (zh) * 2014-07-26 2014-11-12 宁国市大泉机械有限公司 一种不锈钢铸件

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