EP1296385A2 - Dispositifs électroniques hautement sensibles à l'humidité et méthode de fabrication - Google Patents

Dispositifs électroniques hautement sensibles à l'humidité et méthode de fabrication Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1296385A2
EP1296385A2 EP02078697A EP02078697A EP1296385A2 EP 1296385 A2 EP1296385 A2 EP 1296385A2 EP 02078697 A EP02078697 A EP 02078697A EP 02078697 A EP02078697 A EP 02078697A EP 1296385 A2 EP1296385 A2 EP 1296385A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensitive electronic
moisture
highly moisture
substrate
electronic device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02078697A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1296385A3 (fr
Inventor
Michael Louis Boroson
John Schmittendorf
Jeffrey Peter Serbicki
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Publication of EP1296385A2 publication Critical patent/EP1296385A2/fr
Publication of EP1296385A3 publication Critical patent/EP1296385A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
    • H01L23/18—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
    • H01L23/26—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances, e.g. getters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
    • H01L23/06—Containers; Seals characterised by the material of the container or its electrical properties
    • H01L23/08—Containers; Seals characterised by the material of the container or its electrical properties the material being an electrical insulator, e.g. glass
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/02—Containers; Seals
    • H01L23/10—Containers; Seals characterised by the material or arrangement of seals between parts, e.g. between cap and base of the container or between leads and walls of the container
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/841—Self-supporting sealing arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/842—Containers
    • H10K50/8426—Peripheral sealing arrangements, e.g. adhesives, sealants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/0001—Technical content checked by a classifier
    • H01L2924/0002—Not covered by any one of groups H01L24/00, H01L24/00 and H01L2224/00
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/01—Chemical elements
    • H01L2924/01079—Gold [Au]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/095—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00 with a principal constituent of the material being a combination of two or more materials provided in the groups H01L2924/013 - H01L2924/0715
    • H01L2924/097—Glass-ceramics, e.g. devitrified glass
    • H01L2924/09701—Low temperature co-fired ceramic [LTCC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/10—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/11—Device type
    • H01L2924/12—Passive devices, e.g. 2 terminal devices
    • H01L2924/1204—Optical Diode
    • H01L2924/12044—OLED
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/161—Cap
    • H01L2924/1615—Shape
    • H01L2924/16152—Cap comprising a cavity for hosting the device, e.g. U-shaped cap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/15—Details of package parts other than the semiconductor or other solid state devices to be connected
    • H01L2924/161—Cap
    • H01L2924/1615—Shape
    • H01L2924/16195—Flat cap [not enclosing an internal cavity]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L2924/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements or methods for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies as covered by H01L24/00
    • H01L2924/30—Technical effects
    • H01L2924/301—Electrical effects
    • H01L2924/3011—Impedance
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/844—Encapsulations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
    • H10K50/80—Constructional details
    • H10K50/84—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations
    • H10K50/846—Passivation; Containers; Encapsulations comprising getter material or desiccants
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
    • H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
    • H10K71/851—Division of substrate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to control of moisture inside a packaged electronic device and relates particularly to highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements having multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices and methods for their fabrication to prevent premature device failure or premature degradation of device performance.
  • electronic devices are typically produced by fabricating large substrates containing multiple electronic devices. These substrates are typically selected from the group consisting of glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, and silicon or other semiconductor materials, or combinations of these materials.
  • the substrates may be rigid or flexible and may be handled as individual units or continuous rolls.
  • the primary reason for fabricating multiple electronic devices on large individual substrates or a continuous roll substrate is to reduce manufacturing cost by decreasing handling, increasing throughput, and increasing yield.
  • silicon wafer processing has increased from 2 inch wafers to 12 inch wafers resulting in significant cost reductions.
  • liquid crystal display (LCD) industry glass substrate processing has increased from 300 mm x 400 mm substrates to over 600 mm x 700 mm substrates with the same result.
  • FIG. 1A shows an unencapsulated highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 containing multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 on an individual substrate 10
  • FIG. 1B is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section line 1B-1B of FIG. 1A.
