EP1187987B1 - Vorrichtung zur sofortigen analyse der einspritzmenge pro einspritzvorgang für eine einspritzanlage von brennkraftmaschinen - Google Patents

Vorrichtung zur sofortigen analyse der einspritzmenge pro einspritzvorgang für eine einspritzanlage von brennkraftmaschinen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1187987B1
EP1187987B1 EP00949547A EP00949547A EP1187987B1 EP 1187987 B1 EP1187987 B1 EP 1187987B1 EP 00949547 A EP00949547 A EP 00949547A EP 00949547 A EP00949547 A EP 00949547A EP 1187987 B1 EP1187987 B1 EP 1187987B1
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Prior art keywords
chamber
measuring
injection
pressure
fuel
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1187987A1 (de
Inventor
François SCHMIDT
Pierre Eynard
Bernard Maurin
Christian Gauthier
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EFS SA
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EFS SA
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M65/00—Testing fuel-injection apparatus, e.g. testing injection timing ; Cleaning of fuel-injection apparatus
    • F02M65/001—Measuring fuel delivery of a fuel injector

Definitions

  • Injection systems typically have one or several injection pumps to put fuel under a pressure that can currently range from 100 to 2500 bar, one or more fuel tanks under pressure, one or more injectors per engine cylinder to feed and a steering system, more and more often electronic, responsible for controlling the value of the masses or volumes of fuel injected according to environmental conditions engine, fuel characteristics and the requirements of the driving the engine.
  • Measuring devices have been designed to enable manufacturers of injection systems and thermal engines, to focus the injectors as well as the settings and compliance checks during manufacture and during installation for the end use.
  • Known measuring devices are used in conjunction with a specific test bed whose role is essentially to ensure the rotation of an injection pump and the fixing of the various elements of the injection system under test. These devices are not usable on a injection heat engine in nominal operation. The measures often do this by using a different fluid than the fuel for the injection which injection system is designed. This fluid is chosen to present hydraulic characteristics close to those of the fuel but with a higher flashpoint temperature to minimize the risks fire and explosion. So, after that, the term fuel will be also used to designate the fluid used to carry out measurements of debit.
  • the measuring apparatus comprises a mechanical section as well than an electronic section.
  • the mechanical section includes a system attachment for receiving one or more injectors, a measuring cell by injector for the elaboration of an electrical image of the quantity of injected fluid and a fluid evacuation system.
  • the electronic section is usually in the form of a box equipped with different means of interface with the operator such a screen and keyboard as well as other external processing systems.
  • the electronics section processes an electrical signal provided by the section mechanical control and pilot various elements of servitude concourrant to the measurement process.
  • the basic technique used for the realization of these devices is based on measuring the displacement of a sliding piston in a folder, the assembly delimiting a deformable measuring volume in which the injected fuel is directed. Any quantity of fuel added in this volume causes a displacement of the piston which can be easily converted into an electrical signal by the use of one of the many sensor types available for this purpose. This is a measure volume.
  • the conversion to mass measurement is done by calculation using the value of the fuel density. To guarantee an accurate calculation, the Fuel temperature is measured in the measurement volume.
  • German patent application DE 4 130 394 describes a device measuring a quantity of fuel, injected by an injector used in a thermal engine, implementing a first chamber for the measurement of pressure and injection temperature, a second chamber for the measurement of the injected fuel volume, and a fast solenoid valve piloted for partially empty the first chamber after an injection up to find the pressure prevailing in it before the injection.
  • This device makes it possible to know both the precise quantity of fuel injected and the flow of fluid as a function of time, provided to obtain, in the first measuring chamber, a final pressure, after the emptying, strictly equal to the nominal initial pressure, which is difficult, less at the desired level of accuracy.
  • the device then provides results imprecise measurement when the emptying of the first chamber is imperfectly achieved.
  • the present invention aims to avoid this disadvantage by providing a precise measuring device capable of taking into account variations relatively important to this parameter.
  • the inventive idea is to provide the electronic section with a electronic device for reciprocal compensation of measurements, compensation allowed by simultaneous processing of the measurements obtained in each room for each individual injection.
  • the device compensation makes it possible to take into account a possible imperfection of the phase of emptying the first chamber of measurement and provide results of accurate measurement even though the final pressure in the first chamber after the emptying is not strictly equal to the initial nominal pressure before injection.
  • an injection is performed. This causes a pressure increase in the first measuring chamber, related to the amount of fluid injected, the characteristics of the fluid, the conditions environment, including temperature, initial pressure and volume from the room.
