TW200304502A - Process for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride - Google Patents
Process for the electrolysis of an aqueous solution of alkali metal chloride Download PDFInfo
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- TW200304502A TW200304502A TW091135111A TW91135111A TW200304502A TW 200304502 A TW200304502 A TW 200304502A TW 091135111 A TW091135111 A TW 091135111A TW 91135111 A TW91135111 A TW 91135111A TW 200304502 A TW200304502 A TW 200304502A
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- solution
- alkali metal
- temperature
- half element
- cathode
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 8
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910000000 metal hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004692 metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 claims 1
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 63
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 20
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000003014 ion exchange membrane Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 241000219112 Cucumis Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015510 Cucumis melo subsp melo Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000557 Nafion® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N [4,6-bis(cyanoamino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl]cyanamide Chemical compound N#CNC1=NC(NC#N)=NC(NC#N)=N1 FJJCIZWZNKZHII-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichloridooxygen Chemical compound ClOCl RCJVRSBWZCNNQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011978 dissolution method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052704 radon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N radon atom Chemical compound [Rn] SYUHGPGVQRZVTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910001925 ruthenium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N ruthenium(iv) oxide Chemical compound O=[Ru]=O WOCIAKWEIIZHES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012085 test solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/34—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis
- C25B1/46—Simultaneous production of alkali metal hydroxides and chlorine, oxyacids or salts of chlorine, e.g. by chlor-alkali electrolysis in diaphragm cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/02—Process control or regulation
- C25B15/021—Process control or regulation of heating or cooling
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B15/00—Operating or servicing cells
