EP1236248B1 - Verbindungskabel mit elektrischer steckverbindung sowie kabelmanager - Google Patents
Verbindungskabel mit elektrischer steckverbindung sowie kabelmanager Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1236248B1 EP1236248B1 EP00976033A EP00976033A EP1236248B1 EP 1236248 B1 EP1236248 B1 EP 1236248B1 EP 00976033 A EP00976033 A EP 00976033A EP 00976033 A EP00976033 A EP 00976033A EP 1236248 B1 EP1236248 B1 EP 1236248B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cable
- guides
- routed
- inner conductor
- conductor pair
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/58—Contacts spaced along longitudinal axis of engagement
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R13/00—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00
- H01R13/646—Details of coupling devices of the kinds covered by groups H01R12/70 or H01R24/00 - H01R33/00 specially adapted for high-frequency, e.g. structures providing an impedance match or phase match
- H01R13/6461—Means for preventing cross-talk
- H01R13/6463—Means for preventing cross-talk using twisted pairs of wires
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01R—ELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
- H01R24/00—Two-part coupling devices, or either of their cooperating parts, characterised by their overall structure
- H01R24/60—Contacts spaced along planar side wall transverse to longitudinal axis of engagement
- H01R24/62—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices
- H01R24/64—Sliding engagements with one side only, e.g. modular jack coupling devices for high frequency, e.g. RJ 45
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S439/00—Electrical connectors
- Y10S439/941—Crosstalk suppression
Definitions
- connection cable comprising a cable with a Variety of wires, which are guided in pairs defined in the cable, where Both ends of the cable a similar electrical connector is arranged, wherein for fixing and defined guidance at the two Cable ends each a cable manager is arranged, in which the wires of the Cable are led to the electrical contacts.
- the most common electrical connector for balanced data cables is the RJ-45 connector (Regular Jack-45), depending on the technical Requirement in various designs is known.
- RJ-45 connector Registered Jack-45
- Compensatory measures are required that reduce the overall crosstalk to the reduce required size.
- this requires low tolerances of Crosstalk in the plug.
- Another manufacturer is the crosstalk in the plug for each pair combination in define a narrow tolerance range.
- the crosstalk in the RJ-45 connector is due to the structural design the parallel contacts and the parallel guidance of the wires establish.
- the crosstalk between the Cores in this area subjected to very large tolerances, depending after where the twisting of the adempare begins and to what extent veins begin Touch adjacent pairs. In this simple way, the necessary crosstalk values are not guaranteed.
- Such a cable manager is known, for example, from EP 0 789 939 B1.
- Such a patch or plug cable is made of "telecommunications and Data Components, Product Catalog 98 of CobiNet GmbH, April 1998, P.2.3 known. The internal structure or whether cable manager can be used and how these are formed, the prospectus can not be removed.
- the invention is therefore based on the technical problem, a generic connection cable to create, in which the tolerances of Crosstalk values are minimized on both sides of the cable.
- Another one technical problem is the creation of a related cable manager.
- the two inner wire pairs lie in the same connection plane E1 in the end face. This leaves the two Inner wire pairs close to each other and create one for compatibility purposes necessary crosstalk. Due to the generation of crosstalk in the Connection level does not have this by a certain course of Wire pairs to each other in the cable manager are generated, so that the Cable Manager very small and compact in terms of its longitudinal dimensions can be held.
- connection level of the Inner Ademprese on top of the cable manager so that each one Wire pair on each side almost straight through the cable manager is looped through. This reduces the mechanical reserves to the Jardinmannagern, since only one wire pair must change the level.
- the lead of the inner or the inner pair of leads in the cable manager is diagonal or perpendicular angled to the connection plane switch.
- the advantage of a diagonal guide is the simple realization, since only one continuous guide is needed, whereas the advantage of vertical angulation is that the two inner wire pairs in Cable manager at a distance from each other are feasible, so that the Crosstalk is reduced.
- the cable manager with Locking means formed so that the cable manager in the electrical Plug connection can be latched.
- the cable manager according to the invention comprises a non-conductive basic body, which is designed with guides for veins, the guides of the two outer Adempare laterally in the cable manager substantially perpendicular to a Stim surface are formed and from the back to the end face of the Cable managers a first and second inner pair in pairs of the Top and bottom inside the cable manager in a common Connection level E1 are guided in the end face.
