EP1453990A2 - Verfahren zur elektrolyse einer wässrigen lösung von alkalimetallchlorid - Google Patents
Verfahren zur elektrolyse einer wässrigen lösung von alkalimetallchloridInfo
- Publication number
- EP1453990A2 EP1453990A2 EP02798315A EP02798315A EP1453990A2 EP 1453990 A2 EP1453990 A2 EP 1453990A2 EP 02798315 A EP02798315 A EP 02798315A EP 02798315 A EP02798315 A EP 02798315A EP 1453990 A2 EP1453990 A2 EP 1453990A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- alkali metal
- temperature
- solution
- hydroxide solution
- metal chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRBDXVOOZKQRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ru].[Ir]=O Chemical class [Ru].[Ir]=O CRBDXVOOZKQRFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005341 cation exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036284 oxygen consumption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
Definitions
- the invention relates to a process for the electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution.
- the production of chlorine and aqueous alkali metal hydroxide solution for example sodium hydroxide solution (hereinafter also referred to as sodium hydroxide solution), by electrolysis of an alkali metal chloride solution, for example sodium chloride solution, by means of gas diffusion electrodes as oxygen consumption cathodes is known.
- the electrolytic cell consists of an anode and a cathode half-element, which are separated by a cation exchange membrane.
- the cathode half-element consists of an electrolyte space, which is separated from a gas space by a gas diffusion electrode.
- the electrolyte compartment is filled with an alkali metal hydroxide solution.
- the gas space is fed with oxygen, air or with oxygen-enriched air.
- EP-A 1 067 215 describes a process for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of .
- Alkali metal chloride using a gas diffusion electrode is known as the oxygen consumable cathode, in which the flow rate of the alkali metal hydroxide solution in the electrolyte space of the cathode half cell is at least. Is 1 cm / s.
- the high flow rate of the alkali metal hydroxide solution causes thorough mixing and thus homogenization of the alkali metal hydroxide concentration in the electrolyte compartment.
- the invention accordingly relates to a process for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride, in particular sodium chloride, by the membrane process with an aqueous solution of alkali metal hydroxide, in particular sodium hydroxide, as the catholyte, the temperature of the alkali metal chloride solution in the anode half-element and / or the volume flow of the alkali metal chloride solution in the anode half-element so that the difference between the temperature of the alkali metal hydroxide solution at the entry into the cathode half-element and the temperature of the alkali metal hydroxide solution at the exit from the cathode half-element is not greater than 15 ° C.
- the process according to the invention succeeds in regulating the temperature of the alkali metal hydroxide solution in the cathode half-element with the aid of the temperature of the alkali metal chloride solution in the anode half-element and, if an anolyte circuit, ie a circulation of the alkali metal chloride solution, is present using the volume flow of the alkali metal chloride solution.
- One of the two measures or both measures together allow one To counteract heating of the alkali metal hydroxide solution, in particular even at low flow rates of the alkali metal hydroxide solution of less than 1 cm / s.
- a temperature difference greater than 15 ° C, preferably greater than 10 ° C, between the entry and exit of the alkali metal hydroxide solution is not desirable, among other things, because a strong temperature gradient between the entry and exit would be associated with a strong gradient in the conductivity of the alkali metal hydroxide solution.
- the alkali metal hydroxide solution in the cathode half-element thus succeeds during the electrolysis process either at a given volume flow and given
- the volume flow of the alkali metal chloride solution is regulated by means of the pumped-over amount of the alkali metal chloride solution.
- Alkali metal hydroxide solution does not have to be regulated by a high flow rate of at least 1 cm / s in the cathode half element. Since the current yield decreases with higher flow velocities, it is particularly advantageous to work at low flow velocities of less than 1 cm / s.
- the temperature of the alkali metal hydroxide solution could also be regulated with the aid of a heat exchanger upstream of the cathode half element.
