EP1313532A1 - Dispersions polymeres pour la prevention et la lutte contre les incendies, a impact reduit sur l'environnement - Google Patents

Dispersions polymeres pour la prevention et la lutte contre les incendies, a impact reduit sur l'environnement

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Publication number
EP1313532A1
EP1313532A1 EP01958055A EP01958055A EP1313532A1 EP 1313532 A1 EP1313532 A1 EP 1313532A1 EP 01958055 A EP01958055 A EP 01958055A EP 01958055 A EP01958055 A EP 01958055A EP 1313532 A1 EP1313532 A1 EP 1313532A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
water
polymer
oil
polymer dispersions
dispersion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01958055A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1313532B1 (fr
Inventor
Bernd Diener
Veronika Gehler
Erich Kuester
Daniel Roulands
Dieter Wehrhahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Stockhausen GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Stockhausen GmbH and Co KG
Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Stockhausen GmbH and Co KG, Chemische Fabrik Stockhausen GmbH filed Critical Stockhausen GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1313532A1 publication Critical patent/EP1313532A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1313532B1 publication Critical patent/EP1313532B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62D—CHEMICAL MEANS FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES OR FOR COMBATING OR PROTECTING AGAINST HARMFUL CHEMICAL AGENTS; CHEMICAL MATERIALS FOR USE IN BREATHING APPARATUS
    • A62D1/00—Fire-extinguishing compositions; Use of chemical substances in extinguishing fires
    • A62D1/0028—Liquid extinguishing substances
    • A62D1/005—Dispersions; Emulsions
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A62—LIFE-SAVING; FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C—FIRE-FIGHTING
    • A62C99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • A62C99/0009—Methods of extinguishing or preventing the spread of fire by cooling down or suffocating the flames