  • Typical electronic devices require humidity levels in a range of about 2500 to below 5000 parts per million (ppm) to prevent premature degradation of device performance within a specified operating and/or storage life of the device. Control of the environment to this range of humidity levels within a packaged device is typically achieved by encapsulating the device or by sealing the device and a desiccant within a cover. Desiccants such as, for example, molecular sieve materials, silica gel materials, and materials commonly referred to as Drierite materials are used to maintain the humidity level within the above range. Short term exposure to humidity levels greater than 2500 ppm during the fabrication and encapsulation of these types of electronic devices typically does not cause measurable degradation of device performance. For this reason encapsulation of these types of electronic devices is done after the electronic devices are separated from the initial substrate.
  • ppm parts per million
  • FIG. 2A shows a typical multiple LCD element 28 before separation into single LCD devices
  • FIG. 2B is a schematic sectional view of the multiple LCD element 28 taken along section line 2B-2B of FIG. 2A.
  • LCD manufacturing the LCD back-plane 22 and the LCD front-plane 24 contain multiple LCD devices.
  • the LCD back-plane 22 and the LCD front-plane 24 are bonded together with a sealing material 20 that surrounds each LCD device except for a gap in the sealing material 20.
  • the LCD devices are separated and filled with liquid crystal material.
  • the gap in the sealing material 20 is sealed with a gap sealing material to retain the liquid crystal material and to protect the LCD back-plane electronics 26 and the liquid crystal material from moisture. Because LCD devices are not highly moisture-sensitive, the separation process of the multiple LCD element is typically performed in an ambient air environment with no measurable degradation of the LCD devices.
  • OLED organic light-emitting devices
  • CCD charge-coupled device
  • MEMS micro-electro-mechanical sensors
  • molecular sieve materials have a relatively low moisture capacity at humidity levels at or below 1000 ppm, and the minimum achievable humidity level of molecular sieve materials is a function of temperature within an enclosure: Moisture absorbed, for example, at room temperature, can be released into the enclosure or package during temperature cycling to higher temperature, such, as, for example, to a temperature of 100°C. Desiccants used within such packaged devices include powders of metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, sulfates, metal halides, or perchlorates, that is materials having desirably relatively low values of equilibrium minimum humidity and high moisture capacity.
  • highly moisture-sensitive devices such as organic light-emitting devices (OLED) or panels, polymer light-emitting devices, charge-coupled device (CCD) sensors, and micro-electro-mechanical sensors (MEMS) are often sealed within a low humidity environment, such as a drybox at humidity levels less than 1000 ppm moisture.
  • a low humidity environment such as a drybox at humidity levels less than 1000 ppm moisture.
  • these highly moisture-sensitive devices are completely sealed within the 1ow humidity environment prior to any additional processing steps, such as, bonding of interconnects, and module assembly.
  • FIG. 3A shows a typical multiple OLED element 34 containing multiple OLED devices 32 on an individual substrate 10, encapsulated with individual encapsulation enclosures 30 and sealing material 20, and FIG. 3B is a schematic sectional view of the multiple OLED element 34 taken along section line 3B-3B of FIG. 3A.
  • FIG. 4A shows a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 comprising a substrate 10 containing multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, a single encapsulation enclosure 30 encapsulating all of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, and sealing material 20.
  • the problem with this technique is shown schematically in FIG. 4A where the sealing material 20 has been damaged by the high gas pressure inside each seal region produced when the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 are moved to their predetermined spacing after both the substrate and the encapsulation enclosure have contacted the sealing material.
  • FIG. 4B is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section lines 4B-4B of FIG. 4A. It would, therefore, be desirable to have highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements and a method for fabricating highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements that does not damage the seals that are required to protect the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices from moisture during fabrication and encapsulation.
  • Kawami and others disclose an organic EL element enclosed in an airtight container which contains a drying substance comprised of a solid compound for chemically absorbing moisture. The drying substance is spaced from the organic EL element, and the drying substance is consolidated in a predetermined shape by vacuum vapor deposition, sputtering, or spin-coating. Kawami and others teach the use of the following desiccants: alkali metal oxides, alkali earth metal oxides, sulfates, metal halides, and perchlorates.
  • Kawami and others do not teach a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers nor a method for fabricating a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers.
  • the handling and sealing problems and solutions of a multiple EL device element, such as methods to prevent damage to the seal due to high gas pressure inside the seal region during encapsulation, are not discussed nor taught by Kawami and others.
