EP1144724B1 - Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung - Google Patents
Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1144724B1 EP1144724B1 EP99964672A EP99964672A EP1144724B1 EP 1144724 B1 EP1144724 B1 EP 1144724B1 EP 99964672 A EP99964672 A EP 99964672A EP 99964672 A EP99964672 A EP 99964672A EP 1144724 B1 EP1144724 B1 EP 1144724B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- metal
- polymer
- phosphorus
- layer
- polymer dispersion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000004815 dispersion polymer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical group [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005234 chemical deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001096 P alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 7
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 7
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008151 electrolyte solution Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920002959 polymer blend Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 25
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 7
- OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphanylidynenickel Chemical compound [P].[Ni] OFNHPGDEEMZPFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000237536 Mytilus edulis Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000080590 Niso Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920001774 Perfluoroether Polymers 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[P] Chemical compound [Cu].[P] RIRXDDRGHVUXNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940021013 electrolyte solution Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000020638 mussel Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- OYPIGFUBEOGSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(1,2,2-trifluoroethenoxy)propane Chemical compound CCCOC(F)=C(F)F OYPIGFUBEOGSBR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000194020 Streptococcus thermophilus Species 0.000 description 1
- QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl ether Chemical compound C=COC=C QYKIQEUNHZKYBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000003373 anti-fouling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium carbonate Substances [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium sulfate Inorganic materials [Ca+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OSGAYBCDTDRGGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004070 electrodeposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002313 fluoropolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005468 ion implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000620 organic polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M phosphinate Chemical compound [O-][PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012266 salt solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005621 tetraalkylammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrafluoroethene Chemical group FC(F)=C(F)F BFKJFAAPBSQJPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
- F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
- F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1603—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas
- C23C18/1614—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side
- C23C18/1616—Process or apparatus coating on selected surface areas plating on one side interior or inner surface
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
- C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
- C23C18/1655—Process features
- C23C18/1662—Use of incorporated material in the solution or dispersion, e.g. particles, whiskers, wires
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/32—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron
- C23C18/34—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents
- C23C18/36—Coating with nickel, cobalt or mixtures thereof with phosphorus or boron using reducing agents using hypophosphites
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
- C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
- C23C18/31—Coating with metals
- C23C18/38—Coating with copper
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
- F28F2245/00—Coatings; Surface treatments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
- Y10T428/12556—Organic component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12861—Group VIII or IB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12944—Ni-base component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing Heat exchangers, the electroless chemical deposition of a metal-polymer dispersion layer includes.
- the invention further relates to heat exchanger according to the invention.
- the invention further relates to the Use of a metal-polymer dispersion layer as a permanent incrustation inhibitor.
- the deposits whose formation is to be prevented are inorganic salts such as calcium and barium sulfate, calcium and Magnesium carbonate, inorganic phosphates, silicas and silicates, Corrosion products, particulate deposits, for example alluvial sand (River and sea water), as well as organic deposits such as bacteria, algae, Proteins, mussels or mussel larvae, polymers, oils and resins as well as the biomineralized composites consisting of the aforementioned substances.
- inorganic salts such as calcium and barium sulfate, calcium and Magnesium carbonate, inorganic phosphates, silicas and silicates, Corrosion products, particulate deposits, for example alluvial sand (River and sea water), as well as organic deposits such as bacteria, algae, Proteins, mussels or mussel larvae, polymers, oils and resins as well as the biomineralized composites consisting of the aforementioned substances.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a Specify heat exchanger, on the one hand, the inclination of the reduces heat transfer surfaces, solids to form Deposits and on the other hand with high durability (e.g. against heat, corrosion and undermining) to a negligible Thermal resistance leads.
- the process should treated surfaces have a satisfactory durability.
- the procedure is supposed to be cost-effective to use even on hard-to-reach areas.
- a heat exchanger is a device which has surfaces designed for heat exchange (heat transfer surfaces). Heat exchangers which exchange heat with fluids, in particular with liquids, are preferred. Heating elements and heat exchangers, in particular plate heat exchangers and spiral heat exchangers, are preferred versions of heat exchangers.
- a halogenated polymer is a fluorinated or a chlorinated polymer; fluorinated polymers, in particular perfluorinated, are preferred. Examples of perfluorinated polymers are polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and perfluoroalkoxy polymers (PFA, according to DIN 7728, Part 1, January 1988).
- This object of the invention is a method for Electroless chemical deposition of metal-polymer dispersion phases which is known per se (W. Riedel: Functional nickel plating, publisher Eugen Leize, Saulgau, 1989 pages 231 to 236, ISBN 3-750480-044-x).
