EP0980713B1 - Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischer Trennung eines Bruchgutes - Google Patents
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischer Trennung eines Bruchgutes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0980713B1 EP0980713B1 EP98121511A EP98121511A EP0980713B1 EP 0980713 B1 EP0980713 B1 EP 0980713B1 EP 98121511 A EP98121511 A EP 98121511A EP 98121511 A EP98121511 A EP 98121511A EP 0980713 B1 EP0980713 B1 EP 0980713B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- broken
- particles
- broken good
- shells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
- B03C7/02—Separators
- B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for electrostatic separation of a broken product consisting of cocoa nibs and cocoa bean shells, according to the preamble of claim 1.
- cocoa beans are made from a roasting, Sterilization or pre-drying systems are usually combined in one Reflection breaker broken.
- the resulting fractions at cocoa kernel, the So-called nibs and the shells must then be used for further processing Nibs are separated.
- the separation accuracy must be as large as possible because of the quality of the finished cocoa mass is decisively influenced. Maximum are after The current regulations allow 2% shells in the nibs. Furthermore, through the lowest possible proportion of shells in the nibs the service life of the downstream Grinding plants significantly improved.
- the nibs have been separated from the shells by sieving into different ones Fractions and subsequent air separation of the individual fractions.
- the applicant automatically attaches the cocoa beans upstream Machines placed on a large pre-screen and then for crushing and Classification station promoted.
- the cocoa beans broken in the rotary double-throw crusher are separated into six fractions on a classifier.
- the one in a throwing parabola mixture of shells and nibs emerging from the side of the sieve box Fractions separated, in a separate riser.
- a directional air flow, which on the grain size of each franking is matched, achieved according to the principle of countercurrent sifting a good separation of the specifically heavier nibs from the specifically light ones Peel.
- the classifying device has five cascades arranged one behind the other Sieves which divide the cocoa fraction from rough to fine into six fractions.
- the the sieve principle used from coarse to fine results in short paths of the main quantity short contact times and offers microbiological and hygienic advantages.
- Sighting the individual fractions are carried out in six side-by-side risers. Due to the fine stage Splitting the sighting into six fractions will result in a higher separation effect and a more accurate one Sorting achieved with high throughput.
- the air speed each The riser is adjustable for optimal separation.
- the six shell fractions will be then aspirated upwards, separated from the air in six bowl separators and via one shared cup lock discharged. The nibs fall down on one Vibrating discharge chute.
- the above system leads to very good separation results however, it is relatively complex in terms of design and operation.
- DE 19 07 880 A discloses a method and a separator for sorting fine-grained materials Batch known by corona field and electrostatic field, which gives the clue deliver that the separation of a broken material of the type mentioned electrostatically in fractionated form in a charging zone between two differently charged Electrodes is to be carried out, the broken material then falling in free fall in one homogeneous electric field is discharged and the individual fractions at least partially separated by differently strong distractions and then carried away.
- the object of the invention is now the known separation process and the to develop the associated device so that it is for the separation of Cocoa kernel, i.e. nibs, from the cocoa bean shells is suitable and essential for one lower equipment expenditure leads to comparable good separation results and is therefore cheaper.
- the device according to the invention for carrying out the method which is generally a Charging zone for the electrical charging of the broken material to be separated and an attached to it subsequent deflection zone for the electrical discharge of the charged broken material outdoors Case and an adjoining separation zone for separating the at least partially has discharged fragments, characterized in that the charging zone at least one feed hopper for the broken material to be separated and at least one itself adjoining vibrating trough connected to the hopper has that with differently charged, generating a homogeneous electric field Electrodes are provided, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed to be charged electrically, the deflection zone is at least two has further electrodes that limit the free fall distance and that the separation zone has at least one adjustable mechanical separator to which a Conveyor system for the separate product flows, consisting of cocoa kernel (nibs) or heavier broken particles and cocoa bean shells or lighter broken core particles, followed.
- a Conveyor system for the separate product flows consisting of cocoa kernel (nibs) or heavier broken particles and
- the one of the two electrodes delimiting the deflection zone is expediently one grounded cathode and for diverting deflected cocoa bean husks with several equipped with flaps through openings, behind which there is a shaft is located with the transport system for the removal of the cocoa bean husks, i.e. the lighter broken particles, communicates.