  • US-A-5,304,419 discloses a moisture and particle getter for enclosures which enclose an electronic device. A portion of an inner surface of the enclosure is coated with a pressure sensitive adhesive containing a solid desiccant.
  • US-A-5,401,536 describes a method of providing a moisture-free enclosure for an electronic device, the enclosure containing a coating or adhesive with desiccant properties.
  • the coating or adhesive comprises a protonated alumina silicate powder dispersed in a polymer.
  • US-A-5,591,379 discloses a moisture gettering composition for hermetic electronic devices.
  • the composition is applied as a coating or adhesive to the interior surface of a device packaging, and the composition comprises a water vapor permeable binder which has dispersed therein a desiccant which is preferably a molecular sieve material.
  • US-A-4,081,397 describes a composition used for stabilizing the electrical and electronic properties of electrical and electronic devices.
  • the composition comprises alkaline earth oxides in an elastomeric matrix. Booe does not teach a multiple device element or a method used for stabilizing the electrical and electronic properties of a multiple electrical and electronic device element.
  • US-A-4,357,557 describe a thin-film electroluminescent display panel sealed by a pair of glass substrates for protection from the environment.
  • the method includes a protective liquid introduced between the glass substrates, a spacer positioned for determining the spacing between the pair of substrates, injection holes formed within one of the substrates to withdraw under vacuum the air and gases from the cavity defined by the substrates and to introduce the protective liquid into the cavity, an adhesive adapted to provide bonding between the substrates and the spacer, a moisture absorptive member introduced into the protective liquid, and an adhesive to seal the injection hole.
  • Inohara and others do not teach a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers nor a method for fabricating a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers.
  • Us-A-5,239,228 describe a method for protecting a thin-film electroluminescent device similar to Inohara and others with the additional feature of a groove in the sealing plate to capture excess adhesive. This groove may also contain a moisture absorption agent. Taniguchi and others also do not teach a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers nor a method for fabricating a multiple EL device element with multiple airtight containers. The handling and sealing problems and solutions of a multiple EL device element, such as methods to prevent damage to the seal due to high gas pressure inside the seal region during encapsulation, are also not discussed nor taught by Taniguchi and others.
  • US-A-5,771,562 describe a method of hermetically sealing organic light emitting devices comprising the steps of providing an organic light emitting device on a substrate, overcoating the organic light emitting device with a film of inorganic dielectric material, and sealingly engaging an inorganic layer over the dielectric material.
  • Harvey, III and others do not teach a multiple OLED device element with multiple airtight containers nor a method for fabricating a multiple OLED device element with multiple airtight containers.
  • the inorganic dielectric layer may provide temporary protection from moisture during the encapsulation process, Harvey, III and others do not teach how this layer can be used to fabricate a multiple OLED device element with multiple airtight containers.
  • US-A-6,226,890 describe a method of desiccating an environment surrounding a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device sealed within an enclosure, including selecting a desiccant comprised of solid particles having a particle size range 0.1 to 200 micrometers.
  • the desiccant is selected to provide an equilibrium minimum humidity level lower than a humidity level to which the device is sensitive within the sealed enclosure.
  • a binder is chosen that maintains or enhances the moisture absorption rate of the desiccant for blending the selected desiccant therein.
  • the binder may be in liquid phase or dissolved in a liquid.
  • a castable blend is formed including at least the desiccant particles and the binder, the blend having a preferred weight fraction of the desiccant particles in the blend in a range of 10% to 90%.
  • the blend is cast in a measured amount onto a portion of an interior surface of an enclosure to form a desiccant layer thereover, the enclosure having a sealing flange.
  • the blend is solidified to form a solid desiccant layer, and the electronic device is sealed with the enclosure along the sealing flange.
  • Boroson and others do not teach a method of desiccating an environment surrounding a multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element sealed within multiple enclosures.