- a Metal-polymer dispersion phase comprises a polymer, in the context of the invention a halogenated polymer dispersed in a metal alloy.
- the Metal alloy is preferably a metal-phosphor alloy.
- the surfaces treated according to the invention allow good heat transfer, although the coatings have a can have a not inconsiderable thickness of 1 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the Surfaces treated according to the invention also have a satisfactory Shelf life, which also appear useful from 1 to 100 ⁇ m leaves; 3 to 20 ⁇ m, in particular 5 to 16 ⁇ m, are preferred.
- the polymer content the dispersion coating is 5 to 30% by volume, preferably 15 to 25% by volume, especially 19 to 21 vol.%.
- coatings are relatively inexpensive and can also be opened Apply hard-to-reach areas. These areas can be any heat transfer surfaces such as inner pipe surfaces, surfaces of electrical heating elements and surfaces of plate heat exchangers etc. act for the heating or cooling of fluids in industrial plants, in Private households, in food processing or in plants for Electricity production or water treatment can be used.
- Heat transfer means the heat transfer from the inside of the Heat exchanger to a possibly existing, facing the fluid Coating, the heat conduction within the coating layer and the Heat transfer from the coating layer to a fluid (e.g. a saline solution).
- a fluid e.g. a saline solution
- the metal-phosphorus alloy of the metal-polymer dispersion layer around copper phosphorus or nickel phosphorus is preferred Nickel-phosphorus.
- the nickel polymer dispersion layer is a dispersion layer Nickel-phosphorus polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Suitable polymers such as perfluoro-alkoxy polymers (PFA, copolymers of Tetrafluoroethylene and perfluoroalkoxy vinyl ether e.g. Perfluorovinyl propyl ether). Should the heat exchanger be operated at a comparatively low temperature then the use of chlorinated polymers is also conceivable.
- the Metal-polymer dispersion layer with a spherical polymer particle average diameter (number average) from 0.1 ⁇ m to 1.0 ⁇ m, especially from 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.3 ⁇ m.
- the coating is done by immersing the workpiece in a metal electrolyte solution that has been mixed with a stabilized polymer dispersion beforehand.
- the tempering period is generally 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferably 35 to 45 minutes.
- Ni II , hypophosphite, carboxylic acids and fluoride and optionally deposition moderators such as Pb 2+ can be used as metal solutions.
- metal solutions are sold, for example, by Riedel, Galvano- und Filtertechnik GmbH, Halle, Westphalia and Atotech GmbH, Berlin.
- PTFE dispersions polytetrafluoroethylene dispersions
- PTFE dispersions with a solids content of 35 to 60% by weight and an average particle diameter (number average) of 0.1 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m, in particular of 0.1 ⁇ m to 0.3 ⁇ m, are preferred, the particles of which have a spherical morphology and which have a neutral detergent (for example polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or possibly mixtures of the substances mentioned, 80 to 120 g of neutral detergent per liter) and an ionic detergent (for example alkyl and haloalkyl sulfonates, alkylbenzenesulfonates, alkylphenol ether sulfates, tetraalkylammonium salts or optionally Mixtures of the substances mentioned, 15 to 60 g of ionic detergent per liter).
- a neutral detergent for example polyglycols, alkylphenol ethoxylate or possibly mixtures of the substances mentioned, 80 to 120 g of neutral detergent per liter
- Dip baths with a pH of around 5 and about 27 g / l NiSO 4 x 6 H 2 O and about 21 g / l NaH 2 PO 2 x H 2 O with a PTFE content of 1 to 25 g are typical / l included.
- the polymer content of the dispersion coating is mainly influenced by the amount of polymer dispersion added and the choice of detergents.
- Another object of the invention is a method for producing a heat exchanger, which has a particularly adhesive, durable and heat-resistant coating and therefore solves the problem of the invention in a special way.
- This method is based on a method for producing a heat exchanger, characterized by the electroless chemical deposition of a metal-polymer dispersion coating, in which the polymer is halogenated, on a heat transfer surface.
- This method is additionally characterized in that a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer is applied by electroless chemical deposition before the metal-polymer dispersion layer is applied
- Electroless chemical application of a 1 to 15 ⁇ m thick metal-phosphor layer to improve adhesion takes place through the already described metal electrolyte baths, but in this case no stabilized polymer dispersion is added.
- On tempering at this time preferably dispensed with, since this adversely affects the adhesion of the subsequent metal-polymer dispersion layer generally adversely affected.
