EP1559847A1 - Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung - Google Patents

Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1559847A1
EP1559847A1 EP05102789A EP05102789A EP1559847A1 EP 1559847 A1 EP1559847 A1 EP 1559847A1 EP 05102789 A EP05102789 A EP 05102789A EP 05102789 A EP05102789 A EP 05102789A EP 1559847 A1 EP1559847 A1 EP 1559847A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
cross
end portion
anchoring
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05102789A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1559847B1 (de
Inventor
Herve Belbeoc'h
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSL International Ltd
Original Assignee
VSL International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VSL International Ltd filed Critical VSL International Ltd
Priority to EP05102789.4A priority Critical patent/EP1559847B1/de
Publication of EP1559847A1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847A1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1559847B1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847B1/de
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of engineering anchors including blind anchorages which are accessible only to one person side.
  • an anchor head of a tension element prestressed or not it is not possible to access the anchor from the rear.
  • access to anchoring being only possible from the surface of the ground, or in the case where sealing or corrosion protection must be specially treated causing the rear side of the anchor to be closed.
  • This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the attachment of the tension element to the plate, for example using anchoring cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.
  • Patent EP-0,351,582 shows an anchor accessible from a only side; the disadvantage of the device described here being that each element of voltage, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained only by longitudinal adhesion, which strongly limits the effort of traction that can support such anchoring and leads to an anchor length very important to obtain a sufficient adhesion surface.
  • US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides a tube for sheathing tension elements maintained only by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The elements of tension protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the way in which the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as the way the elements of voltage are attached to said plate are not described. In case this form execution would be feasible, the transmission of the anchoring effort of the end tension elements in the surrounding soil through the cladding tube injected is made only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the corner effect as described in the invention below.
  • the document DE-A-44 37 104 relates to the realization of an anchorage more than one tension element, said anchorage being accessible only by a only side.
  • This technique has its advantages, but the retention of the elements of tension in the cavity is ensured only by the sealing material.
  • the document CH 300 486 relates to a tension element intended making an anchor in concrete.
  • This tension element consists of a traction rod, one of which end intended to be anchored in concrete is provided with a portion whose cross-section is, at two spaced points, greater than the cross section of the pull rod.
  • the type of tension element is not suitable for making a anchoring in a cavity accessible from one side by an elongate conduit.
  • the irregular shape of the extremity portion can generate untimely blockages during the successive introduction of the elements of voltage.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a tension element who remedies this inconvenience.
  • an anchoring cavity of determined form is essentially oblong, tapered, with an open first end, on the accessible side of the anchor and a closed second end, on the non-accessible side of anchoring.
  • the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be smaller than another cross section of the cavity, that this section corresponds to that of the second end or to a section intermediate of the cavity.
  • a first means consists in using an anchor piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in FIG. Figure 1.
  • the anchoring piece 1 consists essentially of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11.
  • a first end of the anchor piece 1, ie the upper end of the piece in the figure comprises an opening 12, as well as means 13 for securing a sheath tubular protection of the elements of tension whose utility will be described later.
  • the other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14.
  • the external shape of the anchoring piece 1, respectively of the internal cavity 11 is essentially tapered, for example truncated cone or pyramid, with the weakest straight section near the opening 12 and the cross section the strongest close to the bottom wall 14.
  • An intake port 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, an injection tube 16 being fixed or can be attached to said inlet port.
  • an orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, a tube discharge 18 being fixed or attachable to said discharge port. usefulness these orifices and tubes will be described below.
  • the surface tapered exterior, respectively truncated cone or pyramid, of the piece anchor 1 comprises one or more anchor rings 19 disposed on the periphery of said surface, the purpose of which is to improve the transmission and distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure.
  • the form embodiment shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19.
  • the piece Anchor 1 may be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions depending essentially on the importance of the anchorage considered.
  • FIG. 2A shows the first step of the manufacturing process of a anchoring according to the invention using such an anchor. While surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed exactly where the anchorage is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards the future elements of tension. Anchor part 1 is kept in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by irons 20 of the reinforcement of the concrete. Preferably, but without this being essential to the invention is arranged around the anchor 1 or several circular irons 21 forming one or more frets, in order to improve the cohesion of the concrete in this place.
  • a cavity 11, of determined shape, inside a structure As previously described, this cavity 11 has been obtained in using an anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity.
  • One and the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained from other ways, for example by making it on the spot. For example, we can provide a removable formwork, made of wood or other material, having a shape external to the desired shape of the cavity 11, placed at the desired location and around which the concrete structure 2 is then cast. As soon as hardening concrete, the formwork is disassembled by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 by the same opening.
  • the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This last drilling method is rather reserved for cases of anchoring directly into the ground or for the installation of a new anchorage on a existing structure 2.
  • the cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passing surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).
  • the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concretely known, over the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a conduit or a cladding tube 30 of which one end comes next to the opening 12 to be attached to the means of fastening 13 adjacent to said opening.
  • the cross section of the tube sheathing 30 or conduit arranged in the structural element 3 for the tension elements basically corresponds to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11.
  • the sheath tube 30 or the corresponding conduit arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being disposed of preferably near the end of the tube 30 near the opening 12, same as at least one discharge port connected to an evacuation tube, at least one of said discharge ports being disposed near the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the structure 3.
  • the fourth step, shown in Figure 2D, is to introduce the tension elements.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show, by way of non-limiting examples, four forms of execution of such tension element 4.
  • the tension element 4 essentially consists of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41.
  • the end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said portion end 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross-sectional area S40 of the pull rod 40, this for the reasons that will be explained below.
  • the other end of the stem traction 40 has no end portion of this type and is constituted for normal anchoring, known in the art.
  • the pull rod 40 can be of any known type, being consisting of either a single strand or a plurality of strands assembled helically to form a traction cable.
  • the unitary strand or strands assembled to form the pull rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably a steel with high tensile strength or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.
  • the end portion 41 may consist of an end piece 41, metal or synthetic material that is securely attached to the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the choice of the material of the end piece 41 and that its mode of attachment to the traction rod 40 depends essentially on the material and the manner in which the pull rod 40 is constituted.
  • end piece 41 essentially comprises a central body 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44.
  • the central body can have a straight cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section as on 3A or polygonal or a tapered shape truncated cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as in the figure 3B.
  • the weakest section is adjacent to the upper portion 43.
  • the two portions 43 and 44 are of preferably curved or formed of inclined planes, so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion being installed on another portion end already installed, as will be seen below.
  • the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the rod 40.
  • FIGS. 3C and 3D show examples of portions extremities of this type.
  • the traction rod 40 is constituted of a single strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, by example by forging, punching or stamping, from the end of the stem of 40.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of an end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 consisting of assembled strands.
  • the end of each strand has been removed from its normal position, a ring or a ligature can be provided just before this separation to prevent undocking the rest of the traction cable.
  • the separated ends of strands can be held in position by a complementary piece of 45, for example a welded or fixed circular disc of any way under the strands spread apart or so can be left free.
  • the part holding the spaced strands can consist of an element in the form of two conical contiguous portions by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands for remove them, while the second conical portion has the same use as the lower portion 44 described above. So, in any form execution of the end portion 41, it may also have a shape circular or polygonal and include the upper and lower portions 43 and 44 as previously described.
  • end pieces 41 or portions deformed ends 41 are not limiting both in their shape and their means of obtaining; any means to increase the area of the section transverse portion of the end portion of the pull rod 40 may be considered.
  • Figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape that can be provided on the upper portions 43 and lower 44 of the room 41.
  • Figure 2F shows that after a number of elements of have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it is sufficient for the tension element in question subsequently fulfills its full role, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it stops against one or more pieces already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.
  • the elements of voltage 4 are each subjected to traction until reaching the value of prestressing tension prescribed.
  • This traction is done in a manner conventional, acting on the other end of each voltage element 4, respectively of each pull rod 40, the tension elements being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively the hardened mass in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are recessed allows effective corner anchoring in the surrounding concrete structure 2.
  • this wedge shape prevents any axial displacement of the cured mass 5 and causes a transmission of the anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchorage is therefore favorably reduced.
  • (N x S41) * represents general the surface generated by the envelope of the beam of N parts assembled ends, each having a cross sectional area S41.
  • the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 shall be dimensioned for locking the end pieces 41 when the effort traction is exerted simultaneously on all the tensioning elements 4.
  • stage of pretension tension elements 4 can be made differently than described, especially in the case of a simple unspecified guying.
  • space empty inside the cladding tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 may be filled with another material of sealing 60 by the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection orifice (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the alleged system and to prevent corrosion pretension elements.
  • This last step is also optional, dependent if such protection 6 is required or necessary.
  • This type of anchorage is particularly suitable for anchoring prestressed of a prestressed structural element 3. It may also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as stay cables of a mast or a pylon, the stays may not be protected by a protective tube 30.
  • a drilling in the ground or in rock to obtain a required cavity can also be expected.
  • the description was made for a cavity whose axis longitudinal is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometrical arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 to be adapted to obtain a sufficient filling of the cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.
EP05102789.4A 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verankerung, Verankerungsteil und Spannelement zu diesem Zweck
EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung

Related Parent Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Division EP0935034B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verankerung, Verankerungsteil und Spannelement zu diesem Zweck

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1559847A1 true EP1559847A1 (de) 2005-08-03
EP1559847B1 EP1559847B1 (de) 2020-03-25

Family

ID=8235928

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Spannelement zur Herstellung einer Verankerung
EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verankerung, Verankerungsteil und Spannelement zu diesem Zweck

Family Applications After (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (de) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verankerung, Verankerungsteil und Spannelement zu diesem Zweck

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (3) US6216403B1 (de)
EP (2) EP1559847B1 (de)
JP (1) JP3215381B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100385237B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1152995C (de)
AU (1) AU748723B2 (de)
DE (1) DE69837524T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2285752T3 (de)
HK (1) HK1022007A1 (de)
NO (1) NO323179B1 (de)

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CN101892745B (zh) * 2010-07-07 2011-07-27 中建六局工业设备安装有限公司 大型预应力钢拉索高空有障碍穿越就位方法
CN102953334B (zh) * 2011-08-27 2016-03-16 上海浦江缆索股份有限公司 管膨胀密封型拉索及其使用方法
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US20020078643A1 (en) 2002-06-27
NO990557D0 (no) 1999-02-05
DE69837524D1 (de) 2007-05-24
EP0935034A1 (de) 1999-08-11
ES2285752T3 (es) 2007-11-16
DE69837524T2 (de) 2007-12-20
KR19990072472A (ko) 1999-09-27
CN1152995C (zh) 2004-06-09
NO323179B1 (no) 2007-01-15
JP2000064434A (ja) 2000-02-29
EP0935034B1 (de) 2007-04-11
KR100385237B1 (ko) 2003-05-23
AU1318499A (en) 1999-08-26
CN1225969A (zh) 1999-08-18
EP1559847B1 (de) 2020-03-25
JP3215381B2 (ja) 2001-10-02
US6216403B1 (en) 2001-04-17
HK1022007A1 (en) 2000-07-21
NO990557L (no) 1999-08-10
AU748723B2 (en) 2002-06-13
US20010007185A1 (en) 2001-07-12

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