EP0935034A1 - Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0935034A1
EP0935034A1 EP98810096A EP98810096A EP0935034A1 EP 0935034 A1 EP0935034 A1 EP 0935034A1 EP 98810096 A EP98810096 A EP 98810096A EP 98810096 A EP98810096 A EP 98810096A EP 0935034 A1 EP0935034 A1 EP 0935034A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
cross
anchor
section
opening
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98810096A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0935034B1 (en
Inventor
Herve Belbeoc'h
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
VSL International Ltd
Original Assignee
VSL International Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by VSL International Ltd filed Critical VSL International Ltd
Priority to ES98810096T priority Critical patent/ES2285752T3/en
Priority to EP98810096A priority patent/EP0935034B1/en
Priority to EP05102789.4A priority patent/EP1559847B1/en
Priority to DE69837524T priority patent/DE69837524T2/en
Priority to AU13184/99A priority patent/AU748723B2/en
Priority to US09/244,938 priority patent/US6216403B1/en
Priority to NO19990557A priority patent/NO323179B1/en
Priority to JP03039499A priority patent/JP3215381B2/en
Priority to KR10-1999-0004175A priority patent/KR100385237B1/en
Priority to CNB991021568A priority patent/CN1152995C/en
Publication of EP0935034A1 publication Critical patent/EP0935034A1/en
Priority to HK00100815A priority patent/HK1022007A1/en
Priority to US09/799,283 priority patent/US20010007185A1/en
Priority to US10/082,898 priority patent/US20020078643A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0935034B1 publication Critical patent/EP0935034B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/127—The tensile members being made of fiber reinforced plastics
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/08—Members specially adapted to be used in prestressed constructions
    • E04C5/12—Anchoring devices
    • E04C5/125—Anchoring devices the tensile members are profiled to ensure the anchorage, e.g. when provided with screw-thread, bulges, corrugations
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/12—Mounting of reinforcing inserts; Prestressing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/58—Prestressed concrete piles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of engineering anchors civil, in particular blind anchorages which are only accessible by one side.
  • an anchor head of an element of tension pre-stressed or not it is not possible to access the anchorage by the back.
  • access to the anchor is only possible from the ground surface, or in the case where a waterproofing or anti-corrosion protection must be specially neat so that the rear side of the anchor must be closed.
  • This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the fixing of the tension element to the plate, using for example anchor cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.
  • Patent EP-0.351.582 shows an anchorage accessible from a single side; the drawback of the device described here being that each element of tension, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained only by longitudinal adhesion, which greatly limits the effort of traction that such an anchoring can withstand and leads to an anchoring length very important to obtain a sufficient grip surface.
  • US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides for a sheathing tube for the tension elements only maintained by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The tension elements protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the way the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as how the elements of tension are attached to said plate to be described. In the event that this form of execution would be achievable, the transmission of the anchoring force from the end tension elements in the surrounding soil through the cladding tube injected is carried out only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the wedge effect as described in the invention below.
  • a first object of the invention is to propose a method of realization of an anchorage accessible from one side only, not meeting the mentioned disadvantages of known anchors, that is to say allowing carry out an anchoring in which the tension elements are maintained so that the tensile force on each of them at the anchor either taken up by adhesion, this adhesion being appreciably favored by the confinement induced by the general shape of the anchorage, and by blocking longitudinal mechanics of the ends of the tension elements, due to the shape particular of said ends and their arrangement in a shaped cavity essentially tapered.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide an anchor piece of particular shape which, associated with a plurality of tension elements having also a particular shape, allows for such an anchoring.
  • Another object of the invention is to propose the realization of such a anchoring without the direct use of an anchor.
  • an anchoring cavity of determined shape For the implementation of the method of the invention, it is all first to obtain an anchoring cavity of determined shape.
  • the shape of this anchoring cavity is essentially oblong, tapered, with a first open end, accessible side of the anchor and a second end closed, on the non-accessible side of the anchor.
  • the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be less than another section transverse of the cavity, that this section corresponds to that of the second end or an intermediate section of the cavity.
  • a first means consists in using an anchor piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity.
  • a preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the anchoring part 1 essentially consists of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11.
  • a first end of the anchoring part 1, ie the upper end of the part in the figure has an opening 12, as well as means 13 for fixing a sheath of tubular protection of tension elements whose usefulness will be described more far.
  • the other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14.
  • the external shape of the anchoring piece 1, respectively of the cavity internal 11 is essentially tapered, for example in a truncated cone or pyramid, with the smallest cross-section close to opening 12 and the strongest cross section close to the bottom wall 14.
  • An inlet orifice 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, an injection tube 16 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said intake port.
  • a discharge orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, a tube evacuation 18 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said evacuation orifice.
  • the surface external tapered, respectively in truncated cone or pyramid, of the part anchor 1 comprises one or more anchor rings 19 arranged on the periphery of said surface, the aim of which is to improve the transmission and distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure.
  • the form shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19.
  • the part anchor 1 can be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions essentially dependent on the importance of the anchorage considered.
  • FIG. 2A shows the first step in the manufacturing process an anchor according to the invention using such an anchor. While surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed at the exact location where the anchoring is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards future elements of tension.
  • the anchor 1 is held in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by concrete reinforcement bars 20.
  • FIG. 2B it can be seen that the concrete structure 2 in front support the anchor has been concreted in a conventional manner around the anchor piece 1.
  • the anchor piece 1 is thus completely surrounded and maintained in the concrete structure 2, with the exception of its first end provided with the opening 12 which comes flush with the upper surface of the concrete structure 2 or which, as shown here, protrudes slightly above said upper surface of the concrete structure 2, as well as ends of the injection 16 and discharge 18 tubes which remain accessible outside the concrete structure 2.
  • this cavity 11 has been obtained by using an anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity.
  • the same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained from other manners, for example by making it on the spot.
  • the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This last way of drilling is rather reserved for anchoring directly in the ground or for the installation of a new anchor on a existing structure 2.
  • the cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passage surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).
  • the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concreted, so known, above the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a duct or a sheathing tube 30, one of which end comes opposite the opening 12 to be fixed on the means of fixing 13 adjoining said opening.
  • the cross section of the tube cladding 30 or of the conduit arranged in the structural element 3 for the tension elements corresponds essentially to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11.
  • the sheathing tube 30 or the corresponding conduit arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being arranged to preferably near the end of the tube 30 near the opening 12, even at least one discharge orifice connected to a discharge tube, to the at least one of said discharge orifices being disposed close to the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the element structure 3.
  • the fourth step, shown in Figure 2D, is to introduce the tension elements.
  • Tension element 4 consists essentially of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41.
  • the end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said portion end 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross-sectional area S40 of the draw rod 40, this for the reasons which will be explained below.
  • the other end of the rod traction 40 does not have an end portion of this type and is constituted for normal anchoring, known in the art.
  • the pull rod 40 can be of any known type, being made up either of a unitary strand or of a plurality of assembled strands helically to form a pull cable.
  • the unitary strand or strands assembled to form the draw rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably high tensile steel or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.
  • the end portion 41 may consist of a part end 41, metallic or synthetic material which is securely attached at the end of the pull rod 40.
  • the choice of the material of the part end 41 as well as its method of attachment to the pull rod 40 depend essentially the material and how the rod is made tensile 40.
  • the end piece 41 essentially comprises a body central 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44.
  • the central body can have a straight cylindrical shape, with a straight section circular as in Figure 3A or polygonal or a tapered shape trunk of cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as in Figure 3B.
  • the part of lower section is that adjacent to the upper portion 43.
  • Both portions 43 and 44 are preferably curved or formed of inclined planes, of so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion during installation on another end portion already installed, as will be seen below.
  • the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the rod tensile 40.
  • Figures 3C and 3D show examples of portions such ends.
  • the pull rod 40 is made up of a unitary strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, by example by forging, stamping or stamping, of the end of the rod traction 40.
  • FIG. 3D shows an example of end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 made up of assembled strands.
  • the end of each strand has been moved from its normal position, a ring or a ligature can be provided just before this spacing to prevent untwisting of the rest of the traction cable.
  • the separated ends of the strands can be held in position by a complementary piece of holding 45, for example a circular disc welded or fixed of any way under the spread strands or so can be left free.
  • the part for holding the strands apart may consist of an element in the form of two conical portions joined by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands to spread them apart, while the second conical portion has the same use than the lower portion 44 described above. So whatever embodiment of the end portion 41, this may also have a circular or polygonal shape and understand the upper portions and lower 43 and 44 as described above.
  • end pieces 41 or portions deformed ends 41 are not limiting both in their shape and their means of obtaining; any means to increase the area of the section transverse of the end portion of the pull rod 40 can be considered.
  • end piece 41 we will speak of end piece 41, it being understood that it can also be an end portion such as described above.
  • Figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape which can be provided on the upper 43 and lower 44 portions of the part end 41.
  • Figure 2F shows that after a number of elements of have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it suffices for the tension element in question subsequently fully fills its role, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it stops against one or more parts already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.
  • a liquid sealing material 50 is introduced through the injection tube 16; this material enters the cavity 11 through the injection orifice 15 and fills the empty spaces between the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods traction 40 in the cavity 11, until at least partially filling the cavity 11.
  • the discharge orifice 17, respectively the tube exhaust 18 serves to evacuate the air contained in the cavity 11 during its filling as well as checking the filling level of the cavity 11. From preferably, the cavity 11 is filled until the liquid mass introduced reaches the level of the discharge orifice 17.
  • the material contained in the cavity 11 then hardens in order to form a rigid block of high mechanical resistance 5 in which the end pieces 41 as well as the ends of the pull rods 40 are embedded.
  • the elements of tension 4 are each subjected to a traction until reaching the value of prescribed prestressing tension.
  • This pulling is carried out so conventional, by acting on the other end of each element of tension 4, respectively of each draw rod 40, the elements of voltage being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially.
  • the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively of the hardened mass in which the parts ends 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are recessed allows effective corner anchoring in the concrete structure 2.
  • this wedge shape prevents any possible axial displacement of the hardened mass 5 and causes transmission of anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchor is therefore favorably reduced.
  • (N x S41) * represents so general the area generated by the envelope of the beam of N parts of assembled ends, each having a cross-sectional area S41.
  • the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 must be dimensioned for blocking the end pieces 41 when the force traction is exerted simultaneously on all the tension elements 4.
  • pretensioning tension elements 4 can be produced differently than described, especially in the case of a simple pretended guy line.
  • the space vacuum inside the sheathing tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 can be filled with another material of sealing 60 by the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection port (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the alleged system and prevent the corrosion of pretensioners.
  • This last step is also optional, depending on whether such protection 6 is required or necessary.
  • This type of anchor lends itself particularly well to anchoring prestressed by a prestressed structural element 3. It can also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as for example guy lines retained from a mast or pylon, the guy lines may then not be protected by a protective tube 30.
  • the cavity 11 is arranged in a surrounding concrete structure, a drilling in soil or in rock to obtain a required cavity can also be expected. The description was made for a cavity whose axis longitudinal is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometric arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 being adapted in order to obtain sufficient filling of cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)