- This Electrodes that are assigned to the vibration channel, which can be made of plastic and is lined with metal, are advantageously embedded in the channel so that the one electrode in the channel bottom and the other at a distance above the bottom located so that the broken material to be loaded between the electrodes can be conveyed through.
- the anode of these electrodes lies on a positive one or negative DC voltage.
- vibration channel with an adjustable vibrato drive has proven itself to provide and also to make the feed hopper adjustable in height, whereby the Delivery capacity is largely variable.
- the inner wall of the Vibration trough to provide contours that the mixing of the over it run away particles of the material to be broken, such contours in particular can be hump-like structures.
- an embodiment of the device is particularly advantageous in which the two Electrodes that limit the free fall distance of the discharge zone, capacitor plates form and are coated with an electrically insulating material layer to To prevent recharging processes when the electrodes come into contact with the debris.
- the device can also be provided with a debris moistening device to set the desired moisture levels in the broken material, since the efficiency of the charge transfer depends, among other things, on the moisture content.
- the device with a housing enclose, then in such a housing also multi-stage separation devices can be arranged in series.
- FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of the separation device.
- the broken material 5 is raw or dried in fractional form dried and steamed or roasted or roasted and steamed in one Input hopper 4 entered, the output end in a vibrating or vibrating trough 6th which flows with differently charged, a homogeneous electric field generating electrodes 7, 8 is provided, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed through in order to be electrostatically charged. Feed hopper 4 and vibrating channel 6 together with the electrodes 7, 8 form the charging zone of the Separator.
- the vibration channel 6 is equipped with a vibration drive, not shown, which can be set so that a desired breakage conveyor speed is reached, with the fact that the hopper 4 is adjustable in height, the flow rate the vibratory trough can also be influenced.
- the vibrating channel is on the outside fully electrically insulated. Your wall is made of plastic material, in which the Electrodes 7, 8 are embedded and is lined with metal.
- the inner wall of the Vibration trough is also provided with contours in the form of hump-like structures. which serve to mix the fragments 5 passing over them and the Optimization of the electrical to be transferred to the particles using the electrodes Charge. To optimize this transfer, the formation of a single grain layer aimed at on the vibrating channel floor.
- the bottom-side electrode 7 lies on one DC voltage (U +) of about 20 - 40 kV and represents the anode, while the direct the second metal electrode 8 located above is the grounded cathode and the Charge transfer to the fragments 5 supported.
- the Debris particles namely the nibs and shells
- the Charge sits essentially on the surface of these particles, the transferred one
- the amount of charge is therefore proportional to the size of the particle surface.
- the rate at which charging occurs depends on the electrical conductivity of the Material.
- the charging zone 1 corresponds to the size of the particles to transfer charge because of the size of the electrical charge of the particles for the subsequent separation in the one following the charging zone 1
- Deflection zone 2 is crucial.
- the deflection zone 2 has a free-fall path 11, which is separated from the two electrodes 9, 10 is limited and into which the fragments 5 to be separated from the vibrating trough 6 be dropped.
- One electrode 9 is at the same DC voltage (U +) as that Anode 7 of the vibrating trough, while the cathode 10, which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
- U + DC voltage
- the cathode 10 which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
- There is a homogeneous electric field between the two electrodes 9, 10 E in which the deflection of the charged fragments 5 by those acting in the field Forces F is proportional to their specific charge, i.e. to the ratio of Amount of charge to mass.
- nibs and shells, in the different field forces F acting free fall are these particles that Because of their different electrical conductivity, they also have different sizes Carrying amounts of charge, to different degrees, towards the cathode 10 distracted.
- this is provided with several flaps 17 Through openings 18 equipped, behind which there is a shaft 19 with a slide 14 is located, which with a transport system 13 for removing the shells 16 in Connection is established.
- the nibs 15 from the Shells 16 separated and get in the lower region of the free fall section 11 in the Separation zone 3, in which an adjustable, mechanical separator 12 is arranged which the conveyor system 13 for the separate product streams 15, 16, consisting of Cocoa nibs or heavier fragments 15 and cocoa bean shells or lighter fragments 16.
- the separator 12 shown in the Embodiment has the shape of a flow separating wedge, can be between the Slide electrodes 9, 10 back and forth to ensure the cleanest possible separation of the nibs from to reach the shells. This adjustment process of the separator can be done here Automate facilities not shown.
- the two electrodes 7 and 8 of the deflection zone 2 have an insulating layer coated, otherwise the charged fragments come into contact with the electrodes Charging takes place and the particles back and forth between the electrodes would jump out.
