EP1055489A2 - Procédé de determination de temps d'utilisation et état d'un ensemble de percussion - Google Patents

Procédé de determination de temps d'utilisation et état d'un ensemble de percussion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1055489A2
EP1055489A2 EP00109684A EP00109684A EP1055489A2 EP 1055489 A2 EP1055489 A2 EP 1055489A2 EP 00109684 A EP00109684 A EP 00109684A EP 00109684 A EP00109684 A EP 00109684A EP 1055489 A2 EP1055489 A2 EP 1055489A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signals
percussion piston
pressure
sensor
strokes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00109684A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1055489B1 (fr
EP1055489A3 (fr
Inventor
Heinz-Jürgen Dr.-Ing Prokop
Marcus Dr.-Ing Geimer
Thomas Deimel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Construction Tools GmbH
Original Assignee
Krupp Berco Bautechnik GmbH
Atlas Copco Construction Tools GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Krupp Berco Bautechnik GmbH, Atlas Copco Construction Tools GmbH filed Critical Krupp Berco Bautechnik GmbH
Publication of EP1055489A2 publication Critical patent/EP1055489A2/fr
Publication of EP1055489A3 publication Critical patent/EP1055489A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1055489B1 publication Critical patent/EP1055489B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/96—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements
    • E02F3/966—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with arrangements for alternate or simultaneous use of different digging elements of hammer-type tools
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G23/00—Working measures on existing buildings
    • E04G23/08—Wrecking of buildings

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for determining the operating time and the operating state of a hydraulic impact unit, in particular a hydraulic hammer, with a percussion piston, which - guided in a housing - alternately executes a working stroke in the impact direction and a return stroke under the action of a control.
  • the invention further relates to an apparatus for performing the method.
  • Hydraulic striking mechanisms in particular hydraulic hammers, are used for material shredding (e.g. rock or Concrete crushing) used. This crushing will achieves that the kinetic energy of a percussion piston by Impact on a tool over this and the tool tip into it material to be processed initiated and there in destruction work is converted. Depending on the hardness of the material to be processed becomes only part of the kinetic energy in destructive work converted; the unconverted share of energy is Tool reflected in the percussion piston. In contrast, at softer material the impact energy completely in destructive work converted.
  • material shredding e.g. rock or Concrete crushing
  • the Operating time of the hydraulic impact unit i.e. a statement over the entire period during which the hydraulic Percussion unit was actively in use.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of specifying measures and means by means of which the operating time and the operating state of a hydraulic impact unit can be determined, in particular also by an operator. In this way, the responsible body has the opportunity to decide whether maintenance is already required or whether the impact unit in question can continue to be used.
  • the object is achieved by a method which has the features of claim 1.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the current total number of strikes carried out by the striking unit represents a relevant variable for determining the active operating time, from which - by comparison with corresponding specifications - a statement can be made about the operating state of the striking unit in question .
  • the statement about the state of use consists in making it clear whether the end of a maintenance-free operating period has been reached and thus there is a need for maintenance.
  • the method according to the invention for determining the operating time and the operating state of a hydraulic impact unit is characterized in that signals are generated during the individual, successive operating sections of the impact unit, the number of which is proportional to the strokes carried out by the percussion piston in one direction of movement; that the number of signals is continuously added up and stored as a total number; and that the current total number of signals is made recognizable, at least temporarily, in the form of a display indicating the state of use.
  • the last mentioned display can be optical and / or acoustic in the context of the invention.
  • the manner of generation and the type of signals can be arbitrary in the context of the invention, provided that it is ensured that their number allows a statement about the number of strokes carried out by the percussion piston in one direction of movement.
  • the generation of signals by means of a sensor comes into question, which detects physical processes (or state changes associated therewith due to the percussion piston movements).
  • the signals are preferably generated as a function of at least one of the physical processes - pressure, displacement, sound level, temperature, flow rate and vibration (claim 2).
  • the invention can also be further developed in such a way that the current total number of signals determined in the manner mentioned is provided with a correction factor as a function of at least one further influencing variable - for example the measured outside temperature - so that the end of a maintenance interval can be seen from the display - If the outside temperature falls below a predetermined value - is triggered at an earlier point in time.
  • pressure fluctuations or flow processes occurring are detected in one of the supply lines for the impact unit - namely the pressure line for the fluid entering the impact unit and return line for returning the exiting fluid (claim 3).