Abstract

An anchoring device which is not accessible on one of its sides can be made by preparing a cavity (11) and using different tensioning parts (4), each having an end portion with an adapted shape. The cavity can be obtained by concreting an anchoring part (1) having an opening (12) on one of its ends. After concreting the anchoring piece in the cavity, a sealing mortar is introduced into the cavity so as to lock the ends of the tensioning parts in the cavity.

Description

La présente invention concerne le domaine des ancrages en génie civil, notamment les ancrages borgnes qui ne sont accessibles que d'un seul côté.The present invention relates to the field of engineering anchors civil, in particular blind anchorages which are only accessible by one side.

Pour certains ancrages, d'une tête d'ancrage d'un élément de tension précontraint ou non, il n'est pas possible d'accéder à l'ancrage par l'arrière. On rencontre ce cas notamment dans le cas d'un ancrage enterré, l'accès à l'ancrage étant seulement possible depuis la surface du sol, ou dans le cas où une étanchéité ou une protection anticorrosion doit être spécialement soignée faisant que le côté arrière de l'ancrage doit être fermé. Cette contrainte empêche l'utilisation d'une plaque d'ancrage traditionnelle où la fixation de l'élément de tension à la plaque, à l'aide par exemple de cônes d'ancrage, nécessite le développement de nouveaux types d'ancrage.For some anchorages, an anchor head of an element of tension pre-stressed or not, it is not possible to access the anchorage by the back. We meet this case in particular in the case of a buried anchor, access to the anchor is only possible from the ground surface, or in the case where a waterproofing or anti-corrosion protection must be specially neat so that the rear side of the anchor must be closed. This constraint prevents the use of a traditional anchor plate where the fixing of the tension element to the plate, using for example anchor cones, requires the development of new types of anchoring.

Le brevet EP-0.351.582 montre un ancrage accessible depuis un seul côté; l'inconvénient du dispositif décrit ici étant que chaque élément de tension, respectivement le tube dans lequel ils sont introduits, est maintenu uniquement par adhérence longitudinale, ce qui limite fortement l'effort de traction que peut supporter un tel ancrage et conduit à une longueur d'ancrage très importante pour obtenir une surface d'adhérence suffisante. De même le brevet US-4.043.133 prévoit un tube de gainage des éléments de tension maintenu uniquement par adhérence longitudinale dans le sol environnant. Les éléments de tension dépassent de l'extrémité inférieure du tube et sont tous attachés à une plaque d'ancrage, sans que la manière dont cette dernière plaque est introduite dans la cavité ainsi que la manière dont les éléments de tension sont fixés à ladite plaque ne soient décrites. Dans le cas où cette forme d'exécution serait réalisable, la transmission de l'effort d'ancrage de l'extrémité des éléments de tension dans le sol environnant au travers du tube de gainage injecté est réalisée uniquement par adhérence longitudinale, sans bénéficier de l'effet de coin tel que décrit dans l'invention ci-après. Patent EP-0.351.582 shows an anchorage accessible from a single side; the drawback of the device described here being that each element of tension, respectively the tube in which they are introduced, is maintained only by longitudinal adhesion, which greatly limits the effort of traction that such an anchoring can withstand and leads to an anchoring length very important to obtain a sufficient grip surface. Likewise the US Pat. No. 4,043,133 provides for a sheathing tube for the tension elements only maintained by longitudinal adhesion in the surrounding soil. The tension elements protrude from the lower end of the tube and are all attached to an anchor plate, without the way the latter plate is introduced into the cavity as well as how the elements of tension are attached to said plate to be described. In the event that this form of execution would be achievable, the transmission of the anchoring force from the end tension elements in the surrounding soil through the cladding tube injected is carried out only by longitudinal adhesion, without benefiting from the wedge effect as described in the invention below.

Un premier but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé de réalisation d'un ancrage accessible depuis un seul côté, ne rencontrant pas les inconvénients mentionnés des ancrages connus, c'est-à-dire permettant de réaliser un ancrage dans lequel les éléments de tension sont maintenus de manière à ce que l'effort de traction sur chacun d'eux au niveau de l'ancrage soit repris par adhérence, cette adhérence étant sensiblement favorisée par le confinement induit par la forme générale de l'ancrage, et par blocage mécanique longitudinal des extrémités des éléments de tension, dû à la forme particulière desdites extrémités et leur arrangement dans une cavité de forme essentiellement effilée.A first object of the invention is to propose a method of realization of an anchorage accessible from one side only, not meeting the mentioned disadvantages of known anchors, that is to say allowing carry out an anchoring in which the tension elements are maintained so that the tensile force on each of them at the anchor either taken up by adhesion, this adhesion being appreciably favored by the confinement induced by the general shape of the anchorage, and by blocking longitudinal mechanics of the ends of the tension elements, due to the shape particular of said ends and their arrangement in a shaped cavity essentially tapered.

Un deuxième but de l'invention est de proposer une pièce d'ancrage de forme particulière qui, associée à une pluralité d'éléments de tension ayant aussi une forme particulière, permet de réaliser un tel ancrage.A second object of the invention is to provide an anchor piece of particular shape which, associated with a plurality of tension elements having also a particular shape, allows for such an anchoring.

Un autre but de l'invention est de proposer la réalisation d'un tel ancrage sans l'utilisation directe d'une pièce d'ancrage.Another object of the invention is to propose the realization of such a anchoring without the direct use of an anchor.

Ces buts sont obtenus par un procédé de confection d'un ancrage tel que décrit à la revendication 1, par une pièce d'ancrage possédant les caractéristiques mentionnées à la revendication 9, par un élément de tension possédant les caractéristiques mentionnées à la revendication 19 ainsi que par un ancrage comme décrit dans la revendication 29. Des variantes ou formes d'exécution particulières sont décrites dans les revendications dépendantes.These goals are achieved by a method of making an anchor as described in claim 1, by an anchor having the characteristics mentioned in claim 9, by a tension element having the characteristics mentioned in claim 19 as well as by an anchorage as described in claim 29. Variants or forms specific embodiments are described in the dependent claims.

L'invention est décrite plus en détail ci-dessous, cette description étant à considérer en regard du dessin annexé comportant les figures où:

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe d'une forme d'exécution préférentielle d'une pièce d'ancrage selon l'invention,
  • les figures 2A à 2L représentent chacune une étape particulière d'un procédé de réalisation d'un ancrage selon l'invention, et
  • les figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D représentent quatre formes d'exécution particulières d'un élément de tension selon l'invention.
    • The invention is described in more detail below, this description being to be considered with regard to the appended drawing comprising the figures where:
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a preferred embodiment of an anchoring piece according to the invention,
  • FIGS. 2A to 2L each represent a particular step in a method for producing an anchor according to the invention, and
  • Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D show four particular embodiments of a tension element according to the invention.

    • Pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé de l'invention, il s'agit tout d'abord d'obtenir une cavité d'ancrage de forme déterminée. La forme de cette cavité d'ancrage est essentiellement oblongue, effilée, avec une première extrémité ouverte, du côté accessible de l'ancrage et une deuxième extrémité fermée, du côté non accessible de l'ancrage. De plus, la section transversale de la première extrémité de l'ancrage doit être inférieure à une autre section transversale de la cavité, que cette section corresponde à celle de la deuxième extrémité ou à une section intermédiaire de la cavité.For the implementation of the method of the invention, it is all first to obtain an anchoring cavity of determined shape. The shape of this anchoring cavity is essentially oblong, tapered, with a first open end, accessible side of the anchor and a second end closed, on the non-accessible side of the anchor. In addition, the cross section of the first end of the anchor must be less than another section transverse of the cavity, that this section corresponds to that of the second end or an intermediate section of the cavity.

    Plusieurs moyens ou dispositifs permettent d'obtenir une telle cavité. Un premier moyen consiste à utiliser une pièce d'ancrage, comportant une cavité interne préfabriquée ayant la forme voulue de la cavité d'ancrage. Une forme d'exécution préférentielle d'une telle pièce d'ancrage est représentée à la figure 1. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est constituée essentiellement d'une paroi 10, de préférence mince, limitant une cavité interne 11. Une première extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage 1, soit l'extrémité supérieure de la pièce sur la figure comporte une ouverture 12, ainsi que des moyens de fixation 13 d'une gaine de protection tubulaire des éléments de tension dont l'utilité sera décrite plus loin. L'autre extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage 1 est fermée par une paroi de fond 14. La forme extérieure de la pièce d'ancrage 1, respectivement de la cavité interne 11 est essentiellement effilée, par exemple en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, avec la section droite la plus faible proche de l'ouverture 12 et la section droite la plus forte proche de la paroi de fond 14. Un orifice d'admission 15 est aménagé à proximité de la paroi de fond 14, un tube d'injection 16 étant fixé ou pouvant être fixé audit orifice d'admission. De manière semblable, un orifice d'évacuation 17 est aménagé à proximité de l'ouverture 12, un tube d'évacuation 18 étant fixé ou pouvant être fixé audit orifice d'évacuation. L'utilité de ces orifices et tubes sera décrite plus bas. De préférence la surface extérieure effilée, respectivement en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, de la pièce d'ancrage 1 comprend un ou plusieurs anneaux d'ancrage 19 disposés sur la périphérie de ladite surface, dont le but est d'améliorer la transmission et la répartition de l'effort d'ancrage dans la structure environnante. La forme d'exécution représentée sur la figure comprend deux tels anneaux 19. La pièce d'ancrage 1 peut être en matériau synthétique, en métal ou en béton, ses dimensions dépendant essentiellement de l'importance de l'ancrage considéré.Several means or devices make it possible to obtain such a cavity. A first means consists in using an anchor piece, comprising a prefabricated internal cavity having the desired shape of the anchoring cavity. A preferred embodiment of such an anchor is shown in FIG. 1. The anchoring part 1 essentially consists of a wall 10, preferably thin, limiting an internal cavity 11. A first end of the anchoring part 1, ie the upper end of the part in the figure has an opening 12, as well as means 13 for fixing a sheath of tubular protection of tension elements whose usefulness will be described more far. The other end of the anchoring piece 1 is closed by a bottom wall 14. The external shape of the anchoring piece 1, respectively of the cavity internal 11 is essentially tapered, for example in a truncated cone or pyramid, with the smallest cross-section close to opening 12 and the strongest cross section close to the bottom wall 14. An inlet orifice 15 is arranged near the bottom wall 14, an injection tube 16 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said intake port. Similarly, a discharge orifice 17 is arranged near the opening 12, a tube evacuation 18 being fixed or capable of being fixed to said evacuation orifice. The usefulness of these orifices and tubes will be described below. Preferably the surface external tapered, respectively in truncated cone or pyramid, of the part anchor 1 comprises one or more anchor rings 19 arranged on the periphery of said surface, the aim of which is to improve the transmission and distribution of the anchoring force in the surrounding structure. The form shown in the figure comprises two such rings 19. The part anchor 1 can be made of synthetic material, metal or concrete, its dimensions essentially dependent on the importance of the anchorage considered.

    La figure 2A montre la première étape du procédé de fabrication d'un ancrage selon l'invention utilisant une telle pièce d'ancrage. Alors que la structure bétonnée environnante n'est pas encore faite, une pièce d'ancrage 1 est placée à l'endroit exact où l'ancrage doit être réalisé, l'ouverture 12 étant dirigée en direction des futurs éléments de tension. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est maintenue en place par un échafaudage provisoire ou de préférence par des fers 20 du ferraillage du béton. De préférence, mais sans que cela soit indispensable à l'invention on dispose autour de la pièce d'ancrage 1 un ou plusieurs fers circulaires 21 formant une ou des frettes, afin d'améliorer la cohésion du béton en cet endroit.Figure 2A shows the first step in the manufacturing process an anchor according to the invention using such an anchor. While surrounding concrete structure is not yet made, an anchor 1 is placed at the exact location where the anchoring is to be made, the opening 12 being directed towards future elements of tension. The anchor 1 is held in place by temporary scaffolding or preferably by concrete reinforcement bars 20. Preferably, but without this being essential to the invention, around the anchoring piece 1, one or several circular irons 21 forming one or more hoops, in order to improve the cohesion of the concrete in this place.

    Sur la figure 2B, on voit que la structure bétonnée 2 devant supporter l'ancrage a été bétonnée de manière conventionnelle autour de la pièce d'ancrage 1. La pièce d'ancrage 1 est ainsi entièrement entourée et maintenue dans la structure bétonnée 2, à l'exception de sa première extrémité munie de l'ouverture 12 qui vient à fleur de la surface supérieure de la structure bétonnée 2 ou qui, comme représenté ici, fait légèrement saillie pardessus ladite surface supérieure de la structure bétonnée 2, ainsi que des extrémités des tubes d'injection 16 et d'évacuation 18 qui restent accessibles hors de la structure bétonnée 2.In FIG. 2B, it can be seen that the concrete structure 2 in front support the anchor has been concreted in a conventional manner around the anchor piece 1. The anchor piece 1 is thus completely surrounded and maintained in the concrete structure 2, with the exception of its first end provided with the opening 12 which comes flush with the upper surface of the concrete structure 2 or which, as shown here, protrudes slightly above said upper surface of the concrete structure 2, as well as ends of the injection 16 and discharge 18 tubes which remain accessible outside the concrete structure 2.

    On constate donc, qu'à cette deuxième étape du procédé on a obtenu une cavité 11, de forme déterminée, à l'intérieur d'une structure bétonnée 2. Comme décrit jusqu'à présent cette cavité 11 a été obtenue en utilisant une pièce d'ancrage 1 munie d'une cavité préfabriquée. Une même cavité 11 dans une structure bétonnée 2 peut aussi être obtenue d'autres manières, par exemple en la confectionnant sur place. Par exemple, on peut prévoir un coffrage démontable, en bois ou en autre matériau, ayant une forme extérieure conforme à la forme désirée de la cavité 11, placé à l'endroit voulu et autour duquel la structure bétonnée 2 est ensuite coulée. Dès le durcissement du béton, le coffrage est démonté en agissant depuis l'ouverture 12 et est extrait de la cavité 11 par la même ouverture. Selon une manière assez semblable, on peut disposer d'une pièce souple et gonflable ayant, après gonflage, la forme désirée de la cavité 11 et qui est placée à l'endroit désiré. Après bétonnage de la structure bétonnée 2, la pièce gonflable est dégonflée, laissant une cavité 11 de forme voulue dans la structure bétonnée 2. Selon encore une autre manière, la cavité 11 peut être obtenue par forage d'une cavité 11 de la forme voulue dans une structure 2 existante. Cette dernière manière de faire par forage est plutôt réservée aux cas d'un ancrage directement en terre ou alors pour l'installation d'un nouvel ancrage sur une structure 2 existante. La cavité 11, obtenue de n'importe laquelle des manières décrites possède deux dimensions importantes, une surface de passage de l'ouverture 12 appelée S12 et une surface de section droite maximum appelée S11 (voir figure 1).We therefore see that at this second stage of the process we have obtained a cavity 11, of determined shape, inside a structure concreted 2. As described so far, this cavity 11 has been obtained by using an anchor 1 provided with a prefabricated cavity. The same cavity 11 in a concrete structure 2 can also be obtained from other manners, for example by making it on the spot. For example, we can provide a removable formwork, made of wood or other material, having a shape outer conforming to the desired shape of the cavity 11, placed at the desired location and around which the concrete structure 2 is then poured. Since the hardening of the concrete, the formwork is dismantled by acting from the opening 12 and is extracted from the cavity 11 through the same opening. In a way fairly similar, we can have a flexible and inflatable piece having, after inflation, the desired shape of the cavity 11 and which is placed in the place longed for. After concreting of the concrete structure 2, the inflatable part is deflated, leaving a cavity 11 of desired shape in the concrete structure 2. According to yet another way, the cavity 11 can be obtained by drilling a cavity 11 of the desired shape in an existing structure 2. This last way of drilling is rather reserved for anchoring directly in the ground or for the installation of a new anchor on a existing structure 2. The cavity 11, obtained in any of the ways described has two important dimensions, a passage surface of the opening 12 called S12 and a maximum cross-sectional area called S11 (see Figure 1).