  • the fluid that has been injected is drained to the second measuring chamber.
  • the pressure in the first chamber of measure is thus reduced to its initial value and this first chamber is ready to receive a second injection.
  • the fluid that arrives in the second measuring chamber actually increases the volume of this chamber by pushing the piston. This displacement is measured and, knowing the diameter of the piston, a part of the electronic section calculates the exact volume of fluid. This measurement allows the electronic section to calibrate, at any time, very exactly, the measurements that are made by the first measurement chamber.
  • the first measuring chamber thus makes it possible to provide with precision of the "shape" of the injection, while the second is used to measure the amount of fuel injected.
  • the treatment performed by the electronic section allows to compensate the defects of each of the measures by the qualities of the other.
  • the mechanical design of the device is more robust than the devices of the existing prior art. It is not necessary in particular to use pressure balancing device in the second chamber of measured. Counter pressure is directly provided by the injection pressure in the first cell playing on his drain. The piston can then be simply recalled by a spring. Constraints in the second chamber the measurement range is significantly lower than in a chamber of the same type of the prior art, this room withstands much better and wears much less quickly.
  • a rapid drain solenoid valve is advantageously provided downstream of the second measuring chamber, as well as a discharger intended to maintain the pressure in the second measuring chamber to a set value.
  • the piston can be prestressed by example by a spring towards the second measuring chamber.
  • the piston moves in a smooth-walled cylinder and has an annular groove open towards the cylinder wall.
  • This groove makes it possible to trap possible leaks of gas or of fluid by preventing these leaks from disturbing the measurement. She permits also to lighten the piston. It also allows to limit the surface of the piston which must be lapped and paired. Finally, it increases the flexibility of the piston, which makes it less difficult to slip it into the cylinder.
  • the displacement sensor of the piston used is for example a inductive sensor, but any other type of sensor can be used here.
  • Such sensor is more accurate, linear and does not add moving mass to the mass of the piston.
  • its cost is higher and its implementation more delicate.
  • the measuring device can advantageously have a cooling system to cool the injector, the first measuring chamber, piston and piston displacement sensor. So, the temperature in the measuring device is standardized and its variations are limited, which makes it possible to increase the precision of the measurements made. It is then advantageous to use in the cooling system the same fluid than the one used to perform the injections.
  • the measuring method also consists of correct the measures for each injection from calibration including pre-recorded.
  • the measuring process may also consist, during the emptying of the second chamber, to carry out this emptying until there is a pressure of setpoint.
  • the single figure shows very schematically the part the mechanics of a fuel quantity measuring device injected by a injector according to the invention.
  • the single figure represents an injector 2 mounted on a support injector 4.
  • This injector 2 has an injection nozzle 6 which is located in a first measuring chamber 8.
  • This measuring chamber is a chamber of constant volume. It is filled with a fluid that presents hydraulic characteristics close to those of a fuel but with a much higher flashpoint temperature than a fuel in order to minimize the risk of fire and explosion.
  • This fluid is also the fluid that is used in the injector 2.
  • a reservoir 10 of this fluid is provided in the device shown in the drawing.
  • the first measurement chamber 8 has several inputs and several outputs. It firstly presents a filling inlet 12, a purge outlet 14, a rapid drain outlet 16, and an outlet 18 to a second measuring chamber 20.
  • a fast filling solenoid valve 26 is mounted between the pump 22 and the filling inlet 12 to control the filling of the first measuring chamber 8.
  • a solenoid valve 28 is also provided at the level of the purge outlet 14.
  • a rapid drain solenoid valve 30 is provided for the emptying of the chamber 8. We can notice here that the rapid drain outlet 16 is advantageously placed at a point bottom of the first measuring chamber 8, while the purge outlet 14 is placed at a high point of this room 8.
  • a drain solenoid valve 32 and a pressure relief valve 34 are arranged between the first measuring chamber 8 and the second chamber 20.
  • the second measurement chamber 20 has a variable volume. It is made in a cylinder 36 in which a piston 38 moves.
  • piston 38 has a bottom 40 and a skirt 42.
  • the bottom 42 is curved and forms a wall closing the measuring chamber 20.
  • a spring 44 bears on the bottom 40, on the side opposite to the measuring chamber 20.
  • the displacement of the measuring piston 38 is provided by a displacement sensor 46, engaged by a contact tip 48 with the face of the bottom 40 opposite to the measuring chamber 20.
  • This sensor of displacement 46 is for example an inductive sensor.
