EP1470299B1 - Procede et ensemble pour deshumidifier un mur - Google Patents

Procede et ensemble pour deshumidifier un mur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1470299B1
EP1470299B1 EP03706249A EP03706249A EP1470299B1 EP 1470299 B1 EP1470299 B1 EP 1470299B1 EP 03706249 A EP03706249 A EP 03706249A EP 03706249 A EP03706249 A EP 03706249A EP 1470299 B1 EP1470299 B1 EP 1470299B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
voltage
electrodes
arrangement according
electrode
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EP03706249A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1470299A1 (fr
Inventor
Manfred Arnold
Martin Fischer
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/70—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents
    • E04B1/7007—Drying or keeping dry, e.g. by air vents by using electricity, e.g. electro-osmosis

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an arrangement for dehumidifying a wall, in particular a masonry of buildings.
  • dehumidifying masonry methods are known in which suitable electric fields or electromagnetic radiation generated and directed to the masonry. These methods exploit the fact that electrical or electromagnetic fields have an effect on the moisture in the masonry and can be used for dehumidifying the masonry when suitably used.
  • electroosmotic methods are known in which an electric field is applied between mounted in the masonry masonry electrodes and embedded in the ground or in the ground area bottom electrodes. The electric field causes ions dissolved in the moisture to be drawn to the respective electrodes, the water molecules following the concentration gradient of the ions and thus being able to accumulate in the area of the bottom electrodes.
  • a disadvantage of conventional electro-osmosis processes is that, as a rule, residual moisture in the masonry, in particular in a lower base region, can not be removed. Extensive dehumidification of masonry is very time consuming, usually a high number of electrodes in the walls and the floor area must be provided, which leads to some significant structural interference in the masonry. Furthermore, the concentration accumulations of ions usually to efflorescence in the brickwork, which leads to aesthetic and qualitative impairments.
  • the EP 0 395 085 B1 shows such a method, in which the electromagnetic radiation generated by an electromagnetic resonator and emitted by an emitting device is directed onto the masonry, wherein the resonator for generating the electromagnetic radiation is excited with periodic electrical pulses of a pulse train frequency which is smaller than the natural vibration Frequency of the resonator is.
  • the frequency of the radiated electromagnetic radiation is in the range around 150 kHz.
  • the US 6,117,295 shows a method and an arrangement for dehumidifying a porous material using electroosmosis.
  • electrodes are mounted in the walls and in the floor of a building and connected together to the positive pole of a DC voltage source. Furthermore, an electrode is laid in the ground outside the building and connected to the negative pole of the DC voltage source.
  • a voltage pattern is input in which the DC voltage or positive DC voltage pulses of alternating magnitude negative voltage pulses and neutral voltage pulses is alternately interrupted.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method and an arrangement for dehumidifying a wall, in particular masonry, which ensure a relatively fast and high dehumidification of the wall with relatively little effort.
  • a cost-effective application in a small portion of the wall already allow a quick and safe dehumidification.
  • the wall may in particular a masonry of a building, for. B. masonry, concrete or similar material. Furthermore, the wall can in principle also be made of z. Wood or a wood product.
  • the wall may include both vertical wall areas as well as ceiling and floor areas.
  • a DC voltage is thus superimposed with a temporarily applied pulse voltage. Due to the DC voltage, according to the known principle of electroosmosis, a spatial concentration of the ions dissolved in the moisture, which entrain the moisture, is made possible. By reversely poled pulse voltage according to the invention a depletion of enriched with ions or conductive minerals and acids water molecules is temporarily achieved, which largely prevents the disadvantages of conventional electro-osmosis process described above. The moisture transport due to the ion concentration is not affected by the short-term voltage pulses, so that a fast and safe dehumidification is possible.
  • the alternating connection can be effected both with the total voltage composed of DC voltage and pulse voltage, and only with the DC voltage or the pulse voltage.
  • the alternate connection allows a more even accumulation of moisture in a larger section of the floor area.
  • the bottom electrodes may in particular have different lengths and / or be inserted or attached to different depths.
  • the electrodes may advantageously be designed as rods or rods insulated in a shaft region, the electrode end of which is exposed within the masonry or the bottom region.
  • a uniform formation of the electric field within the masonry and the bottom area is achieved, so that the formation of currents along the surface, which leads to a lower moisture removal in the masonry and to a greater blooming on the surface, is kept low.
