EP0980713B1 - Procédé et appareil pour séparer électrostatiquement un produit fractionné - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil pour séparer électrostatiquement un produit fractionné Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0980713B1
EP0980713B1 EP98121511A EP98121511A EP0980713B1 EP 0980713 B1 EP0980713 B1 EP 0980713B1 EP 98121511 A EP98121511 A EP 98121511A EP 98121511 A EP98121511 A EP 98121511A EP 0980713 B1 EP0980713 B1 EP 0980713B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrodes
broken
particles
broken good
shells
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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EP98121511A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0980713A1 (fr
Inventor
Joachim Dipl.-Ing. Essig (Fh)
Olaf Dipl.-Ing. Oehmichen (Fh)
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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F B Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C7/00—Separating solids from solids by electrostatic effect
    • B03C7/02—Separators
    • B03C7/12—Separators with material falling free

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for electrostatic separation of a broken product consisting of cocoa nibs and cocoa bean shells, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • cocoa beans are made from a roasting, Sterilization or pre-drying systems are usually combined in one Reflection breaker broken.
  • the resulting fractions at cocoa kernel, the So-called nibs and the shells must then be used for further processing Nibs are separated.
  • the separation accuracy must be as large as possible because of the quality of the finished cocoa mass is decisively influenced. Maximum are after The current regulations allow 2% shells in the nibs. Furthermore, through the lowest possible proportion of shells in the nibs the service life of the downstream Grinding plants significantly improved.
  • the nibs have been separated from the shells by sieving into different ones Fractions and subsequent air separation of the individual fractions.
  • the applicant automatically attaches the cocoa beans upstream Machines placed on a large pre-screen and then for crushing and Classification station promoted.
  • the cocoa beans broken in the rotary double-throw crusher are separated into six fractions on a classifier.
  • the one in a throwing parabola mixture of shells and nibs emerging from the side of the sieve box Fractions separated, in a separate riser.
  • a directional air flow, which on the grain size of each franking is matched, achieved according to the principle of countercurrent sifting a good separation of the specifically heavier nibs from the specifically light ones Peel.
  • the classifying device has five cascades arranged one behind the other Sieves which divide the cocoa fraction from rough to fine into six fractions.
  • the the sieve principle used from coarse to fine results in short paths of the main quantity short contact times and offers microbiological and hygienic advantages.
  • Sighting the individual fractions are carried out in six side-by-side risers. Due to the fine stage Splitting the sighting into six fractions will result in a higher separation effect and a more accurate one Sorting achieved with high throughput.
  • the air speed each The riser is adjustable for optimal separation.
  • the six shell fractions will be then aspirated upwards, separated from the air in six bowl separators and via one shared cup lock discharged. The nibs fall down on one Vibrating discharge chute.
  • the above system leads to very good separation results however, it is relatively complex in terms of design and operation.
  • DE 19 07 880 A discloses a method and a separator for sorting fine-grained materials Batch known by corona field and electrostatic field, which gives the clue deliver that the separation of a broken material of the type mentioned electrostatically in fractionated form in a charging zone between two differently charged Electrodes is to be carried out, the broken material then falling in free fall in one homogeneous electric field is discharged and the individual fractions at least partially separated by differently strong distractions and then carried away.
  • the object of the invention is now the known separation process and the to develop the associated device so that it is for the separation of Cocoa kernel, i.e. nibs, from the cocoa bean shells is suitable and essential for one lower equipment expenditure leads to comparable good separation results and is therefore cheaper.
  • the device according to the invention for carrying out the method which is generally a Charging zone for the electrical charging of the broken material to be separated and an attached to it subsequent deflection zone for the electrical discharge of the charged broken material outdoors Case and an adjoining separation zone for separating the at least partially has discharged fragments, characterized in that the charging zone at least one feed hopper for the broken material to be separated and at least one itself adjoining vibrating trough connected to the hopper has that with differently charged, generating a homogeneous electric field Electrodes are provided, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed to be charged electrically, the deflection zone is at least two has further electrodes that limit the free fall distance and that the separation zone has at least one adjustable mechanical separator to which a Conveyor system for the separate product flows, consisting of cocoa kernel (nibs) or heavier broken particles and cocoa bean shells or lighter broken core particles, followed.
  • a Conveyor system for the separate product flows consisting of cocoa kernel (nibs) or heavier broken particles and
  • the one of the two electrodes delimiting the deflection zone is expediently one grounded cathode and for diverting deflected cocoa bean husks with several equipped with flaps through openings, behind which there is a shaft is located with the transport system for the removal of the cocoa bean husks, i.e. the lighter broken particles, communicates.
