EP1466855A2 - Spannsystem für einen mobil-teleskopkran - Google Patents
Spannsystem für einen mobil-teleskopkran Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1466855A2 EP1466855A2 EP04006221A EP04006221A EP1466855A2 EP 1466855 A2 EP1466855 A2 EP 1466855A2 EP 04006221 A EP04006221 A EP 04006221A EP 04006221 A EP04006221 A EP 04006221A EP 1466855 A2 EP1466855 A2 EP 1466855A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mast
- clamping
- crane
- tensioning
- telescopic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/82—Luffing gear
- B66C23/821—Bracing equipment for booms
- B66C23/826—Bracing equipment acting at an inclined angle to vertical and horizontal directions
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C23/00—Cranes comprising essentially a beam, boom, or triangular structure acting as a cantilever and mounted for translatory of swinging movements in vertical or horizontal planes or a combination of such movements, e.g. jib-cranes, derricks, tower cranes
- B66C23/62—Constructional features or details
- B66C23/64—Jibs
- B66C23/70—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths
- B66C23/701—Jibs constructed of sections adapted to be assembled to form jibs or various lengths telescopic
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a clamping system for a mobile telescopic crane in which the telescopic mast is braced on the outside using a clamping device.
- the present invention in general the optimized integration of a clamping system and the related components with a boom construction on the superstructure of a mobile telescopic crane.
- the aim of any boom construction is to determine the ratio of the dead weight to the Keep payload small.
- the overall system must also have sufficient rigidity possess in order to meet the usability required in the standards.
- the hollow cross-sections used for a boom are mainly based on bending claimed. In terms of tension, only the edge fibers are used, the material in the middle is inactive. Other plate-shaped areas are at risk of stability, the use of higher quality material has no effect.
- a boom cross section for a guyed system with high-strength materials is in DE 201 20 121 U1. It teaches how to bend outwards Shell segment constructions can increase the payload. From DE 200 02 179 U1 and from DE 100 22 658 A1 guy structures are known which refer to an overvoltage arranged in the seesaw plane or inclined with respect to the seesaw plane restrict the main boom, with a rigid or variable mast on Boom base is attached.
- this object is achieved by a tensioning system which the clamping device is guided and fastened along or above the telescopic mast is that the mast is prestressed in the area of the clamping device guide.
- the advantage associated with the invention is based in particular on the fact that Dissolve bending beams, so that the material properties with high-strength mast materials very high yield strengths can be used.
- Prestressed masts can easily absorb the prestress in the material and use the cheap, resulting traction under load.
- such a prestressed system that the bending stiffness of the Boom is combined with a defined bracing force and the boom cross-section forms a low-cost unit with the prestressing and prestressing in all crane conditions.
- Limit stresses in the Edge fibers, both in the boom and in the turntable support for the counterweight and caused by bending are compensated by prestressing and bracing.
- the clamping means is on both sides of the mast part to be tensioned and pre-tensioned, so the pressure pre-tensioning is effective to be able to muster. It is possible to remove the clamping device from an external bearing point to a starting point in the upper mast area and then along the boom to one to drive inner or outer bearing point in the lower part of the mast. At the top attachment point the clamping device can be deflected by means of a roller.
- the clamping device in which an off and Preloading of the top chord of the mast takes place, is from a Crane superstructure provided pull unit or winch over at least one pylon and / or at least one guy support to the top of the mast.
- the pylon (s) can thereby pivotally attached in the area of the superstructure and in particular diagonally from the
- the rocker level should be arranged so as to be at an angle to the forces occurring at an angle to the rocker level to be able to record.
- top chord of the mast and additionally or alternatively for the bottom chord of the mast can use two clamping devices, one on each side (at a distance from the luffing plane of the Cantilever) are provided.
- an additional crane tip for example a fixed tip or a luffing jib is present, it is advantageous, at least the tensioning means according to the invention to run in sections along or over the tip.
- a tensioning system provided, in which the train units or winches on the crane superstructure in one such a distance to the luffing plane of the crane telescopic mast that the Clamping devices Loads with components perpendicular to the luffing plane to a significant extent be able to record.