  • a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element having highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices comprising:
  • this object is achieved by a method of making highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements having a plurality of highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices such as OLED devices on a single substrate wherein the devices are protected from moisture prior to separating the individual devices from the substrate, comprising the steps of:
  • the elements and methods for fabrication of the elements in accordance with the present invention of highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements having highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices and methods for their fabrication to prevent premature device failure or premature degradation of device performance provides the following advantages over prior art methods: reduced handling of devices and encapsulation enclosures by sealing all of the highly moisture-sensitive devices on a single substrate as a single element with a single encapsulation enclosure encapsulating all of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices on the substrate prior to separating into smaller single or multiple device elements; improved protection from moisture prior to exposure to ambient environments; improved compatibility with automated processes required for high volume manufacturing; improved compatibility with processing inside a low moisture environment; and reduction in encapsulation defects due to pressure differentials inside and outside the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices.
  • highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element is employed to designate an element that contains one or more highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices during or after fabrication, or both, during and after fabrication of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices is complete.
  • highly moisture-sensitive electronic device is employed to designate any electronic device that is susceptible to a measurable degradation of device performance at ambient moisture levels greater than 1000 ppm.
  • substrate is employed to designate organic, inorganic, or combination organic and inorganic solids on which one or more highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices are fabricated.
  • encapsulation enclosure is employed to designate organic, inorganic, or combination organic and inorganic solids used to protect one or more highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices from moisture by preventing or limiting moisture permeation through the encapsulation enclosures.
  • sealing material is employed to designate organic, inorganic, or combination organic and inorganic materials used to bond encapsulation enclosures to substrates and to protect one or more highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices from moisture by preventing or limiting moisture permeation through the sealing materials.
  • the term “gap” is employed to designate a discontinuity in the sealing material surrounding one or more electronic devices.
  • water absorbing material is employed to designate inorganic materials used to physically or chemically absorb or react with moisture that would otherwise damage the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices.
  • temporary moisture protection layer is employed to designate organic, inorganic, or combination organic and inorganic materials used to prevent or limit moisture induced damage to the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices during short term exposure to ambient moisture levels greater than 1000 ppm, where short term is typically less than 10 days.
  • FIG. 5A there is shown one embodiment of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 in accordance with the present invention.
  • a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 is shown comprising a substrate 10 containing multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, a single encapsulation enclosure 30 encapsulating all of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 on the substrate 10, and sealing material 20 surrounding each highly moisture-sensitive electronic device 12 with no gaps in the sealing material 20.
  • FIG. 5B is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section lines 5B-5B of FIG. 5A. In FIG. 5A and FIG.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 is shown comprising four highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, but the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element of this invention may comprise any number of highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices greater than one.
  • the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 shown in FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B may be an organic solid, an inorganic solid, or a combination of organic and inorganic solids.
  • the substrate and the encapsulation enclosure may be rigid or flexible and may be processed as separate individual pieces, such as sheets or wafers, or as continuous rolls.
  • Typical substrate and the encapsulation enclosure materials include glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the substrate and the encapsulation enclosure may be a homogeneous mixture of materials, a composite of materials, or multiple layers of materials.
  • the sealing material 5B surrounds each individual highly moisture-sensitive electronic device, but the sealing material could also surround groups of two or more highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices if the final product required more than one highly moisture-sensitive electronic device within a single element.
  • the sealing material surrounding each highly moisture-sensitive electronic device or groups of highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices contains no gaps, such that the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element is protected from moisture prior to separating into smaller single or multiple device elements.
  • the sealing material may be organic, inorganic, or a combination of organic and inorganic.
  • the sealing material may be bonded to the substrate and the encapsulation enclosure by melting and cooling or by reaction curing.
  • Typical materials bonded by melting and cooling include glass; hot melt adhesives such as polyolefins, polyesters, polyamides, or combinations thereof; or inorganic solders such as indium, tin, lead, silver, gold, or combinations thereof.
  • Typical reaction curing methods include reactions resulting from heat, radiation such as UV radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • Typical materials bonded by reaction curing include acrylates, epoxies, polyurethanes, silicones, or combinations thereof.
  • Other inorganic material typically used in sealing materials include glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, semiconductor oxide, or combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 6A there is shown another embodiment of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 in accordance with the present invention.
