Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
  • E03C—DOMESTIC PLUMBING INSTALLATIONS FOR FRESH WATER OR WASTE WATER; SINKS
  • E03C1/00—Domestic plumbing installations for fresh water or waste water; Sinks
  • E03C1/02—Plumbing installations for fresh water
  • E03C1/08—Jet regulators or jet guides, e.g. anti-splash devices
  • E03C1/086—Jet regulators or jet guides, easily mountable on the outlet of taps

Definitions

• the invention relates to a sanitary outlet fitting with a liquid guide which opens into a fitting outlet, in the area of which a sanitary functional unit designed as an insert cartridge is provided.
• jet regulators have already been created, which are provided as a sanitary functional unit in the area of the fitting outlet of a sanitary outlet fitting and are used to generate a soft, non-splashing water jet.
• the known jet regulators can be used regularly in a sleeve-shaped outlet mouthpiece that can be screwed onto the end of the fitting.
• the fitting and the associated mouthpiece have to be ground, polished and then also chrome-plated or painted together with great effort to ensure a smooth transition between the fitting and the mouthpiece without any color deviations and without reaching annoying gaps and ensuring the same diameter.
• the gaps between the fitting and the mouthpiece screwed onto the outlet end of the fitting which are common when using conventional mouthpieces, can not only disrupt the visual appearance of such a fitting, but can also form a hygienic weak point through the accumulation of dirt.
• liquid cross-section of the liquid guide is adapted to the insert cartridge, at least in the mouth area of the fitting outlet, and that the insert cartridge is in the fittings from the mouth side - Spout can be used and is detachably held therein.
• the functional unit designed as an insert cartridge, can be inserted into the fitting outlet from the mouth side and is detachably held therein.
• the liquid cross-section of the outlet fitting is adapted to the insert cartridge, at least in the mouth area of the fitting outlet.
• An outlet mouthpiece associated with additional, not inconsiderable costs can thus be dispensed with; such mouthpieces were previously associated with a disproportionately high share of the total cost of a spout. Since the screwing of such an outlet mouthpiece is dispensable and since such an outlet mouthpiece does not have to be processed together with the outlet fitting in order to adjust the color, the manufacture of the sanitary outlet fitting is significantly simplified.
• a mouthpiece can be dispensed with, the gaps between the mouthpiece and the outlet fitting, which are common even when using conventional mouthpieces, which would otherwise be optically disruptive and would conflict with high hygienic demands are avoided.
• the sanitary functional unit is detachably held in the tap outlet of the sanitary tap and can therefore be easily removed and removed by inexperienced users for service work, such as removing dirt or decalcifying.
• the insert cartridge is arranged with at least the major part of its longitudinal extent, preferably completely with its entire longitudinal extent, in the fitting outlet. If the insert cartridge is completely arranged with its entire longitudinal extent in the fitting outlet, it can be hidden, i.e. practically invisible and tamper-proof from the outside in the tap spout. From there, the cartridge can be removed again, for example with the help of a crown or fork wrench or another removal tool.
• the insert cartridge can be held directly in the fitting outlet without an additional adapter.
• Another embodiment according to the invention provides that the insert cartridge is held in the fitting outlet by means of a preferably sleeve-shaped intermediate holder.
• the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder can be inserted up to an insertion stop in the fitting outlet.
• the intermediate holder which can be inserted into the fitting outlet from the mouth side to be held releasably or non-releasably in the fitting outlet.
• the intermediate holder is held in the fitting outlet by means of an adhesive, clamping, latching and / or screw connection and / or by pressing, clawing or wedging. It is advantageous if the intermediate holder is preferably sealed all around with respect to the inner peripheral wall of the fitting outlet.
• the intermediate holder can be sealed in the outlet fitting using additional seals such as O-ring or flat gasket, by means of seals formed on the intermediate holder or with the aid of the connecting means, for example by means of the adhesives used when gluing the intermediate holder.
• the insert cartridge is held in the fitting outlet or in the intermediate holder by means of a clamp, snap or screw connection.
• the insert cartridge can be held in the outlet fitting or the intermediate holder by a single or multi-start screw connection or by snapping and thus by detachable connections which, if required, allow simple and rapid assembly and disassembly of the functional unit.