    Lors de la troisième étape du procédé, visible à la figure 2C, l'élément de structure à précontraindre 3 est posé ou bétonné, de manière connue, par-dessus la structure bétonnée 2, ledit élément de structure 3 comportant de préférence un conduit ou un tube de gainage 30 dont une extrémité vient en regard de l'ouverture 12 pour être fixée sur les moyens de fixation 13 attenants à ladite ouverture. La section transversale du tube de gainage 30 ou du conduit aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 pour les éléments de tension correspond essentiellement à la section de l'ouverture 12 de la cavité 11. Le tube de gainage 30 ou le conduit correspondant aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 comprend au moins un orifice d'injection 31, relié à un tube d'injection 32, un au moins desdits orifices 31 étant disposé de préférence à proximité de l'extrémité du tube 30 proche de l'ouverture 12, de même qu'au moins un orifice d'évacuation relié à un tube d'évacuation, au moins un desdits orifices d'évacuation étant disposé à proximité de l'autre extrémité (non visible sur la figure) du tube 30, respectivement de l'élément de structure 3.During the third step of the process, visible in FIG. 2C, the structural element to be prestressed 3 is laid or concreted, so known, above the concrete structure 2, said structural element 3 preferably comprising a duct or a sheathing tube 30, one of which end comes opposite the opening 12 to be fixed on the means of fixing 13 adjoining said opening. The cross section of the tube cladding 30 or of the conduit arranged in the structural element 3 for the tension elements corresponds essentially to the section of the opening 12 of the cavity 11. The sheathing tube 30 or the corresponding conduit arranged in the structural element 3 comprises at least one injection orifice 31, connected to an injection tube 32, at least one of said orifices 31 being arranged to preferably near the end of the tube 30 near the opening 12, even at least one discharge orifice connected to a discharge tube, to the at least one of said discharge orifices being disposed close to the other end (not visible in the figure) of the tube 30, respectively of the element structure 3.

    La quatrième étape, montrée à la figure 2D consiste à introduire les éléments de tension. The fourth step, shown in Figure 2D, is to introduce the tension elements.

    Pour ceci, on peut se reporter aux figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D qui montrent, à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, quatre formes d'exécution d'un tel élément de tension 4. L'élément de tension 4 est essentiellement constitué d'une tige de traction 40 et d'une portion d'extrémité 41. La portion d'extrémité 41 sur la tige de traction 40 est conçue de telle manière que ladite portion d'extrémité 41 possède une surface de section transversale S41 plus grande que la surface de section transversale S40 de la tige de traction 40, ceci pour les raisons qui seront expliquées plus bas. L'autre extrémité de la tige de traction 40 ne comporte pas de portion d'extrémité de ce type et est constituée pour un ancrage normal, connu de la technique.For this, we can refer to Figures 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D which show, by way of nonlimiting examples, four embodiments of such a tension element 4. Tension element 4 consists essentially of a pull rod 40 and an end portion 41. The end portion 41 on the pull rod 40 is designed such that said portion end 41 has a larger cross-sectional area S41 than the cross-sectional area S40 of the draw rod 40, this for the reasons which will be explained below. The other end of the rod traction 40 does not have an end portion of this type and is constituted for normal anchoring, known in the art.

    La tige de traction 40 peut être de n'importe quel type connu, étant constituée soit d'un brin unitaire, soit d'une pluralité de brins assemblés hélicoïdalement afin de constituer un câble de traction. Le brin unitaire ou les brins assemblés afin de former la tige de traction 40 peuvent être en acier, de préférence un acier à haute résistance à la traction ou en matériau synthétique, par exemple à base de fibres de carbone ou de Kevlar.The pull rod 40 can be of any known type, being made up either of a unitary strand or of a plurality of assembled strands helically to form a pull cable. The unitary strand or strands assembled to form the draw rod 40 may be of steel, of preferably high tensile steel or synthetic material, for example based on carbon fibers or Kevlar.

    La portion d'extrémité 41 peut être constituée d'une pièce d'extrémité 41, métallique ou en matériau synthétique qui est solidement fixée à l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. Le choix du matériau de la pièce d'extrémité 41 ainsi que son mode de fixation à la tige de traction 40 dépendent essentiellement du matériau ainsi que de la manière dont est constituée la tige de traction 40. La pièce d'extrémité 41 comprend essentiellement un corps central 42, limité par une portion supérieure 43 et une portion inférieure 44. Le corps central peut avoir une forme cylindrique droite, avec une section droite circulaire comme sur la figure 3A ou polygonale ou alors une forme effilée en tronc de cône ou de pyramide, avec une section droite circulaire, ou polygonale comme sur la figure 3B. Dans le cas d'une forme effilée la partie de plus faible section est celle adjacente à la portion supérieure 43. Les deux portions 43 et 44 sont de préférence bombées ou formées de plans inclinés, de manière à faciliter le glissement d'une portion d'extrémité en cours d'installation sur une autre portion d'extrémité déjà installée, comme on le verra plus bas. The end portion 41 may consist of a part end 41, metallic or synthetic material which is securely attached at the end of the pull rod 40. The choice of the material of the part end 41 as well as its method of attachment to the pull rod 40 depend essentially the material and how the rod is made tensile 40. The end piece 41 essentially comprises a body central 42, limited by an upper portion 43 and a lower portion 44. The central body can have a straight cylindrical shape, with a straight section circular as in Figure 3A or polygonal or a tapered shape trunk of cone or pyramid, with a circular cross section, or polygonal as in Figure 3B. In the case of a tapered shape the part of lower section is that adjacent to the upper portion 43. Both portions 43 and 44 are preferably curved or formed of inclined planes, of so as to facilitate the sliding of an end portion during installation on another end portion already installed, as will be seen below.

    Selon une autre forme d'exécution, la portion d'extrémité 41 peut être formée par déformation ou usinage directement sur l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. Les figures 3C et 3D montrent des exemples de portions d'extrémités de ce type. Sur la figure 3C, la tige de traction 40 est constituée d'un brin unitaire et la portion d'extrémité 41 est obtenue par déformation, par exemple par forgeage, matriçage ou estampage, de l'extrémité de la tige de traction 40. La figure 3D montre un exemple de portion d'extrémité 41 obtenue sur une tige de traction 40 constituée de brins assemblés. Dans cet exemple, l'extrémité de chaque brin a été écartée de sa position normale, une bague ou une ligature pouvant être prévue juste avant cet écartement afin d'empêcher une détoronnage du reste du câble de traction. Les extrémités écartées des brins peuvent être maintenues en position par une pièce complémentaire de maintien 45, par exemple un disque circulaire soudé ou fixé de n'importe quelle manière sous les brins écartés ou alors peuvent être laissés libres. Selon une forme d'exécution non représentée, la pièce de maintien des brins écartés peut être constituée d'un élément ayant la forme de deux portions coniques accolées par leur base, une première portion conique étant introduite entre les brins pour les écarter, alors que la deuxième portion conique a le même usage que la portion inférieure 44 décrite plus haut. Ainsi, selon n'importe quelle forme d'exécution de la portion d'extrémité 41, celle-ci peut aussi avoir une forme circulaire ou polygonale et comprendre les portions supérieure et inférieure 43 et 44 comme décrit précédemment.According to another embodiment, the end portion 41 can be formed by deformation or machining directly on the end of the rod tensile 40. Figures 3C and 3D show examples of portions such ends. In FIG. 3C, the pull rod 40 is made up of a unitary strand and the end portion 41 is obtained by deformation, by example by forging, stamping or stamping, of the end of the rod traction 40. FIG. 3D shows an example of end portion 41 obtained on a pull rod 40 made up of assembled strands. In this example, the end of each strand has been moved from its normal position, a ring or a ligature can be provided just before this spacing to prevent untwisting of the rest of the traction cable. The separated ends of the strands can be held in position by a complementary piece of holding 45, for example a circular disc welded or fixed of any way under the spread strands or so can be left free. According to one embodiment not shown, the part for holding the strands apart may consist of an element in the form of two conical portions joined by their base, a first conical portion being introduced between the strands to spread them apart, while the second conical portion has the same use than the lower portion 44 described above. So whatever embodiment of the end portion 41, this may also have a circular or polygonal shape and understand the upper portions and lower 43 and 44 as described above.

