Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
  • B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
  • B28D1/00—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor
  • B28D1/18—Working stone or stone-like materials, e.g. brick, concrete or glass, not provided for elsewhere; Machines, devices, tools therefor by milling, e.g. channelling by means of milling tools

Definitions

• Milling device for processing concrete surfaces and milling processes therefor
• the invention relates to a milling device for machining concrete surfaces and milling methods for machining concrete walls.
• Such milling devices are used in particular for the disposal and decontamination of concrete walls. Frequently, manually guided milling devices are still used, with the operator being in the immediate vicinity of the milling point, so that there is a high dust load and thus a great health hazard, which can hardly be alleviated by the use of dust filters for the personnel. This applies in particular to the recycling or demolition of concrete walls that have been exposed to increased chemical or radioactive pollution, such as concrete walls containing asbestos or concrete walls at a nuclear power plant.
• the radiation exposure of personnel is particularly high when renovating or demolishing nuclear power plants.
• the uppermost concrete layer of the concrete walls, concrete floors and concrete ceilings is removed in a first step, whereby contamination can be assumed to a depth of 8 to 15 mm and therefore removal of the top 2 cm is sufficient.
• the milling of such a contaminated concrete part is monitored by the authorities to ensure that the contaminated outer layer is completely milled off.
• the remaining "core" of the concrete part can then be re-coated or released for conventional disposal or demolition, while only the concrete dust and the milled material from the contaminated outer layer have to be sent to final storage.
• the generic DE 92 11 084 Ul describes a device for surface processing of perpendicular and inclined surfaces with a rotating, roller-shaped tool holder with cutting elements for removing layers of building material, such as plaster, coloring and similar layers, the tool being free in all three axes is mobile.
• the milling head has a sheathing in its upper area, with the removed small and the resulting dust being removed or suctioned off.
• this device cannot be used to completely mill a wall down to and including the corner areas, since the milling drum is mounted on its two end faces.
• a milling device which is designed in particular for processing contaminated concrete parts of a nuclear power plant.
• the milling device has a slide-guided milling head which is guided in a portal frame.
• the portal scaffold completely encloses a concrete part to be machined and is also connected to a suction device, the suction nozzle of which is arranged in the immediate vicinity of the milling head. Milling of walls is not possible with this stationary device or cabin.
• EP 0 441 006 also describes a milling head which is designed as a milling drum with a large number of diamond segments.
• DE-PS 37 23 617 relates to a method for producing an imitated Solnhofer marble structure, which has a large number of "dancing" chisel edges in the limestone is incorporated.
• a protective bell is provided on the processing tool, on which two suction nozzles and associated suction hoses are provided. This protective bell is only provided in the direct working area, so that any dust escaping from the protective bell cannot be extracted.
• a plaster removal device in which a scratching shaft provided with scratching wedges is used. The small one falls into the lower part of a cover, which is sealed at the bottom with rubber. However, the seal is not circumferential, so that in particular dust can escape.
• DE 33 29 465 describes a device for processing surfaces, in which a tool is accommodated in a housing with a rotating brush. Due to the design, however, an upward seal is only guaranteed when a flat wall is cut for the first time.
• DD 287 176 a device for hanging and guiding rotating tools is known, which is arranged at the end of a boom of a mobile carrier device so that there is essentially free storage of the rotating tool in all three directions of rotation. Disadvantageously, the positioning has to be done manually, which places an unnecessary burden on the personnel.
• the invention has for its object to provide a milling device for the most complete and uniform milling of walls, in particular interior walls, and methods for it, so that on the one hand a simple and inexpensive way to reduce the dust pollution of the staff is possible and so that the angular Edge areas of two adjacent walls can be milled.
• the design of the guided, movable milling device with at least one lateral milling device enables complete milling of a wall to be machined right up to adjacent walls.
• the resulting dust which is dangerous for the operating personnel, is kept inside the cladding and directly extracted.
• the milling processes enable walls to be milled all the way into their edge areas, the second milling process offering the particular advantage of having to process each of the usually six walls of a room only in a single milling direction in order to include all the edge strips.
• Advantageous refinements are the subject of dependent claims.
• the design of the milling device with a movable frame enables the quick and safe milling of floors.