- mechanical ricocheting of the shells as already mentioned above, on the surface of the Cathode 10 avoided in that it with the flap-like openings 18th through which the shells are pulled and thus no longer bounce back can.
- the inventive method shows that the separation of nibs and shells with the help an electrostatic separation device is possible, the forces occurring in electric field of sufficient size and the differences of nibs and shells are sufficient to separate these two fragments.
- the necessary voltages are in the range of 40 kV to 50 kV.
Landscapes
- Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
Description
sein, um gewünschte Feuchtigkeitsgrade im Bruchgut einzustellen, da der Wirkungsgrad der Ladungsübertragung u.a. von dem Feuchtigkeitsgehalt abhängt.
Claims (17)
- Verfahren zur elektrostatischen Trennung eines Bruchgutes, bestehend aus Kakaokernbruch (Nibs) und Kakaobohnenschalen, wobei das Bruchgut in fraktionierter Form in einer Aufladungszone zwischen zwei unterschiedlich geladenen Elektroden elektrisch aufgeladen und anschließend im freien Fall in einem homogenen elektrischen Feld entladen wird und wobei wenigstens teilweise durch unterschiedlich starke Ablenkung der Kernbruch von den Schalen getrennt und danach weggefördert wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Ladungsübergang von den geladenen Elektroden in der Aufladungszone auf das Bruchgut dadurch unterstützt wird, dass der Bruchgutstrom bei seiner Förderung zur Freifallstrecke einer Vibrationsbewegung unterworfen wird, deren Stärke zur Einstellung der Verweilzeit des Bruchgutes in der Aufladungszone und damit der Aufladezeit gesteuert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die leichteren Kernbruchteilchen durch Elektroden in der Freifallstrecke so stark abgelenkt werden, dass sie durch in der Kathode befindliche Öffnungen hindurchtreten und dahinter über einen Schacht dem Schalenproduktstrom zugeführt werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Bruchgut in der Aufladungszone im Bereich der Elektroden mittels einer Vibrations- oder Rütteleinrichtung zur Erreichung einer optimalen elektrischen Aufladung der einzelnen Bruchgutteilchen zu einer Einkornschicht ausgebreitet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennergebnisse durch Änderung des Elektrodenabstandes optimiert werden.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennergebnisse durch Änderung der an die Elektroden angelegten Spannung optimiert werden.
- Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 - 5, mit einer Aufladungszone (1) zur elektrischen Aufladung des zu trennenden Bruchgutes, einer sich daran anschließenden Ablenkzone (2) zur elektrischen Entladung des aufgeladenen Bruchgutes im freien Fall und einer sich daran anschließenden Separationszone (3) zur Trennung der wenigstens teilweise entladenen schweren von den leichteren Bruchgutteilchen sowie zum Abtransport des Bruchgutes, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Aufladungszone (1) wenigstens einen Aufgabetrichter (4) für das zu trennende Bruchgut (5) und wenigstens eine sich daran anschließende und mit dem Trichter in Förderverbindung stehende, mit einem verstellbaren Vibrationsantrieb versehene Vibrationsrinne (6) aufweist, die mit unterschiedlich geladenen, ein homogenes elektrisches Feld erzeugenden Elektroden (7, 8) versehen ist, zwischen denen das zu trennende Bruchgut hindurchgefördert wird, um dabei elektrisch aufgeladen zu werden, dass die Ablenkzone (2) wenigstens zwei weitere Elektroden (9, 10) aufweist, die die Freifallstrecke (11) begrenzen und dass die Separationszone (3) wenigstens einen einstellbaren mechanischen Separator (12) aufweist, an den sich ein Fördersystem (13) für die getrennten Produktströme (15, 16), bestehend aus Kakaokembruch (Nibs) oder schwereren Bruchgutteilchen (15) und Kakaobohnenschalen oder leichteren Kernbruchteilchen (16), anschließt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die eine der beiden die Ablenkzone (2) begrenzenden Elektroden (9, 10) eine geerdete Kathode ist und zur Ableitung von abgelenkten Kakaobohnenschalen (16) mehrere mit Klappen (17) versehene Durchgangsöffnungen (18) aufweist, hinter denen sich ein Schacht (19) befindet, der mit dem Transportsystem (13) zum Abtransport der Kakaobohnenschalen (16) in Verbindung steht.