- the cable manager allows So a crossing-free changing the level of the wire pairs from the back to the face. Because changing the two inner wire pairs on the two Cable ends just have to be the cable manager either Alternatively, allow both guides or for the two cable ends Two differently trained cable managers must be used.
- the guides can be identical be formed so that the use of an identical cable manager for both cable ends is no problem.
- the two guides differ Veins.
- the Cable manager at the top to the front and at the bottom to the Stimulate the guides of both the first and the second inner Provide ademploes. This is especially true for continuous Guided tours very expensive. Therefore, it is conceivable within the cable manager only sections to lead the pairs of wires, for example, on the back and the face of the cable manager, in which case the different Vein leadership of the two inner Ademcrue between takes place.
- the wires between the two guides the back and the face need some play and thus the Increase tolerances for the crosstalk somewhat, depending on how far the Wire guide is determined by the two guides.
- the first cable manager is the lead of the first inner pair of wires from the top to the terminal level E1 in FIG the face and the guide of the second, inner wire pair of the Bottom guided in the common connection plane E1.
- the guides are formed in the second cable manager.
- connection plane E1 is disposed below the top, so that each at the back located on the top wire pair without Change the level almost straight through the cable manager can. The same applies if the connection level below the bottom is arranged. Whether the connection level assigned to the top or bottom It depends on which side the contacts contact the wires should.
- the leadership of the first inner Cores pair at least partially U- or V-shaped.
- the guides of the Back to the end face formed as a continuous channels, so that the Conductors are guided defined over the full length of the cable manager.
- an eight-core cable 10 is shown, wherein the wires 1-8 twisted in pairs in the cable 10 are arranged. Depending on the training, the Wire pairs additionally twisted together, in spiral vein crosses or formed with shields against each other. Regardless of the type of Guide within the cable 10 is at the two end faces the Wire pair distribution according to Figure 4 a.
- the numbering of the wires 1-8 is included selected according to an RJ-45 connection. Comparing the location of Wire pairs on the two ends of the cable 10, it is noted that the wire pairs 1, 2 and 7, 8 are in the same position, whereas the both inner wire pairs 3, 6 and 4, 5 have swapped. Shall now However, two plugs are arranged on both ends, so should the Cores 3, 6 and 4, 5 are crossed at one end, so this again on the correct connection side for the plug are.
- the Ademcovere 1,2 and 7,8 are straight from the cable 10 to their associated contacts 41,42 and 47, 48 out.
- the pair of wires 4, 5 can also be guided straight to its contacts 44, 45, whereas the Ademcover 3, 6 from above to its contacts 43, 46 in the connection plane E1 must be performed, but the Ademcover 3.6 not the pair of wires 4, 5 crosses.
- FIG. 2a shows in perspective the underside and in FIG. 3a the rear side of a first cable manager 11 shown.
- the cable manager 11 consists of a non-conductive body having a guide 21-28 for each wire 1-8. These guides 21-28 extend from the back 12 to the end face 13 of the cable manager 11.
- the guides 21, 22, 27, 28 are arranged laterally and run senrecht to the back 12 and end face 13.
- the guides 21, 22, 27, 28 are all in a common connection plane E2.
- the first cable manager 11 comprises an H-shaped guide element 14. which is arranged on the rear side 12 of the cable manager 11. in which the Bottom 15 facing part of the H-shaped guide member 14th begin the guides 24, 25 of Ademphiles 4,5.
- the guides 24, 25 run parallel to each other from the bottom 15 in the connection plane E1.
- the connection plane E1 is just below the top 16 of the Cable manager 11 at the end face 13.
- the guides 24, 25 extend either diagonally or vertically angled in the cable manager 11. In the vertically angled embodiment, the guides 24, 25 run initially parallel in the area of the bottom 15, then angle perpendicular to Top 16 up to the level of the connection plane E1 and from there vertically in Direction of face 13 from. In the top 16 facing part of the H-shaped Guide element 14 begin the guides 23, 26. These are at the back 12 already at the level of the connection plane E1. In contrast to the parallel guided guides 24, 25 run the guides 23, 26 V-shaped to each other, since the leading to wires 3, 6 to the nested contacts 43, 46 must be performed.