    Les exemples décrits de pièces d'extrémités 41 ou de portions d'extrémités déformées 41 ne sont pas limitatifs tant dans leur forme que leur moyen d'obtention; tout moyen permettant d'augmenter la surface de la section transversale de la portion d'extrémité de la tige de traction 40 peut être envisagé. Dans la suite de la description on parlera de pièce d'extrémité 41, étant bien entendu qu'il peut aussi s'agir d'une portion d'extrémité comme décrite plus haut.The described examples of end pieces 41 or portions deformed ends 41 are not limiting both in their shape and their means of obtaining; any means to increase the area of the section transverse of the end portion of the pull rod 40 can be considered. In the following description, we will speak of end piece 41, it being understood that it can also be an end portion such as described above.

    En revenant à la figure 2D, on voit qu'un premier élément de tension 4 a été poussé dans le tube de guidage 30 puis dans la cavité 11, jusqu'à ce que sa pièce d'extrémité 41 arrive au contact de la surface inférieure de ladite cavité. Un deuxième élément de tension 4 est en cours d'être installé de la même manière.Returning to Figure 2D, we see that a first element of tension 4 has been pushed into the guide tube 30 and then into the cavity 11, until that its end piece 41 comes into contact with the lower surface of said cavity. A second tension element 4 is being installed from the same way.

    La figure 2E montre l'utilité de la forme bombée ou inclinée qui peut être prévue sur les portions supérieure 43 et inférieure 44 de la pièce d'extrémité 41. Lorsqu'un élément de tension 4 est en cours d'installation, il est fort possible que sa pièce d'extrémité 41 vienne buter contre une autre pièce d'extrémité d'un élément de tension déjà installé. De par la forme bombée ou inclinée desdites portions, la deuxième pièce d'extrémité ne se coince pas contre la première mais en est écartée et glisse contre elle jusqu'à trouver sa position finale à côté de celle-ci.Figure 2E shows the usefulness of the curved or inclined shape which can be provided on the upper 43 and lower 44 portions of the part end 41. When a tension element 4 is being installed, it is very likely that its end piece 41 will come up against another piece end of a tension element already installed. Due to the curved shape or inclined of said portions, the second end piece does not get stuck against the first but is moved away from it and slides against it until it finds its final position next to it.

    La figure 2F montre qu'après qu'un certain nombre d'éléments de tension aient été installés, une nouvelle pièce d'extrémité à installer peut ne pas trouver sa place au fond de la cavité 11; dans ce cas, il suffit, pour que l'élément de tension en question remplisse ultérieurement entièrement son rôle, que la pièce d'extrémité soit poussée le plus bas possible dans la cavité, jusqu'à ce qu'elle arrive en butée contre une ou plusieurs pièces déjà installée ou contre la paroi latérale de la cavité.Figure 2F shows that after a number of elements of have been installed, a new end piece to be installed may not not find its place at the bottom of the cavity 11; in this case, it suffices for the tension element in question subsequently fully fills its role, that the end piece is pushed as low as possible into the cavity, until it stops against one or more parts already installed or against the side wall of the cavity.

    Pour la réalisation de l'ancrage du haubanage ou de l'élément précontraint, il est nécessaire d'introduire un certain nombre "N" d'éléments de tension 4 dans la cavité 11. Sachant que la section droite de chaque tige de traction 40 a une surface S40 et que la surface maximum de la section droite de la pièce d'extrémité 41 vaut S41 (voir figures 3A, 3B, 3C et 3D) on doit avoir les relations suivantes:

    • pour permettre l'introduction du dernier élément de tension 4, respectivement pour permettre le passage de la dernière pièce d'extrémité 41 dans le tube de guidage 30, respectivement dans l'ouverture 12, on a: [(N - 1) x S40] + S41 < S12.    S12 correspondant à la surface de la section droite de l'ouverture 12 (fig 1).
    • pour permettre une bonne disposition des pièces d'extrémité 41 sur le fond de la cavité 11, on a: (N x S41) < S11.    S11 correspondant à la surface de la section droite de plus forte surface de la cavité 11 (fig 1).
    To achieve the anchoring of the guying or the prestressed element, it is necessary to introduce a certain number "N" of tension elements 4 in the cavity 11. Knowing that the cross section of each traction rod 40 has a surface S40 and that the maximum surface of the cross section of the end piece 41 is worth S41 (see FIGS. 3A, 3B, 3C and 3D) the following relationships must be obtained:
    • to allow the introduction of the last tension element 4, respectively to allow the passage of the last end piece 41 in the guide tube 30, respectively in the opening 12, we have: [(N - 1) x S40] + S41 <S12. S12 corresponding to the surface of the cross section of the opening 12 (fig 1).
    • to allow a good arrangement of the end pieces 41 on the bottom of the cavity 11, we have: (N x S41) <S11. S11 corresponding to the surface of the straight section with the largest surface of the cavity 11 (fig 1).

    Lorsque tous les éléments de tension 4 ont été poussés à travers le conduit ou le tube 30 de manière à ce que toutes leurs pièces d'extrémité 41 se soient logées dans la cavité 11 comme indiqué ci-dessus on peut passer à l'étape suivante du procédé comme on le voit à la figure 2G. Lors de cette étape, on introduit un matériau de scellement liquide 50 par le tube d'injection 16; ce matériau pénètre dans la cavité 11 par l'orifice d'injection 15 et remplit les espaces vides entre les pièces d'extrémité 41 et les extrémités des tiges de traction 40 dans la cavité 11, jusqu'à remplir au moins partiellement la cavité 11. Durant cette opération, l'orifice d'évacuation 17, respectivement le tube d'évacuation 18 sert à évacuer l'air contenu dans la cavité 11 durant son remplissage ainsi qu'à contrôler le niveau de remplissage de la cavité 11. De manière préférentielle, la cavité 11 est remplie jusqu'à ce que la masse liquide introduite atteigne le niveau de l'orifice d'évacuation 17. Le matériau contenu dans la cavité 11 se durcit ensuite afin de former un bloc rigide de haute résistance mécanique 5 dans lequel les pièces d'extrémité 41 ainsi que les extrémités des tiges de traction 40 sont encastrées.When all of the tension elements 4 have been pushed through the conduit or tube 30 so that all of their end pieces 41 are are housed in the cavity 11 as indicated above we can go to the next step in the process as seen in Figure 2G. During this step, a liquid sealing material 50 is introduced through the injection tube 16; this material enters the cavity 11 through the injection orifice 15 and fills the empty spaces between the end pieces 41 and the ends of the rods traction 40 in the cavity 11, until at least partially filling the cavity 11. During this operation, the discharge orifice 17, respectively the tube exhaust 18 serves to evacuate the air contained in the cavity 11 during its filling as well as checking the filling level of the cavity 11. From preferably, the cavity 11 is filled until the liquid mass introduced reaches the level of the discharge orifice 17. The material contained in the cavity 11 then hardens in order to form a rigid block of high mechanical resistance 5 in which the end pieces 41 as well as the ends of the pull rods 40 are embedded.

    A l'étape suivante, représentée à la figure 2H, les éléments de tension 4 sont chacun soumis à une traction jusqu'à atteindre la valeur de tension de précontrainte prescrite. Cette mise en traction s'effectue de manière conventionnelle, en agissant sur l'autre extrémité de chaque élément de tension 4, respectivement de chaque tige de traction 40, les éléments de tension étant mis en prétension simultanément ou séquentiellement. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure, la forme effilée, tronconique ou pyramidale de la cavité 11, respectivement de la masse durcie dans laquelle les pièces d'extrémités 41 et les extrémités des tiges 40 des éléments de tension 4 sont encastrées, permet un ancrage efficace en coin dans la structure bétonnée environnante 2. Contrairement aux dispositifs connus de l'art antérieur mentionnés précédemment, cette forme en coin empêche tout éventuel déplacement axial de la masse durcie 5 et provoque une transmission des efforts d'ancrage dans la structure environnante 2 par compression axiale et non pas par simple adhérence. La longueur de cet ancrage est donc favorablement réduite.In the next step, represented in FIG. 2H, the elements of tension 4 are each subjected to a traction until reaching the value of prescribed prestressing tension. This pulling is carried out so conventional, by acting on the other end of each element of tension 4, respectively of each draw rod 40, the elements of voltage being pretensioned simultaneously or sequentially. As we can see in the figure, the tapered, frustoconical or pyramidal shape of the cavity 11, respectively of the hardened mass in which the parts ends 41 and the ends of the rods 40 of the tensioning elements 4 are recessed, allows effective corner anchoring in the concrete structure 2. Unlike the devices known in the prior art mentioned above, this wedge shape prevents any possible axial displacement of the hardened mass 5 and causes transmission of anchoring forces in the surrounding structure 2 by axial compression and not by simple adhesion. The length of this anchor is therefore favorably reduced.