- To Deposition of the metal-phosphor layer will place the workpiece in the top brought immersion bath, which in addition to the metal electrolyte also a stabilized polymer dispersion. This forms the metal-polymer dispersion layer.
- an annealing at 200 to 400 °, in particular at 315 to 325 ° C performed.
- the tempering period is generally 5 minutes to 3 hours, preferably 35 to 45 minutes.
- the Metal-phosphor layer on a thickness of 1 to 5 microns.
- it is the metal-phosphor alloy of the metal-polymer dispersion layer and the metal-phosphor layer around nickel-phosphorus or copper-phosphorus.
- the metal-polymer dispersion layer is a dispersion layer Nickel-phosphorus polytetrafluoroethylene.
- Another object of the invention is one by an inventive Method of producing heat exchangers. Production is preferably carried out of the heat exchanger according to the invention by using a inventive method.
- the aforementioned is according to the invention Heat exchangers for transferring heat to fluids, in particular to Liquids, designed. All heating elements come into question here Transfer heat to fluids. Furthermore, heat exchangers, in particular Plate heat exchangers and spiral heat exchangers, preferred examples of such Heat exchangers.
- Another object of the invention is the use of a coating, produced by electroless chemical deposition of a metal-polymer dispersion layer, where the polymer is halogenated to reduce the Inclination of the coated surfaces, solids from fluids to form To deposit deposits.
- the fluids are preferably Liquids.
- Fig. 1 shows the decrease in the heat transfer coefficient ( ⁇ [W / m 2 K]) due to CaSO 4 deposits as a function of time (t [min], abscissa) for different heat exchangers, which differ in the nature of their surfaces.
- Reference number 1 refers to the measured values of the coating according to the invention of example (* 7).
- Reference number 2 denotes the measured values for an electropolished steel surface.
- the area-related output is 200 kW / m 2
- the concentration of the CaSO 4 solution is 1.6 g / l and has a temperature that corresponds to the boiling point.
- Fig. 2 shows the measured decrease in the heat transfer coefficient ( ⁇ [W / m 2 K]) due to CaSO 4 deposits as a function of time (t [min], abscissa) for different heat exchangers, which differ in the nature of their surfaces.
- Reference number 1 is the coating according to the invention of example (* 7).
- the reference number 3 indicates an untreated steel surface.
- the power based on the area of the heat exchanger is 100 kW / m 2 .
- a CaSO 4 solution with a concentration of 2.5 g / l flows past the heat exchanger at a speed of 80 cm / s and a temperature of 80 ° C.
- Table 1 contains a comparison of the measured values of surface roughness, surface energy and wetting angle of the examined heating surfaces, as well as the relative decrease in the measured heat transfer coefficients within the first 100 hours of the test. It can be seen that the heat exchangers according to the invention provide a very low surface energy, a very large contact angle and very good heat transfer behavior.
- Table 2 compares surface energy, contact angle and bacteria deposited per area (Streptococcus Thermophilus) of the heat exchangers according to the invention with the heat exchangers of the prior art.
- Surface energy [mJ / m 2 ]
- Contact angle [°]
- Log10 cells / cm 2 * 9 untreated (steel) 84 65 5.7
- Electropolished steel 86 62 5.5 Steel implanted with Si ions 39 80 4.9 F-ion implanted steel 37 82 5.5 Steel DLC sputtered 36 85 5.0 Steel CrC sputtered 34 87 4.1 Steel / Ni-PTFE 25 100 3.9
- Concentration [g / l] pH NiSO 4 x6H 2 O 27 4.8 NaH 2 PO 2 xH 2 O 21 CH 3 CHOHCOOH 20 C 2 H 5 COOH 3 Na citrate; 5 NaF 1 PTFE (50%) 2-50
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- Chemically Coating (AREA)
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- Paints Or Removers (AREA)
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Description
Mechanische Lösungen haben den Nachteil, daß sie auf relativ große Wärmetauscher beschränkt sind und zudem erhebliche Mehrkosten verursachen. Chemische Additive können zu einer unerwünschten Kontamination des Produktes führen und belasten zum Teil die Umwelt.
Aus diesen Gründen wird in letzter Zeit nach Möglichkeiten gesucht, die Fouling-Neigung durch Modifizierung der Wärmeübertragungsflächen zu reduzieren. Oberflächenbeschichtungen mit organischen Polymeren wie Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) reduzieren zwar die Neigung, Ablagerung zu bilden, jedoch führen die bekannten Beschichtungen selbst zu einem bemerkenswerten zusätzlichen Wärmedurchgangswiderstand. Zugleich ist aus Gründen der Haltbarkeit der Schichtdicke eine untere Grenze gesetzt. Ähnliche Probleme werden auch bei Verfahren beobachtet, die die Aufbringung von Monolayer-Silanschichten auf die zu schützende Oberfläche umfassen (Polym. Mater. Sci. and Engineering, Proceedings of the ACS Division of Polymeric Materials Science and Engineering (1990), Band 62, Seiten 259 bis 263).