- This ensures that within the Clamping system also absorbs lateral loads, such as wind loads and can be compensated for that act in any direction across the rocking plane.
- Clamping system for a mobile telescopic crane with clamping device winches and clamping devices for Guying the telescopic mast, the tensioning device pulling units or winches on the Crane superstructure structure are slidably arranged.
- Basically is horizontal and vertical movement is conceivable, in particular the vertical movement allows extensive uses, such as according to a preferred one Embodiment, the assignment of tensioning tension units or winches
- Counterweights of the crane, the traction units or winches with individual or all associated counterweights are connectable. With such a construction, it will possible the preload in the clamping devices by the weight of the counterweights to apply and thereby save those units that would otherwise have such tensile forces for example, provide by motor.
- the Clamping device pulling units or winches via damping units on the Attach the crane superstructure structure to avoid vibrations.
- the present invention can also be defined as one that is important Components of the superstructure, for example cantilevers, guying, pylons, prestressing, Extension unit, turntable, counterweight and clamping device pull units designed and combined that the individual modules are self-controlling depending on the operating state Exercise functions and support each other in a way that one overall allows lighter and more stable support structure.
- the ones listed in this description Features can be implemented individually or in any combination.
- the possible weight reduction and that in the context of Invention possible rearrangement of the important components of the superstructure and their Combination of operations Advantages that have not previously been achieved in the prior art could.
- the weights of the guy unit adversely affect all loads that are caused by the ball slewing ring, the luffing cylinder, the support pressures, the undercarriage and the stability. To do that Compensating additional torque from the guy weights was a higher counterweight required, which results in additional costs for the counterweight and the rotary table and Undercarriage design resulted in additional transportation costs.
- FIGS 1A and 1B show a side and a rear view of a According to the invention on the upper boom clamped telescopic mast for a mobile crane.
- the mast 7 consists of several telescopic parts, of which only the first extendable telescopic part with the reference numeral 5 is designated separately.
- the lower flange of the Mastes bears the reference number 7b and the upper flange, which in this case is pre-tensioned reference number 7a.
- the telescopic mast is clamped on both sides of the luffing plane, the components are only open provided with reference numerals on the left-hand side in FIG. 1B.
- the clamping system works like follows:
- the tensioning cable 1 initially runs with its outer part 1b via a roller 8 on a pylon 9 which is pivotally attached to the crane superstructure, such as is represented by the arrows.
- the rope 1b goes through the frame 10 and becomes deflected on the roller 4 at the top of the mast into the telescopic boom, where it is with its inner part 1a along the inside of the boom to the lower part of the first Telescopic part 5 runs. There it is secured to the attachment 6.
- the counterweights 2 will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG. 3.
- the winches 3 are located on the right and left side of the luffing plane and thus create the opportunity to support lateral forces.
- the mast 7 and the pull rope 1 form a unit in all load conditions and when driving on the road.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B show the same views as in FIGS. 1A and 1B, but with the difference that a construction was chosen here, which ensures increased lateral stability of the telescopic mast.
- pylons 9a which extend outwards; H. away from the seesaw and stick up.
- These pylons 9a can be variable in length and change them the distance of the pull cables to the main axes of the boom, in order to To make guying adjustable in their direction.
- FIG. 3 shows a rear view of the crane superstructure, the counterweights 2, the Cable winches 3 and part 13 of the crane superstructure structure can be seen more clearly.
- the laterally attached, lockable winches 3 are, as with the reference number 12 indicated, slidably connected on the turntable, and they pull the rope of the winch 3 taut.
- the pre-tensioning and tensioning forces are applied by at least a part of one Counterweight assembly 2 is attached to the movable winch 3 as by the dash-dotted lines is indicated.
- the counterweights 2 thus receive a new one additional function, namely as a rope tensioner, which they additionally without any further Can exert effort.
- Another advantage is that the Counterweight arrangements 2 can be reduced by the amount of the weight of the winches 3 can, with both elements simultaneously applying a defined bias. Thereby there is also no need for a complex measuring device for the pull rope.
- the pre-tensioning can also be carried out using a pulling unit done (for example, cylinder, screw, wind, spring, etc.).
- a pulling unit done for example, cylinder, screw, wind, spring, etc.