    Une sécurité d'ancrage supplémentaire est assurée par la disposition particulière des pièces d'extrémités 41 à l'intérieur de la cavité 11. En considérant que les pièces d'extrémité 41 sont disposées en faisceau dans la cavité 11, la surface de la section droite générée par l'enveloppe du faisceau des pièces d'extrémités 41 assemblées est supérieure à la surface de l'ouverture 12 de la cavité 11. Le faisceau de pièces d'extrémités 41 est donc bloqué dans la cavité 11.Additional anchoring security is provided by the particular arrangement of the end pieces 41 inside the cavity 11. Considering that the end pieces 41 are arranged in a bundle in the cavity 11, the surface of the cross section generated by the envelope of the beam end pieces 41 assembled is greater than the surface of the opening 12 of the cavity 11. The bundle of end pieces 41 is therefore blocked in the cavity 11.

    En reprenant les expressions mentionnées précédemment, on a la relation suivante:

    • pour permettre un blocage des éléments de tension 4 dans la cavité 11 en empêchant la sortie des pièces d'extrémités bloquées entre elles par l'ouverture 12, on doit avoir: (N x S41) * > S12.
    Using the expressions mentioned above, we have the following relation:
    • to allow the tensioning elements 4 to be blocked in the cavity 11 while preventing the exit of the end pieces blocked between them by the opening 12, one must have: (N x S41) *> S12.

    Dans l'expression ci-dessus, (N x S41 )* représente de manière générale la surface générée par l'enveloppe du faisceau des N pièces d'extrémités assemblées, ayant chacune une surface de section droite S41. Afin de tenir compte du fait qu'éventuellement une ou deux pièces d'extrémités 41 peuvent ne pas avoir trouvé leur place, comme indiqué en regard de la figure 2H, les sections individuelles S41 et la section de passage S12 doivent être dimensionnées pour un blocage des pièces d'extrémités 41 lorsque l'effort de traction s'exerce simultanément sur tous les éléments de tension 4. In the above expression, (N x S41) * represents so general the area generated by the envelope of the beam of N parts of assembled ends, each having a cross-sectional area S41. To take into account that possibly one or two end pieces 41 may not have found their place, as indicated opposite the Figure 2H, the individual sections S41 and the passage section S12 must be dimensioned for blocking the end pieces 41 when the force traction is exerted simultaneously on all the tension elements 4.

    Il est à remarquer que l'étape qui vient d'être décrite de prétension des éléments de tension 4 peut être réalisée différemment que décrite, notamment dans le cas d'un simple haubanage non prétendu.It should be noted that the stage which has just been described of pretensioning tension elements 4 can be produced differently than described, especially in the case of a simple pretended guy line.

    Lors d'une dernière étape du procédé, vue à la figure 2L, l'espace vide à l'intérieur du tube de gainage 30, respectivement à l'intérieur du conduit aménagé dans l'élément de structure 3 peut être rempli d'un autre matériau de scellement 60 par le ou les tubes d'injection 32 et le ou les orifices d'injection 31 afin de préserver l'étanchéité du système prétendu et d'empêcher la corrosion des éléments de prétension. Cette dernière étape est aussi facultative, dépendant si une telle protection 6 est requise ou nécessaire.During a last step of the process, seen in FIG. 2L, the space vacuum inside the sheathing tube 30, respectively inside the duct arranged in the structural element 3 can be filled with another material of sealing 60 by the injection tube (s) 32 and the injection port (s) 31 in order to preserve the tightness of the alleged system and prevent the corrosion of pretensioners. This last step is also optional, depending on whether such protection 6 is required or necessary.

    On constate donc que l'on obtient ainsi un ancrage très efficace, l'effort de traction longitudinal de chaque élément de tension 4 étant repris principalement par sa pièce ou sa portion d'extrémité 41 et reporté sur le bloc de scellement durci à haute résistance mécanique 5. Une transmission efficace de cet effort est possible grâce à la fixation ferme de la pièce d'extrémité 41 sur la tige de traction 40; cette fixation pouvant être réalisée en usine, sa résistance mécanique est très élevée. Cet effort est ensuite reporté par les parois obliques de la cavité 11 sur la structure environnante 2. En disposant un ou plusieurs anneaux d'ancrage 19 sur la pièce d'ancrage 1,il est encore possible d'améliorer l'effet d'ancrage mentionné dans la structure environnante 2. Comme mentionné, des frettes 21 peuvent être prévues afin d'améliorer encore la cohésion de la structure environnante 2 autour de la cavité 11. En plus de la résistance longitudinale mentionnée, chaque extrémité de tige de traction 40 étant maintenue dans le bloc de scellement 5, un maintien par compression radiale de chaque tige 40 est obtenu en supplément.So we see that we get a very effective anchoring, the longitudinal tensile force of each tension element 4 being taken up mainly by its part or its end portion 41 and transferred to the block hardened sealant with high mechanical resistance 5. Efficient transmission of this effort is possible thanks to the firm fixing of the end piece 41 on the pull rod 40; this fixing can be performed in the factory, its mechanical resistance is very high. This effort is then reported by the oblique walls of the cavity 11 on the surrounding structure 2. By placing a or more anchor rings 19 on the anchor piece 1, it is still possible to improve the anchoring effect mentioned in the surrounding structure 2. As mentioned, frets 21 can be provided in order to improve still the cohesion of the surrounding structure 2 around the cavity 11. In more than the stated longitudinal strength, each rod end of traction 40 being maintained in the sealing block 5, a maintenance by radial compression of each rod 40 is obtained in addition.

    Ce type d'ancrage se prête particulièrement bien à un ancrage précontraint d'un élément de structure précontraint 3. Il peut aussi se prêter à un ancrage d'éléments de tension non précontraints, comme par exemple des haubans de retenu d'un mât ou d'un pylône, les haubans pouvant alors ne pas être protégés par un tube de protection 30. De même il n'est pas indispensable que la cavité 11 soit aménagée dans une structure environnante bétonnée, un forage en terre ou dans du rocher permettant d'obtenir une cavité requise peut aussi être prévu. La description a été faite pour une cavité dont l'axe longitudinal est essentiellement vertical, avec son ouverture 12 vers le haut. D'autres dispositions géométriques sont aussi possibles, les dimensions de la cavité 11 étant à adapter afin d'obtenir un remplissage suffisant de la cavité 11 par le liquide de scellement 50.This type of anchor lends itself particularly well to anchoring prestressed by a prestressed structural element 3. It can also lend itself to anchoring of non-prestressed tension elements, such as for example guy lines retained from a mast or pylon, the guy lines may then not be protected by a protective tube 30. Similarly, it is not essential that the cavity 11 is arranged in a surrounding concrete structure, a drilling in soil or in rock to obtain a required cavity can also be expected. The description was made for a cavity whose axis longitudinal is essentially vertical, with its opening 12 upwards. Other geometric arrangements are also possible, the dimensions of the cavity 11 being adapted in order to obtain sufficient filling of cavity 11 by the sealing liquid 50.

    Claims (31)