  • the second measurement chamber 20 also comprises a drain channel 50 whose opening and closing are controlled by a drain solenoid valve 52 associated with an overflow valve 54.
  • the fluid drained back into the tank 10.
  • the cylinder wall 36 along which moves the piston 38 is a smooth wall. This cylinder can be or not jacketed.
  • the skirt 42 has on its outer face a throat annular 56. This groove extends over substantially half of the height of the piston 38 and is centered with respect to the height thereof. We realize thus two annular guide surfaces 58.
  • This mechanical device described above is associated with a electronic device not shown here and which receives information from two temperature sensors 60, each chamber being equipped with a temperature sensor 60 fast response as well as a sensor of pressure 62 located at the first measuring chamber 8.
  • a cooling system is also provided in the measuring device.
  • the coolant is the same as the one that is injected at the level of the injector 2. Downstream of the pump 22, there is a heat exchanger 64. The same tank 10 is therefore used for the fluid injected and for the coolant.
  • This coolant is sent to the injector support 4 and then around the first measuring chamber 8, at the displacement sensor 46 and at the piston 38.
  • An annular chamber 66 surrounds the sensor of displacement 46 and comprises a fluid supply channel of cooling and a channel for the return of this fluid to the reservoir 10.
  • a groove 68 is provided in the injector support 4 to allow the circulation around it of the coolant.
  • This throat 36 is supplied with coolant by a pipe and the liquid of cooling, after leaving the throat 36, goes into a room ring 70 located around the first measuring chamber 8 before return to the tank 10.
  • the first measuring chamber is first filled with fluid pumped into the tank 10 using the pump 22 and opening the solenoid valve 26. Once the chamber is filled, it is purged using solenoid valve 28 to ensure that no air bubbles or other gases, is inside of it. To fill the second chamber of measurement, it is possible, during this filling, to open the solenoid valve 32 towards the second measuring chamber 20.
  • the discharge valve 34 makes it possible to maintain this residual setpoint pressure in the first measuring chamber 8.
  • the fluid coming out of the first measuring chamber 8 is sent into the second measuring chamber 20.
  • the volume of this second measuring chamber 20 therefore increases, which causes movement of the piston 38.
  • the displacement sensor 46 measure this displacement of the piston 38, and knowing thanks to the sensor temperature 60 the temperature of the fluid in the chamber 20, it is possible to determine the amount of fluid that has been introduced in the second measuring chamber 20.
  • the main data is the pressure initial in the first chamber of measurement, the final pressure in this chamber, and the pressure difference during the injection, as well as the movement of the piston 38.
  • a treatment method known as "crossed matrices”
  • These results are obtained already before a second injection. Indeed, during of the first injection the fluid is injected into the first chamber of measured. Then the fluid is transferred to the second measuring chamber 20. A second injection can then take place in the first chamber of 8. The results are obtained as soon as the transfer of the first measuring chamber 8, towards the second measuring chamber 20 is completed, just before the second injection.
  • the second measuring chamber is drained thanks to the solenoid valve 52.
  • the second discharger 54 makes it possible to maintain in the second measuring chamber 20 a second set pressure.
  • the relationship between the increase in pressure and the injected volume is not linear. It depends in particular on the characteristics of the fluid, the temperature and the pressure. This pressure varies during injection, and this phenomenon is used for measurement.
  • the calibration is performed by injecting small volumes, but not too small to maintain accuracy on the measurement, 10 mm 3 for example for a measurement scale of 200 mm 3 .
  • Several injections are made successively by starting the injection at different pressures, chosen to cover the entire range of pressures encountered during the nominal operation. Each injection is measured precisely by the second chamber 20. A series of points of correspondence between a starting pressure in the chamber, a small pressure variation due to the injection and the injected volume is obtained at the nominal temperature of the measurements with the actual test fluid, in its current state.
  • the calculation unit periodically stores a table of values for linearizing and correcting in real time the subsequent measurements.
  • the advantage of this procedure is that it does not use any external device.
  • the exploration of the different starting pressures is simply done by adding a few injections without opening the transfer solenoid valve to the second chamber which has the effect of gradually increasing the pressure in the first chamber 8 to the vicinity of each desired value to memorize a linearization curve.
  • This calibration method is indicated by way of example and other methods are possible here.
  • This measuring device makes it possible to obtain precisely the quantity of fluid injected by the injector and also provided with precision the flow curve as a function of time.