• the insert cartridge is also sealed off from the intermediate holder or the inner peripheral wall of the fitting outlet.
• Such a sealing of the functional unit against the intermediate holder or the inner peripheral wall the valve outlet can be made, for example, via an O-ring, a flat seal or other known seals.
• a preferred embodiment according to the invention provides that at least one ring seal, preferably at least one 0-ring, is provided for sealing between the insert cartridge or intermediate holder on the one hand and the outlet fitting on the other hand.
• the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder carries an external thread which can be screwed into an internal thread in the fitting outlet, and that the external thread and the internal thread are dimensioned and arranged in such a way that the When screwing in the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder, grasp the thread in a relative position of the outlet fitting on the one hand and the insert cartridge or intermediate holder on the other hand, in which the O-ring or similar ring seal provided on the outer circumferential side of the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder does not yet come into frictional contact with the outlet fitting.
• the arrangement of the ring seal which seals the insert cartridge radially in the valve body, means that a clear advantage can be used during assembly and disassembly:
• you have a much greater feeling of finding the thread since the ring seal only then compresses radially if the thread has already been found.
• the compression of the ring seal creates a lot of friction, which would otherwise make the feeling for assembly much more difficult.
• the selected arrangement of the ring seal has the advantage that the insertion cartridge is unscrewed from the screw connection with the valve outlet using the insertion and removal tool. As long as the ring seal is still in the pressed state, there is an axial forced movement through the thread.
• At least one circumferential seal is integrally formed on the insert cartridge, wherein the insert cartridge in the sealing area can be designed not only as a multi-component injection molded part, but in particular also as a single component injection molded part.
• a particularly advantageous further development according to the invention of its own worthy of protection therefore provides that the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder is connected in one piece with at least one seal that seals all around between the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder on the one hand and the outlet fitting on the other hand.
• the one-piece seal provided on the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder prevents creeping or leakage currents of the liquid flowing through the outlet fitting and others. between the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder on the one hand and the outlet fitting on the other.
• the upstream end edge region of the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder is designed as a sealing profile.
• Such a configuration can also be designed with a comparatively wide front edge be without the internal cross-section being restricted too much. This comparatively wide front edge on the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder can then be used very well for the design of a comparatively complex sealing profile.
• the sealing profile has at least one surface seal and / or a lip seal.
• These forms of the sealing profile together with the counter stop of the outlet fitting can effect an effective seal if the sealing profile acts on the counter stop and a line or / or surface pressure is exerted on the sealing profile.
• the insertion cartridge and / or the intermediate holder have an insertion stop on the inflow side, which limits deformation of the sealing profile in the use position. Otherwise, the sealing profile could be damaged or excessively deformed, which could lead to a leak in the area between the insert cartridge or intermediate holder and the outlet fitting and thus to corresponding leakage currents.
• the sealing profile has at least one seal with a sealing profile base, which is designed as an insertion stop.
• the sealing profile can be arranged on the upper boundary surface of the sealing profile base.
• the insertion stop can serve to limit the screw-in depth when attaching the insert cartridge or the intermediate holder to the fitting, for example by means of a screw connection. If the screwing is done manually without tools, the insertion stop can convey a feeling of strength of the screw connection by the action of the counter-stop on the valve can be felt through the insertion stop.
• the sealing profile and, if applicable, its insert stop cooperates with a front edge area of the outlet fitting which delimits the clear cross section , which the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder also serves as a counter-stop.
• the insertion stop is arranged adjacent to the sealing profile in a radial direction. This means that the insertion stop can absorb exactly the forces that could possibly damage the sealing profile.
• a space-saving arrangement of the insertion stop and the sealing profile can be achieved on the clear cross section of the jet regulator.
• a simple and yet effective sealing configuration of the sealing profile consists in the sealing profile having at least one annular circumferential sealing lip.
• This sealing lip can either be elastic and flexible and thereby adapt to the counter-stop in the outlet fitting when attaching the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder, or the sealing lip is designed so that deformation is difficult, so that the sealing lip only when attached sealed by a surface pressure through the counter stop of the outlet fitting.