Ein Wärmeüberträger ist im Rahmen der Erfindung eine Vorrichtung, die für den Wärmeaustausch ausgestaltete Flächen (Wärmeübertragungsoberflächen) aufweist. Bevorzugt sind Wärmeüberträger, die Wärme mit Fluiden, insbesondere mit Flüssigkeiten, austauschen.
Heizelemente und Wärmetauscher, insbesondere Plattenwärmetauscher und Spiralwärmetauscher, sind bevorzugte Ausführungen von Wärmeüberträgern.
Ein halogeniertes Polymer ist ein fluoriertes oder ein chloriertes Polymer; bevorzugt sind fluorierte Polymere, insbesondere perfluorierte. Beispiele für perfluorierte Polymere sind Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE) und Perfluor-Alkoxy-Polymere (PFA, nach DIN 7728, Tl. 1, Jan. 1988).
Der Polymeranteil der Dispersionsbeschichtung wird hauptsächlich durch die Menge der zugesetzten Polymerdispersion und die Wahl der Detergentien beeinflußt.
Dieses Verfahren geht aus von einem Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeüberträgers, gekennzeichnet durch das stromlose chemische Abscheiden einer Metall-Polymer-Dispersions-Beschichtung, bei der das Polymer halogeniert ist, auf eine Wärmeübertragungsoberfläche.
Dieses Verfahren ist zusätzlich dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Aufbringen der Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht eine 1 bis 15 µm dicke Metall-Phosphor-Schicht durch stromloses chemisches Abscheiden aufgebracht wird
- Fig. 1
- die zeitliche Veränderung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten durch die Grenzschicht unter Einbeziehung einer ggf. vorhandenen Beschichtungsschicht bei Kontakt von verschiedenen Wärmetauscherflächen mit einer siedenden Salzlösung.
- Fig. 2
- die zeitliche Veränderung des Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten durch die Grenzschicht unter Einbeziehung einer ggf. vorhandenen Beschichtungsschicht bei Kontakt von verschiedenen Wärmetauscherflächen mit einer vorbeiströmenden warmen Salzlösung.
| Oberflächenenergie [mJ/m2] * | Randwinkel [°] ** | Rauhigkeit, µm **** | α100/α0 *** | |
| unbehandelt (Stahl) | 84 | 65 | 0,14 | 0,4 |
| Stahl elektropoliert | 86 | 62 | 0,08 | 0,65 |
| Stahl Si-Ionenimplantiert *5 | 39 | 80 | 0,14 | 0,75 |
| Stahl F-Ionenimplantiert *5 | 37 | 82 | 0,14 | 0,9 |
| Stahl DLC―gesputtert *6 | 36 | 85 | 0,13 | 0,85 |
| Stahl TiNF―gesputtert *6 | 34 | 87 | 0,14 | 0,9 |
| Stahl / Ni-PTFE *7 | 25 | 100 | 0,1 | 0,9 |
| Oberflächenenergie [mJ/m2] | Randwinkel [°] | Log10 Zellen/cm2 *9 | |
| unbehandelt (Stahl) | 84 | 65 | 5,7 |
| Stahl elektropoliert | 86 | 62 | 5,5 |
| Stahl Si-Ionenimplantiert | 39 | 80 | 4,9 |
| Stahl F-Ionen-implantiert | 37 | 82 | 5,5 |
| Stahl DLC -gesputtert | 36 | 85 | 5,0 |
| Stahl CrC-gesputtert | 34 | 87 | 4,1 |
| Stahl / Ni-PTFE | 25 | 100 | 3,9 |
| Konzentration [g/l] | pH | |
| NiSO4x6H2O | 27 | 4,8 |
| NaH2PO2xH2O | 21 | |
| CH3CHOHCOOH | 20 | |
| C2H5COOH | 3 | |
| NaCitrat; | 5 | |
| NaF | 1 | |
| PTFE (50%) | 2-50 |
Claims (7)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Wärmeüberträgers zum Austausch von Wärme mit Fluiden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dassa) eine 1 bis 5 µm dicke Metall-Phosphor-Schicht durch stromlos chemisches Abscheiden auf eine Wärmeübertragungsoberfläche aufgebracht wird undb) anschließend durch chemisch stromloses Abscheiden eine Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht, bei der das Polymer halogeniert ist, auf die unter a) erzeugte Metall-Phosphor-Schicht aufgebracht wird, wobei der Polymeranteil in der Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht 5 bis 30 Vol. % beträgt
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der Metall-Phosphor-Legierung der Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht und der Metall-Phosphor-Schicht um Nickel-Phosphor oder Kupfer-Phosphor, bevorzugt um Nickel-Phosphor, handelt
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei der Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht um eine Dispersionsschicht aus Nickel-Phosphor-Polytetrafluorethylen handelt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Polymeranteil in der Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht 15 bis 25 Vol. %, insbesondere 19 bis 21 Vol. % beträgt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Metall-Polymer-Dispersionsschicht sphärische. Polymerpartikel mit einem mittleren Durchmesser von 0,1 µm bis 0,3 µm aufweist.
