EP1324973A2 - Reactions de nitration aromatique - Google Patents

Reactions de nitration aromatique

Info

Publication number
EP1324973A2
EP1324973A2 EP01974455A EP01974455A EP1324973A2 EP 1324973 A2 EP1324973 A2 EP 1324973A2 EP 01974455 A EP01974455 A EP 01974455A EP 01974455 A EP01974455 A EP 01974455A EP 1324973 A2 EP1324973 A2 EP 1324973A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ionic liquid
nitration
aromatic
compound
alkyl
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01974455A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1324973B1 (fr
Inventor
Martyn John Earle
Suhas Prabhakar Katdare
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Queens University of Belfast
Original Assignee
Queens University of Belfast
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Queens University of Belfast filed Critical Queens University of Belfast
Publication of EP1324973A2 publication Critical patent/EP1324973A2/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1324973B1 publication Critical patent/EP1324973B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C201/00—Preparation of esters of nitric or nitrous acid or of compounds containing nitro or nitroso groups bound to a carbon skeleton
    • C07C201/06—Preparation of nitro compounds
    • C07C201/08—Preparation of nitro compounds by substitution of hydrogen atoms by nitro groups

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for the nitration of aromatic compounds.
  • the nitration of aromatic compounds can be achieved by a number of methods.
  • a process for the nitration of an aromatic compound wherein the aromatic compound is admixed with a nitrating agent in the presence of an ionic liquid.
  • the nitrating agent can be any suitable compound, e.g. an acid and a nitrate salt.
  • the method for the nitration of aromatic compounds in (e . g. neutral) ionic liquids has advantages over conventional nitrations. These are that the only by- product is water, the ionic liquid is not consumed and the nitrating agent is relatively inexpensive.
  • Ionic liquids consist of two components, which are a positively charged cation and a negatively charged anion.
  • any compound that meets the criteria of being a salt (consisting of an anion and cation) and is fluid at or near the reaction temperature or exits in a fluid state during any stage of the reaction may be defined as an ionic liquid.
  • the cation for the present process is preferably a 1- alkylpyridinium cation such as 1-hexylpyridinium.
  • Other cations for .this process are other ammonium, alkyl- or poly-alkylammonium, imidazolium, alkyl- or polyalkylimididazolium, phosphonium, alkyl- or poly- alkylphosphonium, alkyloxonium, alkylsulfonium, and alkyl- or polyalkylpyrrazolium cations.
  • the anion for the present process is preferably a sulfur-containing anions include those based on nitrogen, phosphorous, boron, silicon, selenium, tellurium, halogens including perchlorate, oxoanions of metals, and organic anions, such as trifluoroacetate, acetate, and anions that are arsenic, antimony, and bismuth based.
  • Suitable anions include triflate, triflimide and methide.
  • More than one ionic liquid may be used.
  • the present invention uses of one or more water stable ionic liquids (such as these shown in figure 1 hereafter) as media for the reaction, and the use of nitric acid alone as the nitrating agent, as the only by-product of the reaction would be water (Scheme 1) .
  • Figure 1 The structure of the ionic liquids [ C 4 mim] [ HS0 4 ] and [ C ⁇ 0 mim] [OTf ] .
  • nitration of benzene proceeds smoothly to give nitrobenzene near quantitative yield, in the hydrophobic ionic liquid [Ci 0 mim] [OTf] .
  • the nitration of chlorobenzene was much slower than with benzene, but gave 2- and 4-nitrochlorobenzene in excellent yield, in a 3.0:1.0 para .-ortho-isomer ratio.
  • a control experiment was performed. This involved heating toluene and nitric acid at 110 °C for a day in the absence of ionic liquid. This gave a 67% conversion to mononitrotoluenes.
  • the range of ionic liquids that the nitration reaction succeeds is limited to those where the acid form of the anion is stronger or at least as strong as nitric acid. This favours the autoionisation (protonation of HN0 3 , by NH0 3 ) instead of protonation of the ionic liquid anion.
  • the protonated nitric acid [H 2 N0 3 ] + can then lose water to form the nitrating species [N0 2 ] +
  • a plausible mechanistic explanation is given in Scheme 2.
  • Vacuum distillation allows the products to be separated from this ionic liquid, which leaves the ionic liquid dried and ready for reuse, however, this cannot be used for the separation of highly nitrated products from the ionic liquid because of the high temperatures involved.
  • Solvent extraction with cyclohexane or diethyl ether can be used to isolate most organic products from the reaction, but particularly with [C 10 mim] [OTf] , it tends to leach into the organic extracting phase.
  • the third and most successful approach is the use of steam distillation- Complete separation of the organic products from the ionic liquid can be achieved by the addition of water, followed by distillation at 120-140° C at atmospheric pressure.
  • the product can then be separated from the residual nitric acid usually by phase separation.
  • nitration in ionic liquids using concentrated (68%) nitric acid proceeds efficiently to give the mono-nitrated product. If 100% nitric acid is used, the di-nitrated product can be obtained.
  • the ionic liquids could all be reused in further nitration reactions and were not destroyed, despite being in contact with nitric acid under reflux. Separation of the products was achieved by vacuum distillation, solvent extraction, or most notably, steam distillation. The only waste from these reactions is dilute nitric acid, which can be concentrated and recycle.
  • the present invention also extends to the use of an ionic liquid (s) in the nitration of an aromatic compound as well as a nitrated aromatic compound whenever prepared by a process of the present invention.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Low-Molecular Organic Synthesis Reactions Using Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de nitration d'un composé aromatique, dans lequel le composé aromatique est mélangé avec un agent de nitration en présence d'un liquide ionique. Ce procédé de nitration de composés aromatiques dans des liquides ioniques (par ex. neutres) présente des avantages par rapport aux nitrations classiques. Par exemple, le seul sous-produit est l'eau, le liquide ionique n'est pas consommé, et l'agent de nitration est relativement peu coûteux.
EP01974455A 2000-10-10 2001-10-05 Reactions de nitration aromatique Expired - Lifetime EP1324973B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB0024744 2000-10-10
GBGB0024744.5A GB0024744D0 (en) 2000-10-10 2000-10-10 Aromatic nitration reactions
PCT/GB2001/004436 WO2002030865A2 (fr) 2000-10-10 2001-10-05 Reactions de nitration aromatique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1324973A2 true EP1324973A2 (fr) 2003-07-09
EP1324973B1 EP1324973B1 (fr) 2010-03-24

