EP1205270A1 - Procede et dispositif permettant l'affaissement et la separation du materiau de moulage et du sable vert du moule en sable vert - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif permettant l'affaissement et la separation du materiau de moulage et du sable vert du moule en sable vert Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1205270A1
EP1205270A1 EP01901530A EP01901530A EP1205270A1 EP 1205270 A1 EP1205270 A1 EP 1205270A1 EP 01901530 A EP01901530 A EP 01901530A EP 01901530 A EP01901530 A EP 01901530A EP 1205270 A1 EP1205270 A1 EP 1205270A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
greensand
molds
molding
molding material
cast
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP01901530A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1205270A4 (fr
Inventor
Ryoji Sintokogio Ltd. Kanayama
Hisashi Sintokogio Ltd. Harada
Hiroaki Sintokogio Ltd. Tokita
Kazuo Sintokogio Ltd. Sugimoto
Takehiko Sintokogio Ltd. Matsumoto
Hiroyasu Sintokogio Ltd. Makino
Yasunori Sintokogio Ltd. Yoshida
Shigeaki Sintokogio Ltd. Yamamoto
Kuniyasu Sintokogio Ltd. Mori
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Sintokogio Ltd
Original Assignee
Sintokogio Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2000019753A external-priority patent/JP2001205422A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2000019772A external-priority patent/JP2001205424A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2000087847A external-priority patent/JP2001269768A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2000104378A external-priority patent/JP2001287020A/ja
Priority claimed from JP2000114247A external-priority patent/JP2001300718A/ja
Application filed by Sintokogio Ltd filed Critical Sintokogio Ltd
Publication of EP1205270A1 publication Critical patent/EP1205270A1/fr
Publication of EP1205270A4 publication Critical patent/EP1205270A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B22C5/08—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose by sprinkling, cooling, or drying
    • B22C5/085—Cooling or drying the sand together with the castings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22C—FOUNDRY MOULDING
    • B22C5/00—Machines or devices specially designed for dressing or handling the mould material so far as specially adapted for that purpose
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/04—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths into open-ended moulds
    • B22D11/0405—Rotating moulds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D29/00—Removing castings from moulds, not restricted to casting processes covered by a single main group; Removing cores; Handling ingots

