EP1559847A1 - Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring - Google Patents

Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1559847A1
EP1559847A1 EP05102789A EP05102789A EP1559847A1 EP 1559847 A1 EP1559847 A1 EP 1559847A1 EP 05102789 A EP05102789 A EP 05102789A EP 05102789 A EP05102789 A EP 05102789A EP 1559847 A1 EP1559847 A1 EP 1559847A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
cross
end portion
anchoring
section
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05102789A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1559847B1 (en
Inventor
Herve Belbeoc'h
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VSL International Ltd
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VSL International Ltd
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Publication date
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Priority to EP05102789.4A priority Critical patent/EP1559847B1/en
Publication of EP1559847A1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Publication of EP1559847B1 publication Critical patent/EP1559847B1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of engineering anchors including blind anchorages which are accessible only to one person side.
  • an anchor head of a tension element prestressed or not it is not possible to access the anchor from the rear.
  • access to anchoring being only possible from the surface of the ground, or in the case where sealing or corrosion protection must be specially treated causing the rear side of the anchor to be closed.
  • This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the attachment of the tension element to the plate, for example using anchoring cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.
  • Patent EP-0,351,582 shows an anchor accessible from a only side; the disadvantage of the device described here being that each element of voltage, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained only by longitudinal adhesion, which strongly limits the effort of traction that can support such anchoring and leads to an anchor length very important to obtain a sufficient adhesion surface.
  • US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides a tube for sheathing tension elements maintained only by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The elements of tension protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the way in which the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as the way the elements of voltage are attached to said plate are not described. In case this form execution would be feasible, the transmission of the anchoring effort of the end tension elements in the surrounding soil through the cladding tube injected is made only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the corner effect as described in the invention below.
  • the document DE-A-44 37 104 relates to the realization of an anchorage more than one tension element, said anchorage being accessible only by a only side.
  • This technique has its advantages, but the retention of the elements of tension in the cavity is ensured only by the sealing material.
  • the document CH 300 486 relates to a tension element intended making an anchor in concrete.
  • This tension element consists of a traction rod, one of which end intended to be anchored in concrete is provided with a portion whose cross-section is, at two spaced points, greater than the cross section of the pull rod.
  • the type of tension element is not suitable for making a anchoring in a cavity accessible from one side by an elongate conduit.
  • the irregular shape of the extremity portion can generate untimely blockages during the successive introduction of the elements of voltage.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a tension element who remedies this inconvenience.
  • an anchoring cavity of determined form is essentially oblong, tapered, with an open first end, on the accessible side of the anchor and a closed second end, on the non-accessible side of anchoring.
  • the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be smaller than another cross section of the cavity, that this section corresponds to that of the second end or to a section intermediate of the cavity.
  • a first means consists in using an anchor piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in FIG. Figure 1.
  • the anchoring piece 1 consists essentially of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11.
  • a first end of the anchor piece 1, ie the upper end of the piece in the figure comprises an opening 12, as well as means 13 for securing a sheath tubular protection of the elements of tension whose utility will be described later.
  • the other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14.
  • the external shape of the anchoring piece 1, respectively of the internal cavity 11 is essentially tapered, for example truncated cone or pyramid, with the weakest straight section near the opening 12 and the cross section the strongest close to the bottom wall 14.
  • An intake port 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, an injection tube 16 being fixed or can be attached to said inlet port.
  • an orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, a tube discharge 18 being fixed or attachable to said discharge port. usefulness these orifices and tubes will be described below.
  • the surface tapered exterior, respectively truncated cone or pyramid, of the piece anchor 1 comprises one or more anchor rings 19 disposed on the periphery of said surface, the purpose of which is to improve the transmission and distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure.
  • the form embodiment shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19.
  • the piece Anchor 1 may be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions depending essentially on the importance of the anchorage considered.
  • FIG. 2A shows the first step of the manufacturing process of a anchoring according to the invention using such an anchor. While surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed exactly where the anchorage is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards the future elements of tension. Anchor part 1 is kept in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by irons 20 of the reinforcement of the concrete. Preferably, but without this being essential to the invention is arranged around the anchor 1 or several circular irons 21 forming one or more frets, in order to improve the cohesion of the concrete in this place.
  • a cavity 11, of determined shape, inside a structure As previously described, this cavity 11 has been obtained in using an anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity.
  • One and the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained from other ways, for example by making it on the spot. For example, we can provide a removable formwork, made of wood or other material, having a shape external to the desired shape of the cavity 11, placed at the desired location and around which the concrete structure 2 is then cast. As soon as hardening concrete, the formwork is disassembled by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 by the same opening.
  • the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This last drilling method is rather reserved for cases of anchoring directly into the ground or for the installation of a new anchorage on a existing structure 2.
  • the cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passing surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).
  • the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concretely known, over the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a conduit or a cladding tube 30 of which one end comes next to the opening 12 to be attached to the means of fastening 13 adjacent to said opening.
  • the cross section of the tube sheathing 30 or conduit arranged in the structural element 3 for the tension elements basically corresponds to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11.
  • the sheath tube 30 or the corresponding conduit arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being disposed of preferably near the end of the tube 30 near the opening 12, same as at least one discharge port connected to an evacuation tube, at least one of said discharge ports being disposed near the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the structure 3.
  • the fourth step, shown in Figure 2D, is to introduce the tension elements.
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show, by way of non-limiting examples, four forms of execution of such tension element 4.
  • the tension element 4 essentially consists of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41.
  • the end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said portion end 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross-sectional area S40 of the pull rod 40, this for the reasons that will be explained below.
  • the other end of the stem traction 40 has no end portion of this type and is constituted for normal anchoring, known in the art.
  • the pull rod 40 can be of any known type, being consisting of either a single strand or a plurality of strands assembled helically to form a traction cable.
  • the unitary strand or strands assembled to form the pull rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably a steel with high tensile strength or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.
  • the end portion 41 may consist of an end piece 41, metal or synthetic material that is securely attached to the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the choice of the material of the end piece 41 and that its mode of attachment to the traction rod 40 depends essentially on the material and the manner in which the pull rod 40 is constituted.
  • end piece 41 essentially comprises a central body 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44.
  • the central body can have a straight cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section as on 3A or polygonal or a tapered shape truncated cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as in the figure 3B.
  • the weakest section is adjacent to the upper portion 43.
  • the two portions 43 and 44 are of preferably curved or formed of inclined planes, so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion being installed on another portion end already installed, as will be seen below.
  • the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the rod 40.
  • FIGS. 3C and 3D show examples of portions extremities of this type.
  • the traction rod 40 is constituted of a single strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, by example by forging, punching or stamping, from the end of the stem of 40.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of an end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 consisting of assembled strands.
  • the end of each strand has been removed from its normal position, a ring or a ligature can be provided just before this separation to prevent undocking the rest of the traction cable.
  • the separated ends of strands can be held in position by a complementary piece of 45, for example a welded or fixed circular disc of any way under the strands spread apart or so can be left free.
  • the part holding the spaced strands can consist of an element in the form of two conical contiguous portions by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands for remove them, while the second conical portion has the same use as the lower portion 44 described above. So, in any form execution of the end portion 41, it may also have a shape circular or polygonal and include the upper and lower portions 43 and 44 as previously described.
  • end pieces 41 or portions deformed ends 41 are not limiting both in their shape and their means of obtaining; any means to increase the area of the section transverse portion of the end portion of the pull rod 40 may be considered.
  • Figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape that can be provided on the upper portions 43 and lower 44 of the room 41.
  • Figure 2F shows that after a number of elements of have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it is sufficient for the tension element in question subsequently fulfills its full role, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it stops against one or more pieces already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.
  • the elements of voltage 4 are each subjected to traction until reaching the value of prestressing tension prescribed.
  • This traction is done in a manner conventional, acting on the other end of each voltage element 4, respectively of each pull rod 40, the tension elements being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively the hardened mass in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are recessed allows effective corner anchoring in the surrounding concrete structure 2.
  • this wedge shape prevents any axial displacement of the cured mass 5 and causes a transmission of the anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchorage is therefore favorably reduced.
  • (N x S41) * represents general the surface generated by the envelope of the beam of N parts assembled ends, each having a cross sectional area S41.
  • the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 shall be dimensioned for locking the end pieces 41 when the effort traction is exerted simultaneously on all the tensioning elements 4.
  • stage of pretension tension elements 4 can be made differently than described, especially in the case of a simple unspecified guying.
  • space empty inside the cladding tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 may be filled with another material of sealing 60 by the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection orifice (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the alleged system and to prevent corrosion pretension elements.
  • This last step is also optional, dependent if such protection 6 is required or necessary.
  • This type of anchorage is particularly suitable for anchoring prestressed of a prestressed structural element 3. It may also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as stay cables of a mast or a pylon, the stays may not be protected by a protective tube 30.
  • a drilling in the ground or in rock to obtain a required cavity can also be expected.
  • the description was made for a cavity whose axis longitudinal is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometrical arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 to be adapted to obtain a sufficient filling of the cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.