  • the electrodes can z.
  • a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel or advantageously a conductive plastic, for.
  • a plastic material with Graphiteinlagerept be prepared to prevent corrosion and self-consumption of the electrodes.
  • the wall electrodes are advantageously arranged vertically one above the other in a line, whereby a rapid dehumidification in the vertical direction is made possible.
  • a wall electrode with a negative pole connection can be arranged vertically below the vertical wall region, whereby the vertical transport of moisture from the masonry can be improved.
  • a control device 1 is mounted on a masonry 2, which is formed above a bottom portion 4 or Erd Scheme.
  • the floor area 4 is bounded above by a lower edge 5 of the building, for example the lower edge of the basement or a floor slab.
  • moisture is contained, in particular moisture due to a new building, a repainting or by rising groundwater, backwater or leachate.
  • each masonry electrode is made of a conductive material, for example a metal such as aluminum or stainless steel or advantageously a conductive plastic, and surrounded in a shank region with an insulation 16, for example a shrink tube, so that only one electrode end 18 is exposed in the masonry 2.
  • Another masonry electrode 12 constructed in the same way is inserted vertically below the other masonry electrodes 7, 8, 9 at the lower end of the masonry 2 at an oblique angle into the base region 4.
  • bottom electrodes 13, 14 In the bottom area 4 below and laterally next to the masonry 2 are vertically from above bottom electrodes 13, 14 at different distances introduced to the masonry 2.
  • the two bottom electrodes 13, 14 are constructed according to the masonry electrodes 7, 8, 9, 12 described above and have a different length or shaft length, so that their electrode ends 18 are exposed at different depths below the lower edge 5.
  • the masonry electrodes 7, 8, 9, 12 are connected via lines 20 to a negative pole 28 and a cathode of a DC voltage source of 20 volts of the control device 1.
  • the bottom electrodes 13, 14 are connected via separate lines 21, each having a positive pole 25 and 26 of the DC voltage source of the control device 1, wherein alternatively the pole 25 or the pole 26 can be connected via a relay 23 to an anode of the DC voltage source of the control device 1.
  • a pulse voltage source is connected in parallel to the DC voltage source, which is reversed polarity with respect to the DC voltage source and thus the DC voltage source with inverse pulses with peak voltages of 1.5 to 3 V and Generated current pulses with a pulse duration of 0.2 to 2 s at a duty cycle DUTY of, for example, 25% to 80%.
  • a total voltage is applied between each of a bottom electrode 13, 14 and the masonry electrodes 7, 8, 9, 12 connected in parallel, resulting in a superimposition of the DC voltage and the reverse polarity of the pulse voltage.
  • the control of the switching of the relay 23 and the pulse voltage source can be done on the one hand according to a predetermined program of the control device 1. This can be done for example after measuring an initial moisture content of the masonry and depending on the size of the masonry or the total moisture contained in the masonry 2.
  • the controller 1 can be operated with standard mains voltage of 220 to 230 volts AC. A maximum output current of approx. 300 mA can be selected.
  • a plurality of moisture sensors 29 are provided at different positions of the masonry 2, which measure the moisture of the masonry 2 at their respective positions and moisture signals S1 via lines 30 to the control device first transfer; In principle, only one sensor 29 can be provided.
  • the control of the level of the DC voltage and / or the relay 23 and / or the pulse voltage source takes place as a function of the output from the sensors 29 moisture signals.
  • the control device 1 compares the humidity signals S1 with predetermined values and decides whether to stop a drying process.
  • the inventive method can be completely stopped or advantageously a part of the electrodes, for. B.
  • the bottom electrode 14 and optionally one or more wall electrodes are connected as a limiting electrode with a relation to the drying mode lower limiting current to maintain the dried state.
  • the structure of the control device 1 can in the embodiment of Fig. 2 z. B. according to FIG. 3.
  • the moisture signals S1 are received by an interface 32 and moisture signals S2 to a computing device 37 -.
  • the humidity signals S1 can also be output directly to the calculation device 37.
  • the calculation device 37 furthermore receives a time signal S5 from a clock 38 and a memory signal S4 from a data memory 40; the calculation device 37 preferably also stores memory signals S4 in this memory.
  • a power converter 36 receives an AC current through input terminals 33 from an external power supply and outputs the above-mentioned DC and pulse voltage.
  • the calculation device 37 continues to exist Switching signals S6 to a relay 34 for selectively outputting the voltages to the positive poles 25, 26 and preferably also a current control signal to the current transformer 36 for setting the drying mode with higher current or a limiting mode with a lower limiting current to keep dry an already dried wall, possibly also for switching off the current transformer 36.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)