    Procédé de confection d'un ancrage de plus d'un élément de tension (4), ledit ancrage n étant accessible que par un seul côté, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend notamment les étapes suivantes: confection d'une cavité (11) dans une structure environnante (2), ladite cavité ayant une forme essentiellement oblongue, effilée et possédant deux extrémités, la surface de la section droite (S12) de l'extrémité disposée du côté accessible de l'ancrage étant inférieure à la surface de la section droite (S11) d'une autre portion de la cavité, la cavité comportant une ouverture (12) du côté accessible de l'ancrage, insertion successive par l'ouverture (12) d'une extrémité de chacun des éléments de tension (4), chacun desdits éléments de tension étant constitué d'une tige de traction (40) ayant une première surface de section droite (S40) et d'une portion d'extrémité (41) ayant une deuxième surface de section droite (S41) plus grande que ladite première surface de section droite (S40), et remplissage de la cavité (11) d'un matériau de scellement (50). Method for making an anchorage of more than one tension element (4), said anchoring being accessible only from one side, characterized in that it comprises in particular the following steps: making a cavity (11) in a surrounding structure (2), said cavity having an essentially oblong, tapered shape and having two ends, the surface of the straight section (S12) of the end disposed on the accessible side of the anchoring being less than the surface of the cross section (S11) of another portion of the cavity, the cavity comprising an opening (12) on the accessible side of the anchoring, successive insertion through the opening (12) of one end of each of the tensioning elements (4), each of said tensioning elements consisting of a pull rod (40) having a first surface of cross section (S40) and an end portion (41) having a second cross-sectional area (S41) larger than said first cross-sectional area (S40), and filling the cavity (11) with a sealing material (50). Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la confection de la cavité est obtenue par la pose d'une pièce d'ancrage (1) essentiellement oblongue, effilée et possédant deux extrémités, la surface de la section droite d'une première extrémité étant inférieure à la surface de la section droite d'une autre portion de la pièce d'ancrage, ladite pièce d'ancrage étant constituée essentiellement d'une paroi (10) limitant une cavité (11) de forme essentiellement semblable à celle de ladite pièce et munie d'une ouverture (12) ayant une première surface (S12) de section droite sur ladite première extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage et comportant une paroi de fond (14) sur la deuxième extrémité, une autre section droite de ladite cavité présentant une autre surface (S11) plus grande que la première surface (S12), ladite pièce d'ancrage (1) étant ensuite scellée ou bétonnée dans la structure environnante (2), laissant libre ladite ouverture (12). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the confection of the cavity is obtained by the installation of an anchoring piece (1) essentially oblong, tapered and having two ends, the surface of the cross section of a first end being less than the surface of the cross section of another portion of the anchor, said anchor essentially consisting of a wall (10) limiting a cavity (11) of shape essentially similar to that of said part and provided with a opening (12) having a first surface (S12) of cross section on said first end of the anchoring piece and having a bottom wall (14) on the second end, another cross section of said cavity having another surface (S11) larger than the first surface (S12), said part anchor (1) then being sealed or concreted in the surrounding structure (2), leaving said opening (12) free. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la confection de la cavité (11) est obtenue par la pose d'un gabarit démontable présentant une forme extérieure essentiellement oblongue et effilée, la structure environnante (2) étant ensuite bétonnée autour dudit gabarit, le gabarit étant ensuite démonté par une de ses extrémités, laissant une cavité (11) de forme essentiellement oblongue et effilée dans la structure environnante bétonnée (2) ainsi qu'une ouverture (12) vers ladite cavité, la surface de la section droite (S12) d'une portion de ladite cavité proche de l'ouverture (12) étant inférieure à la surface (S11) de la section droite d'une autre portion de ladite cavité.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the confection of the cavity (11) is obtained by the installation of a removable template presenting an essentially oblong and tapered external shape, the surrounding structure (2) then being concreted around said template, the template then disassembled by one of its ends, leaving a cavity (11) of essentially oblong shape and tapered in the structure surrounding concrete (2) and an opening (12) towards said cavity, the cross-sectional area (S12) of a portion of said cavity close to the opening (12) being less than the surface (S11) of the cross section of a another portion of said cavity. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la confection de la cavité (11) est obtenue par la pose d'une pièce souple gonflable, qui une fois gonflée présente une forme essentiellement oblongue et effilée, la structure environnante (2) étant ensuite bétonnée autour de ladite pièce gonflée, la pièce étant ensuite dégonflée, laissant une cavité (11) de forme essentiellement oblongue et effilée dans la structure environnante bétonnée (2) ainsi qu'une ouverture (12) vers ladite cavité, la surface (S12) de la section droite d'une portion de ladite cavité proche de l'ouverture (12) étant inférieure à la surface (S11) de la section droite d'une autre portion de ladite cavité.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the confection of the cavity (11) is obtained by the installation of a flexible piece inflatable, which when inflated has an essentially oblong shape and tapered, the surrounding structure (2) then being concreted around said inflated part, the part then being deflated, leaving a cavity (11) of essentially oblong and tapered in the surrounding structure concrete (2) and an opening (12) towards said cavity, the surface (S12) of the cross section of a portion of said cavity near the opening (12) being less than the surface (S11) of the cross section of another portion of said cavity. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la confection de la cavité (11) est obtenue par forage d'une cavité de forme essentiellement oblongue et effilée dans la structure environnante (2), ladite cavité possédant une ouverture (12), la surface (S12) de la section droite d'une portion de ladite cavité proche de l'ouverture (12) étant inférieure à la surface (S11) de la section droite d'une autre portion de ladite cavité.Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the confection of the cavity (11) is obtained by drilling a shaped cavity essentially oblong and tapered in the surrounding structure (2), said cavity having an opening (12), the surface (S12) of the cross section of a portion of said cavity near the opening (12) being less than the surface (S11) of the cross section of another portion of said cavity. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de confection de la cavité (11), il comprend une étape de pose ou de bétonnage d'un élément de structure à précontraindre (3), ledit élément de structure (3) comportant un conduit longitudinal (30) pour le passage des éléments de tension (4), une extrémité dudit conduit longitudinal (30) venant en correspondance (13) avec l'ouverture (12) prévue dans la cavité (11) de l'ancrage.Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the step of making the cavity (11), it comprises a step for laying or concreting a structural element to be prestressed (3), said structural element (3) comprising a longitudinal duct (30) for the passage of the tension elements (4), one end of said longitudinal duct (30) coming in correspondence (13) with the opening (12) provided in the cavity (11) of the anchor. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de remplissage de la cavité (11) d'un matériau de scellement (50), il comprend un étape de mise en tension de chacun des éléments de tension (4).Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that after the step of filling the cavity (11) with a material of sealing (50), it includes a step of tensioning each of the tension elements (4). Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'après l'étape de mise en tension des éléments de tension (4), il comprend une étape de remplissage du conduit longitudinal (30) de l'élément de structure précontraint (3) d'un matériau d'étanchéité (60).Method according to claim 7, characterized in that after the step of tensioning the tensioning elements (4), it includes a step for filling the longitudinal duct (30) of the structural element prestressed (3) with a sealing material (60). Pièce d'ancrage (1) pour la confection d'un ancrage de plus d'un élément de tension, ledit ancrage n'étant accessible que par un seul côté caractérisée en ce que ladite pièce est de forme essentiellement oblongue, effilée et possédant deux extrémités, la surface de la section droite d'une première extrémité étant inférieure à la surface de la section droite d'une autre portion de la pièce d'ancrage, ladite pièce d'ancrage étant constituée essentiellement d'une paroi (10) limitant une cavité (11) de forme essentiellement semblable à celle de ladite pièce et munie d'une ouverture (12) ayant une première surface (S12) de section droite sur ladite première extrémité de la pièce d'ancrage et comportant une paroi de fond (14) sur la deuxième extrémité, une autre section droite de ladite cavité présentant une autre surface (S11) plus grande que la première surface (S12).Anchor piece (1) for making an anchor of more than one tension element, said anchor being accessible only from one side characterized in that said part is of essentially oblong shape, tapered and having two ends, the cross-sectional area of a first end being less than the cross-sectional area of another portion of the anchor piece, said anchor piece being constituted essentially a wall (10) limiting a cavity (11) of shape essentially similar to that of said part and provided with an opening (12) having a first surface (S12) of cross section on said first end of the anchoring piece and having a bottom wall (14) on the second end, another cross section of said cavity having a other surface (S11) larger than the first surface (S12). Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle possède une forme essentiellement en tronc de cône.Anchor according to claim 9, characterized in that that it has an essentially truncated cone shape. Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle possède une forme essentiellement en tronc de pyramide.Anchor according to claim 9, characterized in that that it has a shape essentially in the trunk of a pyramid. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est munie d'un orifice d'injection (15) disposé à proximité de sa paroi de fond (14), ledit orifice d'injection étant relié, ou apte à être relié à un tube d'injection (16) d'un produit liquide ou semi-liquide (50).Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that it is provided with an injection orifice (15) arranged at near its bottom wall (14), said injection orifice being connected, or capable of be connected to an injection tube (16) of a liquid or semi-liquid product (50). Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 12, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est munie d'un orifice d'échappement (17) disposé à proximité de son ouverture (12), ledit orifice d'échappement étant relié, ou apte à être relié à un tube d'échappement (18).Anchor according to claim 12, characterized in that it is provided with an exhaust orifice (17) disposed near its opening (12), said exhaust orifice being connected, or capable of being connected to a exhaust pipe (18). Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 13, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture (12) est munie de moyens d'accrochage (13) d'un tube de guidage (30) destiné à contenir des éléments de tension (4).Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 13, characterized in that the opening (12) is provided with hooking means (13) a guide tube (30) intended to contain tension elements (4). Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 14, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est munie d'au moins un élargissement périphérique (19) sur sa surface latérale extérieure.Anchoring piece according to one of claims 9 to 14, characterized in that it is provided with at least one peripheral widening (19) on its outer lateral surface. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est au moins partiellement réalisée en métal.Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is at least partially made of metal. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est au moins partiellement réalisée en matériau synthétique.Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is at least partially made of material synthetic. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 15, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est au moins partiellement réalisée en béton.Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 15, characterized in that it is at least partially made of concrete. Elément de tension (4) dont une extrémité est destinée à être introduite dans une cavité d'ancrage (11) d'un ancrage accessible d'un seul côté, caractérisé en ce que ledit élément de tension est constitué d'une tige de traction (40) munie à son extrémité destinée à être introduite dans ladite cavité, d'une portion d'extrémité (41) dont la surface (S41) de la section droite est supérieure à la surface (S40) de la section droite de ladite tige de traction (40). Tension element (4) one end of which is intended to be introduced into an anchoring cavity (11) of an anchoring accessible from a single side, characterized in that said tension element consists of a rod traction (40) provided at its end intended to be introduced into said cavity, an end portion (41) whose surface (S41) of the cross section is greater than the surface (S40) of the cross section of said pull rod (40). Elément de traction (4) selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité est constituée d'une pièce d'extrémité (41) fixée à l'extrémité de la tige de traction.Traction element (4) according to claim 19, characterized in that the end portion consists of an end piece (41) fixed to the end of the pull rod. Elément de traction (4) selon la revendication 19, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité (41) est obtenue par déformation de l'extrémité de la tige de traction (4).Traction element (4) according to claim 19, characterized in that the end portion (41) is obtained by deformation of the end of the pull rod (4). Elément de traction (4) selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que la tige de traction (4) est constituée d'un assemblage câblé de brins unitaires, la portion d'extrémité (41) étant constituée par l'écartement d'au moins un desdits brins unitaires, une pièce complémentaire (45) pouvant être prévue pour maintenir ledit ou lesdits brins en position écartée.Traction element (4) according to claim 21, characterized in that the pull rod (4) consists of a wired assembly of strands unitary, the end portion (41) being constituted by the spacing of at least at least one of said individual strands, a complementary part (45) being able to be designed to keep said strand or strands in the separated position. Elément de traction selon l'une des revendications 19 à 22, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion d'extrémité inférieure (44) de forme convexe.Traction element according to one of claims 19 to 22, characterized in that the end portion or the end piece (41) has a lower end portion (44) of convex shape. Elément de traction selon l'une des revendications 19 à 23, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion d'extrémité supérieure (43) de forme convexe.Traction element according to one of claims 19 to 23, characterized in that the end portion or the end piece (41) has an upper end portion (43) of convex shape. Elément de traction selon l'une des revendications 19 à 24, caractérisé en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion centrale (42) de forme effilée, la surface de la section droite de plus faible surface étant adjacente à la portion d'extrémité supérieure (43), alors que la surface de la section droite (S41) de plus forte surface est adjacente à la portion d'extrémité inférieure (44).Traction element according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the end portion or the end piece (41) has a central portion (42) of tapered shape, the surface of the section line of smaller area being adjacent to the upper end portion (43), while the cross-sectional area (S41) of larger area is adjacent to the lower end portion (44). Elément de traction selon l'une des revendications 19 à 24, caractérisée en ce que la portion d'extrémité ou la pièce d'extrémité (41) possède une portion centrale (42) de forme cylindrique droite ayant une surface de section droite (S41) constante, limité par une portion d'extrémité supérieure (43) et une portion d'extrémité inférieure (44). Traction element according to one of claims 19 to 24, characterized in that the end portion or the end piece (41) has a central portion (42) of straight cylindrical shape having a constant cross-sectional area (S41), limited by an end portion upper (43) and a lower end portion (44). Elément de tension selon l'une des revendications 19 à 26, caractérisé en ce qu'il est au moins partiellement réalisé en métal.Tension element according to one of Claims 19 to 26, characterized in that it is at least partially made of metal. Elément de tension selon l'une des revendications 19 à 26, caractérisé en ce qu'il est au moins partiellement réalisé en matériau synthétique.Tension element according to one of Claims 19 to 26, characterized in that it is at least partially made of material synthetic. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 9 à 18 associée à un nombre N d'élément de traction selon l'une des revendications 19 à 28, pour la réalisation d'un ancrage accessible d'un seul côté, caractérisée en ce que la surface de la section droite (S12) de l'ouverture (12) de la cavité (11) de la pièce d'ancrage (1) est supérieure à la surface constituée de la somme des surfaces des sections droites (S40) de (N-1) tiges de traction (40) ajoutée à la surface maximum de la section droite (S41) d'une portion d'extrémité ou d'une pièce d'extrémité (41) des éléments de traction (4).Anchor according to one of claims 9 to 18 associated to a number N of traction element according to one of claims 19 to 28, for making an anchor accessible from one side only, characterized in that that the surface of the cross section (S12) of the opening (12) of the cavity (11) of the anchoring piece (1) is greater than the surface made up of the sum of surfaces of the straight sections (S40) of (N-1) draw rods (40) added to the maximum cross-sectional area (S41) of an end portion or a end piece (41) of the traction elements (4). Pièce d'ancrage selon la revendication 29, caractérisée en ce que la surface de la section droite maximum (S11) de la cavité (11) est supérieure à la somme des surfaces maximum (S41) des sections droites des portions d'extrémité ou des pièces d'extrémité (41) introduites dans ladite cavité.Anchor according to claim 29, characterized in that that the surface of the maximum cross section (S11) of the cavity (11) is greater than the sum of the maximum areas (S41) of the cross sections of end portions or end pieces (41) introduced into said cavity. Pièce d'ancrage selon l'une des revendications 29 ou 30, caractérisée en ce que la surface de la section droite (S12) de l'ouverture (12) de la cavité (11) est inférieure à la surface de la section droite constituée par l'assemblage des surfaces des sections droites (S41) des portions d'extrémité ou des pièces d'extrémité (41) introduites dans ladite cavité.Anchor according to one of claims 29 or 30, characterized in that the surface of the cross section (S12) of the opening (12) of the cavity (11) is less than the surface of the cross section formed by joining the surfaces of the straight sections (S41) of the end portions or end pieces (41) introduced into said cavity.
    EP98810096A 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (13)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    ES98810096T ES2285752T3 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 EXECUTION PROCEDURE FOR ANCHORAGE, ANCHORAGE PART AND TENSION ELEMENT FOR THIS OBJECT.
    EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose
    EP05102789.4A EP1559847B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring
    DE69837524T DE69837524T2 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Method for producing an anchoring, anchoring part and tensioning element for this purpose
    AU13184/99A AU748723B2 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-01-21 Method, member and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
    US09/244,938 US6216403B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-04 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
    NO19990557A NO323179B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-05 Process for manufacturing an anchor, anchoring piece and anchoring clamping element
    JP03039499A JP3215381B2 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-08 Method, member, and reinforcing bar for constructing fixing device
    KR10-1999-0004175A KR100385237B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-08 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
    CNB991021568A CN1152995C (en) 1998-02-09 1999-02-09 Method, member, and tendon for constructing anchoring device
    HK00100815A HK1022007A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2000-02-11 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device.
    US09/799,283 US20010007185A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2001-03-05 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device
    US10/082,898 US20020078643A1 (en) 1998-02-09 2002-02-26 Method, member, and tendon for constructing an anchoring device