Abstract

The tension unit (4) has an end portion (41) comprising a central portion (42) of tapered shape and limited by an upper portion (43) and a lower portion (44). The end portion has a cross-section surface (S41) adjacent to the lower portion and greater than cross-section surface (S40) of a draw bar (40). The end portion has a small cross-section surface adjacent to the upper portion.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des ancrages en génie civil, notamment les ancrages borgnes qui ne sont accessibles que d'un seul côté.The present invention relates to the field of engineering anchors including blind anchorages which are accessible only to one person side.

Le présent texte a été présenté en tant que demande divisionnaire constituée sur la base de la demande de brevet européen EP98810096.2, notamment relative à un procédé de confection d'un ancrage.This text has been submitted as a divisional application constituted on the basis of the European patent application EP98810096.2, particularly relating to a method of making an anchor.

Pour certains ancrages, d'une tête d'ancrage d'un élément de tension précontraint ou non, il n'est pas possible d'accéder à l'ancrage par l'arrière. On rencontre ce cas notamment dans le cas d'un ancrage enterré, l'accès à l'ancrage étant seulement possible depuis la surface du sol, ou dans le cas où une étanchéité ou une protection anticorrosion doit être spécialement soignée faisant que le côté arrière de l'ancrage doit être fermé. Cette contrainte empêche l'utilisation d'une plaque d'ancrage traditionnelle où la fixation de l'élément de tension à la plaque, à l'aide par exemple de cônes d'ancrage, nécessite le développement de nouveaux types d'ancrage.For some anchors, an anchor head of a tension element prestressed or not, it is not possible to access the anchor from the rear. We this case, particularly in the case of a buried anchorage, access to anchoring being only possible from the surface of the ground, or in the case where sealing or corrosion protection must be specially treated causing the rear side of the anchor to be closed. This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the attachment of the tension element to the plate, for example using anchoring cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.

Le brevet EP-0.351.582 montre un ancrage accessible depuis un seul côté; l'inconvénient du dispositif décrit ici étant que chaque élément de tension, respectivement le tube dans lequel ils sont introduits, est maintenu uniquement par adhérence longitudinale, ce qui limite fortement l'effort de traction que peut supporter un tel ancrage et conduit à une longueur d'ancrage très importante pour obtenir une surface d'adhérence suffisante. De même le brevet US-4.043.133 prévoit un tube de gainage des éléments de tension maintenu uniquement par adhérence longitudinale dans le sol environnant. Les éléments de tension dépassent de l'extrémité inférieure du tube et sont tous attachés à une plaque d'ancrage, sans que la manière dont cette dernière plaque est introduite dans la cavité ainsi que la manière dont les éléments de tension sont fixés à ladite plaque ne soient décrites. Dans le cas où cette forme d'exécution serait réalisable, la transmission de l'effort d'ancrage de l'extrémité des éléments de tension dans le sol environnant au travers du tube de gainage injecté est réalisée uniquement par adhérence longitudinale, sans bénéficier de l'effet de coin tel que décrit dans l'invention ci-après.Patent EP-0,351,582 shows an anchor accessible from a only side; the disadvantage of the device described here being that each element of voltage, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained only by longitudinal adhesion, which strongly limits the effort of traction that can support such anchoring and leads to an anchor length very important to obtain a sufficient adhesion surface. Likewise US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides a tube for sheathing tension elements maintained only by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The elements of tension protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the way in which the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as the way the elements of voltage are attached to said plate are not described. In case this form execution would be feasible, the transmission of the anchoring effort of the end tension elements in the surrounding soil through the cladding tube injected is made only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the corner effect as described in the invention below.

