EP0986675B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bekämpfung der entstehung von lawinen und dgl. fliessschnee-phänomenen - Google Patents

Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bekämpfung der entstehung von lawinen und dgl. fliessschnee-phänomenen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0986675B1
EP0986675B1 EP98937431A EP98937431A EP0986675B1 EP 0986675 B1 EP0986675 B1 EP 0986675B1 EP 98937431 A EP98937431 A EP 98937431A EP 98937431 A EP98937431 A EP 98937431A EP 0986675 B1 EP0986675 B1 EP 0986675B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
snow
accordance
slope
layers
buoyancy
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98937431A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0986675A1 (de
Inventor
Friedolf Mutschler
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Individual
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01F—ADDITIONAL WORK, SUCH AS EQUIPPING ROADS OR THE CONSTRUCTION OF PLATFORMS, HELICOPTER LANDING STAGES, SIGNS, SNOW FENCES, OR THE LIKE
    • E01F7/00—Devices affording protection against snow, sand drifts, side-wind effects, snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks; Anti-dazzle arrangements ; Sight-screens for roads, e.g. to mask accident site
    • E01F7/04—Devices affording protection against snowslides, avalanches or falling rocks, e.g. avalanche preventing structures, galleries

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a Device for controlling the formation of avalanches and other flowing snow phenomena.
  • the invention is hereinafter for the sake of simplicity only with a view to fighting avalanches described, although it is not limited to this.
  • the Accordingly, the invention also relates to combating others Flowing snow phenomena, such as B. the fight against Creation of snowboards, of closing snow exits, for combating loose snow avalanches, new snow breaks, Old snow breaks, wet snow avalanches, basic avalanches and all other form of known avalanches and other crawling and Gleitschneedochen.
  • Snow deposits on slope-like structures are not in medium at rest, but a permanent downhill moving mass. Natural causes as well External influences can do this movement very change significantly. The violence of one down the valley Spreading avalanche can be an extreme variant of this Change are considered.
  • Such a movement correction can according to the state of the Technology either through a massive construction across the slope take place, the masses of snow migrating down the valley be held up or there may be a targeted redirection global movements through massive obstacles occur. The latter is primarily used in the valley Areas applied. Among other things, this topic to CH 674 998 A, EP 0 484 563, EP 0 346 326, DE 28 07 536 and refer to EP 0 359 704.
  • the disadvantage of the known avalanche barriers are the high ones Manufacturing costs, the high maintenance costs and the serious interference in nature to the required To transfer forces to the existing soil and rock.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object Method and device for preventing Propose avalanches, in the case of essential lower manufacturing costs already the emergence of Avalanche as such is prevented and which is essential is cheaper to manufacture and less intervention into existing nature.
  • the invention provides for the masses of snow covering the slope moving down, not simply as in the prior art known to stop, but rather in individual layers subdivide and mix the layers together. This Division as well as the mixture can be in horizontal and / or in vertical direction. At the same time, one Snow masses are compacted.
  • a corresponding device provides that the mechanical Implementation (transformation) through the use of a so-called snow transformers is reached.
  • Dividing element or buoyancy body Wedge-shaped basic elements or variable ones geometric hollow body, hereinafter also as Dividing element or buoyancy body are referred to mounted on elastic handrails, which in turn are in the floor be anchored.
  • the floor installation itself is not carried out in a vertical planting of the rod end, but parallel to the specified slope slope.
  • the handrail itself is designed such that after about 1/3 their length in a rounded shape in a vertical position erects.
  • the different ones are important Setting angle with which the vertical dividing elements the handrails are attached.
  • the angle alpha between the support rod and the vertical dividing element the upper end of the rod increasingly approaches a right angle, becomes an uncontrolled when the snow depth is low Counteracted buoyancy movement. An emigration of the This prevents Transformers from the snow.
  • the avalanche barrier according to the invention consists in one preferred embodiment of a holding device 1, the in turn from a mounting plate 2 anchored in the slope exists on which by means of a fastening 4 Handrail 3 is mounted.
  • the handrail is as round-profiled, elastic rod formed, the z. B. from a plastic material, of steel, of wood, of Aluminum alloys, made of glass fiber, carbon plastics or The like. It is important that the support rod 3 one lower, aligned approximately parallel to the slope Part 7, with which this support rod 3 in the Attachment 4 of the mounting plate 2 is added while the upper part adjoining the lower part 7 8 is inclined upwards from the slope and z. B. at an angle can be inclined downhill.