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to water-in-oil polymer dispersions consisting of a continuous organic phase and finely divided, crosslinked, water-swellable polymers, these having a residual monomer content of less than 1,000 ppm.
  • the present invention further relates to a method for producing the polymer dispersions according to the invention.
  • the present invention relates to devices for fire prevention and control and the use of the polymer dispersions according to the invention.
  • Viscosity of the fire extinguishing water additives with thickening properties are used in order to achieve an improved adhesion of the fire extinguishing agent to surfaces, in particular to inclined surfaces, compared to water.
  • Most of the known fire extinguishing water additives consist of water-swellable polymers, but their applicability is restricted due to their solid, granular morphology.
  • polymer dispersions in the form of water-in-oil emulsions have recently been used, as described in EP 0 774 279 B1. These emulsions consist of a continuous oil phase in which particles of a crosslinked, water-swellable polymer are dispersed. The polymer particles have particle sizes of less than 2 ⁇ m, which results in extremely short swelling times of less than 3 seconds.
  • the water-in-oil emulsions have the properties of a thickener, so that after mixing with water a highly viscous fire extinguishing agent or fire prevention agent is obtained which adheres well to any type of surface, in particular to inclined surfaces.
  • a disadvantage of all additives to fire extinguishing water is their comparatively low environmental compatibility, in particular their toxic effect Microorganisms such as algae and daphnia.
  • Microorganisms such as algae and daphnia.
  • EC 50 values are used, which are determined according to the OECD guideline 201
  • corresponding EC 50 values are used, which are determined according to the OECD guideline 202. Due to their toxicity to algae and daphnia, the known fire extinguishing water additives are classified as "environmentally hazardous" according to European law and must be labeled with the hazard symbol "N".
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to provide more environmentally compatible polymer dispersions which can be used as an additive to fire-fighting water.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by providing water-in-oil polymer dispersions which consist of a continuous organic phase which is practically immiscible with water and finely divided, crosslinked, water-swellable polymers and optionally auxiliaries, the water-in-oil Polymer dispersions have a residual monomer content of less than 1,000 ppm.
  • a water-in-oil polymer dispersion comprises both a polymer emulsion and a polymer suspension, as described, for example, in Ullmann 's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 1988, Vol. A11, page 254, which is hereby introduced as a reference and thus as part revelation applies.
  • residual monomers are understood to be the monomers used in a polymerization reaction and not converted during the polymerization, which monomers are thus contained in the polymer dispersion in a chemically unchanged manner after the polymerization.
  • the polymers contained in the water-in-oil polymer dispersions according to the invention are a class of products which are preferably prepared by reverse-phase emulsion polymerization. This produces finely divided, crosslinked, water-swellable polymers in a continuous organic phase which is practically immiscible with water with the addition of water-in-oil emulsifiers.
  • the monomers are added to the organic phase as a monomer solution consisting of suitable monomers and preferably at least one bifunctional crosslinking agent.
  • the monomer solution contains at least one polymerizable, hydrophilic monomer.
  • this can also consist of a mixture of two or more monomers from the group of the hydrophilic monomers.
  • Hydrophilic monomers are, for example, substances that
  • carboxylic acids and carboxylic anhydrides in particular acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, crotonic acid, glutaconic acid, maleic acid and maleic anhydride and their water-soluble salts,
  • sulfonic acids in particular aliphatic or aromatic vinylsulfonic acids, such as vinylsulfonic acid, allylsulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, in particular acrylic and methacrylicsulfonic acids, such as sulfoethylacrylate, sulfoethyimethacrylate, sulfopropylacrylate, sulfopropyl methacrylate, 2-hydroxyoxyl-3-methacrylate, 2-hydroxyoxyl-3-methacrylate, 2-hydroxyoxy-3-methacrylate methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and its water-soluble salts, and
  • the monomer solution preferably contains, as monomers, acrylic acid and / or an acrylic acid derivative, particularly preferably at least one salt of acrylic acid and acrylamide and very particularly preferably a mixture of acrylic acid, acrylamide and a salt of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid.
  • the monomer solution preferably additionally contains 0.1 to 1% by weight of a bifunctional crosslinking agent.
  • the degree of crosslinking of the polymer significantly influences the viscosity and thus the adhesive properties of the resulting polymer.
  • Preferred crosslinkers are methylene bisacrylamide, allyl (meth) acrylate, diallyl phthalate, polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, tetraethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, triethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, diethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate Trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate used.
  • Triallylmethylammonium chloride is particularly preferably used as the crosslinking agent.
  • the monomer solution is added to an organic phase which contains a water-in-oil emulsifier.
  • fatty acid esters are used as the organic phase.
  • Esters of linear saturated or unsaturated fatty acids in particular fatty acids with an alkyl chain length of more than 11 carbon atoms, particularly preferably lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acid, with alcohols are particularly preferably used.
  • Short-chain alcohols preferably C 1 -C 4 alcohols, are preferably used as the alcohol component.
  • Higher, once branched alcohols are also preferably used, which are preferably produced by Guerbet synthesis.
  • water-in-oil Receive polymer dispersions that have a very low daphnia toxicity, measured according to OECD Guideline 202.
  • the preferred organic phases are water-in-oil polymer dispersions obtained by use of which an EC 5 o-value, determined according to OECD Guideline 202 of more than 10 mg / l have.
  • the fatty acid esters are used alone or preferably in a mixture with a hydrocarbon or a mixture of hydrocarbons, the hydrocarbon or the mixture of hydrocarbons having a boiling point of less than 200 ° C.
  • So-called white oils from petroleum distillation or ligroin with a boiling range of 150-200 ° C. are very particularly preferably used for this purpose.
  • the organic phase is preferably used in an amount of 20 to 80% by weight, based on the amount of the dispersion.
  • an emulsifier 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of dispersion, of an oil-soluble emulsifier is added to the organic phase.