  • An electronic compensation device is provided to hold account of a possible imperfection of the emptying phase of the first measuring chamber 8 and provide accurate measurement results even though the final pressure in this room, after emptying, is not strictly equal to the nominal initial pressure.
  • the system is able to hold relatively large variations in this parameter.
  • This compensation function is important because, among other factors, response time to closing and opening the solenoid valve are not absolutely stable or predictable, even if their average value is taken into account by the system in the piloting sequence of this valve.
  • Displacement of the piston measured by the displacement sensor 46 allows, knowing the exact diameter of the piston, to calculate the injected volume. This measure allows the section to calibrate, at any moment, exactly the measures are made by the first cell.
  • the groove 56 made in the piston brings several advantages. It allows first of all to trap possible leaks of gas or fluid avoiding that they do not come disrupt the measurement. It also makes it possible to lighten the piston and therefore to limit the undesirable effects due to its mechanical inertia. It finally allows to reduce the surface of the piston which must be perfectly lapped and paired with the inner surface of the cylinder by limiting this guide surface to two crowns located at the ends of the piston.
  • the piston particularly level of its skirt, has a greater flexibility than pistons used in the devices of the prior art thanks to the thinning of the skirt. All this is achieved without making it more difficult to achieve the piston and by allowing more, to reduce the constraints that hinder the sliding of the piston 38 in the cylinder 36.
  • the processing carried out by the electronic section brings together the information obtained at the two measuring chambers and allows to compensate for the defects of each by the qualities of the other.
  • the results provided to the operator or the external treatment systems of connected data are completely preprocessed by the section and integrate all the compensations.
  • this measuring device is much more robust than in the systems of the prior art.
  • it is no longer necessary to use the balancing device of pressure in the first measuring chamber.
  • This back pressure is provided directly by the injection pressure in this chamber in playing on his drain.
  • the second piston measuring chamber no longer need to be particularly "fast” since it is filled by the solenoid valve for emptying the first measuring chamber, of which control the operation. She no longer needs to work with a back pressure and a simple spring is therefore sufficient to ensure its return.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Non-Biological Materials By The Use Of Chemical Means (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Messung einer Treibstoffmenge, die von einer in einem Verbrennungsmotor verwendeten Einspritzvorrichtung (2) eingespritzt wird, umfassend:
    eine erste Messkammer (8), in die der Treibstoff eingespritzt wird, einen Druck-Messfühler (62) und einen Temperatur-Messfühler (60), die den Druck beziehungsweise die Temperatur messen, die in der ersten Messkammer (8) herrschen,
    nach der ersten Messkammer (8) eine zweite Messkammer (20), die mit der ersten Kammer (8) über eine Entleerungsleitung (18) verbunden ist und deren Volumen je nach der Bewegung eines Kolbens (38) variabel ist, dessen Verschiebung mit Hilfe eines Bewegungs-Messfühlers (46) gemessen wird,
    eine elektronische Sektion, die das System steuert und die die von den Messfühlern (46, 60, 62) empfangenen Informationen analysiert,
    ein Schnell-Magnetventil (32), das von einem Teil der elektronischen Sektion gesteuert wird, und eine Überlaufvorrichtung (34), die zwischen den zwei Messkammern (8, 20) angeordnet sind, um die erste Messkammer (8) nach einer Einspritzung teilweise zu entleeren, bis sich in der ersten Messkammer (8) im wesentlichen der Druck wieder eingestellt hat, der vor dieser Einspritzung in ihr herrschte,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Sektion eine Kompensationseinrichtung besitzt, die es ermöglicht, einen möglichen Druckunterschied in der ersten Messkammer (8) nach zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Entleerungen zu berücksichtigen.
  2. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Magnetventil zur Schnellentleerung (52) zur zweiten Messkammer (20) hin hat.
  3. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie eine Überlaufvorrichtung (54) umfasst, die die Aufgabe hat, den Druck in der zweiten Messkammer (20) auf einem Sollwert zu halten.
  4. Messvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (38) durch eine Feder (44) zur zweiten Messkammer (20) hin vorgespannt ist.
  5. Messvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (38) sich in einem Zylinder (36) mit glatter Wand verschiebt, und dadurch, dass er eine ringförmige Vertiefung (56) hat, die zur Wand des Zylinders (36) hin offen ist.
  6. Messvorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein Kühlsystem hat, um die Einspritzvorrichtung (2), die erste Messkammer (8), den Kolben (38) und den Bewegungs-Messfühler (46) des Kolbens zu kühlen.