  • the flow direction 6 of the snow masses is so directed that when a pull on the support rod 3rd preferably this tensile force in the axial direction over the lower one Part 7 is initiated on the attachment 4, so as to to generate great holding force.
  • ground anchor 13 is anchored in the slope.
  • ground anchors 13 can be attached at the same time take over for the handrail 3; but it is also possible that own screws 5 are present, which the clamp-like fastening 4 on the mounting plate 2 Fasten.
  • Figures 1a-1c also show that instead of Round profile of the support rod 3 also profiled differently Handrails 3a, 3b, 3c can be used, namely figure 1a shows an elliptical profile, FIG. 1b shows a triangular profile and Figure 1c a square or a rectangular profile.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically a section through a Slope in which the emergence of an avalanche from a down-facing snow layer 14 can be avoided should.
  • the slope here - shown schematically - consists of Rock 10, which is covered by a layer of gravel 11, the again shows a thin layer of humus 12.
  • Ground anchor 13 with its longitudinal axis perpendicular to the mounting plate 2 are directed. It can also be provided that the Ground anchor diagonally down (down the slope) into the Gravel layer or driven into the rock layer.
  • ground anchors 13 do not need to be nail-like to be educated; they can do the appropriate Have screw surfaces, they can be used as tent anchor-like Profile shapes be formed as profiled bars and the like. more.
  • ground anchors also rock anchors or Called rock bolts
  • rock anchors or Called rock bolts are not the subject of the invention.
  • the avalanche barrier now consists of the previously described with reference to Figures 1-1c Holding devices 1, it is now important that the Holding rods 3 corresponding buoyancy body 15 arranged which are fixed or rotatable at a mutual distance, however preferably not slidable on the handrails 3,3 ', 3' 'are arranged.
  • buoyancy bodies 15 shown here are as arrow-like elements formed with their pointed Reach side up the slope into the snow layer and with their wider side are directed down the slope.
  • the snow layer 14 is divided into horizontally and also vertically, which means different compression and relief zones in the Snow layer 14 are formed, as follows based on the Figures 3-5 is explained in more detail.
  • Figure 3 shows that first in the direction of flow 6 Layers of snow also unimpeded on the side Avalanche barriers can flow past because the avalanche control does not cover the entire width of the slope Layer of snow can cover.
  • the vector representation divides the downward force into an upward slope directed vector 20 pointing approximately parallel to the slope plane a vector 22 pointing perpendicular to the slope plane and one resulting vector 21, which is approximately oblique to Slope is directed.
  • the vertical mixing of the snow layers shown here causes the snow layer 14 to solidify overall, because the otherwise tearing themselves apart possibly separating layers of snow 14a, 14b, 14c are interlinked and connected.
  • the invention is not limited to the vertical mixing of layers To achieve layers of snow, but in an analogous manner this is done with horizontally adjacent Layers of snow, because the deflecting surfaces shown here are effective not only mixing in the vertical direction, but also in the horizontal direction (side by side), and so too juxtaposed, approximately strand-shaped masses of snow to interlink and chain together.
  • buoyancy bodies are shown, but all the serve the same purpose, namely that they are not rigid obstructions represent, but on the elastic handrails are attached and practical like dragons or swallows in a slowly moving layer of snow the snow masses like this distract that they mix each other and interlock with each other.
  • FIGS. 6, 8 and 9 of a Buoyancy body 26 consists essentially of a center folded steel plate, in the manner of a snow plow with an arrow bow 29 on the front of the holding rod 3 is attached.
  • This snow plow-like structure has two deflector blades 27, 28 arranged at an angle to one another, which are symmetrical to the longitudinal center axis and are firmly connected.
  • Deflection blades 27, 28 through slot 30 are provided, inserted into a plate-shaped deflecting surface 19 and is anchored there.
  • the deflecting surface 19 is at an angle 32 inclined to the longitudinal axis of the support rod 3 and in such a way that those acting approximately parallel to the slope and in the direction of arrow 6 flowing snow at an angle to Slope be distracted.
  • angle alpha (angle 32) is variable and can be adapted to the relevant requirements.
  • the support rod 3 arranged deflecting surfaces 19 another Have angle 32 to the respective support rod as for example, those arranged on the holding rods 3 ', 3' ' Rejection surfaces 19. This leads to a different Mixing of the snow layers 14 takes place.
  • Figure 2 is also to show that the on the slope anchored building structures to gap to each other are staggered or they can also be aligned to each other are arranged downhill.
  • FIG. 7 shows a further exemplary embodiment Buoyancy body 31, the same snow plow-like Deflecting blades 27, 28, as is shown in FIGS. 6-9 was explained, but with the obliquely downward Deflection surface 19 is missing.