• These two options can be combined with several sealing lips in different ways.
• a particularly advantageous embodiment of the sealing profile provides that the sealing profile has at least two circumferential sealing lips which become effective one after the other as the insertion pressure acting on the jet regulator increases.
• This graded configuration of the sealing profile can have the effect that the neighboring sealing lips of the sealing profile take effect in the event of failure of a sealing lip.
• an insertion pressure can be exerted in such a way that at least further seals of the sealing profile can also be effective.
• a further embodiment with sealing lips running in a ring shape and taking effect one after the other provides that these sealing lips have different heights.
• After prolonged use of the cartridge and / or the intermediate holder it is possible to maintain the sealing effect for a long time by retightening the component screwed to the outlet fitting. If the highest sealing lip is already somewhat damaged or worn or inflexible, the sealing lip closest in height can achieve the sealing effect again after tightening. In addition, small unevenness in the counter stop of the outlet fitting can be compensated for. It can be advantageous if the sealing lips have stepped heights and if the highest sealing lip forms the innermost or outermost seal of the sealing profile.
• the component of the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder which has the seal is produced as a multi-component injection-molded part, and that this component consists of a flexible and / or elastic material in the region of the at least one seal.
• this component consists of a flexible and / or elastic material in the region of the at least one seal.
• the seal and the component of the insert cartridge and / or the intermediate holder integrally connected to it are made of the same, preferably food-safe material. The manufacturing effort can be simplified and the tool costs for a possibly required injection molding tool can be kept comparatively low.
• a preferred development according to the invention provides that the sanitary functional unit is designed as a jet regulator.
• FIG. 1 shows a sanitary outlet fitting in the area of its fitting outlet, it being clear from the exploded cross-sectional view that a sanitary functional unit designed as a jet regulator can be detachably inserted into the fitting outlet,
• FIG. 2 shows an outlet fitting comparable to FIG. 1 and also shown in an exploded cross-sectional view, in which the insert cartridge is not held directly but indirectly via an intermediate holder in the fitting outlet
• 3 shows a sanitary outlet fitting, in the fitting outlet of which a sanitary functional unit designed as an insertion cartridge can be detachably inserted by means of an intermediate holder
• FIG. 4 shows a sanitary outlet fitting, in which the sanitary functional unit designed as an insert cartridge can be detachably inserted into the fitting outlet without an intermediate holder,
• Fig. 5 shows a sanitary outlet fitting, with one in the
• Faucet spout insert cartridge which is used to screw the cartridge in and out of the
• FIG. 6 shows a sanitary outlet fitting, in the fitting outlet of which an insert cartridge comparable to FIG. 3 can be detachably inserted by means of an intermediate holder, with this insert cartridge on the inflow side
• an all-round sealing seal is molded in one piece
• FIG. 7 shows the seal from FIG. 6 in a detailed representation in the area of its sealing profile, the sealing profile having a sealing lip and a radially adjacent insertion stop,
• FIGS. 6 and 7 shows a seal which is functionally comparable with FIGS. 6 and 7, but which has only a single sealing lip
• 9 shows a seal that is functionally comparable to FIGS. 6 to 8 and has a surface seal as a sealing profile
• FIGS. 6 to 9 shows a seal that is functionally comparable to FIGS. 6 to 9 and has two radially adjacent sealing lips with an oppositely directed bevel
• 11 is a seal which has two radially adjacent sealing lips with bevels in the same direction, and
• FIGS. 6 to 11 shows a seal which is functionally comparable to FIGS. 6 to 11 and has four radially adjacent, annularly encircling sealing lips.
• FIG. 1 and 2 show a sanitary outlet fitting in two different designs 1, 2.
• the outlet fittings 1, 2 have a liquid guide 3 which opens into a fitting outlet 4.
• a sanitary functional unit 5 is provided, which serves here as a jet regulator.
• the functional unit 5 serving as a jet regulator is designed as an insert cartridge, in the interior of which at least one jet splitting device and one jet regulating device are provided.