Family

ID=9900959

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01974455A Expired - Lifetime EP1324973B1 (fr) 2000-10-10 2001-10-05 Reactions de nitration aromatique

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US6906231B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1324973B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4348078B2 (fr)
KR (1) KR20030077533A (fr)
CN (1) CN1469859A (fr)
AT (1) ATE461914T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU2001293970A1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2425301A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE60141640D1 (fr)
GB (1) GB0024744D0 (fr)
MX (1) MXPA03003184A (fr)
WO (1) WO2002030865A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2356564A1 (fr) * 2001-09-05 2003-03-05 Cytec Canada Inc. Nitration de composes aromatiques
JP4992869B2 (ja) * 2008-09-01 2012-08-08 株式会社Ｇｓユアサ イオン性化合物、並びに、これを用いた電解質及び電気化学デバイス
CN101397293B (zh) * 2008-10-25 2012-08-22 浙江华义医药有限公司 一种基于离子液体催化的绿色硝化方法
EP2401250A1 (fr) 2009-02-26 2012-01-04 Basf Se Procédé de préparation d'aromates nitrés et de leurs mélanges
KR101166864B1 (ko) 2010-06-07 2012-07-19 경희대학교 산학협력단 이온성액체 촉매를 이용한 아민 화합물로부터 포름아마이드 화합물의 제조방법
WO2012156540A2 (fr) 2012-03-08 2012-11-22 Lonza Ltd Procédé de préparation de composés aromatiques mononitrés
WO2012140277A2 (fr) 2012-03-08 2012-10-18 Lonza Ltd Procédé de préparation de composés aromatiques au mononitrate
CN103265435A (zh) * 2013-06-20 2013-08-28 江苏大华化学工业有限公司 一种4-氯-3-硝基三氟甲苯的清洁制备方法
CN103553925B (zh) * 2013-10-28 2015-05-06 河北工业大学 一种液相硝化合成硝基环己烷的工艺
CN104030925A (zh) * 2014-06-26 2014-09-10 扬州大学 一种催化合成单硝基氯苯的方法
CN105669477A (zh) * 2016-03-14 2016-06-15 九江善水科技有限公司 一种5-硝基-2氨基苯酚的生产方法
CN108911999B (zh) * 2018-08-06 2021-05-04 朱晓萍 一种1-氨基蒽醌的合成方法
CN111153802A (zh) * 2018-11-08 2020-05-15 中国石油化工股份有限公司 基于强酸性质子型离子液体催化的绿色硝化方法
CN113087627B (zh) * 2021-04-08 2023-08-18 云南云天化股份有限公司 一种采用四苯基碘化膦催化合成2,4-二氯硝基苯的方法
CN114957013A (zh) * 2022-06-28 2022-08-30 宁夏信广和新材料科技有限公司 一种混二硝基苯的生产方法

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL133035C (fr) * 1966-02-03
US4804792A (en) * 1988-01-28 1989-02-14 Olin Corporation Nitration of benzene or toluene in a molten nitrate salt
US5099079A (en) * 1990-07-26 1992-03-24 Olin Corporation Process for separating acid from nitro substituted aromatics using a molten nitrate salt
DE19958389A1 (de) 1999-12-03 2001-06-07 Bayer Ag Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Dinitronaphthalin-Isomerengemisches mit erhöhtem Anteil an 1,5-Dinitronaphthalin

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0230865A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US6906231B2 (en) 2005-06-14
CN1469859A (zh) 2004-01-21
AU2001293970A1 (en) 2002-04-22
WO2002030865A3 (fr) 2003-03-13
EP1324973B1 (fr) 2010-03-24
WO2002030865A2 (fr) 2002-04-18
KR20030077533A (ko) 2003-10-01
US20040024266A1 (en) 2004-02-05
GB0024744D0 (en) 2000-11-22
ATE461914T1 (de) 2010-04-15
MXPA03003184A (es) 2004-12-06
CA2425301A1 (fr) 2002-04-18
DE60141640D1 (de) 2010-05-06
JP4348078B2 (ja) 2009-10-21
JP2004511454A (ja) 2004-04-15

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