EP1565785A2 - Flexible electronic circuits and displays - Google Patents

Flexible electronic circuits and displays

Info

Publication number
EP1565785A2
EP1565785A2 EP03790150A EP03790150A EP1565785A2 EP 1565785 A2 EP1565785 A2 EP 1565785A2 EP 03790150 A EP03790150 A EP 03790150A EP 03790150 A EP03790150 A EP 03790150A EP 1565785 A2 EP1565785 A2 EP 1565785A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
backplane
electro
optic
layer
display
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03790150A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Peter T. Kazlas
Joanna F. Au
Yu Chen
Nathan R. Kane
David John Cole
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
E Ink Corp
Original Assignee
E Ink Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by E Ink Corp filed Critical E Ink Corp
Publication of EP1565785A2 publication Critical patent/EP1565785A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/133305—Flexible substrates, e.g. plastics, organic film
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/16755—Substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/166—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect
    • G02F1/167—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field characterised by the electro-optical or magneto-optical effect by electrophoresis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/1679—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells
    • G02F1/1681—Gaskets; Spacers; Sealing of cells; Filling or closing of cells having two or more microcells partitioned by walls, e.g. of microcup type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1685—Operation of cells; Circuit arrangements affecting the entire cell
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass and not covered by groups H10K10/80, H10K30/80, H10K50/80 or H10K59/80
    • H10K77/10—Substrates, e.g. flexible substrates
    • H10K77/111—Flexible substrates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/165—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on translational movement of particles in a fluid under the influence of an applied field
    • G02F1/1675—Constructional details
    • G02F1/16757—Microcapsules
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
    • G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
    • G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • encapsulated electrophoretic media comprise numerous small capsules, each of which itself comprises an internal phase containing electrophoretically-mobile particles suspended in a liquid suspension medium, and a capsule wall surrounding the internal phase.
  • the capsules are themselves held within a polymeric binder to form a coherent layer positioned between two electrodes.
  • Encapsulated media of this type are described, for example, in U.S. Patents Nos.
  • polymer-dispersed electrophoretic media are regarded as subspecies of encapsulated electrophoretic media.
  • An encapsulated electrophoretic display typically does not suffer from the clustering and settling failure mode of traditional electrophoretic devices and provides further advantages, such as the ability to print or coat the display on a wide variety of flexible and rigid substrates.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a backplane for use in an electro-optic display, this backplane using a metal substrate but being lighter in weight than the metal-based substrates described above.
  • the present invention provides processes which permit the assembly of electro-optic displays on curved substrates while reducing or eliminating the aforementioned problems.
  • This invention extends to an electro-optic display comprising a backplane of the present invention, especially such an electro-optic display comprising an encapsulated electrophoretic electro-optic medium.
  • this invention provides a process for forming a plurality of electronic components on a polymeric material coating a . metal substrate, the process comprising forming a plurality of discrete areas of polymeric material on the metal substrate and thereafter forming the plurality of electronic components on the discrete areas of polymeric material.
  • this aspect of the invention may hereinafter be called the "mesa process".
  • a continuous layer of the polymeric material may be formed on the metal substrate and thereafter this continuous layer may be divided to form the discrete areas of polymeric material.
  • at least some of the edges of the discrete areas of polymeric material are undercut; such undercutting of the edges of the discrete areas of polymeric material may be effected by an etching step.
  • this invention provides a process for forming an electro-optic display on a substrate curved in one dimension, the process comprising: providing a backplane having at least one pixel electrode, the backplane being curved in one dimension; applying to the backplane a laminate comprising a layer of electro- optic medium and a light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer, the laminate being applied so that the electro-optic medium lies between the backplane and the electrically-conductive layer; and bonding the laminate to the backplane under heat and/or pressure.
  • this invention provides a process for forming an electro-optic display on a substrate curved in one dimension, the process comprising: providing a backplane having at least one pixel electrode, the backplane being curved in one dimension; providing a double release film comprising a layer of a solid electro-optic medium having first and second adhesive layers on opposed sides thereof, at least one of the adhesive layer being covered by a release sheet; exposing one of the first and second adhesive layers and laminating the double release sheet to the backplane; and exposing the other of the first and second adhesive layers and laminating the exposed adhesive layer to an electrically-conductive layer.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic cross-section through a first patterned metal foil backplane of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic cross-section through a second patterned metal foil backplane of the present invention.
  • Figures 5A-5D are schematic cross-sections showing different stages in the formation of a conductive via backplane of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic cross-section through a one transistor of a controlled voltage conductive layer backplane of the present invention.
  • the present invention has several different aspects providing improvements in backplanes for electro-optic displays, and processes for the formation of such backplanes and displays.
  • backplanes for electro-optic displays
  • processes for the formation of such backplanes and displays For ease of comprehension, the various different aspects of the invention will hereinafter be described separately, but it should be understood that a single backplane or display may make use of more than one aspect of the invention; for example, the ID- curved processes of the invention may be carried out using a patterned metal foil backplane of the invention.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a sheet 300 comprising multiple backplanes 302 arranged to that the electronic component area of each backplane 302 lies entirely within one cell of the metal foil grid; in the illustrated embodiment, the electronic component area lies within a single aperture in the grid.