  • a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 is shown comprising a substrate 10 containing multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, a single encapsulation enclosure 30 encapsulating all of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 on the substrate 10, sealing material 20 defining a space surrounding each highly moisture-sensitive electronic device 12 with no gaps in the sealing material 20, water absorbing material 60 positioned between the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 and within the space defined by the sealing material 20, and temporary moisture protection layers 62 coated over each of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12.
  • FIG. 6B is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section lines 6B-6B of FIG.
  • the water absorbing material is used to physically or chemically absorb or react with moisture that would otherwise damage the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices.
  • Typical water absorbing materials include alkaline metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, molecular sieves, and metals with work functions less than 4.5 eV and capable of being oxidized in the presence of moisture, or combinations thereof.
  • Water absorbing material may be packaged within moisture permeable containers or binders.
  • the water absorbing material may be a single material, a homogeneous mixture of materials, a composite of materials, or multiple layers of materials.
  • Temporary moisture protection layers are used to prevent or limit moisture induced damage to the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices during short term exposure to ambient moisture levels greater than 1000 ppm.
  • the temporary moisture protection layer is organic material, inorganic material, or a combination thereof. Typical organic materials include epoxies, polyurethanes, polyureas, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyimides, phenolics, polyvinyls, phenoxies, polysulfones, polyolefins, polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • Typical inorganic materials include glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the temporary moisture protection layer may be a single material, a homogeneous mixture of materials, a composite of materials, or multiple layers of materials.
  • FIGS. 7A to 7E there is shown an embodiment of the method of making highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements such as OLED devices on a single substrate wherein the devices are protected from moisture prior to separating the individual devices from the substrate in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A to 7E there is shown an embodiment of the method of making highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements such as OLED devices on a single substrate wherein the devices are protected from moisture prior to separating the individual devices from the substrate in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 7A shows a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 at an initial ambient pressure P 1 , comprising a substrate 10 containing multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 and sealing material 20 surrounding each highly moisture-sensitive electronic device 12 with no gaps in the sealing material 20 in close aligned proximity to, but spaced apart from, an encapsulation enclosure 30 encapsulating all of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 on the substrate 10 and containing water absorbing material 60 in positions such that after bonding, the water absorbing material will be positioned within each moisture-sensitive electronic.
  • FIG. 7B is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section lines 7B,C-7B,C of FIG. 7A.
  • the initial ambient pressure P 1 may be above, below, or equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B Details of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, substrate 10, encapsulation enclosure 30, sealing material 20, and water absorbing material 60 are identical with the embodiments shown in FIGS. 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B.
  • the temporary moisture protection layer 62 described in detail in FIG. 6A and 6B may be coated on the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12 as a replacement for, or in addition to, the use of water absorbing material 60.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 comprises highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12, a substrate 10, an encapsulation enclosure 30, and sealing material 20.
  • FIG. 7C is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 taken along section lines 7B,C-7B,C of FIG.
  • FIG. 7A shows a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element 14 at a final ambient pressure P 3 , after relative motion between the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 until the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 are spaced apart within a predetermined range and after bonding the sealing material 20 to both the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 to form the multiple highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices 12.
  • the ambient pressure P 3 may be equal to or greater than the ambient pressure P 2 .
  • the ambient pressure P 3 is increased, relative to the initial ambient pressure P 1 surrounding the substrate 10, the encapsulation enclosure 30, and the sealing material 20, to reduce the pressure difference within spaces defined between the substrate 10, the encapsulation enclosure 30, and the sealing material 20 relative to the increased ambient pressure P 3 , to thereby prevent deformation of the sealing material 20.
  • Bonding the sealing material 20 to both the substrate 10 and the encapsulation enclosure 30 may be accomplished by melting and cooling, reaction curing, or a combination thereof.
  • the reaction curing may include reactions resulting from heat, radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • FIG. 7E is a schematic sectional view of the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element taken along section lines 7E-7E of FIG. 7D. After completing the method described in FIG. 7A to 7E, the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices are typically separated into individual devices or groups of devices having a portion of the initial substrate.
  • test structures were fabricated by the following process sequence:
  • the quality of the encapsulation for all locations within the test structure was judged based on the quality of the sealing material after bonding. If damage was evident to the seal material due to pressure differences inside and outside the sealing material, the encapsulation quality was rated as poor. If no damage was evident, the encapsulation quality was rated as good. If slight damage was evident, the encapsulation quality was rated as fair. Seal Dimensions LxWxT (mm) Initial Pressure (Vac. gauge, Torr) Final Pressure (Vac.