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus for readily collapsing greensand molds to separate the molding material and molding greensand, particularly to a method and apparatus for separating and recovering greensand from greensand molds according to the thermal history of the greensand.
  • the conventional circulative processes of collecting molding greensand consist of molding molds, inserting a core in the molds, casting molten metal into the molds with the core, breaking or collapsing the molds after the molding material has solidified, taking out the molding material, and collecting/reusing the molding greensand.
  • greensand molds are collapsed by means of the impact of their falling, vibrations of a rotary drum or mechanical external force, and all the separated molding greensand being sent to a single machine to be processed there.
  • the separated greensand is merely processed such that its portions that have not been affected by heat are taken out separately from those that have been affected by heat so as to be processed separately.
  • hitherto no process has been disclosed at all wherein the portions of the main greensand molds are systematically collapsed, separated, and collected independently of those portions that have been affected by heat.
  • one object of this invention is to provide a method for 'readily and accurately collapsing molding greensand that has not been affected by heat, without any molding material being damaged.
  • Another object of this invention is to keep the amount of molding greensand that would have been taken out or wasted at a minimum by systematically and in a circulative manner processing the molding sand such that that has not been affected by heat is separately collected from that which has been attached to the molding material and affected by heat.
  • a method for collapsing greensand molds to achieve the above-mentioned purposes.
  • the method comprises the steps of airtightly surrounding greensand molds, into which molten metal has been cast, and depressurizing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds so that the portions of the greensand molds which have not been thermally affected by the molten metal are collapsed.
  • a method for collapsing greensand molds comprising the steps of airtightly surrounding greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast, separating the greensand molds from molding material by depressurizing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds so that the greensand molds are collapsed, and taking out the molding material after the airtightly surrounded greensand molds have been released.
  • a method for separating molding material comprising the steps of airtightly surrounding greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast, pressurizing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds to raise the boiling point of the water, separating the greensand molds from the molding material by depressurizing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds so that the greensand mold is collapsed, and taking out the molding material after the airtightly surrounded greensand molds have been released.
  • a method for separating/taking out molding material comprising sending in greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast, one-by-one at a position for collapsing them, airtightly surrounding the greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast, depressurizing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds so as to collapse them by boiling the high-temperature water, and vibrating the collapsed greensand molds and molding material so as to separate the greensand molds from the molding material and so as to take out the separated molding material.
  • an apparatus for taking out molding material comprising means disposed in a position where molds are collapsed, for collapsing/separating molding greensand which is collapsed by means of weak vibrations, the means having a mount 5 for the mold, which is fixed to the means and movable up-and-down, and a vibrator 5A, a plate 2 on which an inclinable tray 3 is mounted, and a sealable box 8, which communicates with a vacuum source 6 via an opening-and-closing valve 7, and which is movable up and down; and means for separating the molding greensand from the molding material by means of strong vibrations, the means having a takeout fork 15 with a generator 15A, the takeout fork being disposed in one side of the collapsing/separating position such that the fork can be moved up and down, and vibrated.
  • a method for collecting molding greensand comprising the steps of airtightly surrounding greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast and which is carried in at a place where the molds are collapsed, depressurizing/collapsing the airtightly surrounded greensand molds so as to separate molding material to which the molding greensand that has been affected by heat is attached, from the molding sand that has not been affected by heat, vibrating the molding material at a place different from the place where the mold is collapsed so as to separate the molding greensand that has been affected by heat from the molding material, and separately collecting the molding greensand that has been affected by heat and that that has not.
  • an apparatus for collecting molding greensand comprising first means, disposed in a first collapsing-and-separating station, for collapsing/separating molding greensand which is collapsed by means of weak vibrations, the means having a mount 5 for the mold, which is fixed to the means and movable up and down, and which has a vibrator 5A, a plate 2 on which an inclinable tray 3 is mounted, a sealable box 8, which is movably disposed up and down above the mount 5, and which communicates with a vacuum source 6 via an opening-and-closing valve 7, and a first collecting shoot 12 for collecting the molding greensand that has not been affected by heat; and second means, disposed in a second collapsing-and-separating station, for separating the molding greensand from the molding material by means of strong vibrations, the means having a takeout fork 15 with a generator 15A and a second shoot 13 for collecting the molding greensand that has been affected by heat.