Claims (24)

  1. Procédé de déshumidification d'un mur, en particulier d'un ouvrage de maçonnerie (2), suivant lequel au moins deux électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) sont disposées dans le mur (2), de manière verticalement espacées l'une de l'autre, au moins une électrode supplémentaire (13, 14) étant disposée à l'extérieur du mur (2) et entre les électrodes du mur (7, 8, 9) et l'électrode supplémentaire (13, 14) étant appliquée une tension continue, à laquelle est temporairement superposée une tension d'impulsion à polarité inversée, caractérisé en ce que l'électrode supplémentaire, dont au moins un exemplaire est prévu, est une électrode de sol (13, 14), disposée au-dessous du mur dans une zone du sol (4), que la tension continue est appliquée aux électrodes du mur et à l'électrode du sol, dont au moins un exemplaire est prévu, de manière que les électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) soient reliées à un pôle négatif (28) d'une source de tension continue (1), que l'électrode du sol (13, 14) soit reliée à un pôle positif (25, 26) de la source de tension continue et que la tension de pointe de la tension d'impulsion présente une grandeur plus petite que la tension continue.
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) sont disposées dans le mur (2) de façon que l'une se trouve au-dessus de l'autre, sur une ligne verticale.
  3. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une électrode de mur (12) reliée au pôle négatif (28) de la source de tension continue (1) est disposée dans la zone du sol (4), verticalement au-dessous des électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) prévues dans le mur (2).
  4. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que dans la zone du sol (4) sont disposées au moins deux électrodes de sol (13, 14), de préférence à une profondeur différente et que la tension continue et/ou la tension d'impulsion est appliquée de façon alternante à une des électrodes de sol (13, 14).
  5. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la tension continue se situe dans une plage de 10 à 30 Volt, de préférence aux alentours de 20 Volt.
  6. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'une tension de pointe de la tension d'impulsion se situe dans une plage de 0,5 à 10 Volt, de préférence de 1,5 à 3 Volt.
  7. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la durée d'impulsion des impulsions de tension se situe entre 0,1 et 4 s, de préférence entre 0,2 et 2s.
  8. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un courant passant entre les électrodes est limité à une plage d'intensité du courant de 100 à 500 mA, de préférence à 300 mA environ.
  9. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un rapport de pauses du courant pulsé se situe entre 20 et 90%, de préférence entre 25 et 80%.
  10. Procédé suivant une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'un degré d'humidité du mur (2) est mesuré à au moins un endroit, de préférence à plusieurs endroits et en ce que la tension continue et/ou la tension d'impulsion est réglée en fonction du degré d'humidité mesuré.
  11. Ensemble servant à déshumidifier un mur (2) avec au moins deux électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) disposées dans le mur (2), verticalement espacées l'une de l'autre, avec au moins une électrode supplémentaire, un dispositif de commande (1) avec une source de tension continue et une source de tension d'impulsion, les électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) et l'électrode supplémentaire (13, 14), dont au moins un exemplaire est prévu, étant reliées aux pôles différents (25, 26) de la source de tension continue, une tension d'impulsion brève produite par la source de tension d'impulsion étant temporairement superposée à la tension continue de la source de tension continue, la tension d'impulsion présentant une polarité inversée par rapport à la tension continue, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode supplémentaire, dont au moins un exemplaire est prévu, est une électrode de sol (13, 14) disposée dans une zone du sol au-dessous du mur (2), que les électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) sont reliées à un pôle négatif (28), que l'électrode de sol (13, 14), dont au moins un exemplaire est prévu, est reliée à un pôle positif (25, 26) de la source de tension continue et qu'une tension de pointe de la tension d'impulsion présente une valeur inférieure à celle de la tension continue.