  • Pressure fluctuations or changes in the flow rate - which occur periodically as a function of the percussion piston strokes - can be converted into signals by means of a pressure switch or by means of a flow sensor (claim 4 or 5).
  • the previously mentioned embodiments also have the advantage that - regardless of the other structural design of the hydraulic striking unit - they can be retrofitted without any particular effort.
  • the method can also be carried out in such a way that the signals proportional to the percussion piston strokes are generated on the basis of a sound measurement (claim 6) or by detection of oscillation processes (claim 7).
  • this can be done with the aid of a sound sensor in the form of a microphone, which may be followed by a suitable filter.
  • the vibration processes triggered by the movements of the percussion piston can be detected by means of a vibration transducer; This has a vibration sensor which is held in the manner of a seismic mass and which interacts with a moving coil. The latter is excited by vibrations emanating from the striking unit to make relative movements with respect to the moving coil, so that signals corresponding to the vibrations are generated inductively.
  • the method can also be designed in such a way that the displacement of a component of the impact unit that moves in one direction of movement due to the percussion piston strokes is detected by means of a displacement transducer (claim 8).
  • a displacement transducer (claim 8)
  • the movements of the percussion piston can itself be converted into corresponding signals in that it is enclosed by an induction coil unit without contact.
  • the latter is preferably assigned to the percussion piston on the side of the percussion unit facing away from the percussion piston tip.
  • the method can also be designed in such a way that the stress on a component of the striking unit - which changes periodically with the strikes carried out by the striking piston - is recorded by means of a force or tension sensor (claim 9).
  • transducers can be used which are designed as strain gauges or as piezo elements and convert the stress conditions occurring on them into signals.
  • the relevant transducers are attached to the housing of the impact unit in such a way that they are deformed with the stress caused by the impact piston strokes.
  • the hydraulic percussion unit is equipped with a gas cushion supporting the percussion piston
  • suitable signals can also be generated in that the temperature or the pressure of the gas cushion is detected by means of a temperature sensor or a pressure switch (see claims 10 and 11, respectively).
  • the gas cushion is normally arranged on the side of the percussion unit facing away from the percussion piston tip, the sensors (temperature sensors, pressure monitors) mentioned here are located relatively far from the immediate working area of the percussion unit.
  • the method is preferably further developed such that when a predetermined total number of signals is reached, at least one maintenance display is generated which at least makes it recognizable that the striking unit requires maintenance (claim 12). This can be done in particular if a warning lamp, for example red, lights up, which indicates the end of a maintenance-free operating period.
  • These advance warning indicators can consist of reaching one Upper limit of the specified total number of signals is first a green one Warning lamp and later a yellow warning lamp lights up, so to speak step by step the current state of use of the impact unit.
  • the electrical energy required for the provision - ie in particular for the extraction, summation and storage - of the signals can be generated by batteries.
  • the relevant energy units should be equipped with a charge indicator to rule out malfunctions.
  • the method can also be designed in such a way that the electrical energy for providing the signals is generated by means of the fluid which also drives the percussion piston (claim 16).
  • an electrical energy unit can be provided which has an auxiliary hydraulic motor with a generator driven by it and an electrical store connected downstream of the latter.
  • the electrical energy can be used to provide the signals can also be generated by means of a generator which, on the basis of the movements triggered by the percussion piston strokes are effective is and an electrical storage is connected downstream (claim 17).
  • This automatically working generator can with regard to its basic structure especially the one already mentioned Vibration sensors correspond.
  • the object is further achieved by a device with the features of claim 18.
  • This can - according to claim 19 be equipped with a sensor which converts physical processes occurring as a result of the percussion piston movements into signals.
  • the hydraulic excavator 1 shown in FIG. 1 has one Supply unit 2 with a diesel engine and not shown a hydraulic pump driven by it (cf. FIG. 3a); this is in a manner known per se to a hydraulic hammer 3 connected, which in turn is employable on the boom 4 of the Hydraulic excavator with two boom arms 4a, 4b is held.
  • the cantilever arm 4b in turn carries a pivotable Connection console 5, on which a support member 6- formed as Support housing or as a support frame - is attached. This is supported the hydraulic hammer 3 from its housing 3a.
  • the hydraulic hammer 3 acts in fluid form on a chisel 7 Tool, with the one coming from the hydraulic hammer Kinetic energy is converted into impact energy.
  • a display element A is arranged above the support element 6, which among other things makes information about the operating time and the operational state of the hydraulic hammer 3 recognizable.