- FIG 4 is a system shown, which is biased by a damped telescopic cylinder 15.
- the winch 3 is in turn attached to the crane structure 13 with the sliding or sliding attachment 12 can move up and down. At the bottom of the structure, it is over the damped telescopic cylinder 15 biased. Wind, pushing or pushing the Boom parts or certain engine speeds can basically be used for the superstructure Stimulate swinging.
- the damped telescopic cylinder 15, in the manner shown in the bracing is integrated can eliminate a vibration problem.
- a lifted load remains essentially at the same point, the deformation is minimized. Fatigue problems are due to the lower deformation and lower voltage differences are further reduced. The deformation of such pre-stressed system is then still significantly less than one pre-tensioned system when the tension in the ropes is fully reduced and this have become limp. With an upper and lower preload and bracing Harmful voltage peaks avoided, material saved, deformation minimized and increases the load capacity both in the strength area and in the stability area.
- the torsional moment and the lateral moment in the boom decrease, the cross section becomes narrower, the shell radii are narrower and the stability of the shells is increased.
- FIGS. 6A, 6B, 7A and 7B show embodiments with peak operation, namely with a fixed tip (FIGS. 6A and 6B) and with a luffing tip (FIGS. 7A and 7B).
- the pre-tensioning and tensioning construction for the lower flange is common to all of these Embodiments the same as in Figures 5A and 5B.
- the guide for the rope 1 of the upper and Guy changed.
- the rope section 1b runs initially, coming from the winch and pylon via the roller 20 and is continued in the direction of the tip head.
- the luffing tip 26 shown in Figures 7A and 7B is also shown in FIG Clamping system according to the invention included.
- the rope 1b runs over the side at an angle extending guy frames 27, where it is deflected on the roller 23, then in turn to run to the roller 24, which is attached to the luffing tip 26 above and laterally. From there the rope 1a runs to the attachment point in the telescopic mast 7.
- the inclination of the The luffing jib is made via the tensioning means 25.
- the tensioning system according to the invention can be integrated.
- FIGS. 8A and 8B show yet another embodiment of an inventive Crane.
- the crane according to FIGS. 8A and 8B is except for the return of the rope sections 1a and 11a and their lower attachment are constructed in the same way as the crane from FIGS. 5A and 5B. Only the differently arranged elements 1a, 11a, 6 'and 16' are from this Reason called.
- the rope pieces 1a and 11a are not within the Mastes are brought back down and they are different even at their lowest point attached than in the embodiment of Figures 5A and 5B.
- the return of the rope pieces 1a and 11a takes place outside the boom and along the boom to the lower fastening points 6 'for the cable piece 1a and 16 'for the rope piece 11a.
- the lower attachment point 6 ' is located on the Upper structure, as well as the lower attachment point 16 'for the rope piece 11a.
- the rope pieces 1a and 11a can be together with the rest Clamping system ensure a pressure preload of the boom.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Jib Cranes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- Figur 1A und 1B
- eine seitliche sowie eine hintere Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäß am Obergurt vorgespannten Teleskopmastes;
- Figur 2A und 2B
- eine seitliche und eine hintere Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäß schräg am Obergurt vorgespannten Teleskopmastes;
- Figur 3
- eine hintere Ansicht des Kranoberwagens mit Spannmittelwinden und Gegengewichten;
- Figur 4
- eine hintere Ansicht des Kranoberwagens mit gedämpft befestigten Spannmittelzugeinheiten;
- Figur 5A und 5B
- eine seitliche sowie eine hintere Ansicht eines am Obergurt und am Untergurt erfindungsgemäß vorgespannten Teleskopmastes;
- Figur 6A und 6B
- eine seitliche und eine hintere Ansicht eines mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Spannsystem versehenen Teleskopmastes mit fester Zusatzspitze;
- Figur 7A und 7B
- eine seitliche und eine hintere Ansicht eines mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Spannsystem versehenen Teleskopmastes mit Wippspitze; und
- Figur 8A und 8B
- eine seitliche sowie eine hintere Ansicht eines am Obergurt und am Untergurt erfindungsgemäß vorgespannten Teleskopmastes mit außen laufenden Spannmitteln.