- a second cable manager 17 is in corresponding Views shown.
- the second cable manager 17 is also eight Guides 31-38 formed for the wires 1-8, wherein the guides 31, 32, 37, 38 identical to the guides 21, 22, 27, 28 of the first cable manager eleventh are formed.
- the end face 18 of the second cable manager 17 as the end face 13 of the first cable manager 11 is formed.
- the non-visible contacts 41-48 are formed completely identical and arranged. The only difference is in the guides 33, 36, 34, 35 for the Adm. 3.6 or 4.5. Since the location of the wire pairs 3.6 and 4.5 in Compared to the first cable manager 11 have to change accordingly the associated guides are also reversed.
- the run Guides 33, 36 V-shaped from the bottom 19 in the connection plane E1.
- the Guides can be angled either diagonally or vertically run.
- the guides 34, 35 are on the back 20 of the second Kabefmanagers 17 already at the level of the connection level E1 and are therefore perpendicular to the back 20 just performed.
- the wires 1-8 can two identical electrical connectors defined and without crossing be guided, with the two cable manager 11, 17 only minimal to each other have to be modified.
Landscapes
- Details Of Connecting Devices For Male And Female Coupling (AREA)
- Coupling Device And Connection With Printed Circuit (AREA)
- Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Connector Housings Or Holding Contact Members (AREA)
- Multi-Conductor Connections (AREA)
- Gas Or Oil Filled Cable Accessories (AREA)
- Laying Of Electric Cables Or Lines Outside (AREA)
- Installation Of Indoor Wiring (AREA)
- Connections Effected By Soldering, Adhesion, Or Permanent Deformation (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200030112T SI1236248T1 (en) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-11-16 | Connecting cable comprising an electric plug-and-socket connection and loadbar |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19959823A DE19959823C2 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 1999-12-10 | Verbindungskabel mit elektrischer Steckverbindung |
DE19959823 | 1999-12-10 | ||
PCT/EP2000/011348 WO2001043239A1 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-11-16 | Verbindungskabel mit elektrischer steckverbindung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1236248A1 EP1236248A1 (de) | 2002-09-04 |
EP1236248B1 true EP1236248B1 (de) | 2003-05-02 |
Family
ID=7932317
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00976033A Expired - Lifetime EP1236248B1 (de) | 1999-12-10 | 2000-11-16 | Verbindungskabel mit elektrischer steckverbindung sowie kabelmanager |
Country Status (33)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US6793515B1 (hr) |
EP (1) | EP1236248B1 (hr) |
JP (1) | JP4544804B2 (hr) |
KR (1) | KR100668189B1 (hr) |
CN (1) | CN1201447C (hr) |
AR (1) | AR026750A1 (hr) |
AT (1) | ATE239307T1 (hr) |
AU (1) | AU778891B2 (hr) |
BG (1) | BG64720B1 (hr) |
BR (1) | BR0016288A (hr) |
CA (1) | CA2391106C (hr) |
CZ (1) | CZ301309B6 (hr) |
DE (2) | DE19959823C2 (hr) |
DK (1) | DK1236248T3 (hr) |
ES (1) | ES2194788T3 (hr) |
HK (1) | HK1054625A1 (hr) |
HR (1) | HRP20020503B1 (hr) |
HU (1) | HU223292B1 (hr) |
IL (1) | IL149555A0 (hr) |
MX (1) | MXPA02005593A (hr) |
MY (1) | MY121502A (hr) |
NO (1) | NO320249B1 (hr) |
PL (1) | PL202485B1 (hr) |
PT (1) | PT1236248E (hr) |
RS (1) | RS49811B (hr) |
SA (1) | SA00210615B1 (hr) |
SI (1) | SI1236248T1 (hr) |
SK (1) | SK287246B6 (hr) |
TN (1) | TNSN00237A1 (hr) |
TR (1) | TR200201499T2 (hr) |
TW (1) | TW483199B (hr) |
WO (1) | WO2001043239A1 (hr) |
ZA (1) | ZA200204574B (hr) |
Families Citing this family (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP4199961B2 (ja) | 2002-06-26 | 2008-12-24 | ヒロセ電機株式会社 | モジュラープラグ |
JP2004213949A (ja) * | 2002-12-27 | 2004-07-29 | Tyco Electronics Amp Kk | 電気ケーブル組立体 |
DE20309009U1 (de) | 2003-06-11 | 2003-08-14 | FESTO AG & Co., 73734 Esslingen | Elektrisches Bauteil, insbesondere Positionssensor |
US6994580B1 (en) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-02-07 | Excellence Wire Ind. Co., Ltd. | Network plug |