Le document DE-A- 44 37 104 est relatif à la réalisation d'un ancrage de plus d'un élément de tension, ledit ancrage n'étant accessible que par un seul côté.The document DE-A-44 37 104 relates to the realization of an anchorage more than one tension element, said anchorage being accessible only by a only side.

La réalisation d'un ancrage décrit dans ce document comprend:

  • la confection d'une cavité dans une structure environnante, ladite cavité ayant une forme essentiellement oblongue et possédant deux extrémités, la surface de la section droite de l'extrémité disposée du côté accessible de l'ancrage étant inférieure à la surface de la section droite d'une autre portion de la cavité, la cavité comportant une ouverture du côté accessible de l'ancrage,
  • l'insertion successive par l'ouverture d'une extrémité de chacun des éléments de tension, chacun desdits éléments de tension étant constitué d'une tige de traction ayant une première surface de section droite et d'une portion d'extrémité ayant une deuxième surface de section droite plus grande que ladite première surface de section droite, et
  • remplissage de la cavité d'un matériau de scellement.
Performing an anchor described in this document includes:
  • making a cavity in a surrounding structure, said cavity having a substantially oblong shape and having two ends, the cross-sectional area of the end disposed on the accessible side of the anchor being less than the cross-sectional area another portion of the cavity, the cavity having an opening on the accessible side of the anchor,
  • the successive insertion by the opening of one end of each of the tensioning elements, each of said tensioning elements consisting of a pulling rod having a first cross-sectional area and an end portion having a second a cross-sectional area larger than said first cross-sectional area, and
  • filling the cavity with a sealing material.

Cette technique a ses avantages, mais la rétention des éléments de tension dans la cavité n'est assurée que par le matériau de scellement.This technique has its advantages, but the retention of the elements of tension in the cavity is ensured only by the sealing material.

Le document CH 300 486 est relatif à un élément de tension destiné à la confection d'un ancrage dans du béton.The document CH 300 486 relates to a tension element intended making an anchor in concrete.

Cet élément de tension est constitué d'une tige de traction dont une extrémité destinée à être ancrée dans du béton est munie d'une portion d'extrémité dont la section droite est, en deux endroits espacés, supérieure à la section droite de la tige de traction. This tension element consists of a traction rod, one of which end intended to be anchored in concrete is provided with a portion whose cross-section is, at two spaced points, greater than the cross section of the pull rod.

Le type d'élément de tension ne convient pas pour la confection d'un ancrage dans une cavité accessible d'un seul côté par un conduit allongé.The type of tension element is not suitable for making a anchoring in a cavity accessible from one side by an elongate conduit.

En effet, la forme irrégulière de la portion d'extrémitié peut engendrer des blocages intempestifs lors de l'introduction successive des éléments de tension.Indeed, the irregular shape of the extremity portion can generate untimely blockages during the successive introduction of the elements of voltage.

Un premier but de l'invention est de proposer un élément de tension qui remédie à cet inconvénient.A first object of the invention is to propose a tension element who remedies this inconvenience.

L'invention est décrite plus en détail ci-dessous, cette description étant à considérer en regard du dessin annexé comportant les figures où:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une forme d'exécution préférentielle d'une pièce d'ancrage selon l'invention ,
  • les figures 2A à 2L représentent chacune une étape particulière d'un procédé de réalisation d'un ancrage selon l'invention, et
  • les figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D représentent quatre formes d'exécution particulières d'un élément de tension selon l'invention.
    • The invention is described in more detail below, this description being to be considered with reference to the appended drawing comprising the figures in which:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an anchoring piece according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2A to 2L each represent a particular step of a method of producing an anchor according to the invention, and
  • FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show four particular embodiments of a tension element according to the invention.

    • Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé décrit dans la demande EP98810096.2 précitée, il s'agit tout d'abord d'obtenir une cavité d'ancrage de forme déterminée. La forme de cette cavité d'ancrage est essentiellement oblongue, effilée, avec une première extrémité ouverte, du côté accessible de l'ancrage et une deuxième extrémité fermée, du côté non accessible de l'ancrage. De plus, la section transversale de la première extrémité de l'ancrage doit être inférieure à une autre section transversale de la cavité, que cette section corresponde à celle de la deuxième extrémité ou à une section intermédiaire de la cavité.For the implementation of the process described in the application EP98810096.2 cited above, it is first of all to obtain an anchoring cavity of determined form. The shape of this anchoring cavity is essentially oblong, tapered, with an open first end, on the accessible side of the anchor and a closed second end, on the non-accessible side of anchoring. In addition, the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be smaller than another cross section of the cavity, that this section corresponds to that of the second end or to a section intermediate of the cavity.

    Plusieurs moyens ou dispositifs permettent d'obtenir une telle cavité. Un premier moyen consiste à utiliser une pièce d'ancrage, comportant une cavité interne préfabriquée ayant la forme voulue de la cavité d'ancrage. Une forme d'exécution préférentielle d'une telle pièce d'ancrage est représentée à la figure 1. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est constituée essentiellement d'une paroi 10, de préférence mince, limitant une cavité interne 11. Une première extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage 1, soit l'extrémité supérieure de la pièce sur la figure comporte une ouverture 12, ainsi que des moyens de fixation 13 d'une gaine de protection tubulaire des éléments de tension dont l'utilité sera décrite plus loin. L'autre extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage 1 est fermée par une paroi de fond 14. La forme extérieure de la pièce d'ancrage 1, respectivement de la cavité interne 11 est essentiellement effilée, par exemple en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, avec la section droite la plus faible proche de l'ouverture 12 et la section droite la plus forte proche de la paroi de fond 14. Un orifice d'admission 15 est aménagé à proximité de la paroi de fond 14, un tube d'injection 16 étant fixé ou pouvant être fixé audit orifice d'admission. De manière semblable, un orifice d'évacuation 17 est aménagé à proximité de l'ouverture 12, un tube d'évacuation 18 étant fixé ou pouvant être fixé audit orifice d'évacuation. L'utilité de ces orifices et tubes sera décrite plus bas. De préférence la surface extérieure effilée, respectivement en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, de la pièce d'ancrage 1 comprend un ou plusieurs anneaux d'ancrage 19 disposés sur la périphérie de ladite surface, dont le but est d'améliorer la transmission et la répartition de l'effort d'ancrage dans la structure environnante. La forme d'exécution représentée sur la figure comprend deux tels anneaux 19. La pièce d'ancrage 1 peut être en matériau synthétique, en métal ou en béton, ses dimensions dépendant essentiellement de l'importance de l'ancrage considéré.Several means or devices make it possible to obtain such a cavity. A first means consists in using an anchor piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity. A preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in FIG. Figure 1. The anchoring piece 1 consists essentially of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11. A first end of the anchor piece 1, ie the upper end of the piece in the figure comprises an opening 12, as well as means 13 for securing a sheath tubular protection of the elements of tension whose utility will be described later. The other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14. The external shape of the anchoring piece 1, respectively of the internal cavity 11 is essentially tapered, for example truncated cone or pyramid, with the weakest straight section near the opening 12 and the cross section the strongest close to the bottom wall 14. An intake port 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, an injection tube 16 being fixed or can be attached to said inlet port. Similarly, an orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, a tube discharge 18 being fixed or attachable to said discharge port. usefulness these orifices and tubes will be described below. Preferably the surface tapered exterior, respectively truncated cone or pyramid, of the piece anchor 1 comprises one or more anchor rings 19 disposed on the periphery of said surface, the purpose of which is to improve the transmission and distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure. The form embodiment shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19. The piece Anchor 1 may be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions depending essentially on the importance of the anchorage considered.