  • Emulsifiers from the group of the surfactants are preferably used. Sorbitan esters, phthalic acid esters, fatty acid glycerides and ethoxylated derivatives thereof are particularly preferably used. Polymeric emulsifiers with the trade name Hypermer® (from ICI, London, England) are very particularly preferably used.
  • a residual monomer killer is preferably added to the polymer dispersion.
  • the addition is such that the content of residual monomers in the resulting water-in-oil polymer dispersion is less than 1,000 ppm.
  • Residual monomer destroyers in the sense of the present invention are substances which modify polymerizable monomers by a chemical reaction in such a way that they are no longer polymerizable, so that they are no longer monomers in the sense of the present invention.
  • substances are used which react with the double bond contained in the monomers and / or substances which can initiate further polymerization.
  • Reducing agents are used, preferably
  • Substances with a hydrogen sulfide group preferably sodium hydrogen sulfide or compounds from the group of the thiols, preferably mercaptoethanol, dodecylmercaptan, thiopropionic acid or salts of thiopropionic acid or thiopropanesulfonic acid or salts of thiopropanesulfonic acid, and / or
  • Substances from the group of amines preferably from the group of amines with low volatility, preferably diisopropanolamine or aminoethylethanolamine, and / or
  • the abovementioned reducing agents can be used in combination with oxidizing agents, preferably substances from the group of the peroxodisulfates or hydroperoxides, preferably hydrogen peroxide.
  • oxidizing agents preferably substances from the group of the peroxodisulfates or hydroperoxides, preferably hydrogen peroxide.
  • compounds which decompose into radicals at elevated temperature such as preferably substances from the group of azo compounds, peroxides or peroxodisulfates.
  • 100 to 20,000 ppm, more preferably 200 to 5,000 ppm and particularly preferably 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on the dispersion, of residual monomer destroyers are added.
  • an oil-in-water emulsifier also referred to as an activator or inverter
  • an oil-in-water emulsifier is added to the water-in-oil polymer dispersion in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of the emulsion.
  • Ethoxylated fatty alcohols are preferably used as inverters, preferably ethoxylated fatty alcohols which are produced from linear and / or branched fatty alcohols with an alkyl chain length of more than 11 carbon atoms.
  • Ethoxylation products of highly branched alcohols, which are accessible by oxosynthesis, such as preferably isotridecyl alcohol are likewise preferably used.
  • An ethoxylation product of higher, once branched alcohols, which are accessible by Guerbet synthesis, is particularly preferably used as the inverter.
  • the water-in-oil polymer dispersion according to the invention preferably contains 10 to 70% by weight, particularly preferably 20 to 50% by weight and very particularly preferably 25 to 35% by weight, of crosslinked, water-swellable polymer particles.
  • the polymer particles preferably have a particle size of less than 2 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably a particle size of less than 1 ⁇ m.
  • the swelling time of the polymer particles is preferably less than 3 seconds.
  • the water-in-oil polymer dispersions according to the invention which can be used as water additives for fire prevention and fire fighting, are distinguished from the previously known fire-fighting water additives by an improved environmental compatibility, in particular by a lower toxicity to microorganisms. In particular they exhibit one after the algae test according to the OECD Guideline 201 certain EC 5 o-value of over 10 mg / l. Partial the OECD Directive EC obtained 202 5 o values of over 10 mg / l in the daphnia test according to, so that dispersions of the invention according to European Can only be classified as "harmful to aquatic organisms". A labeling requirement with the danger symbol "N" does not apply.
  • the fire extinguishing water additives according to the invention are preferred over ecological extinguishing water additives according to the state of the art in fire prevention and fire fighting, especially in the wild, preferably in forest or bush fires.
  • Another object of the present invention is a process for the preparation of the water-in-oil polymer dispersions according to the invention, preferably by phase reversal emulsion polymerization, with a residual monomer destroyer being added to the polymer dispersion after the polymerization.
  • the monomers are added to the organic phase as a monomer solution consisting of suitable monomers, water and preferably at least one bifunctional crosslinking agent.
  • the polymerization reaction is started by adding the polymerization initiators known to the person skilled in the art.
  • azo compounds, peroxide compounds or redox catalysts in each case alone or in a mixture with one another, are preferably used in an amount of 0.001 to 5% by weight, based on the amount of monomer solution.
  • the polymerization is carried out adiabatically, isothermally or as a combination of an adiabatic and isothermal process.
  • the polymerization is started at a certain temperature under reduced pressure.
  • the reduced pressure is set so that the The resulting heat of polymerization distill off volatile substances, such as water and constituents of the organic phase, and the temperature can be kept constant to a few degrees.
  • the end of the polymerization is characterized in that no more distillate passes over.
  • the above-mentioned residual monomer destroyers are added to the polymer dispersion according to the invention. Since the dispersion is oxygen-free after the end of the reaction, the reduction in the amount of residual monomers after the addition of the residual monomer destroyers is particularly effective in this process. 100 to 20,000 ppm, preferably 200 to 5,000 ppm and particularly preferably 500 to 3,000 ppm, based on the dispersion, of residual monomer destroyers are preferably used.
  • the adiabatic process is started at a certain temperature.
  • the polymerization is carried out at atmospheric pressure without external heat supply, until a final temperature which is dependent on the content of polymerizable substance is reached by the heat of polymerization.
  • the reaction mixture is cooled, in the course of which the residual monomer destroyer is added. Since no oxygen-free dispersions are obtained in this process, larger amounts of residual monomer destroyers must be used.
  • 100 to 20,000 ppm, preferably 500 to 5,000 ppm, of residual monomer destroyers are used in this process control.
  • the polymerization can also be carried out as a combination of an isothermal and adiabatic process. Such a process is preferably carried out isothermally at first. At a predetermined point in time, the apparatus is aerated with inert gas and the polymerization is continued adiabatically up to a certain final temperature. The batch is then cooled to a preselected temperature by applying a new vacuum and distillation. This procedure results in an oxygen-free polymer dispersion, so that the reduction in the amount of residual monomers runs particularly effectively after adding the residual monomer destroyer. Preferably 100 to 20,000 ppm, preferably 200 to 5,000 ppm and particularly preferably 500 to 3,000 ppm of residual monomer destroyer, based on the dispersion, are used.