• the insertion cartridge 5 can be inserted into the fitting outlet 4 from the mouth side of the outlet fitting 1, 2 and is held detachably in such a way that the insert cartridge 5 is completely invisible here with its entire longitudinal extent Faucet spout 4 is arranged. While the insert cartridge 5 of the outlet fitting 1 shown in FIG. 1 can be inserted directly into the fitting outlet 4, the insert cartridge 5 of the outlet fitting 2 shown in FIG. 2 is held indirectly in the fitting outlet 4 via a sleeve-shaped or pot-shaped intermediate holder 6.
• This intermediate holder 6 can be detachably or non-detachably fastened in the fitting outlet 4. It is possible to fasten the intermediate holder 6 in the fitting outlet 4, for example by means of a clamp, locking and / or screw connection. If the intermediate holder 6 is glued in the fitting outlet 4, the adhesive used can at the same time also be used as a sealant for sealing the intermediate holder 6 against the inner peripheral wall of the fitting outlet 4. In such an embodiment, in which the intermediate holder 6 is non-detachably fastened in the outlet fitting 2, the fitting holder 6 can be inserted into the outlet fitting 2 in a simple manner by the valve manufacturer, in order then to remain therein for the entire life of the outlet fitting 2.
• the cartridge 5 is also releasably attached to the outlet fitting 2 in the intermediate holder 6, so that the user can easily remove it from the outlet fitting 2, for example for service work for removing dirt or decalcifying.
• the outlet fittings 1, 2 shown here can be produced without great effort and at comparatively low cost.
• special processing of the fitting outlet intended for receiving the intermediate holder 6 can be dispensed with.
• An additional cost reduction is achieved by eliminating the outlet mouthpieces previously required.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 show that it is possible to machine the outlet fitting in the area of the fitting outlet intended to accommodate the sanitary functional unit, for example by designing a simple blind hole or a blind hole with a simple holding geometry, for example a groove.
• processing of the outlet fitting may even be completely dispensed with.
• the intermediate holder 6 can be fastened in the valve outlet 4 by means of pressing, gluing, snapping, clawing or wedging, for example.
• the sealing of the intermediate holder 6 in the valve outlet 4 is possible, for example, with additional seals, such as an O-ring or flat gasket, molded onto the intermediate holder 6, or by the abovementioned connecting means, such as, for example, the adhesive used for gluing.
• the insert cartridge 5 is detachably fastened here in the outlet fittings 1, 2 by means of a screw connection.
• a screw connection Various variations are possible for attaching the cartridge, such as single or multi-start screw connections, snaps or other detachable connections that enable easy assembly and disassembly.
• the insert cartridge 5 is received directly in the mouth area of the fitting outlet 4, without an intermediate holder 6 being interposed.
• the outlet fitting 1 shown in FIG. 1 has an internal thread in the area of its fitting outlet 4, into which the insert cartridge 5 is inserted from the mouth side. can be screwed.
• the cartridge 5, which is designed as a jet regulator insert, can be screwed tight, for example, by means of a crown wrench, which acts on the outer contour of the cartridge between the longitudinal webs. Assembly and disassembly of the insert cartridges 5 intended for the outlet fittings 1, 2 is also possible using standardized or special tools which are attached to the lower end face of the insert cartridge 5 in order, for example, to screw the insert cartridge into the outlet fitting 1, 2.
• FIG. 3 shows a sanitary outlet fitting 2 in the area of the fitting outlet 4 of its liquid guide 3.
• a sanitary functional unit equipped as an insert cartridge 5 is provided, which is held in the fitting outlet 4 via a sleeve-shaped intermediate holder 6.
• the insert cartridge 5 can be inserted into the intermediate holder 6 from the inflow side of the intermediate holder 6 up to a holding shoulder 7.
• the intermediate holder 6 has an external thread 8 on its downstream peripheral edge region, which external thread 8 can be screwed into a complementary internal thread in the fitting outlet 4 such that the intermediate holder 6 and the insert cartridge 5 located therein with their entire longitudinal extent are completely in the fitting outlet 4 are arranged.
• annular seal 11 held in an annular groove 10 is provided on the circumference of the intermediate holder and seals in the radial direction between the intermediate holder 6 and the inner circumference of the outlet fitting 1.