  • the buoyancy body 35 shown in FIG. 10 has again two blades 33, 34, which are shown in FIG Embodiment lie in one plane. This is, however the embodiment is not limited. These shovels could also along the fastening line 36 on the holding rod 3 be kinked. Such a buoyancy body 35 is trained like a kite and should be like a kite corresponding buoyancy in downward sliding Generate masses of snow, just as much a mixture and interlocking interlocking of the side by side and to produce masses of snow running one above the other.
  • Figures 10a-10d also show that not only one diamond-shaped structure as possible according to Figure 10, but that also a plate, an ellipse, a rectangle or Square or an arrow structure for the buoyancy bodies 35a-35c can be used.
  • the buoyancy bodies are 35-35c firmly and not rotatably connected to the handrail.
  • the fixation line a twist that takes place through corresponding attacks can be limited.
  • FIG 11 shows that the rotation of buoyancy bodies 37 around the support rod 3 possible in the direction of arrow 52 is.
  • the triangularly shaped buoyancy bodies 37 are here via corresponding fastenings 38 on the Support rod 3 attached, with a longitudinal displacement longitudinally the support rod 3 should be avoided, but a twist in the arrow directions 52 is possible.
  • FIGS. 11a-11d it is also shown here with the aid of FIGS. 11a-11d that instead of the arrow-like structures for the Buoyancy bodies 37 as well as buoyancy bodies 37a-37d Disc, ellipse, square or right or arrow structure can be trained.
  • the Mounting hole 38 in the longitudinal axis of symmetry of the Buoyancy lies; it can also use the mounting hole 38 'are arranged in the transverse axis of symmetry.
  • Figure 12 shows that the buoyancy body 39 as Hollow body or solid body can be formed, wherein the buoyancy bodies 39 have an approximately ice structure and the Fastening bore 38 can in turn be designed such that buoyancy bodies 39 are either rotatable or non-rotatable however always arranged immovably on the support rod 3 are.
  • FIGS 12a-12d again show that instead of egg-shaped buoyancy body 39 also other body structures can be used such.
  • FIG. 13 shows buoyancy bodies as they are based on the figures 12-12d have been explained, only that another type of attachment is used.
  • the buoyancy bodies 40, 40a, 40d shown there each have a mounting hole 43 through which passes through a ring 41, which in turn by means of a Attachment 42 engages around the support rod 3.
  • the ring 41 is displaceable in the arrow directions 53 (by a limited displacement) on the handrail 3 is arranged.
  • attachment 42 is not is rotatably formed with the support rod, but that the ring 41 can rotate around the holding rod 3 (Direction 51).
  • the Fastening bore 43 the ring that passes through it 41 gives a movement game, so that the Buoyancy body 40 in the arrow directions 52 around the ring 41 is pivoted around.
  • FIGS 13a-13d again show that different Buoyancy body with its bores 44 on the ring 41 can be attached.
  • Figures 14 and 15 show different ones Combination examples of handrails 3, which in net-like or sheet-like structure are interconnected.
  • the buoyancy bodies shown there are however by the buoyancy body previously shown in all figures replaceable, so that Figures 14 and 15 are not on the shown buoyancy body are limited.
  • each handrail 3 carries the associated buoyancy body 15.
  • the cuffs 46 hold those that branch off like branches from a tree Handrails on a common sleeve 46 firmly again in a holding device 45 (which is not closer is shown) is attached.
  • Avalanche barriers are proposed, whereby it can be seen that the downhill in the direction of flow 6 snow masses both in the horizontal direction as well as in the vertical direction distributed by the buoyancy body 15 according to the invention and mixed together and interlocked.
  • FIG. 15 shows another configuration of the tree structure the support rods 3, it being apparent that several Support rods 3 by assigned buoyancy bodies 48 are interconnected, which are in a common Holding device 47 are coupled together.
  • the invention is not limited to two Support rods 3 form such a structure, it can also several handrails are provided by connecting Buoyancy bodies 48 are connected to one another.
  • Figure 16 shows the comparison of the invention Building structure 49 with a state of the art belonging structure 50.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Control Of Position, Course, Altitude, Or Attitude Of Moving Bodies (AREA)
EP98937431A 1997-06-02 1998-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bekämpfung der entstehung von lawinen und dgl. fliessschnee-phänomenen Expired - Lifetime EP0986675B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19722770 1997-06-02
DE19722770A DE19722770A1 (de) 1997-06-02 1997-06-02 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bekämpfung der Entstehung von Lawinen und dgl. Fließschnee-Phänomenen
PCT/EP1998/003233 WO1998055698A1 (de) 1997-06-02 1998-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bekämpfung der entstehung von lawinen und dgl. fliessschnee-phänomenen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0986675A1 EP0986675A1 (de) 2000-03-22
EP0986675B1 true EP0986675B1 (de) 2002-04-03