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der beiden Elektroden (7, 8), mit denen die Vibrationsrinne (6) versehen ist, als geerdete Kathode ausgebildet ist, die den Ladungsübergang auf die Bruchgutteilchen unterstützt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Aufgabetrichter (4) höhenverstellbar ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vibrationsrinne (6) nach außen vollständig elektrisch isoliert ist und mit einer der Elektroden (7,8) an der gleichen Spannung liegt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektroden (7, 8), die der Vibrationsrinne (6) zugeordnet sind, in die aus Kunststoff bestehende und mit Metall ausgekleidete Rinne eingebettet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Innenwandung der Vibrationsrinne (6) mit Konturen versehen ist, die der Durchmischung der über sie hinweglaufenden Teilchen (5) des Bruchguts dienen.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Konturen höckerartige Gebilde sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die beiden Elektroden (9, 10), die die Freifallstrecke der Ablenkzone (2) begrenzen, Kondensatorplatten bilden und mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Materialschicht überzogen sind, um Umladungsvorgänge beim Kontakt mit den Bruchgutteilchen zu verhindern.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie mit einer Bruchgutbefeuchtungseinrichtung versehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie von einem Gehäuse umschlossen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 6 - 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mehrere derartige Vorrichtungen zur Bildung einer mehrstufigen Trenneinrichtung hintereinandergeschaltet sind oder zur Trennung verschiedener Teilchenfraktionen parallelgeschaltet sind.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19837635 | 1998-08-19 | ||
DE19837635 | 1998-08-19 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0980713A1 EP0980713A1 (de) | 2000-02-23 |
EP0980713B1 true EP0980713B1 (de) | 2003-01-02 |
Family
ID=7878033
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP98121511A Expired - Lifetime EP0980713B1 (de) | 1998-08-19 | 1998-11-13 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur elektrostatischer Trennung eines Bruchgutes |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0980713B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2000061359A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE230307T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE19912462A1 (de) |
DK (1) | DK0980713T3 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2190031T3 (de) |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE29905061U1 (de) * | 1999-03-19 | 1999-06-02 | Lehmann Maschf F B | Vorrichtung zur Trennung eines Bruchgutes |
DE10154462A1 (de) | 2001-11-08 | 2003-05-22 | Buehler Ag | Verfahren zum Isolieren von Aleuronteilchen |
JP2010119911A (ja) * | 2008-11-17 | 2010-06-03 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | 静電選別方法および静電選別装置 |
FR2943561B1 (fr) | 2009-03-27 | 2011-05-20 | Apr2 | Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre |
CN105028200A (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2015-11-11 | 武汉轻工大学 | 一种植物人工种子生产装置及方法 |
WO2019046234A1 (en) * | 2017-08-28 | 2019-03-07 | Separation Technologies Llc | METHOD FOR SEPARATING DRY FOOD AND FOOD MATERIALS USING A TRIBOELECTROSTATIC SEPARATOR DEVICE |
CN112718521A (zh) * | 2020-11-24 | 2021-04-30 | 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 | 一种物料分离系统及方法 |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2135716A (en) * | 1937-02-27 | 1938-11-08 | Ritter Products Corp | Method and apparatus for separating foodstuff of the nature of cocoa beans |
US2803344A (en) * | 1954-11-18 | 1957-08-20 | Creighton H Morrison | Middlings separator |
DE1907880C3 (de) * | 1968-11-11 | 1974-05-09 | Akademie Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr, X 1199 Berlin | Verfahren und Scheider zum Sortieren feinkörniger Gemenge durch Koronafeld und elektrostatisches Feld |
-
1998
- 1998-11-13 AT AT98121511T patent/ATE230307T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-11-13 ES ES98121511T patent/ES2190031T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-11-13 DK DK98121511T patent/DK0980713T3/da active
- 1998-11-13 EP EP98121511A patent/EP0980713B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1999
- 1999-01-21 JP JP11012776A patent/JP2000061359A/ja active Pending
- 1999-03-19 DE DE19912462A patent/DE19912462A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE19912462A1 (de) | 2000-02-24 |
JP2000061359A (ja) | 2000-02-29 |
ATE230307T1 (de) | 2003-01-15 |
ES2190031T3 (es) | 2003-07-16 |
DK0980713T3 (da) | 2003-03-31 |
EP0980713A1 (de) | 2000-02-23 |
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