    La figure 2A montre la première étape du procédé de fabrication d'un ancrage selon l'invention utilisant une telle pièce d'ancrage. Alors que la structure bétonnée environnante n'est pas encore faite, une pièce d'ancrage 1 est placée à l'endroit exact où l'ancrage doit être réalisé, l'ouverture 12 étant dirigée en direction des futurs éléments de tension. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est maintenue en place par un échafaudage provisoire ou de préférence par des fers 20 du ferraillage du béton. De préférence, mais sans que cela soit indispensable à l'invention on dispose autour de la pièce d'ancrage 1 un ou plusieurs fers circulaires 21 formant une ou des frettes, afin d'améliorer la cohésion du béton en cet endroit. Figure 2A shows the first step of the manufacturing process of a anchoring according to the invention using such an anchor. While surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed exactly where the anchorage is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards the future elements of tension. Anchor part 1 is kept in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by irons 20 of the reinforcement of the concrete. Preferably, but without this being essential to the invention is arranged around the anchor 1 or several circular irons 21 forming one or more frets, in order to improve the cohesion of the concrete in this place.

    Sur la figure 2B, on voit que la structure bétonnée 2 devant supporter l'ancrage a été bétonnée de manière conventionnelle autour de la pièce d'ancrage 1. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est ainsi entièrement entourée et maintenue dans la structure bétonnée 2, à l'exception de sa première extrémité munie de l'ouverture 12 qui vient à fleur de la surface supérieure de la structure bétonnée 2 ou qui, comme représenté ici, fait légèrement saillie par-dessus ladite surface supérieure de la structure bétonnée 2, ainsi que des extrémités des tubes d'injection 16 et d'évacuation 18 qui restent accessibles hors de la structure bétonnée 2.In Figure 2B, we see that the concrete structure 2 to support the anchorage has been concretely concreted around the room Anchoring 1. The anchor 1 is thus completely surrounded and maintained in the concrete structure 2, except for its first end provided with the opening 12 which comes flush with the upper surface of the concrete structure 2 or which, as shown here, protrudes slightly above said surface top of the concrete structure 2, as well as the ends of the tubes injection 16 and evacuation 18 which remain accessible outside the structure concrete 2.

    On constate donc, qu'à cette deuxième étape du procédé on a obtenu une cavité 11, de forme déterminée, à l'intérieur d'une structure bétonnée 2. Comme décrit jusqu'à présent cette cavité 11 a été obtenue en utilisant une pièce d'ancrage 1 munie d'une cavité préfabriquée. Une même cavité 11 dans une structure bétonnée 2 peut aussi être obtenue d'autres manières, par exemple en la confectionnant sur place. Par exemple, on peut prévoir un coffrage démontable, en bois ou en autre matériau, ayant une forme extérieure conforme à la forme désirée de la cavité 11, placé à l'endroit voulu et autour duquel la structure bétonnée 2 est ensuite coulée. Dès le durcissement du béton, le coffrage est démonté en agissant depuis l'ouverture 12 et est extrait de la cavité 11 par la même ouverture. Selon une manière assez semblable, on peut disposer d'une pièce souple et gonflable ayant, après gonflage, la forme désirée de la cavité 11 et qui est placée à l'endroit désiré. Après bétonnage de la structure bétonnée 2, la pièce gonflable est dégonflée, laissant une cavité 11 de forme voulue dans la structure bétonnée 2. Selon encore une autre manière, la cavité 11 peut être obtenue par forage d'une cavité 11 de la forme voulue dans une structure 2 existante. Cette dernière manière de faire par forage est plutôt réservée aux cas d'un ancrage directement en terre ou alors pour l'installation d'un nouvel ancrage sur une structure 2 existante. La cavité 11, obtenue de n'importe laquelle des manières décrites possède deux dimensions importantes, une surface de passage de l'ouverture 12 appelée S12 et une surface de section droite maximum appelée S11 (voir figure 1). So we see that at this second stage of the process we have obtained a cavity 11, of determined shape, inside a structure As previously described, this cavity 11 has been obtained in using an anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity. One and the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained from other ways, for example by making it on the spot. For example, we can provide a removable formwork, made of wood or other material, having a shape external to the desired shape of the cavity 11, placed at the desired location and around which the concrete structure 2 is then cast. As soon as hardening concrete, the formwork is disassembled by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 by the same opening. In a way quite similar, one can have a flexible and inflatable piece having, after inflation, the desired shape of the cavity 11 and which is placed at the desired location. After concreting of the concrete structure 2, the inflatable part is deflated, leaving a cavity 11 of desired shape in the concrete structure 2. According to still another way, the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This last drilling method is rather reserved for cases of anchoring directly into the ground or for the installation of a new anchorage on a existing structure 2. The cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passing surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).