  • Fig. 1 is a block diagram to show some of the conventional processes for collecting molding greensand.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section to show a schematic of the first embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 3 is a partial-section front view to show the second embodiment of this invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic to explain the operations as shown in one main part of Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic to explain the operations as shown in another main part shown in Fig. 3.
  • Fig. 6 is a partial-section front view to show the third embodiment of this invention.
  • Figs. 7a and 7b are schematics to explain the operations of the main parts of Fig. 6.
  • a so-called condensed-water layer of weak strength is formed around the peripheries of the molding material for main molds. Because of the heat of molding material, the temperature of the condensed-water layer is higher than that in other portions, and lots of water gathers there.
  • This invention is based on the fact that since high-temperature water is boiled due to the decrease in the boiling point of water when greensand molds are airtightly surrounded and rapidly depressurized by means of absorption just after the molds have been cast, the molding material and the molding greensand are readily collapsed and separated at the condensed-water layer, which serves as a boundary.
  • the passage "just after the molds have been cast” means the point of time where the molten metal is solidified, and where the water in the condensed-water layer has been heated by the heated molding material so that the water is able to boil.
  • the degree of depressurization carried out under a sealed condition is such that water is boiled by reducing the boiling point of all the water in the main molds, thereby providing a negative degree of pressure that can readily collapse the above-mentioned condensed-water layer.
  • the airtightly surrounded greensand molds are pressurized, the boiling point of the water rises above 100 °C, and the thus-formed high-temperature water causes a water-condensed layer of weak strength to form.
  • the airtightly surrounded greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast is then rapidly depressurized, the boiling point of the water falls, and the high-temperature water boils so that the greensand molds are readily collapsed.
  • the airtightly surrounded greensand molds are preferably depressurized to a pressure less than, rather than to, the atmospheric pressure.
  • greensand molds into which molten metal has been cast mean molds with no flasks, i.e., wherein the flasks are removed just after the molds have been molded with flasks, or molds without any flasks just after the molds have been molded.
  • a lift cylinder 1 is disposed in the center lower part of Fig. 2, namely, in a first collapsing/separating station wherein the novel collapsing/separating of this invention is carried out.
  • the lift cylinder 1 has a piston rod 1A, on the top part of which a mounting plate 2 is fixed.
  • a mounting plate 2 In an upper portion of the mounting plate 2 an inclinable tray 3 is pivoted on a coupling pin 4.
  • a T-shaped mold-mounting table 5 is fixed on the center part of the tray 3.
  • a plurality of grooves are formed in the upper surface of the mold-mounting table 5 by distancing a number of I-shaped steel plates parallel to the front-and-rear directions, as seen from the front of the drawing.
  • the table 5 is equipped with a vibrator 5B. It generates vibrations accompanied by up-and-down, left-and-right, aslant, and rotary movements, a first shoot or hopper 12 for guiding greensand that falls after it has been collapsed and separated, and a first transport conveyor 12 C.
  • the depressurizing apparatus comprises an inverse-U-shaped sealable or airtight box 8 communicating with a vacuum source 6 via an opening- and-closing valve and a seal 9 disposed around the peripheries of the sealing box 8.
  • the transport station comprises means 16 for removing flasks, a plate 10 for pushing greensand molds out, and a plate 11 for passing or guiding greensand molds.
  • Greensand molds M which have molding flasks F, and into which molten metal has been cast, are placed on a flask-removing plate 14, which is fixed to the top part of a rod of a lift cylinder 13.
  • the greensand molds are then pushed up through the flask-removing means 16 so that the flasks are removed from the greensand molds.
  • the flaskless greensand molds M are pushed out by the mold-push-out plate 10 fixed to a reciprocating cylinder (not shown) onto the mold-mounting table 5 via a mold-passing plate 11.
  • a second separating/collecting station for separating and collecting molding greensands.
  • the second separating/collecting station comprises a fork member 15A, movable up and down, for taking out the greensand molds; a vibrator 15A for generating vibrations accompanied by up-and-down, left-and-right, aslant, and rotary movements; a second shoot or hopper 25 for separating and collecting the molding greensand that is attached to the peripheries of the molding material W, and that has been affected by heat; and a second transport conveyor 25C.
  • the greensand molds M from which flasks have been removed are pushed up to the mold-passing plate 10, the level of which is the same as that of the mold-mounting table 5, and the raised-state greensand molds M are then transported by the mold-pushing plate 10 onto the mold-mounting table 5 via the passing plate 11.
  • the greensand molds M that are transported onto the mold-mounting table 5 are raised by the lifting cylinder until the upper surface of the tray 3 abuts the inverse-U-shaped sealing box 8, and then they are accommodated within an airtight chamber defined by the upper surface of the tray and the sealing box 8.
  • the opening-and-closing valve 7 is opened to have the airtight chamber communicate with the vacuum source 6 so that the airtight chamber is rapidly depressurized.
  • the vibrator 5B is operated to give weak vibrations to the collapsed greensand molds M and molding material W via the mold-mounting table 5, so that the molding greensand that has not been affected by heat is separated from the molding material W.
  • weak vibrations mean vibrations sufficient to separate the molding greensand from the molding material.
  • the vibrations are distinguishable, for example, by the amount of their acceleration or amplitudes.
  • the tray 3 can be rotated pivotally counterclockwise on the coupling pin 4, and the molding greensand on both the tray 3 and mold-molding table 5 can be collected via the sand shoot or hopper 12 in the transport conveyor 12 C.