  • the optimal initial and final pressure determines the encapsulation quality and depends on the size of the encapsulation space as shown by the seal dimensions. For any particular seal dimension there will be multiple sets of initial and final pressures that will result in high quality encapsulations, and there will be an operating range within each set of pressures that results in high quality encapsulations. The conditions shown in the table show only one set of pressures for each seal dimension that results in high quality encapsulations.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the sealing material is organic material, inorganic material, or combinations thereof that is melted and cooled or reaction cured.
  • reaction curing includes reactions resulting from heat, radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, semiconductor oxide, and metal solder, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the water absorbing material is selected from the group consisting of alkaline metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, molecular sieves, and metals with work functions less than 4.5 eV and capable of being oxidized in the presence of moisture, or combinations thereof.
  • a highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element having highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices comprising:
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the substrate includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the encapsulation enclosure includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the sealing material is organic material, inorganic material, or combinations thereof that is melted and cooled or reaction cured.
  • reaction curing includes reactions resulting from heat, radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, semiconductor oxide, and metal solder, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the temporary moisture protection layer is organic material, inorganic material, or a combination thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, polyureas, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyimides, phenolics, polyvinyls, phenoxies, polysulfones, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the highly moisture-sensitive electronic device element wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, and carbon or combinations thereof.
  • a method of making highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements having a plurality of highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices such as OLED devices on a single substrate wherein the devices are protected from moisture prior to separating the individual devices from the substrate comprising the steps of:
  • the method wherein the bonding step is accomplished by melting and cooling, reaction curing, or a combination thereof.
  • reaction includes reactions resulting from heat, radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • the substrate includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the encapsulation enclosure includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • sealing material is organic material, inorganic material, or combinations thereof.
  • organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the method wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, semiconductor oxide, and metal solder, or combinations thereof.
  • the method further including the step of separating the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices into individual devices or groups of devices having a portion of the initial substrate.
  • a method of making highly moisture-sensitive electronic device elements having a plurality of highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices such as OLED devices on a single substrate wherein the devices are protected from moisture prior to separating the individual devices from the substrate comprising the steps of:
  • the method wherein the bonding step is accomplished by melting and cooling, reaction curing, or a combination thereof.
  • reaction includes reactions resulting from heat, radiation, mixing of two or more components, exposure to ambient moisture, removal of ambient oxygen, or combinations thereof.
  • the substrate includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • the encapsulation enclosure includes rigid or flexible: glass, plastic, metal, ceramic, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, carbon or combinations thereof.
  • sealing material is organic material, inorganic material, or combinations thereof.
  • organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the method wherein the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, semiconductor oxide, and metal solder, or combinations thereof.
  • the method further including the step of separating the highly moisture-sensitive electronic devices into individual devices or groups of devices having a portion of the initial substrate.
  • the water absorbing material is selected from the group consisting of alkaline metal oxides, alkaline earth metal oxides, sulfates, metal halides, perchlorates, molecular sieves, and metals with work functions less than 4.5 eV and capable of being oxidized in the presence of moisture, or combinations thereof.
  • the temporary moisture protection layer is organic material, inorganic material, or a combination thereof.
  • organic material is selected from the group consisting of epoxies, polyurethanes, polyureas, acrylates, silicones, polyamides, polyimides, phenolics, polyvinyls, phenoxies, polysulfones, polyolefins, and polyesters, or combinations thereof.
  • the inorganic material is selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramic, metal, semiconductor, metal oxide, metal nitride, metal sulfide, semiconductor oxide, semiconductor nitride, semiconductor sulfide, and carbon or combinations thereof.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Electroluminescent Light Sources (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
  • Drying Of Gases (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Drying Of Semiconductors (AREA)
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JP2003179174A (ja) 2003-06-27
US20030057574A1 (en) 2003-03-27
US20030211644A1 (en) 2003-11-13
US7329608B2 (en) 2008-02-12
US20050093458A1 (en) 2005-05-05
US7091605B2 (en) 2006-08-15

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