  12. Ensemble suivant la revendication 11, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes de mur (7,8,9) sont disposées l'une au dessus de l'autre sur une ligne verticale dans le mur (2).
  13. Ensemble suivant la revendication 11 ou 12, caractérisée en ce qu'une électrode de mur (12) reliée au pôle négatif (28) de la source de tension continue (1) est disposée dans la zone du sol (4) verticalement au-dessous des électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9) prévues dans le mur (2).
  14. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 13, caractérisée en ce que l'électrode de sol (13, 14), dont un exemplaire au moins est prévu, est disposée au-dessous d'un bord inférieur d'une dalle de fond, c'est-à-dire d'une cave du mur.
  15. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 14, caractérisée en ce que deux électrodes de sol (13, 14) au moins sont disposées dans la zone du sol (4), de préférence à une profondeur différente, et reliées de façon alternante à la source de tension continue et/ou à la source de tension d'impulsion.
  16. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 15, caractérisée en ce que les électrodes de mur (7, 8, 9, 12) et/ou les électrodes de sol (13, 14) sont conçues en forme de barre et présentent, au niveau d'une section extérieure s'étendant depuis le bord du mur (2) ou depuis la zone du sol (4), une isolation (16), de préférence une frette, qui laisse libre une extrémité d'électrode (18) à l'intérieur du mur (2) ou à l'intérieur de la zone de sol (4).
  17. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 16, caractérisée en ce que la tension continue est comprise entre 10 et 30 Volt et s'élève de préférence à 20 Volt environ.
  18. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 17, caractérisée en ce qu'un courant passant entre les électrodes est limité à une plage d'intensité du courant comprise entre 100 et 500 mA, de préférence à 300 mA environ.
  19. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 18, caractérisée en ce que la tension de pointe de l'impulsion se situe entre 0,5 et 10 Volt, de préférence entre 1,5 et 3 Volt.
  20. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 19, caractérisée en ce qu'un rapport des pauses du courant d'impulsion se situe entre 20 et 90 %, de préférence entre 25 et 80%.
  21. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 20, caractérisée en ce que la durée d'impulsion de la tension d'impulsion se situe entre 0,1 et 4 s, de préférence entre 0,2 et 2s.
  22. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 21, caractérisée en ce que des capteurs sont prévus pour mesurer le mur (2), capteurs qui envoient au moins un signal de mesure au dispositif de commande (1) et en ce que le dispositif de commande applique la tension continue et/ou la tension d'impulsion en fonction du signal de mesure.
  23. Ensemble suivant une des revendications 11 à 22, caractérisée en ce qu'un, de préférence plusieurs capteurs d'humidité sont prévus dans le mur (2), capteurs d'humidité qui envoient respectivement un signal d'humidité (S1) au dispositif de commande (1).
  24. Ensemble suivant la revendication 23, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de commande (1) présente un transformateur d'intensité (36) servant à produire la tension continue et la tension d'impulsion, un relais (34) servant à relier un ou plusieurs pôles positifs (25, 26) au transformateur d'intensité (36), un dispositif de calcul (37) servant à déterminer un degré d'humidité sur la base des signaux d'humidité et à comparer ce degré d'humidité à des valeurs prédéfinies, ainsi qu'à commander le relais (34) et, de préférence, le transformateur d'intensité (36), ainsi qu'une mémoire (40) servant à mémoriser des données de réglage et à envoyer des signaux de réglage (S4) au dispositif de calcul (37).
EP03706249A 2002-01-25 2003-01-27 Procede et ensemble pour deshumidifier un mur Expired - Lifetime EP1470299B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200331000T SI1470299T1 (sl) 2002-01-25 2003-01-27 Postopek in sestav za susenje stene