  • the metal foil mesh effectively frames each individual backplane throughout the process used to form the electronic components, and as a result the dimensional instability of the polymeric material which supports the electronic components is restricted to the area within one aperture of the mesh.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a sheet 400 comprising a single backplane 402 which is substantially larger in both dimensions than one cell of the metal foil grid so that the backplane 402 extends across several cells in each dimension.
  • the dimensional stability of the backplane will be essentially the same as that of a comparable backplane formed on a continuous metal foil, but the backplane of Figure 4 will be of substantially lower weight.
  • the conductive via backplane of the present invention is especially, but not exclusively, intended for use in so-called "smart cards".
  • the electronic components on the front surface of the card can serve to drive an electro-optic display, while the patterned metal layer and associated circuitry on the reverse side of the card can serve as antenna loops, signal lines and other components for communicating between the card and a card reading/writing apparatus.
  • FIG. 6 of the accompanying drawings is a schematic cross-section through a section (generally designated 600) of a backplane of the present invention, the section 600 containing only a single transistor.
  • the backplane comprises a metal foil 602 and a polymeric material insulating layer 604.
  • the transistor which is of the thin film type and is formed directly on the exposed surface of the polymeric material 604 comprises a gate electrode 606, a gate dielectric layer 608 formed of silicon nitride, an amorphous silicon semiconductor layer 610 and source and drain electrodes 612 and 614 respectively, layers of n + amorphous silicon 612' and 614' being provided between the source and drain electrodes respectively and the semiconductor layer 610 in the conventional manner.
  • the semiconductor layer 610 extends continuously between adjacent transistors as described in the aforementioned WO 00/67327.
  • the metal foil 602 is made of a metal (for example, some stainless steel) which does not have high conductivity, a thin layer of a more conductive metal, for example, aluminum may be formed on the foil 602 before the polymeric material 604 is deposited thereon.
  • the more conductive layer serves to improve the voltage uniformity across the metal foil during operation of the display.
  • the mesa process of the present invention provides a method for reducing thin film strain and this film cracking during the formation of arrays of electronic components (especially, but not exclusively, backplanes for electro-optic displays) when such arrays are being formed on polymer-coated metal substrates.
  • Figures 8A and 8B illustrate such an "over-etching" process.
  • Figure 8A shows a structure 800 generally similar to that of Figure 7, but at an intermediate state of fabrication of the backplanes 706, in which a thin film 802 has been deposited on the substrate 702 carrying the mesas 704.
  • the thin film 802 extends not only across the tops of the mesas 704 but also between adjacent mesas, thus bridging the mesas and increasing thin film strain (it will be appreciate that the thin film 802 will be present not only between the two mesas 704 but also on the other exposed portions of the substrate 702 adjacent the edges thereof; however, this portion of thin film 802 is omitted from Figures 8A and 8B for ease of comprehension).
  • FIG. 9 shows an electro-optic display (generally designated 900) having a central portion 902 comprising an electro-optic material on which an image is displayed.
  • the central portion 902 is completely surrounded by a peripheral portion 904, which is free from the electro-optic material but which is provided with a plurality of apertures 906 by means of which the electro-optic display can be stitched to a fabric or other flexible material.
  • the display 900 comprises a metal foil substrate 908 through the peripheral portion of which pass the apertures 906.
  • the upper surface (in Figure 10) of the substrate 908 is covered with a layer of polymeric material 910, on the upper surface of which is formed a TFT array 912 which forms the backplane of the display 900.
  • a layer of electro-optic material 914 is disposed on the TFT array
  • the stitchable displays of the present invention are useful not only for electro-optic displays intended for application to clothing, but may also be useful in the construction of large area flexible displays formed from multiple "tiles" (smaller displays).
  • the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer 1006 will be much thinner relative to the other layers than illustrated in Figure 12, but will be provided upon a transparent substrate (not shown).
  • the electrically-conductive layer 1006 could have the form of a layer of indium tin oxide (ITO) or a conductive polymer formed on a polymeric film; ITO- coated polymeric films are available commercially and may be used as the electrically-conductive layer 1006 and the transparent substrate.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • the transparent substrate provides mechanical support and protection for the relatively thin and fragile electrically-conductive layer 1006.
  • an encapsulated electro-optic material is sprayed or printed on to the surface of the backplane 1200; in most cases, the resultant electro-optic medium layer 1202 will need to be dried or cured to from a coherent layer.
  • the encapsulated electro-optic material may be sprayed or printed in wet or dry form, for example in the form of a slurry or an aerosol.
  • Single or multiple layers of electro-optic material may be applied to the backplane 1200 before the final layer is dried or cured. Additional low stress under-fill resins or other polymeric binders can be applied before or after drying or curing to fill voids in the coating or to locally planarize the coating surface.
  • the light-transmissive electrically-conductive layer 1204 is superposed thereon by spraying or printing an appropriate material, which may be sprayed or printed in wet or dry form, for example in the form of a slurry or an aerosol; in some cases, drying or curing of the material may be required to form a coherent layer.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Devices For Indicating Variable Information By Combining Individual Elements (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)
  • Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
  • Thin Film Transistor (AREA)
  • Liquid Crystal (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
EP03790150A 2002-11-26 2003-11-26 Flexible electronic circuits and displays Withdrawn EP1565785A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US31973202P 2002-11-26 2002-11-26
US319732P 2002-11-26
US48139603P 2003-09-18 2003-09-18
US481396P 2003-09-18
PCT/US2003/038009 WO2004049045A2 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-26 Flexible electronic circuits and displays