  • the hydraulic hammer has a sensor S for generating signals which are continuously added up in the display element A, stored as a total number and made recognizable.
  • FIG. 2 schematically shows in further details the sequence and the interaction of the processes which ultimately lead to a statement about the operating time and the operating state of the hydraulic hammer 3.
  • the processes occurring during the operation of the hydraulic hammer 3 are converted into signals by the sensor S, continuously summed up in a counting and storage element ZS with respect to their total number, and stored as a total number, the current total number of signals relating to the operating state of the Hydraulic hammer indicative display A is made recognizable.
  • the electrical energy required for the provision of the signals and the information derived therefrom is made available by an electrical store E. If necessary, the information obtained by means of the counting and storage element ZS can be transmitted wirelessly to an evaluation AW.
  • the sensor S is arranged and designed such that 3 signals are generated during the individual, chronologically successive operating sections of the hydraulic hammer, the number of which is proportional to the strokes carried out by the percussion piston of the hydraulic hammer in one direction of movement.
  • the sensor therefore detects processes or states or changes in state which are triggered by the percussion piston movements and maps these processes, states or changes in state in signal form.
  • a statement about the active operating time can be obtained, from which information regarding the operating state of the hydraulic hammer 3 can be derived with regard to predetermined maintenance intervals. This information can be identified on the display A and, if necessary, fed to the evaluation AW wirelessly.
  • the display A can be constructed in such a way that, after reaching a predetermined total number of signals, at least one maintenance display is generated, which makes it possible to recognize the end of a maintenance-free operating period.
  • the display can also be designed in such a way that it generates several prewarning displays one after the other depending on the current total number of signals, which gradually indicate the approach to the end of a maintenance interval.
  • the hydraulic hammer 3 in addition to the lines to be described as well as drive and Control elements on the already mentioned housing 3a, in which a percussion piston 8 is held back and forth in the longitudinal direction.
  • a percussion piston 8 is held back and forth in the longitudinal direction.
  • This has two lying in the cylinder space of the housing 3a Piston collars 8a and 8b, which by a circumferential groove 8c are separated from each other.
  • the outward piston surface K1 and K2 of the piston collar 8b and 8a delimit rear and front with the housing 3a Cylinder chamber section 3b or 3c.
  • the piston area K1 is smaller dimensioned as the piston surface K2.
  • the percussion piston 8 goes into a Piston tip 8d over which the chisel 7 is opposite.
  • the Movement of the percussion piston 8 in the direction of the working stroke is complete an arrow 8e indicated.
  • the illustration in question shows the hydraulic hammer 3 in a state immediately after the impact piston 8 strikes the chisel 7.
  • the control for switching over the movement of the percussion piston 8 consists of a control slide 9a movable in a control valve 9, the smaller slide area F1 of which is constantly acted upon by the working pressure (system pressure) via a return line 10; this is generated by an energy source in the form of a hydraulic pump 11 (which in turn - as already mentioned - is part of the supply unit 2).
  • the smaller piston area K1 is constantly pressurized with the working pressure via a pressure line 12, which is connected to the return line 10.
  • the orifice 12a of the pressure line is arranged with respect to the housing 3a in such a way that it is in any case outside the piston collar 8b and thus inside the front cylinder space section 3c.
  • the larger slide area F2 of the control slide 9a is over a Reversing line 13 with the cylinder chamber of the housing 3a in such a way Connection that its mouth 13a in the state shown via the circumferential groove 8c to a pressure-free return line 14 connected.
  • the mouth 13a and the mouth 14a of the Return line are therefore - in the longitudinal direction of the percussion piston 8 seen - at a distance opposite, which is smaller than the axial Length of the circumferential groove 8c.
  • the control valve 9 is on the one hand via a control line 15 to the Pressure line 12 and on the other hand via a drain line 16 together with the tank 16a connected to the return line 14. It still stands Control valve 9 via an alternating pressure line 17 with the rear Cylinder chamber section 3b in connection, over which the larger Piston surface K2 may be subjected to working pressure can.
  • the control valve 9 can assume two valve positions, namely the shown (right) return stroke position, in which the larger Piston surface K2 via the alternating pressure line 17 and the drain line 16 is depressurized, and the (left) working stroke position in which the rear cylinder chamber section 3b via the pressure line 12, which with this related control line 15 and the Alternating pressure line 17 is subjected to the working pressure.
  • This Condition has the consequence that the percussion piston 8- against that of the smaller piston surface K1 outgoing restoring force - one Performs working stroke in the direction of arrow 8e.