    Lors de la troisième étape du procédé, visible à la figure 2C, l'élément de structure à précontraindre 3 est posé ou bétonné, de manière connue, par-dessus la structure bétonnée 2, ledit élément de structure 3 comportant de préférence un conduit ou un tube de gainage 30 dont une extrémité vient en regard de l'ouverture 12 pour être fixée sur les moyens de fixation 13 attenants à ladite ouverture. La section transversale du tube de gainage 30 ou du conduit aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 pour les éléments de tension correspond essentiellement à la section de l'ouverture 12 de la cavité 11. Le tube de gainage 30 ou le conduit correspondant aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 comprend au moins un orifice d'injection 31, relié à un tube d'injection 32, un au moins desdits orifices 31 étant disposé de préférence à proximité de l'extrémité du tube 30 proche de l'ouverture 12, de même qu'au moins un orifice d'évacuation relié à un tube d'évacuation, au moins un desdits orifices d'évacuation étant disposé à proximité de l'autre extrémité (non visible sur la figure) du tube 30, respectivement de l'élément de structure 3.During the third step of the process, visible in FIG. 2C, the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concretely known, over the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a conduit or a cladding tube 30 of which one end comes next to the opening 12 to be attached to the means of fastening 13 adjacent to said opening. The cross section of the tube sheathing 30 or conduit arranged in the structural element 3 for the tension elements basically corresponds to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11. The sheath tube 30 or the corresponding conduit arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being disposed of preferably near the end of the tube 30 near the opening 12, same as at least one discharge port connected to an evacuation tube, at least one of said discharge ports being disposed near the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the structure 3.

    La quatrième étape, montrée à la figure 2D consiste à introduire les éléments de tension.The fourth step, shown in Figure 2D, is to introduce the tension elements.

    Pour ceci, on peut se reporter aux figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, quatre formes d'exécution d'un tel élément de tension 4. L'élément de tension 4 est essentiellement constitué d'une tige de traction 40 et d'une portion d'extrémité 41. La portion d'extrémité 41 sur la tige de traction 40 est conçue de telle manière que ladite portion d'extrémité 41 possède une surface de section transversale S41 plus grande que la surface de section transversale S40 de la tige de traction 40, ceci pour les raisons qui seront expliquées plus bas. L'autre extrémité de la tige de traction 40 ne comporte pas de portion d'extrémité de ce type et est constituée pour un ancrage normal, connu de la technique.For this, reference can be made to FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D which show, by way of non-limiting examples, four forms of execution of such tension element 4. The tension element 4 essentially consists of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41. The end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said portion end 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross-sectional area S40 of the pull rod 40, this for the reasons that will be explained below. The other end of the stem traction 40 has no end portion of this type and is constituted for normal anchoring, known in the art.

    La tige de traction 40 peut être de n'importe quel type connu, étant constituée soit d'un brin unitaire, soit d'une pluralité de brins assemblés hélicoïdalement afin de constituer un câble de traction. Le brin unitaire ou les brins assemblés afin de former la tige de traction 40 peuvent être en acier, de préférence un acier à haute résistance à la traction ou en matériau synthétique, par exemple à base de fibres de carbone ou de Kevlar.The pull rod 40 can be of any known type, being consisting of either a single strand or a plurality of strands assembled helically to form a traction cable. The unitary strand or strands assembled to form the pull rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably a steel with high tensile strength or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.

    La portion d'extrémité 41 peut être constituée d'une pièce d'extrémité 41, métallique ou en matériau synthétique qui est solidement fixée à l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. Le choix du matériau de la pièce d'extrémité 41 ainsi que son mode de fixation à la tige de traction 40 dépendent essentiellement du matériau ainsi que de la manière dont est constituée la tige de traction 40. La pièce d'extrémité 41 comprend essentiellement un corps central 42, limité par une portion supérieure 43 et une portion inférieure 44. Le corps central peut avoir une forme cylindrique droite, avec une section droite circulaire comme sur la figure 3A ou polygonale ou alors une forme effilée en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, avec une section droite circulaire, ou polygonale comme sur la figure 3B. Dans le cas d'une forme effilée la partie de plus faible section est celle adjacente à la portion supérieure 43. Les deux portions 43 et 44 sont de préférence bombées ou formées de plans inclinés, de manière à faciliter le glissement d'une portion d'extrémité en cours d'installation sur une autre portion d'extrémité déjà installée, comme on le verra plus bas.The end portion 41 may consist of an end piece 41, metal or synthetic material that is securely attached to the end of the pull rod 40. The choice of the material of the end piece 41 and that its mode of attachment to the traction rod 40 depends essentially on the material and the manner in which the pull rod 40 is constituted. end piece 41 essentially comprises a central body 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44. The central body can have a straight cylindrical shape, with a circular cross section as on 3A or polygonal or a tapered shape truncated cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as in the figure 3B. In the case of a tapered shape, the weakest section is adjacent to the upper portion 43. The two portions 43 and 44 are of preferably curved or formed of inclined planes, so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion being installed on another portion end already installed, as will be seen below.

    Selon une autre forme d'exécution, la portion d'extrémité 41 peut être formée par déformation ou usinage directement sur l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. Les figures 3C et 3D montrent des exemples de portions d'extrémités de ce type. Sur la figure 3C, la tige de traction 40 est constituée d'un brin unitaire et la portion d'extrémité 41 est obtenue par déformation, par exemple par forgeage, matriçage ou estampage, de l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. La figure 3D montre un exemple de portion d'extrémité 41 obtenue sur une tige de traction 40 constituée de brins assemblés. Dans cet exemple, l'extrémité de chaque brin a été écartée de sa position normale, une bague ou une ligature pouvant être prévue juste avant cet écartement afin d'empêcher une détoronnage du reste du câble de traction. Les extrémités écartées des brins peuvent être maintenues en position par une pièce complémentaire de maintien 45, par exemple un disque circulaire soudé ou fixé de n'importe quelle manière sous les brins écartés ou alors peuvent être laissés libres. Selon une forme d'exécution non représentée, la pièce de maintien des brins écartés peut être constituée d'un élément ayant la forme de deux portions coniques accolées par leur base, une première portion conique étant introduite entre les brins pour les écarter, alors que la deuxième portion conique a le même usage que la portion inférieure 44 décrite plus haut. Ainsi, selon n'importe quelle forme d'exécution de la portion d'extrémité 41, celle-ci peut aussi avoir une forme circulaire ou polygonale et comprendre les portions supérieure et inférieure 43 et 44 comme décrit précédemment.According to another embodiment, the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the rod 40. FIGS. 3C and 3D show examples of portions extremities of this type. In FIG. 3C, the traction rod 40 is constituted of a single strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, by example by forging, punching or stamping, from the end of the stem of 40. FIG. 3D shows an example of an end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 consisting of assembled strands. In this example, the end of each strand has been removed from its normal position, a ring or a ligature can be provided just before this separation to prevent undocking the rest of the traction cable. The separated ends of strands can be held in position by a complementary piece of 45, for example a welded or fixed circular disc of any way under the strands spread apart or so can be left free. According to one embodiment not shown, the part holding the spaced strands can consist of an element in the form of two conical contiguous portions by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands for remove them, while the second conical portion has the same use as the lower portion 44 described above. So, in any form execution of the end portion 41, it may also have a shape circular or polygonal and include the upper and lower portions 43 and 44 as previously described.