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1565785A2 true EP1565785A2 (en) 2005-08-24

Family

ID=32396748

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03790150A Withdrawn EP1565785A2 (en) 2002-11-26 2003-11-26 Flexible electronic circuits and displays

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1565785A2 (ko)
JP (6) JP4885541B2 (ko)
KR (3) KR100955438B1 (ko)
AU (1) AU2003293161A1 (ko)
WO (1) WO2004049045A2 (ko)

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US7327511B2 (en) 2004-03-23 2008-02-05 E Ink Corporation Light modulators
US7034783B2 (en) 2003-08-19 2006-04-25 E Ink Corporation Method for controlling electro-optic display
US7173752B2 (en) 2003-11-05 2007-02-06 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays, and materials for use therein
WO2005054933A2 (en) 2003-11-26 2005-06-16 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays with reduced remnant voltage
JP2006119495A (ja) * 2004-10-25 2006-05-11 Toppan Printing Co Ltd 電子ディスプレイ
EP1891689A2 (en) * 2005-05-31 2008-02-27 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Flexible display device
KR100879207B1 (ko) * 2005-12-30 2009-01-16 주식회사 엘지화학 플렉시블 디스플레이장치 및 이의 제조방법
US7733554B2 (en) * 2006-03-08 2010-06-08 E Ink Corporation Electro-optic displays, and materials and methods for production thereof
GB0612777D0 (en) * 2006-06-28 2006-08-09 Polymertronics Ltd Multi-layered ultra-violet cured organic electronic device
KR101359916B1 (ko) * 2007-05-08 2014-02-10 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 가요성 표시 장치의 제조 방법
KR101483193B1 (ko) * 2008-04-22 2015-01-16 주성엔지니어링(주) 박막 패터닝 방법 및 이를 이용한 전기 광학 소자
JP2011013554A (ja) * 2009-07-03 2011-01-20 Takao Hayashi 電子ペーパー、外観可変装置、外観可変構造体
JP5757083B2 (ja) 2010-12-01 2015-07-29 セイコーエプソン株式会社 薄膜トランジスタ形成用基板、半導体装置、電気装置
KR101878251B1 (ko) * 2011-04-08 2018-07-13 삼성전자주식회사 굽힘 감지 센서 및 그를 제조하는 방법
WO2018130278A1 (en) * 2017-01-11 2018-07-19 Applied Materials, Inc. Method and apparatus for processing a substrate
CN106935720B (zh) * 2017-03-13 2019-06-14 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 显示基板、显示面板、显示设备和制造其的方法
JP2019078793A (ja) * 2017-10-20 2019-05-23 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ 表示装置
KR20220094196A (ko) * 2019-11-04 2022-07-05 이 잉크 코포레이션 광 투과성 기판 및 전기영동 매체를 포함하는 3차원, 컬러-변화 오브젝트들

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