  • the molding material W can be taken in order one-by-one to be sent to the next process, without the material W being contacted by any other member.
  • the take-out fork 15 is inserted in the grooves or the concave spaces, and it is raised and moved back a little so as to scoop up the molding material W to move it to the other, second, place of separating/collecting.
  • the vibrator 15A is operated to give strong vibrations to the molding material W via the take out fork 15 so that the molding greensand that has been affected by heat is separated from the molding material W, and so that the separated molding greensand is collected in the second conveyor 25 C through the shoot or hopper 25 to be sent to the next process.
  • strong vibrations mean vibrations sufficient to separate the molding greensand H attached to the molding material W that has been collapsed. The vibrations are distinguishable, for example, by the size of the acceleration or amplitudes.
  • both separations may be performed in the same mold-mounting table 5.
  • the molding greensand H attached to the molding material W may be separated through strong vibrations.
  • both the collapsed molding greensand and molding greensand H attached to the molding material W may be simultaneously separated through strong vibrations.
  • the process of separating molding greensand from the molding material W is carried out by vibrating the molding material on the mold-mounting table 5 after the pressure in the sealing chamber has been returned to the atmospheric pressure.
  • the process may also be performed in a state wherein the sealing chamber is being depressurized.
  • only the vibrator 15A that is disposed in the take-out fork member 15 may be used to separate the molding greensand in both the first and second stations.
  • the greensand molds M with no flask, into which molten metal has been cast may be molds into which molten metal is cast after the flasks have been removed or molds from which the flasks are removed after molten metal has been cast thereinto.
  • the mold-pushing plate 10 used to transport the greensand molds M to the place of the collapsing may be replaced with the one similar to the take-out fork 15 used for taking out the molding material W.
  • the core-print portion of a core is preferably collected by a screen disposed in a process, after the second transport conveyor 25 C.
  • Fig. 3 wherein like reference numbers are used for like members.
  • means comprising projection members 22, 24 for making scratches in the surfaces of the greensand molds M, acting to begin the collapsing, are additionally provided.
  • Means 20 for supporting the greensand molds is also provided to replace the mold-mounting table 5 of the first embodiment.
  • the scratching means are additionally disposed above flask-removing means 16.
  • the scratching means comprise numbers of vertical projections 22 and numbers of lateral projections 24.
  • the vertical and lateral projections 22 and 24 are passed through frame bodies 21 and 23 to make vertical and lateral scratches on the surfaces of upper and lower greensand molds, respectively.
  • the box-shaped tray 20 is inclinably pivoted on the coupling pin 4 in the upper portion of the mounting plate 20 to replace the T-shaped mounting table 5 of the first embodiment.
  • a plurality of band-like plates 17, which extend laterally and that are moved up and down by the lift cylinder 1 and a plurality of rod-shaped members 19 are provided.
  • the greensand molds M are pulled out by the cylinder 13 from the upper and lower flasks F through the flask-removing means 16 and the frame body 21 of the scratching means, and the surfaces of the upper and lower greensand molds M are vertically scratched there by the vertical projections 22.
  • the greensand molds M are pushed up toward the box-shaped tray 20 through the inside of the frame body 23 of the scratching means, and the surfaces of the upper and lower greensand molds M are laterally scratched there by the lateral projections 24.
  • the vertically and laterally scratched greensand molds M are supported on the plurality of band-like plates 17 and in the box-shaped tray 20 by being passed through the frame bodies 21 and 23 of the scratching means.
  • the greensand molds M are placed on the tip part of rods 19 after the plurality of band-like plates 17 have been moved down by the cylinder 1.
  • the greensand molds M are then moved up by the lift cylinder for the next collapsing/separating process until the tray 20 abuts the inverse-U-shaped sealing box 8.
  • the pressurizing means 30 comprising an opening-and-closing valve 31, a conduit 32, and a source 33 of compressed air, is communicatively connected to the sealable box 8. As shown in Fig.
  • the airtight chamber defined by the tray and the sealing box 8 is depressurized to a pressure Jess than the atmospheric pressure after it has been pressurized
  • the pressure in the airtight chamber may also be returned to the atmospheric pressure by opening the return valve after it has been pressurized.
  • molding material and greensand can easily be controlled by separately collecting both the molding greensand that has been affected and not affected by molten metal, and by accurately understanding their respective manufacturing histories, so that the invention has various effects in keeping the quality of molding greensand similar to that of burnt away bentonite and in saving additives and the like.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)
  • Mold Materials And Core Materials (AREA)
EP01901530A 2000-01-28 2001-01-24 Procede et dispositif permettant l'affaissement et la separation du materiau de moulage et du sable vert du moule en sable vert Withdrawn EP1205270A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (11)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2000019753A JP2001205422A (ja) 2000-01-28 2000-01-28 生砂主型の崩壊方法およびその装置
JP2000019772A JP2001205424A (ja) 2000-01-28 2000-01-28 生型と鋳物素材の分離方法およびその装置
JP2000019772 2000-01-28
JP2000019753 2000-01-28
JP2000087847 2000-03-28
JP2000087847A JP2001269768A (ja) 2000-03-28 2000-03-28 生砂型と鋳物素材の分離方法およびその装置
JP2000104378A JP2001287020A (ja) 2000-04-06 2000-04-06 注湯済生砂鋳型からの鋳物素材取出し方法及びその装置
JP2000104378 2000-04-06
JP2000114247 2000-04-14
JP2000114247A JP2001300718A (ja) 2000-04-14 2000-04-14 注湯済み生砂鋳型の砂回収方法及びその装置
PCT/JP2001/000444 WO2001054845A1 (fr) 2000-01-28 2001-01-24 Procede et dispositif permettant l'affaissement et la separation du materiau de moulage et du sable vert du moule en sable vert