Family

ID=7830985

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98937431A Expired - Lifetime EP0986675B1 (de) 1997-06-02 1998-05-29 Verfahren und vorrichtung zur bekämpfung der entstehung von lawinen und dgl. fliessschnee-phänomenen

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US6382597B1 (es)
EP (1) EP0986675B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3652709B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE215642T1 (es)
CA (1) CA2292493C (es)
DE (2) DE19722770A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2175743T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1998055698A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IS2045B (is) * 2002-09-16 2005-09-15 Olafsson Eggert Snjóflóðavarnarkerfi
GB0327965D0 (en) * 2003-12-03 2004-01-07 Hendrie William J B Avalanche protection system
DE102011006810A1 (de) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Schadenpotentials einer Schneebrettlawine
RU2531852C2 (ru) * 2013-02-11 2014-10-27 Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение "ВЫСОКОГОРНЫЙ ГЕОФИЗИЧЕСКИЙ ИНСТИТУТ" (ФГБУ ВГИ) Способ тестирования устойчивости снежного покрова на лавиноопасных склонах
CN115573278A (zh) * 2022-11-03 2023-01-06 西南交通大学 一种高陡岩质边坡落石的拦截减速消能方法

Family Cites Families (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE369074C (de) 1923-02-14 Joseph Engl Dr Mehrfachroehrenverstaerker mit einer allen Stufen gemeinsamen Kathode
US1144393A (en) * 1915-01-09 1915-06-29 Benjamin F Swezey Device for preventing snow-drifts.
US1184046A (en) * 1916-03-20 1916-05-23 Benjamin F Swezey Device for preventing snow-drifts.
US2134624A (en) * 1936-07-02 1938-10-25 Horace H Royall Snow slide preventer
AT187545B (de) * 1954-04-12 1956-10-25 Vobag A G Fuer Vorgespannten B Schutzbau gegen Lawinen
CH358459A (de) * 1957-05-13 1961-11-30 Vmw Ranshofen Berndorf Ag Schutzbau gegen Rutschungen, insbesondere gegen Lawinen
US3473786A (en) * 1967-06-30 1969-10-21 Robert W Luebke Fencing for controlling accumulation and drifting of snow,sand or other heavier-than-air particles suspended in air currents
US4000618A (en) * 1975-04-28 1977-01-04 Exxon Production Research Company Skimmer fence
DE2910239C2 (de) * 1979-03-15 1981-03-12 Hans 8202 Bad Aibling Ribbert Vorrichtung zum Schutz gegen Steinschlag und Lawinen in gebirgigem Gelände
FR2490693A1 (fr) * 1980-09-25 1982-03-26 Taillandier Jean Michel Barriere a vent auto-orientable
DE3222324C2 (de) * 1982-06-14 1985-08-22 Josef 8298 Pocking Holzbauer Vorrichtung zum Zerteilen von abgehenden Lawinen
CH674998A5 (en) * 1988-07-13 1990-08-15 Streiff Ag Mathias Device for prevention of avalanches - consists of pyramidal structure suspended at end of cable to support snow mass
AT392992B (de) * 1990-04-10 1991-07-25 Bellutti Arthur Verfahren zum verfestigen einer insbesondere geneigten schneedecke und eine einrichtung zur durchfuehrung des verfahrens

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP3652709B2 (ja) 2005-05-25
CA2292493C (en) 2004-05-04
US6382597B1 (en) 2002-05-07
JP2002502471A (ja) 2002-01-22
EP0986675A1 (de) 2000-03-22
DE19722770A1 (de) 1998-12-03
DE59803624D1 (de) 2002-05-08
ATE215642T1 (de) 2002-04-15
ES2175743T3 (es) 2002-11-16
WO1998055698A1 (de) 1998-12-10
CA2292493A1 (en) 1998-12-10

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