    Les exemples décrits de pièces d'extrémités 41 ou de portions d'extrémités déformées 41 ne sont pas limitatifs tant dans leur forme que leur moyen d'obtention; tout moyen permettant d'augmenter la surface de la section transversale de la portion d'extrémité de la tige de traction 40 peut être envisagé. Dans la suite de la description on parlera de pièce d'extrémité 41, étant bien entendu qu'il peut aussi s'agir d'une portion d'extrémité comme décrite plus haut.The described examples of end pieces 41 or portions deformed ends 41 are not limiting both in their shape and their means of obtaining; any means to increase the area of the section transverse portion of the end portion of the pull rod 40 may be considered. In the remainder of the description, reference will be made to an end piece 41, being of course that it can also be an end portion like described above.

    En revenant à la figure 2D, on voit qu'un premier élément de tension 4 a été poussé dans le tube de guidage 30 puis dans la cavité 11, jusqu'à ce que sa pièce d'extrémité 41 arrive au contact de la surface inférieure de ladite cavité. Un deuxième élément de tension 4 est en cours d'être installé de la même manière.Returning to Figure 2D, we see that a first element of tension 4 was pushed into the guide tube 30 and into the cavity 11, until that its end piece 41 comes into contact with the lower surface of said cavity. A second voltage element 4 is being installed from the same way.

    La figure 2E montre l'utilité de la forme bombée ou inclinée qui peut être prévue sur les portions supérieure 43 et inférieure 44 de la pièce d'extrémité 41. Lorsqu'un élément de tension 4 est en cours d'installation, il est fort possible que sa pièce d'extrémité 41 vienne buter contre une autre pièce d'extrémité d'un élément de tension déjà installé. De par la forme bombée ou inclinée desdites portions, la deuxième pièce d'extrémité ne se coince pas contre la première mais en est écartée et glisse contre elle jusqu'à trouver sa position finale à côté de celle-ci.Figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape that can be provided on the upper portions 43 and lower 44 of the room 41. When a voltage element 4 is being installed, it is very likely that its end piece 41 comes up against another piece end of a tension element already installed. By the curved shape or inclined said portions, the second end piece does not get stuck against the first but is pushed aside and slides against it until it finds its final position next to it.

    La figure 2F montre qu'après qu'un certain nombre d'éléments de tension aient été installés, une nouvelle pièce d'extrémité à installer peut ne pas trouver sa place au fond de la cavité 11; dans ce cas, il suffit, pour que l'élément de tension en question remplisse ultérieurement entièrement son rôle, que la pièce d'extrémité soit poussée le plus bas possible dans la cavité, jusqu'à ce qu'elle arrive en butée contre une ou plusieurs pièces déjà installée ou contre la paroi latérale de la cavité.Figure 2F shows that after a number of elements of have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it is sufficient for the tension element in question subsequently fulfills its full role, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it stops against one or more pieces already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.

    Pour la réalisation de l'ancrage du haubanage ou de l'élément précontraint, il est nécessaire d'introduire un certain nombre "N" d'éléments de tension 4 dans la cavité 11. Sachant que la section droite de chaque tige de traction 40 a une surface S40 et que la surface maximum de la section droite de la pièce d'extrémité 41 vaut S41 (voir figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D) on doit avoir les relations suivantes:

    • pour permettre l'introduction du dernier élément de tension 4, respectivement pour permettre le passage de la dernière pièce d'extrémité 41 dans le tube de guidage 30, respectivement dans l'ouverture 12, on a: [(N - 1)xS40]+S41 <S12.    S12 correspondant à la surface de la section droite de l'ouverture 12 (fig 1).
    • pour permettre une bonne disposition des pièces d'extrémité 41 sur le fond de la cavité 11, on a: (NxS41 ) < S11.
    For the implementation of the anchoring of the stay or the prestressed member, it is necessary to introduce a number "N" of tension elements 4 into the cavity 11. Knowing that the cross section of each pull rod 40 has a surface S40 and that the maximum cross-sectional area of the end piece 41 is S41 (see FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D) the following relationships must be made:
    • to allow the introduction of the last tension element 4, respectively to allow the passage of the last end piece 41 in the guide tube 30, respectively in the opening 12, we have: [(N - 1) xS40] + S41 <S12. S12 corresponding to the surface of the cross section of the opening 12 (FIG. 1).
    • to allow a good disposition of the end pieces 41 on the bottom of the cavity 11, we have: (NxS41) <S11.

    S11 correspondant à la surface de la section droite de plus forte surface de la cavité 11 (fig 1).S11 corresponding to the cross-sectional area of stronger surface of the cavity 11 (FIG. 1).

    Lorsque tous les éléments de tension 4 ont été poussés à travers le conduit ou le tube 30 de manière à ce que toutes leurs pièces d'extrémité 41 se soient logées dans la cavité 11 comme indiqué ci-dessus on peut passer à l'étape suivante du procédé comme on le voit à la figure 2G. Lors de cette étape, on introduit un matériau de scellement liquide 50 par le tube d'injection 16; ce matériau pénètre dans la cavité 11 par l'orifice d'injection 15 et remplit les espaces vides entre les pièces d'extrémité 41 et les extrémités des tiges de traction 40 dans la cavité 11, jusqu'à remplir au moins partiellement la cavité 11. Durant cette opération, l'orifice d'évacuation 17, respectivement le tube d'évacuation 18 sert à évacuer l'air contenu dans la cavité 11 durant son remplissage ainsi qu'à contrôler le niveau de remplissage de la cavité 11. De manière préférentielle, la cavité 11 est remplie jusqu'à ce que la masse liquide introduite atteigne le niveau de l'orifice d'évacuation 17. Le matériau contenu dans la cavité 11 se durcit ensuite afin de former un bloc rigide de haute résistance mécanique 5 dans lequel les pièces d'extrémité 41 ainsi que les extrémités des tiges de traction 40 sont encastrées.When all the tension elements 4 have been pushed through the conduit or tube 30 so that all their end pieces 41 are are housed in the cavity 11 as indicated above can be passed to the next step of the process as seen in Figure 2G. During this step, a liquid sealing material 50 is introduced through the injection tube 16; this material enters the cavity 11 through the injection orifice 15 and fills the empty spaces between the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods of traction 40 in the cavity 11, to at least partially fill the cavity 11. During this operation, the discharge orifice 17, respectively the tube discharge device 18 serves to evacuate the air contained in the cavity 11 during its fill and to check the filling level of the cavity 11. preferentially, the cavity 11 is filled until the liquid mass introduced reaches the level of the discharge orifice 17. The material contained in the cavity 11 then hardens to form a rigid block of high mechanical resistance 5 in which the end pieces 41 as well as the ends of the pull rods 40 are recessed.