  • a chamber 18 is located above the rear cylinder section 3b arranged, which receives a pressurized gas cushion.
  • On the percussion piston 8 is supported by the piston tip 8d facing away from.
  • the pressure line 12 is preferably equipped with a transmitter in the form of a pressure monitor 19, preferably in the vicinity before it enters the housing 3a (see, for example, FIG. 1).
  • This detects pressure fluctuations within the pressure line 12 - which are triggered by the percussion piston movements - and converts them into signals, the course of which is indicated in FIG. 3b.
  • These signals - the number of which is proportional to the strokes carried out by the percussion piston in one direction of movement - can be used in the manner already mentioned to obtain information about the current operating time and the operating state of the hydraulic hammer 3 and to make it recognizable.
  • a pressure switch 20 is integrated into the control for the hydraulic hammer 3 in that it is assigned to the changeover line 13.
  • the formation of the signals generated by the pressure switch 20 indicated in FIG. 4b results as a function of the position of the piston collar 8b with respect to the junction 13a of the changeover line 13.
  • the lower pressure level shown in FIG. 4b is present on the reversing line 13. This pressure level only changes after the piston collar 8b has covered the opening 13a and finally a connection between the pressure line 12 and the reversing line 13 has been established via the front cylinder space section 3c.
  • the pressure switch 20 is thus able to generate signals which are proportional to the number of strokes and which can be summed up and evaluated accordingly.
  • the invention can also be designed in such a way that the state of the gas cushion by means of a pressure switch 21 (FIG. 5a) or by means of a temperature sensor 22 (FIG. 6a) is detected and converted into signals (Fig. 5b or 6b).
  • the movement of the percussion piston 8 in the direction of the working stroke (arrow 8e) has the consequence that the pressure - and thus also the temperature - of the gas cushion drops.
  • the movement of the percussion piston during the return stroke leads to an increase in pressure and temperature. Accordingly, signals can also be generated by means of the sensors 21 and 22, the number of which depends on the movements of the percussion piston.
  • FIG. 7a and 7b relate to an embodiment of the invention, in which the displacement of a component of the hydraulic hammer 3 which moves in one direction of movement due to the percussion piston strokes is detected by means of a displacement transducer.
  • This displacement transducer is designed as an inductively operating plunger 23, which forms part of the chamber 18 and there more or less encloses the percussion piston 8 depending on its position within the housing 3a.
  • the relative movements of the percussion piston with respect to the plunger coil 23 trigger induction processes which change over time, the course of which is shown in FIG. 7b. According to the invention, these induction processes can be used to obtain information about the current operating time of the hydraulic hammer 3 and about its operating state.
  • the invention can also be designed in such a way that movements caused by the percussion piston strokes are detected by means of a vibration sensor and converted into corresponding signals.
  • the vibration transducer 24 has, as essential components, a resiliently held oscillating body 24a which, in the manner of a seismic mass, can carry out oscillating movements between two moving coils 24b and 24c; these lead to induction processes, the temporal course of which can be seen from FIG. 8b.
  • the oscillating movements of the oscillating body 24a relative to the plunger coils 24b and 24c are caused by the vibrations which occur due to the percussion piston strokes.
  • the vibration transducer 24 is attached above the hydraulic hammer 3 as a unit on the connection bracket 5.
  • the vibration transducer 24 can be mounted directly on the housing 3a of the hydraulic hammer within the support element 6 or also on the support element 6 itself.
  • a strain gauge 25 is attached to the housing 3a of the hydraulic hammer 3. Depending on the stress on the housing 3a, this periodically experiences elastic deformations from which signals of the type shown can be obtained.
  • the voltage transducer mentioned here can also be constructed from a plurality of strain gauges connected together.
  • a force transducer can also be used, which has at least one piezo element as a sensor. This force transducer can, for example, be arranged such that the associated piezo elements above the housing 3a are fastened between the housing and the flange 6a for the fastening of the support element 6 without play.
  • Another possibility for generating suitable signals is to record the different noise levels depending on the percussion piston strokes. This noise level has a short-term peak value if the percussion piston and chisel 7 strike the material to be processed.
  • the sound level transmitter is designed as a microphone 26, which is arranged below the flange 6a between the support element 6 and the housing 3a of the hydraulic hammer.
  • the microphone 26 By means of a suitable design of the microphone 26 or by connecting a filter, it can be ensured that the impulse-like signals indicated in FIG. 10b are generated only when the material to be processed is hit, the number of which corresponds to that of the piston strokes.