EP1901405A3 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2010-02-24 | Panduit Corporation | Wire containment cap |
US7384298B2 (en) * | 2005-08-08 | 2008-06-10 | Panduit Corp. | Wire containment cap |
GB0525435D0 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2006-01-25 | Tyco Electronics Amp Es Sa | Plug |
GB2448937B (en) * | 2007-05-04 | 2009-10-14 | Brand Rex Ltd | Improvements in and relating to electrical connectors |
DE602007012257D1 (de) | 2007-10-04 | 2011-03-10 | 3M Innovative Properties Co | Verbinder auf dem Gebiet der Telekommunikation |
EP2045884B1 (en) * | 2007-10-04 | 2010-12-01 | 3M Innovative Properties Company | A shielding attachable to a connector in the field of telecommunications, a combination of a connector and at least one shielding and a method of shielding a connector |
DE102009001783B4 (de) * | 2009-03-24 | 2011-02-17 | Tyco Electronics Amp Gmbh | Elektrischer Steckverbinder |
US8634901B2 (en) | 2011-09-30 | 2014-01-21 | Covidien Lp | ECG leadwire system with noise suppression and related methods |
EP2873118B1 (en) | 2012-07-16 | 2020-04-01 | CommScope, Inc. of North Carolina | Balanced pin and socket connectors |
US8979553B2 (en) * | 2012-10-25 | 2015-03-17 | Molex Incorporated | Connector guide for orienting wires for termination |
GB2547958B (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2019-12-18 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Two-wire plug and receptacle |
CN110546822A (zh) | 2017-04-24 | 2019-12-06 | 康普技术有限责任公司 | 用于单个扭绞导体对的连接器 |
WO2018227057A1 (en) | 2017-06-08 | 2018-12-13 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Connectors for a single twisted pair of conductors |
WO2019147774A1 (en) | 2018-01-26 | 2019-08-01 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Connectors for a single twisted pair of conductors |
BR112020017356A2 (pt) | 2018-02-26 | 2020-12-15 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Conectores e contatos para um único par torcido de condutores |
US10978838B2 (en) * | 2018-04-02 | 2021-04-13 | Optical Cable Corporation | Multi-stage termination of a cable to an RJ-45 outlet |
US10522938B1 (en) * | 2018-09-07 | 2019-12-31 | Te Connectivity Corporation | Electrical connector with non-uniformly arranged contacts |
MX2021011116A (es) | 2019-03-15 | 2021-10-13 | Commscope Technologies Llc | Conectores y contactos para un par de conductores de retorcedura unica. |
Family Cites Families (22)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPS63284769A (ja) * | 1987-05-06 | 1988-11-22 | モレツクス インコ−ポレ−テツド | 複数の絶縁導線を終端接続するコネクタ及びその組み立て方法 |
US5381498A (en) | 1993-09-16 | 1995-01-10 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Modular multifiber connector with phone-like plug and socket |
JP2932142B2 (ja) * | 1993-12-29 | 1999-08-09 | モレックス インコーポレーテッド | 複数の電線配列間隔変換装置 |
CN1076891C (zh) * | 1994-10-31 | 2001-12-26 | 惠特克公司 | 把分散的导线连接起来形成用于高性能接头的整体带式电缆 |
US5655284A (en) * | 1994-10-31 | 1997-08-12 | The Whitaker Corp. | Fixture for use in preparing twisted pair cables for attachment to an electrical connector |
GB9603751D0 (en) | 1996-02-22 | 1996-04-24 | Amp Espa Ola S A | Twisted pair cable and connector assembly |
DE19649668C1 (de) * | 1996-11-29 | 1998-05-28 | Siemens Ag | Stecker (IEC 603-7) mit optimierten elektrischen Übertragungseigenschaften |
WO1998031466A1 (en) | 1997-01-17 | 1998-07-23 | Corning Incorporated | Multi-well plate |
US5944535A (en) * | 1997-02-04 | 1999-08-31 | Hubbell Incorporated | Interface panel system for networks |
JPH10302852A (ja) * | 1997-04-23 | 1998-11-13 | Sumitomo Wiring Syst Ltd | モジュラプラグ |
US5989071A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-11-23 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Low crosstalk assembly structure for use in a communication plug |
WO1999017406A1 (en) | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-08 | The Whitaker Corporation | Modular plug having load bar for crosstalk reduction |