  • This Electrodes that are assigned to the vibration channel, which can be made of plastic and is lined with metal, are advantageously embedded in the channel so that the one electrode in the channel bottom and the other at a distance above the bottom located so that the broken material to be loaded between the electrodes can be conveyed through.
  • the anode of these electrodes lies on a positive one or negative DC voltage.
  • vibration channel with an adjustable vibrato drive has proven itself to provide and also to make the feed hopper adjustable in height, whereby the Delivery capacity is largely variable.
  • the inner wall of the Vibration trough to provide contours that the mixing of the over it run away particles of the material to be broken, such contours in particular can be hump-like structures.
  • an embodiment of the device is particularly advantageous in which the two Electrodes that limit the free fall distance of the discharge zone, capacitor plates form and are coated with an electrically insulating material layer to To prevent recharging processes when the electrodes come into contact with the debris.
  • the device can also be provided with a debris moistening device to set the desired moisture levels in the broken material, since the efficiency of the charge transfer depends, among other things, on the moisture content.
  • the device with a housing enclose, then in such a housing also multi-stage separation devices can be arranged in series.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of an embodiment of the separation device.
  • the broken material 5 is raw or dried in fractional form dried and steamed or roasted or roasted and steamed in one Input hopper 4 entered, the output end in a vibrating or vibrating trough 6th which flows with differently charged, a homogeneous electric field generating electrodes 7, 8 is provided, between which the broken material to be separated is conveyed through in order to be electrostatically charged. Feed hopper 4 and vibrating channel 6 together with the electrodes 7, 8 form the charging zone of the Separator.
  • the vibration channel 6 is equipped with a vibration drive, not shown, which can be set so that a desired breakage conveyor speed is reached, with the fact that the hopper 4 is adjustable in height, the flow rate the vibratory trough can also be influenced.
  • the vibrating channel is on the outside fully electrically insulated. Your wall is made of plastic material, in which the Electrodes 7, 8 are embedded and is lined with metal.
  • the inner wall of the Vibration trough is also provided with contours in the form of hump-like structures. which serve to mix the fragments 5 passing over them and the Optimization of the electrical to be transferred to the particles using the electrodes Charge. To optimize this transfer, the formation of a single grain layer aimed at on the vibrating channel floor.
  • the bottom-side electrode 7 lies on one DC voltage (U +) of about 20 - 40 kV and represents the anode, while the direct the second metal electrode 8 located above is the grounded cathode and the Charge transfer to the fragments 5 supported.
  • the Debris particles namely the nibs and shells
  • the Charge sits essentially on the surface of these particles, the transferred one
  • the amount of charge is therefore proportional to the size of the particle surface.
  • the rate at which charging occurs depends on the electrical conductivity of the Material.
  • the charging zone 1 corresponds to the size of the particles to transfer charge because of the size of the electrical charge of the particles for the subsequent separation in the one following the charging zone 1
  • Deflection zone 2 is crucial.
  • the deflection zone 2 has a free-fall path 11, which is separated from the two electrodes 9, 10 is limited and into which the fragments 5 to be separated from the vibrating trough 6 be dropped.
  • One electrode 9 is at the same DC voltage (U +) as that Anode 7 of the vibrating trough, while the cathode 10, which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
  • U + DC voltage
  • the cathode 10 which is opposite at a distance is grounded.
  • There is a homogeneous electric field between the two electrodes 9, 10 E in which the deflection of the charged fragments 5 by those acting in the field Forces F is proportional to their specific charge, i.e. to the ratio of Amount of charge to mass.
  • nibs and shells, in the different field forces F acting free fall are these particles that Because of their different electrical conductivity, they also have different sizes Carrying amounts of charge, to different degrees, towards the cathode 10 distracted.
  • this is provided with several flaps 17 Through openings 18 equipped, behind which there is a shaft 19 with a slide 14 is located, which with a transport system 13 for removing the shells 16 in Connection is established.
  • the nibs 15 from the Shells 16 separated and get in the lower region of the free fall section 11 in the Separation zone 3, in which an adjustable, mechanical separator 12 is arranged which the conveyor system 13 for the separate product streams 15, 16, consisting of Cocoa nibs or heavier fragments 15 and cocoa bean shells or lighter fragments 16.
  • the separator 12 shown in the Embodiment has the shape of a flow separating wedge, can be between the Slide electrodes 9, 10 back and forth to ensure the cleanest possible separation of the nibs from to reach the shells. This adjustment process of the separator can be done here Automate facilities not shown.
  • the two electrodes 7 and 8 of the deflection zone 2 have an insulating layer coated, otherwise the charged fragments come into contact with the electrodes Charging takes place and the particles back and forth between the electrodes would jump out.
  • mechanical ricocheting of the shells as already mentioned above, on the surface of the Cathode 10 avoided in that it with the flap-like openings 18th through which the shells are pulled and thus no longer bounce back can.
  • the inventive method shows that the separation of nibs and shells with the help an electrostatic separation device is possible, the forces occurring in electric field of sufficient size and the differences of nibs and shells are sufficient to separate these two fragments.
  • the necessary voltages are in the range of 40 kV to 50 kV.