  • an acceleration sensor 27 is provided to generate the signals of interest here. This is supported above the flange 6a on the connection bracket 5; within the scope of the invention, however, it can also be fastened at another suitable location - in particular on the flange 6a, on the support element 6 itself or on the housing 3a of the hydraulic hammer.
  • the acceleration sensor 27 motion sequences caused by the percussion piston strokes can be converted into signals with a periodically recurring course.
  • the signals for determining the operating time and the further information derived therefrom - as explained with reference to FIGS. 11a, b - are obtained by means of the acceleration sensor 27.
  • the unit consisting of hydraulic hammer 3 and support element 6 is assigned a generator which generates the electrical energy required for the provision of the signals and further information.
  • the construction of this generator corresponds to the vibration transducer 24 already described with reference to FIG. 8a.
  • the vibrations that occur during operation are converted into electrical energy by means of the generator 28, which is received by an electrical store 29 - as a component of the counting and storage element ZS.
  • the signals generated by the accelerometer 27 are added up in the unit ZS and stored as the total number of signals.
  • the unit ZS is followed by a display A, which both makes the current total number of signals recognizable and, if appropriate, can convey further information relating to the operating state of the hydraulic hammer 3.
  • This additional information consists of the fact that several pre-warning displays A1 and A2 are generated in succession depending on the current total number of signals and that after reaching a predetermined total number of signals, a maintenance display A3 appears which indicates the end of a defined maintenance interval .
  • the counting and storage element ZS is also followed by a transmitter / receiver unit 30, with which corresponding information can be transmitted wirelessly to a transmitter / receiver unit 31; this in turn is coupled with an evaluation AW (in particular a computer).
  • an evaluation AW in particular a computer.
  • the latter not only enables the stored information to be evaluated, but also serves to influence stored information by resetting to a desired reset value. This reset is made possible by the fact that the commands emanating from the evaluation AW are also transmitted wirelessly to the unit ZS through the interaction of the units 31 and 30.
  • the electrical energy for the provision of the signals and the information derived therefrom - as can be seen in FIG. 13 - can be generated by means of an auxiliary hydraulic motor 32 which is connected on the input side to the pressure line 12 and on the output side by the return line 14 ( see Fig. 3a) in connection.
  • the auxiliary hydraulic motor 32 drives a generator 33, which is followed by an electrical store 34.
  • the electrical storage 34 can be a separate element for example coupled to the unit ZS or - as in FIG. 12 shown - be integrated into this as part 29.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Fluid-Pressure Circuits (AREA)
  • Valves And Accessory Devices For Braking Systems (AREA)
  • Supply Devices, Intensifiers, Converters, And Telemotors (AREA)
  • Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
EP00109684A 1999-05-22 2000-05-06 Procédé de determination de temps d'utilisation et état d'un ensemble de percussion Expired - Lifetime EP1055489B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19923680A DE19923680B4 (de) 1999-05-22 1999-05-22 Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Betriebsdauer und des Einsatz-Zustands eines hydraulischen Schlagaggregats, insbesondere Hydraulikhammer, sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE19923680 1999-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1055489A2 true EP1055489A2 (fr) 2000-11-29
EP1055489A3 EP1055489A3 (fr) 2004-02-04
EP1055489B1 EP1055489B1 (fr) 2007-10-17

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EP00109684A Expired - Lifetime EP1055489B1 (fr) 1999-05-22 2000-05-06 Procédé de determination de temps d'utilisation et état d'un ensemble de percussion

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US6510902B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1055489B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001017873A (fr)
AT (1) ATE375848T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19923680B4 (fr)
ES (1) ES2293876T3 (fr)

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US7051525B2 (en) 2001-10-18 2006-05-30 Sandvik Tamrock Oy Method and apparatus for monitoring operation of percussion device

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CN107338826A (zh) * 2016-04-28 2017-11-10 东空销售股份有限公司 附件监视系统
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EP1055489B1 (fr) 2007-10-17
DE19923680A1 (de) 2000-11-23
EP1055489A3 (fr) 2004-02-04
DE19923680B4 (de) 2004-02-26
DE50014717D1 (de) 2007-11-29
JP2001017873A (ja) 2001-01-23
US6510902B1 (en) 2003-01-28
ES2293876T3 (es) 2008-04-01
ATE375848T1 (de) 2007-11-15

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