- C25B15/08—Supplying or removing reactants or electrolytes; Regeneration of electrolytes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
Description
200304502 五、發明說明（1) ^月係有關種驗金屬氯化物水溶液之電解方法。 藉由氣體擴散電極作為耗氧陰極，而⑽金屬氣化物溶 液（例如氣化鈉溶液）之電解來製備氣及驗金屬氯氧化物 水溶液’例如氫氧化鈉轉（町亦稱苛性蘇打溶液）的 方法為屬已去”此處之電解槽係由—種陽極半元件和陰極 半凡件所構成’彼等被—種陰極交換薄賴分隔。陰極半 元件係由-種電解質空間所構成，其藉—種氣體擴散電極 與氣體空·離。電解質”充滿驗金錢氧化物溶液。 氣體空間被充填氧、空氣或富含氧之空氣。含驗金屬氣化 物之溶液被設置在陽極半元件上。 EP-A 1 〇67 215揭^-制賴體擴散電極作為耗氧陰 ㈣電概金屬氣化物溶社方法，其金屬氫氧化二 溶液在陰極半電池之電解質空間中之流速為至少丨公分/ 秒。根據EP-A i 〇67 215，鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液之高流速 引起良好的混合且因而使電解質空間中之鹼金屬氫氧化物 浪度均勻。相較之下，在無氣體擴散電極作為耗氧陰極而 電解鹼金屬氣化物的情況中，由於在電解操作中於陰極所 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作杜印製 幵/成之氣可確保鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液有適當的混合，所以 南流速是不必要的。 揭示於EP-A 1 067 215之方法的缺點在於電流率隨著 鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液之流速增加而降低。另一方面，陰極 半元件中之驗金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度隨著降低之流速而 增加至一較大的程度。 因此’本發明之目的在於提供一種鹼金屬氣化物水溶 規格（210x297公釐） 200304502 A7 B7 五、發明說明（Ο 液的電解方法，其可簡單實施且以最低可能流速來運作， 而不會對電解槽或電解器之功能有不利的影響，特別是由 於陰極半元件之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液之過度溫度所致者。 此目的可根據本發明，藉由申請專利範圍第丨項之特 徵予以達成。 據此，本發明係有關一種鹼金屬氣化物（特別是氣化 鈉）水溶液的電解方法，其係藉由具鹼金屬氫氧化物（特 別是氫氧化鈉）水溶液作為陰極電解質之膜處理法而成， 其中在陽極半元件中之鹼金屬氣化物溶液的溫度及/或在 陽極半元件中之鹼金屬氣化物溶液的體積流速係經設定， 使在陰極半元件入口處之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度與由 陰極半元件之出口處的鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度之間的 差不大於15°C。 經 濟 部 智 慧 財 產 局 員 工 消 費 合 作 社 印 製 令人驚訝地，在陰極半元件中之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液 的溫度可成功地藉根據本發明之方法，在陽極半元件中之 鹼金屬氣化物溶液之溫度的幫助下，及若有陽極電解質迴 路（亦即驗金屬氣化物雜的迴路）存在者則在鹼金屬氣 化物溶液之體積流速的幫助下，予以調整。兩種測量方法 之一或兩種測量方法組合都允許在低於丨公分/秒之鹼金 屬A氧化物溶液的低流速下加溫即將受到阻礙之鹼金屬氮 氧化物溶液。尤其，因為在驗金屬氫氧化物溶液之導電度 方面的強梯度可能與人口和出口之_強溫度梯度有關， 所。以在驗金屬氫氧化物溶液的之人口及出口處之間，大於 15°c，較佳大於i〇°c的溫差是不理想的。 -4- 200304502 A7 B7 五、發明說明（3) -- 因此，在陰極半元件中之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液可在電 解^程期間被冷卻，藉此方式，使得不論是在驗金屬氣化 物溶液之低流出溫度之幫助下就陽極半元件中之鹼金屬氣 化物溶液之給定體積流速和給定之流出溫度而言，抑或是 在鹼金屬氣化物溶液之較大體積流速之幫助下就鹼金屬氣 化物/谷液之給疋流入溫度和給定流出溫度而言，在陰極半 元件中之驗金屬氫氧化物溶液都不會超過所需要的溫度 差。兩種測量法亦可互相組合。鹼金屬氣化物溶液之體積 流速可藉為幫浦所循環之鹼金屬氣化物溶液的量來調整。 根據本發明方法之一優點在於鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液之 溫度毋須藉由陰極半元件中之至少1公分/秒之高流速來 調整。因為電流率隨著增加之流速而下降，特別有利於在 低於1公分/秒之低流速下作用。 另外’驗金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度亦可藉助於被安裝 在陰極半元件上游之熱交換器來調節。惟，這在根據本發 明之方法中是不需要的且可節省可能因熱交換器之安裝所 引起之額外的設備複雜性。 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 於根據本發明之較佳具體例中，驗金屬氣化物溶液當 由陽極半元件出來時之溫度和鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液當由陰 極半元件出來時之溫度為由80°C至100°C，較佳由85。(： 至 95〇C 〇 進一步較佳之具體例為其中在陰極半元件中之鹼金屬 氫氧化物溶液的流速低於1公分/秒。 根據本發明之方法較佳利用一種氣體擴散電極作為陰 -5- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐） 200304502