• the use of a vehicle with an adjustable boom on which a milling device is arranged offers the particular advantage of being able to quickly position the milling device on the walls and ceilings in the correct position. It is also advantageous that no dowel holes have to be introduced into a wall to be machined in order to attach a rail to this wall. This also reduces the administrative and auditing effort, since e.g. B. each drilling hole in nuclear power plants must be registered and verified.
• a rail-guided milling device enables particularly precise and rapid machining of walls, the rail being fixable directly in front of a wall in narrow spaces or, if the space is accessible, at the end of the arm of a vehicle.
• Monitoring and signaling devices enable safe positioning of the milling device as well as monitoring of the milling work both from an operating station on the milling device and from a distance. If the transferred values are fed into a computerized unit, the positioning and milling work can also be carried out partially or fully automatically.
• FIG. 1 shows a milling device with a frame that can move freely on a floor
• Figure 2 shows schematically in partial section a milling device with a rail guide which is fixed to a wall.
• 3A, B schematically show the transmission structure for this from the side or from below;
• Fig. 4 is a milling device with a rail guide, the
• a milling device 1 is mounted on the front on a self-propelled frame 2.
• the frame 2 and the milling device can be guided and controlled via a handle linkage 3 guided to the rear and upwards and various control devices 4.
• a motor 5 is fastened to the rear part of the frame 2, which drives the milling device 1 and moves the frame 2 serves a base 6, which here represents a first wall.
• the milling device 1 consists essentially of a central milling drum 10, which is mounted transversely to the travel or milling direction in the front region of the frame 1.
• the central milling drum 10 is constructed from two end bearing disks 11, which are seated on a drive shaft 12, and elongated running plates 13, which lead from the outer circumference of one bearing disk 11 to the outer circumference of the other and are fastened thereto. At least one of these running plates 13 is designed as a milling plate, not shown here.
• the drive shaft 12 leads out of both end faces of the central milling drum 10, whereby it leads through bearings via which the drive shaft 12 is mounted on a conventional lowering mechanism of the frame 2.
• the lowering mechanism allows the milling depth to be preset in the surface 6 that has been driven over.
• the drive shaft 12 protruding from an end face of the central milling drum 10 also leads through a drive pulley 14 which can be driven by means of a drive belt 15.
• the drive belt 15 is tensioned around the drive pulley 14 and around a motor shaft of the motor 5.
• a special feature of the milling device shown is at least one laterally mounted or lateral milling drum 20, which is fastened on the face of the central milling drum 10 on the drive shaft 12 and rotates with it.
• a lateral milling drum 20 is preferably arranged on each side of the central milling drum 10.
• the lateral milling drums 20, like the central milling drum 10 have two bearing disks 21 and 22 and running plates 23 fixed between their outer circumference. At least one of the running plates 23 is designed as a milling plate 24 with milling elements 25 fastened thereon or thereon. However, as with the central milling drum 10, it is preferred to distribute the milling elements 25 over several or all of the running plates 23.
• the webs that stand between two adjacent milling drums 10 and 20 during a milling process are milled off in a second, laterally offset but still overlapping milling pass.
• outside bearing disks 22 of the lateral milling drums 20 are designed as bearing and milling disks 22, on the end face of which additional milling elements 26, e.g. B. diamond pins are attached.
• the milling device can not only be used to mill off the surface 6 that has been run over, but also a side wall 7 that rises from the surface 6 and along which the milling device is guided, as shown here.
• this milling device can be used to mill two mutually projecting walls or a base 6 and a wall 7 all the way to their edge area. Therefore, no webs remain as they have remained on the edges in the milling devices of the prior art.
• the drive shaft 12 does not pass through the lateral milling drums 20 as with the central milling drum 10, but only through the inside bearing disk 21.
• the end of the drive shaft 12 is fastened to this by means of a fixing device 27 which is arranged on the inside of the bearing disk 21 .
• the milling drums 10 and 20 are enclosed by a housing or casing box 30.
• a housing or casing box 30 For reasons of clarity, only one casing box 30 for the central milling drum 10 is shown in FIG. 1.
• the casing box 30 has a hinged lid 31 to allow access to the central milling drum 10.
• a sealing element 32 e.g. B. a densely bristled brush or a rubber lip.