  7. Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die im Kühlsytem verwendete Flüssigkeit die gleiche ist wie diejenige, die zur Durchführung der Einspritzungen verwendet wird.
  8. Verfahren zur Messung der Charakteristiken einer Einspritzung von Treibstoff, die von einer Einspritzvorrichtung (2) ausgeführt wird, des Typs, der darin besteht, eine erste Kammer (8) für die Messung der Drucks und der Einspritztemperatur und eine zweite Kammer (20) mit variablem Volumen für die Messung des Volumens des eingespritzten Treibstoffs zu verwenden, und bei jedem Einspritzvorgang:
    den Druck und die Temperatur in der ersten Kammer (8) vor der Einspritzung zu messen,
    Treibstoff in die erste Kammer (8) mittels der Einspritzvorrichtung (2) einzuspritzen,
    während des Einspritzvorgangs, mindestens regelmäßig, den Druck und die Temperatur in der ersten Kammer (8) zu messen,
    am Ende des Einspritzvorgangs einen Teil des in der ersten Kammer (8) enthaltenen Treibstoffs in die zweite Kammer (20) zu entleeren, bis in der ersten Kammer (8) im wesentlichen der vor der Einspritzung vorhandene Druck wiederhergestellt ist,
    das Volumen des entleerten Treibstoffs zu messen und daraus das Volumen der Einspritzung abzuleiten,
    den in der zweiten Kammer (20) enthaltenen Treibstoff zu entleeren,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Kompensation vorgenommen wird, die es ermöglicht, einen eventuellen Druckunterschied in der ersten Messkammer (8) nach zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Entleerungen zu berücksichtigen.
  9. Messverfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, die Messwerte jeder Einspritzung zu korrigieren, und zwar aufgrund vor allem der vorher gespeicherten Kalibrierungsdaten.
  10. Messverfahren nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es darin besteht, bei der Entleerung der zweiten Kammer (20) diese Entleerung solange durchzuführen, bis dort ein Druck-Sollwert erreicht ist.
EP00949547A 1999-06-18 2000-06-15 Vorrichtung zur sofortigen analyse der einspritzmenge pro einspritzvorgang für eine einspritzanlage von brennkraftmaschinen Expired - Lifetime EP1187987B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9907982 1999-06-18
FR9907982A FR2795139B1 (fr) 1999-06-18 1999-06-18 Dispositif permettant d'analyser instantanement le debit d'injection coup par coup fourni par un systeme d'injection utilise dans un moteur thermique
PCT/FR2000/001660 WO2000079125A1 (fr) 1999-06-18 2000-06-15 Dispositif permettant d'analyser instantanement le debit d'injection coup par coup fourni par un systeme d'injection utilise dans un moteur thermique

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1187987A1 EP1187987A1 (de) 2002-03-20
EP1187987B1 true EP1187987B1 (de) 2005-03-23

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Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6755076B1 (de)
EP (1) EP1187987B1 (de)
JP (1) JP2003502578A (de)
AT (1) ATE291694T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60018928T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2237440T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2795139B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2000079125A1 (de)

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DE102010031486A1 (de) * 2010-07-16 2012-01-19 Robert Bosch Gmbh Prüfstand für Fluidpumpen und Fluidinjektoren
EP2455604B1 (de) * 2010-11-22 2015-07-22 Continental Automotive GmbH Messvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Bestimmung einer Leckage eines Einspritzventils
JP5429266B2 (ja) * 2011-11-25 2014-02-26 株式会社デンソー 流体ポンプの検査装置および検査方法
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ITUB20154960A1 (it) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-06 Giacomo Buitoni Metodo e dispositivo per la misura dell?andamento temporale della portata (injection rate) di un qualsivoglia dispositivo comandato per il controllo di un efflusso di fluido
DE102015225736A1 (de) 2015-12-17 2017-06-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bestimmung der Einspritzrate eines Einspritzventils
CN109386420B (zh) * 2018-10-15 2021-02-02 哈尔滨工程大学 多次喷射燃油喷射规律测量方法

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ATE291694T1 (de) 2005-04-15
WO2000079125A1 (fr) 2000-12-28
JP2003502578A (ja) 2003-01-21
FR2795139B1 (fr) 2001-07-20
US6755076B1 (en) 2004-06-29
ES2237440T3 (es) 2005-08-01
EP1187987A1 (de) 2002-03-20
DE60018928D1 (de) 2005-04-28
DE60018928T2 (de) 2006-04-27
FR2795139A1 (fr) 2000-12-22

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