  • an ⁇ W emulsifier also referred to as an activator or inverter, is added to the dispersion in an amount of 0.5 to 10% by weight, based on the amount of the dispersion.
  • Ethoxylated fatty alcohols are preferably used as inverters, preferably ethoxylated fatty alcohols which are produced from linear and / or branched fatty alcohols with an alkyl chain length of more than 11 carbon atoms.
  • Ethoxylation products of highly branched alcohols, which are accessible by oxosynthesis, such as preferably isotridecyl alcohol, are likewise preferably used.
  • An ethoxylation product of higher, once branched alcohols, which are accessible by Guerbet synthesis, is particularly preferably used as the inverter.
  • the method according to the invention can be used to produce more environmentally compatible polymer dispersions, which can be used as an additive to fire-fighting water.
  • the process according to the invention gives polymer dispersions which have EC 50 values according to the algae test according to OECD Guideline 201 of over 10 mg / l.
  • 202 ECso values of over 10 mg / l are obtained in the daphnia test according to the OECD guideline, so that the polymer dispersions according to the invention are only classified as "harmful to aquatic organisms" according to European law and there is no obligation to label them with the hazard symbol "N".
  • the present invention further relates to the use of the polymer dispersions according to the invention as fire extinguishing agents, in which water is added to the polymer dispersion.
  • Fire extinguishing agents in the sense of the present invention are agents which are suitable for protecting surfaces against fire and / or for fighting fire.
  • the water-in-oil polymer dispersions according to the invention can be mixed with water using all the devices customary for this purpose, as described, for example, in EP 0 774 279 B1 and in DE 299 04 848 U1. These writings are hereby introduced as a reference and are therefore considered part of the disclosure.
  • the polymer dispersion is preferably added to the water in a concentration of 0.01 to 50% by volume. 0.02 to 10% by volume and very particularly preferably 1 to 2% by volume of water-in-oil polymer dispersion are particularly preferably used for mixing with water.
  • the mixture of water and polymer dispersion preferably has a viscosity of over 100 mPa s, particularly preferably a viscosity in the range from 500 to 50,000 mPa s.
  • water-in-oil polymer dispersions according to the invention is distinguished from the use of the known fire extinguishing agents by a higher environmental compatibility, in particular by a lower toxicity to microorganisms.
  • Another object of the present invention is a method for applying the water-in-oil polymer dispersion according to the invention to a surface for preventing and / or fighting fires, water being mixed with the polymer dispersion in an amount sufficient to adjust the viscosity of the resultant water / polymer dispersion mixture to above 100 mPa ' s, and this mixture is applied to the surface.
  • the polymer dispersion is mixed with water or aqueous extinguishing agents, preferably in a concentration of 0.01 to 50% by volume. particularly preferably from 0.02 to 10% by volume and very particularly preferably from 1 to 2% by volume.
  • the fire extinguishing agent according to this invention can be applied to the surfaces affected by fire with any conventional fire-fighting device.
  • any conventional fire-fighting device are described, for example, in EP 0 774 279 B1 and in DE 299 04 848 U1.
  • the polymer dispersion can preferably be mixed with the water continuously or in batches.
  • the method according to the invention is distinguished by an improved environmental compatibility compared to the known methods.
  • the method is therefore particularly suitable for use in the wild, i.e. away from places that are equipped with sewers or water retention basins, such as in forest or bush fires.
  • Another object of the present invention is a device for fire prevention and fire extinguishing, which consists of a pressure-resistant container for holding a fire extinguishing agent consisting of water and the polymer dispersion according to the invention.
  • the fire-extinguishing agent can be contained in the pressure-resistant container as a mixture of the polymer dispersion according to the invention and water and can be applied to the source of the fire by conventional outlet devices.
  • the two components namely the polymer dispersion and the water, are preferably initially separated from one another and are accommodated in different, separate sections of the container and are mixed together by actuating a trigger mechanism known for this purpose.
  • the device is preferably a hand-held fire extinguisher or a fire extinguisher as described in the prior art, preferably in EP 0 774 279 B1 and in DE 299 04 848 U1.
  • the devices according to the invention are distinguished by an increased environmental compatibility of the fire extinguishing agent contained therein.
  • OECD Guideline 201 "Alga, Growth Inhibition Test”
  • OECD Guideline 202 "Daphnia sp., Acute Immobilization Test and Reproduction Test” Part 1.
  • the comparative example was carried out using Firesorb® MF, a water-in-oil polymer dispersion of a water-swellable, crosslinked polymer based on sodium acrylate, acrylamide and a 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid sodium salt.
  • Firesorb® MF is a product of Stockhausen GmbH & Co. KG, Bäkerpfad 25, D-47805 Krefeld.
  • water-in-oil polymer dispersions are prepared by the polymerization processes ("procedure") given in Table 1, where "i” isothermal and "a” means adiabatic.
  • polymerization processes the following are described Approaches used.
  • An aqueous monomer solution is first prepared from the following components:
  • An aqueous monomer solution is first prepared from the following components:
  • Hypermer® 1083 40 g of Hypermer® 1083 are dissolved in 440 g of organic phase and the aqueous monomer solution is added with stirring. After the emulsion has been formed, it is homogenized with a high-speed household mixer and heated to 60 ° C. Then 0.3 g of AIBN are added and a vacuum is applied. Water is distilled off until the batch is oxygen-free and the polymerization starts. Due to the vacuum distillation, the reaction temperature remains constant in a range of 60 - 65 ° C. After about 90 ml of water have been distilled, the connection to the vacuum pump is closed and the apparatus is aerated with nitrogen until normal pressure is reached. The batch is then heated up to about 90 ° C. by the remaining heat of polymerization.
  • the dispersion is cooled down to about 40 ° C. again by vacuum distillation.
  • 40 g of make-up SO 2 in Exxsol 100 or Na 2 SO 3 solution
  • 4% activator is stirred in.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Emergency Management (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Polymerisation Methods In General (AREA)
  • Fireproofing Substances (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)