• At least one suction opening 33 is formed in at least one wall of the casing box 30, in particular in its cover 31. This is connected to a strong suction fan 34 via a suction hose, not shown.
• a special suction fan is provided for use in a contaminated environment, which can in particular hold containers that are suitable for transport and final storage without relocation of the suction material.
• the suction fan 34 can be attached to the frame 2 or can be designed as a separate unit.
• cladding elements can be attached, which serve to clad the lateral milling drums 20.
• a single casing box for covering the central and lateral milling drums 10 and 20 can also be attached to the milling device.
• a cladding element of independent importance is a removable side cladding element which serves to cover the end face (s) of the side milling drums 20 when they are not being guided along a wall 7 to be machined. This side cladding element is advantageously mutually attachable to the one or mirror-inverted to the other end of the milling device 1.
• the cladding device is advantageously designed such that it always ensures a secure seal on all sides of the milling device.
• individual cladding elements with sealing lips in the edge regions of the cladding device or the entire cladding device can be spring loaded.
• Suction air from side milling drums 20 can be guided through a drive shaft 12 designed as a hollow shaft.
• 10 longitudinal slots are formed in the section thereof within the central milling drum, through which air can be extracted from the lateral milling drums 20 with dust and, depending on the suction strength, also with milled material.
• Another possibility of suction from the side milling drums 20 is the formation of air guide holes 28 in the inside bearing disks 28 of the side milling drums 20 and the bearing disks 11 of the central milling drum 10.
• these bearing disks 11 and / or 21 can also be designed like a turbine wheel in order to To intensify the suction effect from the lateral milling drums 20 into the area of the central milling drum 10.
• the formation of a cladding which is arranged sufficiently high above the rotating milling plates 24 is preferred, so that central suction is possible through them.
• such a milling device can also be embodied as a rail-guided milling device for machining an in particular vertical wall.
• a milling device 1 which is constructed essentially like that described above, is arranged to be movable along a rail 50 by means of a feed device 49.
• the rail 50 can be fastened directly to a wall 7 to be machined, the rail 50 also being able to be fixed at a distance from the wall 7 in accordance with a further embodiment.
• the rail 50 can also be fastened to the floor and / or the ceiling of a room by means of ceiling and floor supports and / or a tensioning device 51.
• the milling device 1 here consists of two lateral milling drums 40, which are connected to one another via a drive shaft 42 and project laterally beyond the rail 50.
• the side milling drums 40 are driven by a motor 47 via e.g. B. a bevel gear and the drive shaft 42.
• a lowering gear 48 makes it possible to move or lower the side milling drums 40 towards the wall 7.
• the milling drums 40 again essentially consist of milling plates 44 and, depending on the embodiment, also of running plates 43 which rotate about the axis of the drive shaft 42.
• Circumferential milling elements 45 are fastened to the milling plates 44 on the circumferential side.
• outside milling elements 46 are in turn attached to the lateral milling drums 40.
• a cladding also not shown here, is provided with a connection for a suction fan 53.
• a central milling drum is not provided in this embodiment, but would be with a corresponding arrangement of the milling device, for. B. between the rail 50 and the wall 7 to be machined, can also be set up.
• While the entire, preferably automated control and suction mechanism can be arranged directly on the slide 41, which guides the milling device on the rail 50, the control and / or the suction of dust and / or takes place Milled material here from a separate suction and control device 52.
• This can be fixed to the rail 50 or, as shown, consist of a movable carriage.
• the suction and control device 52 shown carries a safety suction device 53 which is strong enough, in particular to completely suction off the dust generated during milling and to put it directly into a safety container for transport and final storage.
• the safety suction device 53 is preferably connected via a flexible suction hose 55 to the milling device or the connection in its casing.
• the suction and control device 52 also carries a hydraulic unit 54 in the case of hydraulic control of the milling device.
• an electrical drive is preferred for safety reasons.
• the entire milling device is controlled via a control unit on or in the suction and control device 52, which can preferably be remotely controlled via a remote control 57.
• the milling device and / or the suction and control device 52 can be supplied as well as the connection to one another by radio and / or via supply, control and signaling lines 56.
• cameras 58 which are attached to the milling device or the slide 41 and are directed towards the wall 7.