Landscapes

  • Electrostatic Separation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)

Claims (17)

  1. Procédé destiné à la séparation électrostatique de fèves concassées se composant de brisures de fèves de cacao (nibs) et de coques de fèves de cacao, dans lequel les fèves concassées sont chargées électriquement sous une forme fractionnée dans une zone de charge entre deux électrodes chargées différemment et sont ensuite déchargées lors d'une chute libre dans un champ électrique homogène et au cours duquel les brisures de fèves sont séparées au moins partiellement des coques par une déviation de force différente et sont ensuite évacuées, caractérisé en ce que la transition de charge des électrodes chargées dans la zone de charge sur les fèves concassées est renforcée par le fait que le flux de fèves concassées lors de son transport vers la section de chute libre est soumis à un mouvement de vibrations dont la force est commandée afin de régler le temps de séjour des fèves concassées dans la zone de charge et ainsi le temps de charge.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les particules plus légères de brisures de fèves sont si fortement déviées par les électrodes dans la section de chute libre qu'elles passent à travers des ouvertures situées dans la cathode et que derrière ces ouvertures elles sont amenées via un puits au flux de coques.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les fèves concassées au niveau des électrodes dans la zone de charge sont étalées pour former une couche monogranulaire au moyen d'un dispositif à vibrations ou à secousses afin d'obtenir une charge électrique optimale des différentes particules de fèves concassées.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les résultats de la séparation sont optimisés en modifiant la distance entre les électrodes.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que les résultats de la séparation sont optimisés en modifiant la tension appliquée sur les électrodes.
  6. Dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, avec une zone de charge (1) destinée à charger électriquement les fèves concassées à séparer, avec une zone de déviation (2) contiguë destinée à la décharge électrique lors de la chute libre des fèves concassées chargées et avec une zone de séparation (3) contiguë destinée à séparer les particules de fèves concassées plus lourdes au moins partiellement chargées de celles plus légères et destinée à évacuer les fèves concassées, caractérisé en ce que la zone de charge (1) présente au moins une trémie d'alimentation (4) pour les fèves concassées (5) à séparer et au moins une goulotte à vibrations (6) contiguë, intégrée dans un système de convoyage avec la trémie, pourvue d'un entraínement à vibrations réglable et laquelle goulotte est pourvue d'électrodes (7, 8) chargées de manière différente et générant un champ électrique homogène, entre lesquelles les fèves concassées à séparer sont transportées afin d'être ainsi chargées électriquement, en ce que la zone de déviation (2) présente au moins deux autres électrodes (9, 10) qui limitent la section de chute libre (11) et en ce que la zone de séparation (3) présente au moins un séparateur mécanique réglable (12) auquel se raccorde un système de convoyage (13) pour les flux de produits séparés (15, 16) se composant de brisures de fèves de cacao (nibs) ou de particules de fèves concassées plus lourdes (15) et de coques de fèves de cacao ou de particules de fèves concassées plus légères (16).
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que l'une des deux électrodes (9, 10) limitant la zone de déviation (2) est une cathode mise à la terre et présente afin de détourner les coques de fèves de cacao (16) déviées plusieurs ouvertures de passage pourvues de volets (17), derrière lesquelles se trouve un puits (19) qui est relié au système de transport (13) afin d'évacuer les coques de fèves de cacao (16).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce qu'une des deux électrodes (7, 8), dont est pourvue la goulotte à vibrations (6), est formée d'une cathode mise à la terre qui renforce la transition de charge sur les particules de fèves concassées.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la trémie d'alimentation (4) est réglable en hauteur.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé en ce que la goulotte à vibrations (6) est entièrement isolée électriquement de l'extérieur et est à la même tension que l'une des électrodes (7, 8).
  11. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que les électrodes (7, 8) qui sont associées à la goulotte à vibrations (6) sont encastrées dans la goulotte faite de matière synthétique et revêtue de métal.
  12. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la paroi interne de la goulotte à vibrations (6) est pourvue de contours qui servent à mélanger fortement les particules (5) de fèves concassées s'écoulant sur cette paroi.
  13. Dispositif selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les contours sont des formations bosselées.
  14. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 13, caractérisé en ce que les deux électrodes (9, 10), qui limitent la section de chute libre de la zone de déviation (2), forment des plaques de condensateur et sont recouvertes d'une couche d'un matériau isolant électrique afin d'empêcher des processus d'inversion de charge en cas de contact avec les particules de fèves concassées.
  15. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu d'une installation d'humidification des fèves concassées.
  16. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il est entouré par une enveloppe.
  17. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 à 16, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs dispositifs de ce genre sont installés l'un derrière l'autre afin de former une installation de séparation à plusieurs étages, ou sont installés en parallèle afin de séparer différentes fractions de particules.
EP98121511A 1998-08-19 1998-11-13 Procédé et appareil pour séparer électrostatiquement un produit fractionné Expired - Lifetime EP0980713B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19837635 1998-08-19
DE19837635 1998-08-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0980713A1 EP0980713A1 (fr) 2000-02-23
EP0980713B1 true EP0980713B1 (fr) 2003-01-02