- this is not necessary in the method according to the invention and therefore saves the additional outlay on equipment that would be caused by the installation of a heat exchanger.
- the temperature of the alkali metal chloride solution when it emerges from the anode half-element and the temperature of the alkali metal hydroxide solution when it emerges from the cathode half-element is 80 ° C. to 100 ° C., preferably 85 ° C. to 95 ° C.
- the flow rate of the alkali metal hydroxide solution in the cathode half-element is less than 1 cm / s.
- the method according to the invention is preferably carried out using a gas diffusion electrode as the cathode.
- the alkali metal chloride solution as anolyte and the alkali metal hydroxide solution as catholyte are derived from the same alkali metal, e.g. Sodium or potassium.
- the alkali metal chloride solution is preferably a sodium chloride solution and the alkali metal hydroxide solution is a sodium hydroxide solution.
- the volume flow of the alkali metal chloride solution in the anode half-element depends on the current density with which the electrolyzer is operated. At a current density of 2.5 kA / m 2 , the volume flow per element should be from 0.02 to 0.1 m 3 / h. At a current density of 4 kA m 2 from 0.11 to 0.25 m 3 / h.
- the method according to the invention can be operated with current densities in the range from 2 to 8 kA / m 2 .
- electrolysis of an aqueous alkali metal chloride solution in accordance with the examples described below was carried out using an electrolyzer consisting of 15 electrolysis cells. As cathodes were used in the respective
- Electrolysis cells used gas diffusion electrodes, the distance from the gas diffusion electrode to the ion exchange membrane being 3 mm and the length of the gap between the ion exchange membrane and the gas diffusion electrode being 206 cm. Titanium anodes which were coated with ruthenium-iridium oxides were used as anodes. The area of the anodes was 2.5 m 2 . As
- a Nafion® NX 981 from DuPont was used for the ion exchange membrane.
- the concentration of the sodium chloride solution (NaCl) was 210 g / 1 when it emerged from the anode half-element.
- the concentration of the sodium hydroxide solution (NaOH) in the cathode half-element was between 30 and 33% by weight. If not explicitly stated in the following examples, the current density was 2.45 kA / m 2 and the volume flow of the sodium hydroxide solution was 3 m 3 / h. The latter corresponds to a speed of the sodium hydroxide solution in the gap between the ion exchange membrane and the gas diffusion electrode of 0.85 cm / s.
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element of 1.0 m 3 / h was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- Example 2 Sodium chloride solution was 50 ° C at the inlet and 85 ° C at the outlet. The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half-element was thus 35 ° C. The sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half-element at a temperature of 80 ° C. and removed again at 85 ° C. The current yield was determined to be 96.20%.
- Example 2 Sodium chloride solution was 50 ° C at the inlet and 85 ° C at the outlet. The temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half-element was thus 35 ° C. The sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half-element at a temperature of 80 ° C. and removed again at 85 ° C. The current yield was determined to be 96.20%.
- Example 2
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element of 1.1 m 3 / h was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution at the inlet was 50 ° C and 86 ° C at the outlet.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half-element was thus 36 ° C.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half-element at a temperature of 79 ° C. and removed again at 85 ° C.
- the current yield was determined to be 96.09%.
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element of 1.2 m 3 / h was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution at the inlet was 51 ° C and 85 ° C at the outlet.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half element was thus 34 ° C.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half-element at a temperature of 76 ° C. and removed again at 83 ° C.
- the current yield was determined to be 96.11%.
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element of 1.3 m 3 / h was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution at the inlet was 55 ° C and 86 ° C at the outlet.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half-element was thus 31 ° C.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half-element at a temperature of 77 ° C. and removed again at 83 ° C.
- the current yield was determined to be 95.63%.
- Example 5 comparativative example
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution in the anode half element of 1.3 m 3 / h was selected under the above-mentioned conditions.
- the current density was 2.5 kA / m 2 .