極來實施。作為陽極電解質之鹼金屬氯化物溶液和作為陰 極電解質之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液係衍生自相同之鹼金屬， 例如鈉或鉀。鹼金屬氣化物溶液較佳為一種氣化鈉溶液， 且驗金屬氫氧化物溶液較佳為一種氫氧化鈉溶液。 於陽極半元件中之鹼金屬氯化物溶液之體積流速視電 解器被操作之電流密度而定。在2.5仟安培/平方公尺 (kA/m2)之電流密度下，每元件之體積流速為由〇〇2至 〇·1立方公尺/小時。在4仟安培/平方公尺之電流密度 下，體積流速為由〇·11至0.25立方公尺/小時。 根據本發明之方法可在2至8仟安培/平方公尺範圍 之電流密度下操作。 實施例 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 根據以下所描述之實施例，驗金屬氣化物溶液之電解係 利用由15個電解槽所構成之電解器來實施。在個別電解 槽中所使用之陰極為氣體擴散電極，由氣體擴散電極至離 子父換膜之分隔為3毫米，而介於離子交換膜和氣體擴散 電極之間的間隙的長度為206公分。所使用之陽極為經氧 化釕錶所塗覆之鈦陽極。陽極之表面積為2·5平方公尺。 所使用之離子交換膜為來自杜邦之Nafion® NX 981。當由 陽極半元件出來之氣化鈉溶液（NaCl)之濃度為210克 /公升。在陰極半元件中之苛性蘇打溶液（Na〇H)之濃 度為介於30和33重量％之間。除非在下列實施例中指 明，否則電流密度為2.45仟安培/平方公尺，且苛性蘇 -6- 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格（210 x297公复) 200304502 A7
打溶液之體積流速為3立方/>]? / A尺/小時。後者相當於 〇·85公分/秒之介於離子交換 了㈣邗田 、膜和氟體擴散電極之間間 隙之苛性蘇打溶液速度。 實施例之結果歸納於表1、2及3。 實施例1 在上述條件下，在陽極半元件φ 1 η V. . 之氣化鈉溶液的體積流 速選擇1.0立方公尺/小時。在續 ^ . CA〇^ ^ ^ ? ^ W入處之氣化鈉溶液的溫 f且在流出處為85ti此錢極半元件之流入 二 度差為坑。將苛性騎雜送入具8〇 C溫度之陰極半元件中，復以μ。 士七 设乂 85C的溫度將其排出。電 流率經測定為96.20%。 實施例2 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在上述條件下，在陽極半元件巾之氣化鈉溶㈣體積流 速選擇U立方公尺/小時。在流人處之氣錢溶液的溫 度為50C且在流出處為86°c。因此在陽極半元件之流入 與流出之間的溫度差為36°C。將苛性蘇打溶液送入具79 C溫度之陰極半元件中，復以85〇c的溫度將其排出。電 流率經測定為96.09%。 實施例3 在上述條件下，在陽極半元件中之氯化鈉溶液的體積流 速選擇1.2立方公尺/小時。在流入處之氣化納溶液的溫 本紙張尺度適用中國國豕標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） 200304502 A7 發明說明（6) 度為51 C且在流出處為85°C。因此在陽極半元件之流入 與流出之間的溫度差為34它。將苛性蘇打溶液送入具76 t：溫度之陰極半元件中，復以83π的溫度將其排出。電 流率經測定為96.11%。 實施例4 在上述條件下，在陽極半元件中之氣化鈉溶液的體積流 速選擇1.3立方公尺/小時。在流入處之氣化納溶液的溫 度為55C且在流出處為86。(：。因此在陽極半元件之流入 與流出之間的溫度差為31°C。將苛性蘇打溶液送入具77 °C溫度之陰極半元件中，復以83〇c的溫度將其排出。電 流率經測定為95.63%。 實施例5 (比鮫f你Π 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 在上述條件下’在陽極半元件巾之氣化鈉溶㈣體積流 速選擇1.3立方公尺/小時。電流率為2·5仟安培/平方 公尺。在流入處之氣化鈉溶液的溫度為85<>c且在流出處 為86C。因此在陽極半元件之流入與流出之間的溫度差 為1°C。在陰極半元件巾之苛性蘇打溶液的體積流速為 10.5立方公尺/小時，相當於2·95公分/秒之介於離子 交換膜和氣體擴散電極之間間隙之苛性蘇打溶液速度。將 苛性蘇打溶液送入具8〇°c溫度之陰極半元件中，復以86 °(：的溫度將其排出。電流率經測定為95·4%。 實施例6 -8- 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公楚） 200304502 A7 五、發明說明（7) 此例之電流率為4仟安培/平方公尺。在陽極半元件 中之氣化鈉溶液的體積流速選擇2〇8立方公尺/小時。 在流入處之氣化鈉溶液的溫度為77。〇且在流出處為⑽ c。因此在陽極半元件之流入與流出之間的溫度差為9 C。在陰極半元件中之苛性蘇打溶液的體積流速為 3立方 公尺/小時，相當於〇·85公分/秒之介於離子交換膜和 氣體擴散電極之間間隙之苛性蘇打溶液速度。將苛性蘇打 /合液送入具82C溫度之陰極半元件中，復以87〇c的溫度 :’、排出。電/瓜率經測疋為96·1%。此顯示根據本發明 之方法即使在更高之電流密度下可操作具優良電流率。 在陽極半元件中之測量值 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製