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98121511A Expired - Lifetime EP0980713B1 (fr) 1998-08-19 1998-11-13 Procédé et appareil pour séparer électrostatiquement un produit fractionné

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EP (1) EP0980713B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2000061359A (fr)
AT (1) ATE230307T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE19912462A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0980713T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2190031T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE29905061U1 (de) * 1999-03-19 1999-06-02 F.B. Lehmann Maschinenfabrik GmbH, 73431 Aalen Vorrichtung zur Trennung eines Bruchgutes
DE10154462A1 (de) * 2001-11-08 2003-05-22 Buehler Ag Verfahren zum Isolieren von Aleuronteilchen
JP2010119911A (ja) * 2008-11-17 2010-06-03 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 静電選別方法および静電選別装置
FR2943561B1 (fr) 2009-03-27 2011-05-20 Apr2 Procede de separation electrostatique d'un melange de granules de materiaux differents et dispositif de mise en oeuvre
CN105028200A (zh) * 2015-07-09 2015-11-11 武汉轻工大学 一种植物人工种子生产装置及方法
UA126926C2 (uk) * 2017-08-28 2023-02-22 Сепарейшн Текнолоджиз Елелсі Спосіб розділення речовин, які входять до складу сухих харчових продуктів і кормів, із застосуванням трибоелектростатичного сепараторного пристрою
CN112718521A (zh) * 2020-11-24 2021-04-30 国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院 一种物料分离系统及方法

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2135716A (en) * 1937-02-27 1938-11-08 Ritter Products Corp Method and apparatus for separating foodstuff of the nature of cocoa beans
US2803344A (en) * 1954-11-18 1957-08-20 Creighton H Morrison Middlings separator
DE1907880C3 (de) * 1968-11-11 1974-05-09 Akademie Der Wissenschaften Der Ddr, X 1199 Berlin Verfahren und Scheider zum Sortieren feinkörniger Gemenge durch Koronafeld und elektrostatisches Feld

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0980713T3 (da) 2003-03-31
EP0980713A1 (fr) 2000-02-23
DE19912462A1 (de) 2000-02-24
JP2000061359A (ja) 2000-02-29
ATE230307T1 (de) 2003-01-15
ES2190031T3 (es) 2003-07-16

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