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1205270A1 true EP1205270A1 (fr) 2002-05-15
EP1205270A4 EP1205270A4 (fr) 2004-11-17

Family

ID=27531392

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01901530A Withdrawn EP1205270A4 (fr) 2000-01-28 2001-01-24 Procede et dispositif permettant l'affaissement et la separation du materiau de moulage et du sable vert du moule en sable vert

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1205270A4 (fr)
KR (1) KR20010113871A (fr)
CN (1) CN1362901A (fr)
BR (1) BR0104248A (fr)
WO (1) WO2001054845A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108580872A (zh) * 2018-05-09 2018-09-28 福州荣益行智能科技有限公司 一种自动化的手术各科的专用或精细手术器械设备
KR102147091B1 (ko) * 2019-01-11 2020-08-24 이정수 진동분리기 및 이를 이용한 주물 분리 시스템
CN110899673A (zh) * 2019-12-20 2020-03-24 六安七茗道机电科技有限公司 铸造砂模中铸模的振动分离机构

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2405113A1 (de) * 1974-02-02 1975-08-07 Klein Alb Kg Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von mit bindemittel versetztem formsand sowie anlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4334574A (en) * 1977-11-09 1982-06-15 Boc Limited Cooling method
JPS59215243A (ja) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-05 Nippon Kokan Keishiyu Kk 鋳物砂の再生方法
US4620586A (en) * 1977-03-23 1986-11-04 General Kinematics Method and apparatus for reclaiming foundry sand
US4620582A (en) * 1983-07-01 1986-11-04 Mueller Spaeth Gerhard Process for producing a casting mould and cast members
US4700766A (en) * 1984-01-11 1987-10-20 Gsr Sandregenerierungsgesellschaft Mbh Process and apparatus for reclaiming foundry scrap sands
JPS63317232A (ja) * 1987-06-19 1988-12-26 Mazda Motor Corp 鋳物砂の処理方法
US5103578A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-04-14 Amoco Corporation Method and apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from soils
US5163496A (en) * 1990-09-05 1992-11-17 Georg Fischer Ag Process for treating old foundry sand for reuse in place of core sand
US5167270A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-12-01 Georg Fischer Ag Method for the treatment of foundry sand and/or core sand

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS53125935A (en) * 1977-04-11 1978-11-02 Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd Removement of casting sand
JP2940338B2 (ja) * 1993-03-15 1999-08-25 日産自動車株式会社 中子砂の砂落し方法

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2405113A1 (de) * 1974-02-02 1975-08-07 Klein Alb Kg Verfahren zur rueckgewinnung von mit bindemittel versetztem formsand sowie anlage zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens
US4620586A (en) * 1977-03-23 1986-11-04 General Kinematics Method and apparatus for reclaiming foundry sand
US4334574A (en) * 1977-11-09 1982-06-15 Boc Limited Cooling method
JPS59215243A (ja) * 1983-05-23 1984-12-05 Nippon Kokan Keishiyu Kk 鋳物砂の再生方法
US4620582A (en) * 1983-07-01 1986-11-04 Mueller Spaeth Gerhard Process for producing a casting mould and cast members
US4700766A (en) * 1984-01-11 1987-10-20 Gsr Sandregenerierungsgesellschaft Mbh Process and apparatus for reclaiming foundry scrap sands
JPS63317232A (ja) * 1987-06-19 1988-12-26 Mazda Motor Corp 鋳物砂の処理方法
US5167270A (en) * 1990-01-31 1992-12-01 Georg Fischer Ag Method for the treatment of foundry sand and/or core sand
US5163496A (en) * 1990-09-05 1992-11-17 Georg Fischer Ag Process for treating old foundry sand for reuse in place of core sand
US5103578A (en) * 1991-03-26 1992-04-14 Amoco Corporation Method and apparatus for removing volatile organic compounds from soils

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0090, no. 87 (M-372), 17 April 1985 (1985-04-17) & JP 59 215243 A (NIHON KOUKAN KEISHIYU KK), 5 December 1984 (1984-12-05) *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 0131, no. 54 (M-814), 14 April 1989 (1989-04-14) -& JP 63 317232 A (MAZDA MOTOR CORP), 26 December 1988 (1988-12-26) *
See also references of WO0154845A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001054845A1 (fr) 2001-08-02
EP1205270A4 (fr) 2004-11-17
KR20010113871A (ko) 2001-12-28
BR0104248A (pt) 2002-01-08
CN1362901A (zh) 2002-08-07

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