US5991140A (en) * | 1997-12-19 | 1999-11-23 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Technique for effectively re-arranging circuitry to realize a communications service |
US6083052A (en) * | 1998-03-23 | 2000-07-04 | The Siemon Company | Enhanced performance connector |
WO1999053574A1 (en) * | 1998-04-16 | 1999-10-21 | Thomas & Betts International, Inc. | Crosstalk reducing electrical jack and plug connector |
US6365835B1 (en) * | 1998-05-14 | 2002-04-02 | Kenneth J. Farmer | Fully-terminated solid-core wire cable |
US6250949B1 (en) * | 1998-12-16 | 2001-06-26 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Communication cable terminating plug |
IL129883A0 (en) * | 1999-05-10 | 2000-02-29 | Rit Techn Ltd | Cable organizer |
EP1188204B1 (en) * | 1999-05-27 | 2008-08-06 | Bel Fuse Ltd. | Modular electrical plug, plug-cable assemblies including the same, and load bar and terminal blade for same |
CN1183628C (zh) * | 1999-05-28 | 2005-01-05 | 克罗纳数字通信公司 | 具有模制的应力消除件的电缆总成及其制造方法 |
US6517377B2 (en) * | 2000-05-25 | 2003-02-11 | Sterling Vaden | Reduced crosstalk modular plug and patch cord incorporating the same |
US6524128B2 (en) * | 2000-06-02 | 2003-02-25 | Stewart Connector Systems, Inc. | Modular plug wire aligner |
-
1999
- 1999-12-10 DE DE19959823A patent/DE19959823C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-11-16 RS YUP-422/02A patent/RS49811B/sr unknown
- 2000-11-16 WO PCT/EP2000/011348 patent/WO2001043239A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-16 KR KR1020027006888A patent/KR100668189B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 AU AU13943/01A patent/AU778891B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-16 CA CA002391106A patent/CA2391106C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-16 US US10/149,280 patent/US6793515B1/en not_active Ceased
- 2000-11-16 PT PT00976033T patent/PT1236248E/pt unknown
- 2000-11-16 IL IL14955500A patent/IL149555A0/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 SI SI200030112T patent/SI1236248T1/xx unknown
- 2000-11-16 US US11/525,191 patent/USRE41206E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-16 SK SK790-2002A patent/SK287246B6/sk not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 MX MXPA02005593A patent/MXPA02005593A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-11-16 CZ CZ20021907A patent/CZ301309B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 TR TR2002/01499T patent/TR200201499T2/xx unknown
- 2000-11-16 PL PL355632A patent/PL202485B1/pl not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 ES ES00976033T patent/ES2194788T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-16 BR BR0016288-4A patent/BR0016288A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 AT AT00976033T patent/ATE239307T1/de active
- 2000-11-16 JP JP2001543817A patent/JP4544804B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-16 HU HU0204061A patent/HU223292B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-11-16 DE DE50002024T patent/DE50002024D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-16 CN CNB008168687A patent/CN1201447C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-11-16 EP EP00976033A patent/EP1236248B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-11-16 DK DK00976033T patent/DK1236248T3/da active
- 2000-12-02 TW TW089125694A patent/TW483199B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-12-06 TN TNTNSN00237A patent/TNSN00237A1/en unknown
- 2000-12-07 AR ARP000106481A patent/AR026750A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2000-12-08 MY MYPI20005781A patent/MY121502A/en unknown
- 2000-12-11 SA SA00210615A patent/SA00210615B1/ar unknown
-
2002
- 2002-05-29 NO NO20022550A patent/NO320249B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-05-29 BG BG106750A patent/BG64720B1/bg unknown
- 2002-06-07 ZA ZA200204574A patent/ZA200204574B/xx unknown
- 2002-06-07 HR HR20020503A patent/HRP20020503B1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2003
- 2003-09-24 HK HK03106861A patent/HK1054625A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
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