- Wärmeüberträger, hergestellt nach dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5.
- Verwendung einer Beschichtung, hergestellt gemäß dem Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, zur Verringerung der Neigung der beschichteten Flächen, Feststoffe aus Fluiden unter Bildung von Ablagerungen anzulagern.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19860526 | 1998-12-30 | ||
| DE19860526A DE19860526A1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1998-12-30 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter Neigung, Ablagerungen zu bilden und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung |
| PCT/EP1999/010368 WO2000040773A2 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1144724A2 EP1144724A2 (de) | 2001-10-17 |
| EP1144724B1 true EP1144724B1 (de) | 2002-11-06 |
Family
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99967007A Expired - Lifetime EP1144723B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
| EP99965554A Expired - Lifetime EP1144725B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
| EP99964672A Expired - Lifetime EP1144724B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Wärmeüberträger mit verringerter neigung, ablagerungen zu bilden und verfahren zu deren herstellung |
Family Applications Before (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP99967007A Expired - Lifetime EP1144723B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von apparaten und apparateteilen für den chemischen anlagenbau |
| EP99965554A Expired - Lifetime EP1144725B1 (de) | 1998-12-30 | 1999-12-24 | Verfahren zur beschichtung von reaktoren für die hochdruckpolymerisation von 1-olefinen |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (3) | US6617047B1 (de) |
| EP (3) | EP1144723B1 (de) |
| JP (3) | JP2002534606A (de) |
| KR (3) | KR20010103724A (de) |
| CN (3) | CN1636305A (de) |
| AT (3) | ATE245210T1 (de) |
| CA (2) | CA2358097A1 (de) |
| DE (4) | DE19860526A1 (de) |
| ES (2) | ES2197710T3 (de) |
| WO (3) | WO2000040773A2 (de) |
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| DE102022108533A1 (de) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | CSB Chemische Spezialbeschichtungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer chemisch NiP-Elektrolytdispersion mit einzulagernden Feststoffpartikeln |
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-
1998
- 1998-12-30 DE DE19860526A patent/DE19860526A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008321A patent/KR20010103724A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008309A patent/KR20010100009A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99965554T patent/ATE245210T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010368 patent/WO2000040773A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59906313T patent/DE59906313D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592467A patent/JP2002534606A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592466A patent/JP2003511551A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99967007T patent/ES2197710T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 ES ES99965554T patent/ES2204184T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,139 patent/US6617047B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 KR KR1020017008317A patent/KR20010100013A/ko not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99964672T patent/ATE227360T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99967007A patent/EP1144723B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CN CNA998163821A patent/CN1636305A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 JP JP2000592465A patent/JP2002534605A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59905005T patent/DE59905005D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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- 1999-12-24 CN CN99815259A patent/CN1332810A/zh active Pending
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,147 patent/US6509103B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 AT AT99967007T patent/ATE237006T1/de active
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010371 patent/WO2000040774A2/de not_active Ceased
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358097A patent/CA2358097A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 US US09/869,275 patent/US6513581B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99965554A patent/EP1144725B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 EP EP99964672A patent/EP1144724B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 CA CA002358099A patent/CA2358099A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-12-24 DE DE59903362T patent/DE59903362D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-24 WO PCT/EP1999/010372 patent/WO2000040775A2/de not_active Ceased
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022108533A1 (de) | 2022-04-08 | 2023-10-12 | CSB Chemische Spezialbeschichtungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer chemisch NiP-Elektrolytdispersion mit einzulagernden Feststoffpartikeln |
| DE102022108533B4 (de) | 2022-04-08 | 2024-06-20 | CSB Chemische Spezialbeschichtungen GmbH | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer chemisch NiP-Elektrolytdispersion mit einzulagernden Feststoffpartikeln |
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