    A l'étape suivante, représentée à la figure 2H, les éléments de tension 4 sont chacun soumis à une traction jusqu'à atteindre la valeur de tension de précontrainte prescrite. Cette mise en traction s'effectue de manière conventionnelle, en agissant sur l'autre extrémité de chaque élément de tension 4, respectivement de chaque tige de traction 40, les éléments de tension étant mis en prétension simultanément ou séquentiellement. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure, la forme effilée, tronconique ou pyramidale de la cavité 11, respectivement de la masse durcie dans laquelle les pièces d'extrémités 41 et les extrémités des tiges 40 des éléments de tension 4 sont encastrées, permet un ancrage efficace en coin dans la structure bétonnée environnante 2. Contrairement aux dispositifs connus de l'art antérieur mentionnés précédemment, cette forme en coin empêche tout éventuel déplacement axial de la masse durcie 5 et provoque une transmission des efforts d'ancrage dans la structure environnante 2 par compression axiale et non pas par simple adhérence. La longueur de cet ancrage est donc favorablement réduite.In the next step, shown in Figure 2H, the elements of voltage 4 are each subjected to traction until reaching the value of prestressing tension prescribed. This traction is done in a manner conventional, acting on the other end of each voltage element 4, respectively of each pull rod 40, the tension elements being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially. As we can see in the figure, the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively the hardened mass in which the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are recessed, allows effective corner anchoring in the surrounding concrete structure 2. Unlike known prior art devices mentioned previously, this wedge shape prevents any axial displacement of the cured mass 5 and causes a transmission of the anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchorage is therefore favorably reduced.

    Une sécurité d'ancrage supplémentaire est assurée par la disposition particulière des pièces d'extrémités 41 à l'intérieur de la cavité 11. En considérant que les pièces d'extrémité 41 sont disposées en faisceau dans la cavité 11, la surface de la section droite générée par l'enveloppe du faisceau des pièces d'extrémités 41 assemblées est supérieure à la surface de l'ouverture 12 de la cavité 11. Le faisceau de pièces d'extrémités 41 est donc bloqué dans la cavité 11.An additional anchoring security is ensured by the provision particular end pieces 41 inside the cavity 11. Whereas the end pieces 41 are arranged in a bundle in the cavity 11, the cross-sectional area generated by the beam envelope assembled end pieces 41 is greater than the surface of the opening 12 of the cavity 11. The bundle of end pieces 41 is therefore blocked in the cavity 11.

    En reprenant les expressions mentionnées précédemment, on a la relation suivante:

    • pour permettre un blocage des éléments de tension 4 dans la cavité 11 en empêchant la sortie des pièces d'extrémités bloquées entre elles par l'ouverture 12, on doit avoir: (N x S41)* > S12.
    By repeating the expressions mentioned above, we have the following relation:
    • to allow a locking of the tensioning elements 4 in the cavity 11 by preventing the exit of the end pieces locked together by the opening 12, one must have: (N x S41) *> S12.

    Dans l'expression ci-dessus, ( N x S41)* représente de manière générale la surface générée par l'enveloppe du faisceau des N pièces d'extrémités assemblées, ayant chacune une surface de section droite S41. Afin de tenir compte du fait qu'éventuellement une ou deux pièces d'extrémités 41 peuvent ne pas avoir trouvé leur place, comme indiqué en regard de la figure 2H, les sections individuelles S41 et la section de passage S12 doivent être dimensionnées pour un blocage des pièces d'extrémités 41 lorsque l'effort de traction s'exerce simultanément sur tous les éléments de tension 4.In the expression above, (N x S41) * represents general the surface generated by the envelope of the beam of N parts assembled ends, each having a cross sectional area S41. In order to take into account that eventually one or two pieces of ends 41 may not have found their place, as indicated with reference to the Figure 2H, the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 shall be dimensioned for locking the end pieces 41 when the effort traction is exerted simultaneously on all the tensioning elements 4.

    Il est à remarquer que l'étape qui vient d'être décrite de prétension des éléments de tension 4 peut être réalisée différemment que décrite, notamment dans le cas d'un simple haubanage non prétendu.It should be noted that the above described stage of pretension tension elements 4 can be made differently than described, especially in the case of a simple unspecified guying.

    Lors d'une dernière étape du procédé, vue à la figure 2L, l'espace vide à l'intérieur du tube de gainage 30, respectivement à l'intérieur du conduit aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 peut être rempli d'un autre matériau de scellement 60 par le ou les tubes d'injection 32 et le ou les orifices d'injection 31 afin de préserver l'étanchéité du système prétendu et d'empêcher la corrosion des éléments de prétension. Cette dernière étape est aussi facultative, dépendant si une telle protection 6 est requise ou nécessaire.In a final step of the process, seen in Figure 2L, space empty inside the cladding tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 may be filled with another material of sealing 60 by the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection orifice (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the alleged system and to prevent corrosion pretension elements. This last step is also optional, dependent if such protection 6 is required or necessary.