    Applications Claiming Priority (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    EP98810096A EP0935034B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose

    Related Child Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP05102789.4A Division EP1559847B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring

    Publications (2)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP0935034A1 true EP0935034A1 (en) 1999-08-11
    EP0935034B1 EP0935034B1 (en) 2007-04-11

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    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring
    EP98810096A Expired - Lifetime EP0935034B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Method of manufacturing of an anchoring, anchoring piece and tensioning element for this purpose

    Family Applications Before (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP05102789.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1559847B1 (en) 1998-02-09 1998-02-09 Tensioning element for the manufacturing of an anchoring

    Country Status (10)

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    US (3) US6216403B1 (en)
    EP (2) EP1559847B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP3215381B2 (en)
    KR (1) KR100385237B1 (en)
    CN (1) CN1152995C (en)
    AU (1) AU748723B2 (en)
    DE (1) DE69837524T2 (en)
    ES (1) ES2285752T3 (en)
    HK (1) HK1022007A1 (en)
    NO (1) NO323179B1 (en)

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    EP2594700A1 (en) 2011-11-18 2013-05-22 Soletanche Freyssinet Construction cable and process for anchoring such a cable
    FR2982890A1 (en) * 2011-11-18 2013-05-24 Soletanche Freyssinet STRUCTURE CABLE AND METHOD FOR ANCHORING A STRUCTURE CABLE
    GB2507089A (en) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-23 Ccl Group Ltd An anchor having expanded sections in multi wired tendons
    WO2014060764A1 (en) * 2012-10-18 2014-04-24 Ccl Group Limited An anchor arrangement
    US9279254B2 (en) 2012-10-18 2016-03-08 Ccl Stressing International Limited Anchor arrangement

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    JP2000064434A (en) 2000-02-29
    NO990557D0 (en) 1999-02-05
    NO990557L (en) 1999-08-10
    EP1559847A1 (en) 2005-08-03
    CN1152995C (en) 2004-06-09
    EP0935034B1 (en) 2007-04-11
    EP1559847B1 (en) 2020-03-25
    DE69837524D1 (en) 2007-05-24
    DE69837524T2 (en) 2007-12-20
    HK1022007A1 (en) 2000-07-21
    US6216403B1 (en) 2001-04-17
    KR19990072472A (en) 1999-09-27
    AU1318499A (en) 1999-08-26
    KR100385237B1 (en) 2003-05-23
    CN1225969A (en) 1999-08-18
    US20010007185A1 (en) 2001-07-12
    AU748723B2 (en) 2002-06-13
    JP3215381B2 (en) 2001-10-02
    ES2285752T3 (en) 2007-11-16
    NO323179B1 (en) 2007-01-15
    US20020078643A1 (en) 2002-06-27

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