• the insert cartridge 5 is formed here from an outflow-side jet regulator 12, which is preferably detachably connected on the inflow side to a flow-rate regulator 13 and to an upstream filter 14.
• the front screen 15 is detachably connected to the intermediate holder 6 and has for this purpose on its peripheral edge a circumferential locking projection 16 which engages in an annular groove on the inflow-side inner circumference of the intermediate holder 6. Between the front screen 15 and an upstream end face of the jet regulator 12 of the insert cartridge 5 there is an annular seal 17 sealing in the axial direction, the jet regulator 12 being held by an annular flange 18 between the holding shoulder 7 and the front screen 15.
• Functional units of conventional design can be used in the intermediate holder 6, which can be configured, for example, as a jet regulator, flow rate regulator, backflow preventer and / or front screen.
• FIG. 4 shows a sanitary outlet fitting 1, in the outlet end of which a sanitary functional unit designed as an insertion cartridge 5 can also be used without an intermediate holder.
• the insert cartridge 5 has a multi-part and here two-part cartridge housing 19, which has an external thread 21 on an outflow-side housing part 20.
• the insert cartridge 5 can be screwed to this external thread 21 with an internal thread which is arranged on the inner circumference of the liquid guide 3 provided at the outlet end of the outlet fitting 1.
• An annular seal 11 is also provided on the housing part 20 on the side of the external thread 21 facing away from the flow, which is located in an annular groove on the outer circumference of the cartridge housing 19.
• the insert cartridge 5 in FIG. 4 is also with its entire The longitudinal extent is arranged essentially completely in the fitting outlet 4.
• the insert cartridge 5 also has a jet regulator 12 on the outflow side, which has a jet splitter 22 and a subsequent jet regulating device 23.
• the jet regulator 12 is connected on the inflow side to a flow rate regulator 13 which is preceded by a front screen 14.
• the insert cartridge 5 in FIG. 4 is designed in a modular manner. While the housing part 20 also allows the installation of the insert cartridge without an intermediate holder 6 and without a mouthpiece in a discharge fitting 1, a further, downstream housing part, not shown here, can be alternatively provided without an external thread, which is used to install the insert cartridge 5, for example, in a conventional mouthpiece.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 show the installation of the insert cartridges in a discharge fitting designed as a cast part, it is shown in the right half of FIGS. 3 and 4 that these insert cartridges are also installed in a discharge fitting designed as a metal tube on the muzzle side can.
• FIGS. 3 and 4 indicate that the intermediate holder 6 in FIG. 3 and the insert cartridge 5 in FIG. 4 have a contoured outflow end face formed from projections and depressions 24, this contouring being designed as a tool engagement surface, for example for a complementarily shaped insertion tool , A conventional coin piece may also serve as an insertion tool.
• FIG. 5 shows an outlet fitting 1 that is comparable to FIG. 4 and assigned to insert cartridges 5 are, of which an insert cartridge 5 is located in the outlet fitting 1, while an identical insert cartridge 5 is provided for replacement.
• the outflow end face of each insert cartridge 5, 5 has a contour formed from projections and recesses 24 on the end edge, such that the recesses 24 of the insert cartridge 5 held in the outlet fitting 1 serve as a tool engagement surface for the projections 25 serve for replacement and other insert cartridge 5 'which can be used here as an insertion tool and vice versa.
• FIG. 6 shows an outlet fitting 2, into which, by means of an intermediate holder 6, an insert comparable to FIG. cartridge 5 can be used. While an intermediate seal 6 designed as an O-ring is provided on the intermediate holder 6 shown in FIG. 3, a seal 30 is instead integrally formed on the inflow cartridge 5 shown in FIG. 6 on the inflow side.
• the seal 30, which is integrally formed on the upstream end edge region of the cartridge housing, is designed as a sealing profile which has a sealing lip 31 and an outer insertion stop 32 which runs parallel to it.
• the insertion stop 32 limits the deformation of the seal 30 and its sealing profile in the position of use of the insertion cartridge 5.
• the sealing profile with the sealing lip 31 and its insertion stop 32 cooperate with a ring shoulder 33 which runs around the inner circumference of the fitting outlet and which limits the clear outlet cross section of the outlet fitting 2.