    On constate donc que l'on obtient ainsi un ancrage très efficace, l'effort de traction longitudinal de chaque élément de tension 4 étant repris principalement par sa pièce ou sa portion d'extrémité 41 et reporté sur le bloc de scellement durci à haute résistance mécanique 5. Une transmission efficace de cet effort est possible grâce à la fixation ferme de la pièce d'extrémité 41 sur la tige de traction 40; cette fixation pouvant être réalisée en usine, sa résistance mécanique est très élevée. Cet effort est ensuite reporté par les parois obliques de la cavité 11 sur la structure environnante 2. En disposant un ou plusieurs anneaux d'ancrage 19 sur la pièce d'ancrage 1, il est encore possible d'améliorer l'effet d'ancrage mentionné dans la structure environnante 2. Comme mentionné, des frettes 21 peuvent être prévues afin d'améliorer encore la cohésion de la structure environnante 2 autour de la cavité 11. En plus de la résistance longitudinale mentionnée, chaque extrémité de tige de traction 40 étant maintenue dans le bloc de scellement 5, un maintien par compression radiale de chaque tige 40 est obtenu en supplément.So we see that we obtain a very effective anchoring, the longitudinal tensile force of each tension element 4 being taken up mainly by its part or its end portion 41 and reported on the block cured sealant with high mechanical strength 5. Efficient transmission this effort is possible thanks to the firm fastening of the end piece 41 on the pull rod 40; this fixing can be carried out in the factory, its resistance mechanical is very high. This effort is then carried forward by the oblique walls of the cavity 11 on the surrounding structure 2. By arranging one or more anchoring rings 19 on the anchor 1, it is still possible to improve the anchoring effect mentioned in the surrounding structure 2. As mentioned, frets 21 may be provided to further improve the cohesion of the surrounding structure 2 around the cavity 11. In addition to the mentioned longitudinal resistance, each end of pull rod 40 being held in the sealing block 5, holding in compression radial of each rod 40 is obtained additionally.

    Ce type d'ancrage se prête particulièrement bien à un ancrage précontraint d'un élément de structure précontraint 3. Il peut aussi se prêter à un ancrage d'éléments de tension non précontraints, comme par exemple des haubans de retenu d'un mât ou d'un pylône, les haubans pouvant alors ne pas être protégés par un tube de protection 30. De même il n'est pas indispensable que la cavité 11 soit aménagée dans une structure environnante bétonnée, un forage en terre ou dans du rocher permettant d'obtenir une cavité requise peut aussi être prévu. La description a été faite pour une cavité dont l'axe longitudinal est essentiellement vertical, avec son ouverture 12 vers le haut. D'autres dispositions géométriques sont aussi possibles, les dimensions de la cavité 11 étant à adapter afin d'obtenir un remplissage suffisant de la cavité 11 par le liquide de scellement 50.This type of anchorage is particularly suitable for anchoring prestressed of a prestressed structural element 3. It may also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as stay cables of a mast or a pylon, the stays may not be protected by a protective tube 30. In the same way it is not essential that the cavity 11 is arranged in a surrounding concrete structure, a drilling in the ground or in rock to obtain a required cavity can also be expected. The description was made for a cavity whose axis longitudinal is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometrical arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 to be adapted to obtain a sufficient filling of the cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.

    Claims (2)

    Elément de tension (4) dont une extrémité est destinée à être introduite dans une cavité d'ancrage (11) d'un ancrage accessible d'un seul côté, par un conduit (30), ledit element de tension étant constitué d'une tige de traction (40) munie à son extrémité destinée à être introduite dans ladite cavité, d'une portion d'extrémité (41) dont la surface (S41) de la section droite est supérieure à la surface (S40) de la section droite de ladite tige de traction (40), la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possèdant une portion d'extrémité inférieure (44) de forme convexe, cet élément de tension étant caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion centrale (42) de forme effilée, la surface de la section droite de plus faible surface étant adjacente à la portion d'extrémité supérieure (43), alors que la surface de la section droite (S41) de plus forte surface est adjacente à la portion d'extrémité inférieure (44).A tension member (4), one end of which is intended to be introduced into an anchoring cavity (11) of an anchorage accessible on one side only, via a conduit (30), said tension element being constituted by a pull rod (40) provided at its end intended to be introduced into said cavity, with an end portion (41) whose surface (S41) of the cross-section is greater than the cross-sectional area (S40) of said pull rod (40), the end portion or the end piece (41) having a convexly shaped lower end portion (44), said tension member being characterized in that the portion of end or end piece (41) has a central portion (42) of tapered shape, the surface of the smaller cross section being adjacent to the upper end portion (43), while the surface of the cross-section (S41) of larger area is adjacent to the portion of lower end (44). Elément de tension (4) dont une extrémité est destinée à être introduite dans une cavité d'ancrage (11) d'un ancrage accessible d'un seul côté, par un conduit (30), ledit élément de tension constitué d'une tige de traction (40) munie à son extrémité destinée à être introduite dans ladite cavité, d'une portion d'extrémité (41) dont la surface (S41) de la section droite est supérieure à la surface (S40) de la section droite de ladite tige de traction (40), la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possédant une portion d'extrémité inférieure (44) de forme convexe, cet élément de tension étant caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion centrale (42) de forme cylindrique droite ayant une surface de section droite (S41) constante, limité par une portion d'extrémité supérieure (43) et une portion d'extrémité inférieure (44).A tension member (4), one end of which is intended to be introduced into an anchoring cavity (11) of an anchorage accessible on one side only, via a conduit (30), said tension element consisting of a rod traction device (40) provided at its end intended to be introduced into said cavity, an end portion (41) whose surface (S41) of the cross section is greater than the surface (S40) of the cross section of said pull rod (40), the end portion or the end piece (41) having a convexly shaped lower end portion (44), said tension member being characterized in that the end portion or the end piece (41) has a straight cylindrical central portion (42) having a constant cross-sectional area (S41) bounded by an upper end portion (43) and a lower end portion (41); 44).
    EP05102789.4A 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (en)

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    US6216403B1 (en) 2001-04-17
    NO323179B1 (en) 2007-01-15
    EP1559847B1 (en) 2020-03-25
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    US20020078643A1 (en) 2002-06-27
    NO990557L (en) 1999-08-10
    NO990557D0 (en) 1999-02-05
    US20010007185A1 (en) 2001-07-12
    CN1225969A (en) 1999-08-18
    JP2000064434A (en) 2000-02-29
    AU748723B2 (en) 2002-06-13
    JP3215381B2 (en) 2001-10-02
    EP0935034A1 (en) 1999-08-11
    HK1022007A1 (en) 2000-07-21
    EP0935034B1 (en) 2007-04-11
    KR100385237B1 (en) 2003-05-23
    DE69837524T2 (en) 2007-12-20
    KR19990072472A (en) 1999-09-27
    ES2285752T3 (en) 2007-11-16
    AU1318499A (en) 1999-08-26
    CN1152995C (en) 2004-06-09

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