Claims (16)
- Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran, bei dem der Teleskopmast (7) über ein Spannmittel (1, 11) außen abgespannt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannmittel (1, 11) derart am Teleskopmast (7) entlang oder über diesem geführt und befestigt wird, dass eine Druck-Vorspannung des Mastes (7) im Bereich der Spannmittelführung entsteht.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannmittel (1, 11) beidseitig des ab- und vorzuspannenden Mastteiles (7a, 7b) geführt wird.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannmittel (1, 11) von einem äußeren Lagerpunkt zu einem Ansetzpunkt im oberen Mastbereich und dann zu einem inneren oder äußeren Lagerpunkt am Mastunterteil geführt wird.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannmittel (1, 11) am Ansetzpunkt im oberen Mastbereich mittels einer Rolle (4, 14) umgelenkt wird.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Ab- und Vorspannung des Obergurtes (7a) des Mastes (7) das Spannmittel (1) von einer am Kranoberwagen vorgesehenen Zugeinheit bzw. Winde (3) über mindestens einen Pylon (9) und/oder mindestens eine Abspannstütze (10) zum Oberteil des Mastes (7) geführt wird.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der oder die Pylone (9) im Bereich des Kranoberwagens schwenkbar befestigt sind und insbesondere schräg von der Wippebene abstehend angeordnet sind.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Ab- und Vorspannung des Untergurtes (7b) des Mastes (7) das Spannmittel (11) von einer am Kranoberwagen vorgesehenen Zugeinheit bzw. Winde (17) zum Oberteil des Mastes (7) geführt wird.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Obergurt (7a) des Mastes (7) zwei Spannmittel (1), eines an jeder Seite, vorgesehen sind.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass für den Untergurt (7b) des Mastes (7) zwei Spannmittel (11), eines an jeder Seite, vorgesehen sind.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der innere oder äußere Lagerpunkt (6) im Mastunterteil (7) an dem untersten ausfahrbaren Teleskopteil (5) oder im Fußbereich am Mastbasisteil angeordnet ist.
- Spannsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Spannmittel (1) beim Vorhandensein einer Zusatz-Kranspitze (18, 26) auch zumindest abschnittsweise entlang oder über der Spitze (18, 26) geführt wird.
- Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran, mit Spannmittelzugeinheiten bzw. -winden (3, 17) und Spannmitteln (1, 11) zur Abspannung des Teleskopmastes (7), insbesondere mit einer Spannmittelführung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Zugeinheiten bzw. Winden (3, 17) auf dem Kranoberwagen in einem solchen Abstand zur Wippebene des Kran-Teleskopmastes (7) angeordnet sind, dass die Spannmittel (1, 11) Lasten mit Komponenten senkrecht zur Wippebene zu einem wesentlichen Anteil aufnehmen können.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannmittelzugeinheiten bzw. -winden für die Abspannung des Mast-Obergurtes (7a) hinter dem Mastansatz des Kran-Oberwagens angeordnet sind.
- Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran, mit Spannmittelwinden (3, 17) und Spannmitteln (1, 11) zur Abspannung des Teleskopmastes (7), insbesondere mit einer Spannmittelführung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11 und/oder einer Zugeinheiten- bzw. Windenanordnung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannmittelzugeinheiten bzw. -winden (3, 17) an der Kranoberwagenstruktur verschieblich angeordnet sind.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannmittelzugeinheiten bzw. -winden (3, 17) Gegengewichten (2) des Krans zugeordnet und mit einzelnen oder allen zugeordneten Gegengewichten (2) verbindbar sind.