• the cartridge housing of the insert cartridge 5 with the seal 30 integrally molded thereon can be produced as a one-component or multi-component injection molded part.
• the cartridge housing and the seal 30 formed thereon are made from the same, preferably food-safe material. As a result, the manufacturing outlay can be simplified and the tool costs for a possibly required injection molding tool can be kept comparatively low.
• the insert cartridge 5 shown in FIG. 6 is structurally much simpler to design, since the additional attachment screen 15 configured as an inflow-side snap ring in FIG. 3 and the ring seals 11 and 17 can be omitted, which is assembly-wise and is much easier to manufacture.
• FIG. 6 The seal 30 from FIG. 6 is shown in detail in FIG. Longitudinal section shown. The sealing lip 31 and the outer insert stop 32 running in parallel therewith can be clearly seen.
• FIG. 9 shows a modified embodiment of the seal 30, the sealing profile of which is designed here as a surface seal.
• FIG. 8 shows an embodiment with a single sealing lip 31, which is arranged on a sealing profile base 31a.
• the sealing profile base 31a is designed as an insertion stop 32 which, in the embodiments of the seal 30 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, limits the insertion depth of the insertion cartridge in the outlet fitting.
• FIGS. 10 and 11 show two configurations of the seal 30 designed as a sealing profile, each with two sealing lips 31, which are arranged in a ring circumferentially around the inflow-side end edge region of the insert cartridge.
• the flanks of the sealing lips 31 are chamfered differently in order to influence the deformation in the use position.
• the opposing oblique flanks shown in FIG. 10 cause the sealing lips 31 to bend apart in the use position of the insert cartridge and thus also to be able to seal a wide end edge area.
• FIG. 11 shows two sealing lips 31, each of which has bevels on the outside and, as a result, is bent toward the center of the insert cartridge when the insert cartridge is in use.
• FIG. 12 An advantageous embodiment of the seal 30 is shown in FIG. 12, with sealing lips 31 running around on the sealing profile base and becoming effective one after the other. are seen, which are arranged in stages to each other and have different levels. These sealing lips 31 become effective one after the other with increasing insertion pressure acting on the insertion cartridge. After prolonged use of the cartridge, it is possible to maintain the sealing effect for a long time by tightening the cartridge and / or the intermediate holder. If the highest sealing lip 31, which is arranged here on the outer peripheral edge, has already become somewhat damaged or worn or inflexible, the sealing lip 31 closest in height can regain the sealing effect after tightening. In addition, small unevenness in the counterstop in the outlet fitting can be compensated for.
• sealing profiles described with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12 can be integrally formed not only on an insert cartridge but also on an intermediate holder, in particular on its upstream end edge.
• the sanitary functional units shown here can be inserted into the outlet end of a sanitary outlet fitting 1, 2 in such a way that a mouthpiece which can be screwed onto the outlet end from the outside can be dispensed with. Since there is no need for a mouthpiece in the outlet fittings shown here, there is also no gap otherwise remaining between the mouthpiece and the outlet fitting, which adversely affects the appearance of such an outlet fitting and prevents hygienic requirements due to the entry of dirt. Since the insert cartridge in the outlet fittings 1, 2 shown here is arranged with its entire longitudinal extension completely in the liquid guide of the outlet fitting, the outlet fitting can be colored or chromed evenly without great effort, without a mouthpiece or other components simultaneously sliding in the same way. color or shape would be easier to work with.
• the insert cartridge - as shown in FIG. 5 - is designed on its outflow side in such a way that an insert cartridge of identical construction but intended for replacement can be unscrewed and screwed on again, the insert cartridge also serves as a tool for assembly and disassembly.

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• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
• Public Health (AREA)
• Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
• Infusion, Injection, And Reservoir Apparatuses (AREA)
• External Artificial Organs (AREA)
• Domestic Plumbing Installations (AREA)
• Valve Housings (AREA)
• Devices For Dispensing Beverages (AREA)
• Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
• Cleaning In General (AREA)
• Nozzles (AREA)
• Coating Apparatus (AREA)
• Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
• Bidet-Like Cleaning Device And Other Flush Toilet Accessories (AREA)
• Safety Valves (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

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