Abstract

Dispersions polymères eau dans l'huile, qui sont constituées d'une phase organique continue et de polymères réticulés pouvant gonfler dans l'eau finement répartis dans la phase organique, lesdits polymères possédant une teneur résiduelle en monomères inférieure à 1.000 parties par million. La présente invention concerne en outre un procédé de production desdites dispersions polymères. Elle concerne enfin des dispositifs de prévention et de lutte contre les incendies et l'utilisation des dispersions polymères selon la présente invention.
EP01958055A 2000-08-23 2001-08-06 Dispersions polymeres pour la prevention et la lutte contre les incendies, a impact reduit sur l'environnement Expired - Lifetime EP1313532B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10041395A DE10041395A1 (de) 2000-08-23 2000-08-23 Polymerdispersionen zur Feuerverhütung und -bekämpfung mit verbesserter Umweltverträglichkeit
DE10041395 2000-08-23
PCT/EP2001/009057 WO2002015982A1 (fr) 2000-08-23 2001-08-06 Dispersions polymeres pour la prevention et la lutte contre les incendies, a impact reduit sur l'environnement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1313532A1 true EP1313532A1 (fr) 2003-05-28
EP1313532B1 EP1313532B1 (fr) 2004-04-28

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01958055A Expired - Lifetime EP1313532B1 (fr) 2000-08-23 2001-08-06 Dispersions polymeres pour la prevention et la lutte contre les incendies, a impact reduit sur l'environnement

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (2) US20040006175A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1313532B1 (fr)
AR (1) AR030474A1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE265254T1 (fr)
AU (2) AU7980501A (fr)
DE (2) DE10041395A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2220791T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT1313532E (fr)
TR (1) TR200401706T4 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002015982A1 (fr)

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DE10041395A1 (de) 2002-03-07
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DE50102155D1 (de) 2004-06-03
US20040006175A1 (en) 2004-01-08
US20080185160A1 (en) 2008-08-07
ES2220791T3 (es) 2004-12-16
AU7980501A (en) 2002-03-04
ATE265254T1 (de) 2004-05-15
TR200401706T4 (tr) 2004-08-23
WO2002015982A1 (fr) 2002-02-28
US8475675B2 (en) 2013-07-02
EP1313532B1 (fr) 2004-04-28
PT1313532E (pt) 2004-09-30

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