- Spannsystem nach Anspruch 14 oder 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spannmittelzugeinheiten bzw. -winden (3, 17) über Dämpfungseinheiten (15) an der Kranoberwagenstruktur angebracht sind.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP09165859A EP2108611A3 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-03-16 | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10315989A DE10315989B4 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2003-04-08 | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
DE10315989 | 2003-04-08 |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09165859A Division EP2108611A3 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-03-16 | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1466855A2 true EP1466855A2 (de) | 2004-10-13 |
EP1466855A3 EP1466855A3 (de) | 2004-11-17 |
Family
ID=32864370
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09165859A Withdrawn EP2108611A3 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-03-16 | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
EP04006221A Withdrawn EP1466855A3 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-03-16 | Spannsystem für einen mobil-teleskopkran |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP09165859A Withdrawn EP2108611A3 (de) | 2003-04-08 | 2004-03-16 | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US7293669B2 (de) |
EP (2) | EP2108611A3 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2004307215A (de) |
CN (1) | CN100345747C (de) |
CA (1) | CA2464881A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10315989B4 (de) |
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EP2308792A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-13 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH | Kran mit einer Abspannauslegeranordnung |
EP2386517A1 (de) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS | Kranausleger, insbesondere Mobilkranausleger, mit vorgespannten Zugelementen |
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DE10315989B4 (de) * | 2003-04-08 | 2007-10-25 | Grove U.S. Llc | Spannsystem für einen Mobil-Teleskopkran |
JP2005162392A (ja) * | 2003-12-02 | 2005-06-23 | Tadano Ltd | 移動式クレーン |
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KR102146714B1 (ko) * | 2019-06-28 | 2020-08-21 | 주식회사 코아스 | 다단식 붐대의 안정장치 |
US20220362593A1 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2022-11-17 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | Fall protection system |
CN112875527B (zh) * | 2021-01-14 | 2023-05-05 | 长春中锐汽车零部件有限公司 | 一种新能源汽车电池安装用抬升装置 |
CN113979335A (zh) * | 2021-10-29 | 2022-01-28 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 工程机械臂架结构和工程机械 |
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Cited By (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE202007008318U1 (de) * | 2007-04-13 | 2008-08-21 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh | Befestigungsvorrichtung und Gerät |
DE202008009281U1 (de) * | 2008-07-10 | 2009-11-12 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Kran |
EP2308792A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-13 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen GmbH | Kran mit einer Abspannauslegeranordnung |
DE102009048846A1 (de) | 2009-10-09 | 2011-04-21 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Kran |
US9290364B2 (en) | 2009-10-09 | 2016-03-22 | Liebherr-Werk Ehingen Gmbh | Crane |
EP2386517A1 (de) * | 2010-05-10 | 2011-11-16 | Manitowoc Crane Group France SAS | Kranausleger, insbesondere Mobilkranausleger, mit vorgespannten Zugelementen |
US8646629B2 (en) | 2010-05-10 | 2014-02-11 | Manitowoc Crane Group France Sas | Crane jib construction comprising biased tensile elements |
AU2011348445B2 (en) * | 2010-12-21 | 2015-11-26 | Wolffkran Holding Ag | Jib-bracing system for a revolving tower crane |
WO2012084229A1 (de) * | 2010-12-21 | 2012-06-28 | Wolffkran Holding Ag | Ausleger-abspannungs-system für einen turmdrehkran |
US9327949B2 (en) | 2010-12-21 | 2016-05-03 | Wolffkran Holding Ag | Jib-bracing system for a revolving tower crane |
CN102689847A (zh) * | 2012-06-04 | 2012-09-26 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 伸缩臂起重机及其超起装置 |
CN102689847B (zh) * | 2012-06-04 | 2014-07-16 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 伸缩臂起重机及其超起装置 |
CN102815629B (zh) * | 2012-09-03 | 2014-09-24 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 伸缩臂起重机 |
CN102815629A (zh) * | 2012-09-03 | 2012-12-12 | 徐州重型机械有限公司 | 伸缩臂起重机 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP2108611A2 (de) | 2009-10-14 |
CN1590273A (zh) | 2005-03-09 |
CN100345747C (zh) | 2007-10-31 |
DE10315989B4 (de) | 2007-10-25 |
DE10315989A1 (de) | 2004-11-11 |
US20040245201A1 (en) | 2004-12-09 |
EP1466855A3 (de) | 2004-11-17 |
US20080023432A1 (en) | 2008-01-31 |
EP2108611A3 (de) | 2009-12-16 |
US7293669B2 (en) | 2007-11-13 |
US7604135B2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
CA2464881A1 (en) | 2004-10-08 |
JP2004307215A (ja) | 2004-11-04 |
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