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution at the inlet was 85 ° C
- the current density here was 4 kA / m 2 .
- a volume flow of the sodium chloride solution of an anode half element of 2.08 m 3 / h was selected.
- the temperature of the sodium chloride solution at the inlet was 77 ° C, at the outlet 86 ° C.
- the temperature difference between the inlet and outlet of an anode half element was 9 ° C.
- the volume flow of the sodium hydroxide solution in the cathode half-element was 3 m 3 / h, corresponding to a speed of the sodium hydroxide solution in the gap between the ion exchange membrane and the gas diffusion electrode of 0.85 cm / s.
- the sodium hydroxide solution was fed to the cathode half element at a temperature of 82 ° C. and removed again at 87 ° C.
- the current yield was determined to be 96.1%. This shows that the method according to the invention has good results even at higher current densities
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10159708 | 2001-12-05 | ||
DE10159708A DE10159708A1 (de) | 2001-12-05 | 2001-12-05 | Alkalichlorid-Elektrolysezelle mit Gasdiffusionselektroden |
PCT/EP2002/013119 WO2003048419A2 (de) | 2001-12-05 | 2002-11-22 | Verfahren zur elektrolyse einer wässrigen lösung von alkalimetallchlorid |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1453990A2 true EP1453990A2 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
EP1453990B1 EP1453990B1 (de) | 2014-01-01 |
Family
ID=7708113
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02798315.4A Expired - Lifetime EP1453990B1 (de) | 2001-12-05 | 2002-11-22 | Verfahren zur elektrolyse einer wässrigen lösung von alkalimetallchlorid |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6890418B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1453990B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP4498740B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR20050044700A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1327033C (de) |
AR (1) | AR037637A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2002363856A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE10159708A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2448399T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0600453A2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW200304502A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2003048419A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2005024068A (ja) * | 2003-07-02 | 2005-01-27 | Toyo Tanso Kk | ハロゲンガス又はハロゲン含有ガスの供給装置 |
DE10335184A1 (de) * | 2003-07-30 | 2005-03-03 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Elektrochemische Zelle |
CN102459708A (zh) * | 2009-05-26 | 2012-05-16 | 氯工程公司 | 安装有气体扩散电极的离子交换膜电解槽 |
US8940139B2 (en) | 2009-05-26 | 2015-01-27 | Chlorine Engineers Corp., Ltd. | Gas diffusion electrode equipped ion exchange membrane electrolyzer |
CN108419139A (zh) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-17 | 李秀荣 | 互联网大数据弹幕处理系统 |
KR20220017587A (ko) | 2020-08-05 | 2022-02-14 | 한국과학기술연구원 | 반응물 유체를 재순환할 수 있는 전기화학장치 |
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- 2002-11-22 HU HU0600453A patent/HUP0600453A2/hu unknown
- 2002-11-22 WO PCT/EP2002/013119 patent/WO2003048419A2/de active Application Filing
- 2002-11-22 JP JP2003549594A patent/JP4498740B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 ES ES02798315.4T patent/ES2448399T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 AU AU2002363856A patent/AU2002363856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-22 EP EP02798315.4A patent/EP1453990B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 CN CNB028240464A patent/CN1327033C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-03 US US10/308,736 patent/US6890418B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-04 TW TW091135111A patent/TW200304502A/zh unknown
- 2002-12-04 AR ARP020104688A patent/AR037637A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO03048419A3 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1599808A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
TW200304502A (en) | 2003-10-01 |
DE10159708A1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
JP2005511897A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
US20030121795A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
HUP0600453A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
EP1453990B1 (de) | 2014-01-01 |
JP4498740B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
WO2003048419A3 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
AR037637A1 (es) | 2004-11-17 |
ES2448399T3 (es) | 2014-03-13 |
WO2003048419A2 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
AU2002363856A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
CN1327033C (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
KR20050044700A (ko) | 2005-05-12 |
US6890418B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
AU2002363856A8 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
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