• the cameras 58 can be attached to the ends of arms 59 so as to allow a larger field of view. Automatic or remote-controlled alignment of the cameras 58 and the use of telescopic arms 59 improve the possibilities of remote monitoring and remote control.
• the milling device is arranged on the arm 61 of a telescopic stacker 60.
• the milling device itself is not directly attached to the arm 61, but rather a rail 70, which carries the milling device and its drive devices movable thereon.
• the rail 70 and the milling device arranged thereon are constructed to be comparable to those described above.
• the milling device which essentially consists of two clad lateral milling drums 71 with milling elements 72 on the circumference and towards the front, is in turn movably supported on the rail 70 via a slide 73.
• the milling drums 71 are in turn driven and raised and lowered by means of corresponding feed, drive and lowering devices, which, however, are not shown in the drawing.
• the rail 70 itself is preferably articulated at the outer end of the arm 61 such that it can be pivoted or rotated both about a slide pivot axis 74, which in the basic position shown runs horizontally and parallel to a wall 7 to be machined, and about a slide pivot axis 75 which runs in the direction of the wall 7.
• the telescopic stacker 60 can first be moved into a rough position in front of the wall 7 to be machined, and then the rail 70 can be fine-tuned relative to the wall 7, which overall allows a particularly rapid change of the milling position on a wall 7.
• Support arms 66 as are known from mobile cranes and the like, are used to secure the position of the telehandler 60 in the rough position.
• sensors in particular pressure sensors 76, cameras 77 and other suitable instruments can be arranged on the rail 70 and / or on the slide 73.
• the pressure sensors 76 serve, for example, to indicate the contact of the rail 70 and the wall 7 or a ceiling.
• the strength of the pressure can also be displayed, e.g. B. on the one hand to avoid damaging a ceiling, but on the other hand to enable a supporting effect of the ceiling on the adjacent rail 70.
• the display of the data from such monitoring devices 76, 77 can, for. B. on a remote display outside of a nuclear power plant to be processed or in the cab 62 of the telehandler 60.
• An automatic or semi-automatic evaluation of the data can also be set up and combined with a remote control.
• the telescopic stacker 60 or another suitable vehicle with a boom 61 also carries, in the exemplary embodiment shown, a suction blower device 63 which is connected to the milling device via a suction hose 64 in order to extract dust and preferably also milling material from a machined wall 7.
• the suction material is advantageously stored again directly in containers which are also suitable as transport and final storage containers. To replace these containers, there is an easily accessible door 65 in the housing wall of the suction fan device 63.
• electrical drives are preferred, since otherwise emerging cooling or hydraulic fluid, as well as fuels, could reach the walls or floors to be processed. These liquids would then penetrate the walls, absorb contaminants and take them into deeper layers of the wall. Since these deeper layers are normally no longer removed for special disposal, but are disposed of conventionally, there would be the risk of improperly disposing of contaminated material.
• Parallel electrical and hydraulic drives can also be provided, with the choice of drive type depending on the specific work task.
• the milling drums of which enable both circumferential and end milling the interior walls of a room, including the ceiling and floor, can be milled down to the edges.
• a milling process for this comprises, in a first step, milling off an entire first surface or wall, e.g. B. a floor, with an edge strip of the side walls adjoining it being also milled off. Then, in further steps, the corresponding side walls and the ceiling are milled down to the edge areas as required.
• the walls to which the milling device feeds in a previous operation are milled transversely to the previous milling direction due to the rounding of the rollers due to the fact that an edge strip remained on the first wall or here on the floor.
• the edge strip which had previously remained on the first wall is also milled off when the adjacent wall is milled off by means of the milling elements 26, 46 and 72 on the outer or end faces.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Working Measures On Existing Buildindgs (AREA)
• Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
• Magnetic Heads (AREA)
• Milling Processes (AREA)

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• 1998
  • 1998-08-18 DE DE19837288A patent/DE19837288A1/de not_active Withdrawn
• 1999
  • 1999-08-18 WO PCT/EP1999/006055 patent/WO2000010785A1/fr active IP Right Grant
  • 1999-08-18 EP EP99942884A patent/EP1105270B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-18 DE DE59912309T patent/DE59912309D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1999-08-18 AT AT99942884T patent/ATE299787T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation

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