200304502 A7 B7 五、發明說明（8) 表2 :在陰極半元件中之測量值 實施例 在流入處之 在流出處之 NaOH 的 NaOH的體積 NaOH的溫度 NaOH的溫度 溫度差 流速[立方公尺 [°C] [°C] [°C] /小時] 1 80 85 5 3 2 79 85 6 3 3 76 83 7 3 4 77 83 6 3 5 80 86 6 10.5 6 82 87 5 3 表3 :電流密度及電流率 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -10- 實施例 電流密度 [仟安培/平方公尺] 電流率 [%] 1 2.45 96.20 2 2.45 96.09 3 2.45 96.11 4 2.45 95.63 5 2.5 95.40 6 4.0 96.10 本紙張尺度適用中國國家標準(CNS)A4規格（210 X 297公釐）
Claims (1)
- 200304502 AS B8 C8 -------D8 六、申請專利範圍 1· 一種鹼金屬氯化物（特別是氣化鈉）水溶液的電解方 法，其係藉由具鹼金屬氫氧化物（特別氫氧化鈉）水溶 液作為陰極電解質之膜處理法而成，其特徵在於在陽極 半元件中之驗金屬氯化物溶液的溫度及/或在陽極半元 件中之鹼金屬氯化物溶液的體積流速係經設定，使在陰 極半元件入口處之鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度與由陰極 半元件之出口處的鹼金屬氫氧化物溶液的溫度之間的差 不大於15°c。 2·根據中請專利範圍第i項之方法，其特徵在於驗金屬氣 化物溶液當由陽極半元件出來時之溫度與驗金屬氮氧化 物溶液當由陰極半元件出來時之溫度為由贼至觸 °C，較佳由85°C至95°c。 3. 根據中請專利制第丨及2項中之任—項之方法，其特 徵在於在陰極半元件中之驗金屬氫氧化物溶液的流速低 於1公分/秒。 4. 根據申請專利第丨至3财之任—項之方法，其特 徵在於所使用之陰極為一種氣體擴散電 經濟部智慧財產局員工消費合作社印製 -11- 200304502 (一))v鑛旨麵ϋ齡論 圖 (二）、本代表圖之元件代表符號簡單說明 無-2-1-
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-
2001
- 2001-12-05 DE DE10159708A patent/DE10159708A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2002
- 2002-11-22 JP JP2003549594A patent/JP4498740B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 HU HU0600453A patent/HUP0600453A2/hu unknown
- 2002-11-22 ES ES02798315.4T patent/ES2448399T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 AU AU2002363856A patent/AU2002363856A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2002-11-22 WO PCT/EP2002/013119 patent/WO2003048419A2/de active Application Filing
- 2002-11-22 EP EP02798315.4A patent/EP1453990B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 CN CNB028240464A patent/CN1327033C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-11-22 KR KR1020047008615A patent/KR20050044700A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-03 US US10/308,736 patent/US6890418B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-12-04 AR ARP020104688A patent/AR037637A1/es not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-12-04 TW TW091135111A patent/TW200304502A/zh unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP4498740B2 (ja) | 2010-07-07 |
| ES2448399T3 (es) | 2014-03-13 |
| EP1453990A2 (de) | 2004-09-08 |
| HUP0600453A2 (en) | 2007-05-02 |
| CN1599808A (zh) | 2005-03-23 |
| EP1453990B1 (de) | 2014-01-01 |
| US6890418B2 (en) | 2005-05-10 |
| WO2003048419A3 (de) | 2003-10-02 |
| AU2002363856A1 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
| CN1327033C (zh) | 2007-07-18 |
| WO2003048419A2 (de) | 2003-06-12 |
| AU2002363856A8 (en) | 2003-06-17 |
| DE10159708A1 (de) | 2003-06-18 |
| JP2005511897A (ja) | 2005-04-28 |
| US20030121795A1 (en) | 2003-07-03 |
| KR20050044700A (ko) | 2005-05-12 |
| AR037637A1 (es) | 2004-11-17 |
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