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10202764A DE10202764A1 (de) 2002-01-25 2002-01-25 Verfahren und Anordnung zum Entfeuchten eines Mauerwerks
DE10202764 2002-01-25
PCT/DE2003/000207 WO2003062546A1 (fr) 2002-01-25 2003-01-27 Procede et ensemble pour deshumidifier un mur

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EP1470299A1 EP1470299A1 (fr) 2004-10-27
EP1470299B1 true EP1470299B1 (fr) 2007-08-01

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EP (1) EP1470299B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE368777T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10202764A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2003062546A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005019220A1 (de) * 2005-04-22 2006-10-26 Egbert Nensel Verfahren und Anordnung zur Trockenlegung von Mauer- und Bauwerk mittels Elektroosmose
FR2912667B1 (fr) * 2007-02-20 2011-07-29 Philippe Chateau Dispositif d'assechement d'un milieu poreux avec memorisation et controle de fonctionnement
DE102008042128B4 (de) * 2008-09-16 2014-03-27 Werner Büsch Verfahren und Vorrichtung insbesondere zum Trocknen von Mauerwerk
GB0918940D0 (en) * 2009-10-28 2009-12-16 Norsk Inst For Skog Og Landska Method
DE102015208204A1 (de) * 2015-05-04 2016-11-10 Schunk Wien Gesellschaft M.B.H. Verfahren zur Trocknung eines Baustoffkörpers
IT202100005570A1 (it) 2021-03-10 2022-09-10 Leonardo Solutions S R L Apparecchiatura per neutralizzare la risalita capillare di umidita’ in una muratura in modo controllato
CN114892835B (zh) * 2022-05-19 2023-09-15 长沙同强电子科技有限公司 一种电渗脉冲抗渗除湿系统的电极多点布设系统

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CH497614A (de) * 1969-03-25 1970-10-15 Technik Und Commerz Trust Reg Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entfeuchten von Bauwerken
DE2649611C3 (de) * 1976-10-29 1983-12-29 Institutul De Cercetari In Constructii Si Economia Constructiilor - Incerc, Bucuresti Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entfeuchtung von Bauwerken sowie zur Vermeidung der Befeuchtung bzw. Wiederbefeuchtung
US5015351A (en) * 1989-04-04 1991-05-14 Miller John B Method for electrochemical treatment of porous building materials, particularly for drying and re-alkalization
DE8905412U1 (de) 1989-04-28 1989-06-22 Coufal, Hans-Peter, Wolfhalden Elektronisches Gerät zur Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerk
AT394409B (de) * 1989-05-30 1992-03-25 Steininger Karl Heinz Vorrichtung zur elektrokinetischen entsalzung von mauerwerken
AT404270B (de) * 1992-09-01 1998-10-27 Nogler & Daum Eltac Vorrichtung und verfahren zur entfeuchtung von bauwerken
DE19800597A1 (de) * 1998-01-09 1999-07-22 Hildegard Berger Vorrichtung zur Entfeuchtung und/oder Entsalzung von Bauwerken
US6117295A (en) * 1998-04-15 2000-09-12 Drytronic, Inc. Method for dehydrating a porous material
DE19944757A1 (de) * 1998-09-17 2000-08-03 Schramm Technologievertrieb Gm Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Trocknung und Entfeuchtung von Mauerwerken
AT411278B (de) * 2001-04-20 2003-11-25 Kuno Kerschbaumer Einrichtung zum trockenlegen von mauerwerk und fundamenten

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Publication number Publication date
ATE368777T1 (de) 2007-08-15
DE10202764A1 (de) 2003-08-07
WO2003062546A1 (fr) 2003-07-31
EP1470299A1 (fr) 2004-10-27
DE50307810D1 (de) 2007-09-13

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