EP0970457B1 - Dispositif et procede destine a la detection de neige et de glace - Google Patents

Dispositif et procede destine a la detection de neige et de glace Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0970457B1
EP0970457B1 EP98912386A EP98912386A EP0970457B1 EP 0970457 B1 EP0970457 B1 EP 0970457B1 EP 98912386 A EP98912386 A EP 98912386A EP 98912386 A EP98912386 A EP 98912386A EP 0970457 B1 EP0970457 B1 EP 0970457B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
heating element
current
temperature
humidity sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98912386A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0970457A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Latarius
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Tekmar GmbH
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Tekmar GmbH
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B19/00—Alarms responsive to two or more different undesired or abnormal conditions, e.g. burglary and fire, abnormal temperature and abnormal rate of flow
    • G08B19/02—Alarm responsive to formation or anticipated formation of ice

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a snow and ice alarm device with a humidity sensor to which a heating circuit is assigned and one as a function of a moisture sensor measured variable controlled evaluation circuit that at predetermined Humidity values a switching and / or control signal produce.
  • the invention further relates to a method for Operation of the snow and ice alarm system.
  • DE 40 32 734 C1 describes a snow and ice detection device known for controlling a heating system.
  • This Facility prevents snow and ice formation on limited Road areas, ramps or roofs.
  • Moisture is at least two exposed electrodes thereby found that there is a resistance between the electrode assembly measured and when falling below a predetermined Resistance value moisture is signaled.
  • a heating element in or on the moisture electrodes be arranged so that an adjacent layer of ice and snow melted and converted into electrically conductive water becomes.
  • a Temperature sensor that detects ambient or surface temperature required.
  • the humidity sensor develops after falling below a "critical" temperature value (close to 0 ° C) Moisture signal, so the switching or control signal is generated and the associated heating system switched on because of snow or Ice formation can be assumed.
  • This well-known establishment is characterized by high accuracy and has proven in practice. However, it has not been easy so far possible to be exposed to constant environmental influences metallic moisture electrodes from corrosion. pollution and / or to protect short circuits from the outside.
  • the operational Reliability of the well-known ice and snow detector therefore depends on periodic maintenance and cleaning work from. Such work may only be of Specialist personnel can be carried out and, above all, complex if the humidity sensor is relatively difficult to access, for example in a gutter. Also a tight encapsulation the electrical components of the known humidity sensor is not easy to implement because of the metallic Electrodes must be exposed.
  • the invention has for its object a snow and To provide ice reporting facilities at the a reliable function with significantly reduced maintenance and low production costs guaranteed is.
  • this object is inventively solved in that an ambient temperature sensor in a Control circuit is arranged, which at the humidity sensor Detection of a temperature within a specified temperature range activated; that the humidity sensor is a PTC heating element has, whose current consumption as a measure of the Moisture is used; and that the two sensors in mutual distance in an elongated sensor cartridge are arranged such that the temperature sensor of the PCT heating element is thermally decoupled.
  • the invention is based on the use of a moisture sensor with maintenance-intensive exposed moisture electrodes.
  • the invention uses the temperature-dependent current consumption of a PTC resistor or heating element for moisture measurement.
  • This PTC heating element can be produced very inexpensively in the form of a pill which is installed in a heat-conducting capsule, for example a metal or glass sleeve.
  • the current consumption of a PTC heating element or resistor is dependent not only on its ambient temperature, but also on its energy output to the environment.
  • the heat transfer between solid bodies and gaseous media is significantly worse than that between solid bodies and liquid media.
  • the heat dissipation from the PTC heating element by air (with a dry sensor) is significantly worse than through a damp or even liquid ambient atmosphere.
  • the diagram according to FIG. A was recorded in an ambient temperature window between + 5 ° C. and -20 ° C. Data were recorded at an operating voltage of 12V the following currents Feeler dry, calm 100 ... 120mA Feeler dry, strong wind 140 ... 170mA / Feeler moist 190 ... 200mA Feeler very wet 200 ... 250mA.
  • a significant advantage of the invention also lies in the special training of the entire sensor combination in one elongated feeler cartridge.
  • the sensor cartridge has overall small dimensions and can be easily on one suitable location of the area to be monitored for snow and ice formation Install zone.
  • the humidity sensor is always there in the so-called distal area of the elongated sensor cartridge arranged while the ambient temperature sensor is spaced from the moisture sensor and thermally decoupled.
  • the heating effect of the PTC heating element influences the detection of the ambient temperature the temperature sensor not; nevertheless, both sensors can be admitted in the sensor cartridge unite in a compact unit.
  • the sensor cartridge formed as a plastic tube on one End a cable entry and in its opposite End area the PTC heating element in a metal or glass sleeve is arranged.
  • the plastic tube has at the distal end an opening at which the thermally conductive sleeve or Shell of the PTC heating element is exposed to the environment and the Possibility to dissipate heat.
  • the ambient temperature sensor is close to the cable entry, i.e. away from the PTC heating element arranged in the plastic tube.
  • Snow and ice reporting facilities are usually one Defrosting heater controlled.
  • This can for example, be installed in a roof and ensure that the roof is reliable from larger masses of snow is kept free.
  • the advantage of such roof heating is in addition to avoiding dangerous ice and snow roof avalanches the possibility of permanent relief of the Roof construction and thus for the lighter and cheaper Roof design.
  • the control circuit closes the Invention the measuring circuit of the moisture sensor.
  • the humidity sensor is therefore only subjected to current if the Ambient temperature is in a critical range close to 0 ° C, if there is any danger of snow and ice formation consists.
  • the control circuit After switching on the power to the PTC heating element the latter initially has a very high and of the moisture consumption is largely independent of the humidity.
  • a lead time lock activated by the control circuit effective which triggers the switching and / or Control signal over a predetermined period of time locks until the PTC heating element is a steady Has reached operating state.
  • the temperature windows of both the ambient temperature sensor are preferably as well as the humidity sensor.
  • the method according to the invention for snow and ice reporting uses the snow and ice reporting system described above and is characterized by the invention characterizing features of claim 12.
  • the device 1 shows an embodiment the snow and ice reporting device according to the invention 1.
  • the device 1 is used in the illustrated embodiment to activate a load relay 3.
  • the latter closes the operating circuit 5 when activated Heating device, for example surface heating, the to defrost a roof or gutter.
  • the Heater is powered from a mains power source that also an operating current source 10 for the Schr.ee and ice reporting device 1 supplied. As can be seen, it is from the Operating current source 10 generated operating voltage a low voltage of 12Vac or dc.
  • An essential part of the new snow and ice alarm system 1 is a sensor arrangement 11 with an ambient temperature sensor 12 and one as a PTC heating element or -Resistance trained moisture sensor 13. Training the sensor arrangement is explained below with reference to FIG. 2.
  • the sensor arrangement 11 is in an elongated, tubular sensor cartridge 14 installed.
  • the sensor cartridge 14 consists of a poorly heat-conducting material, preferably made of plastic.
  • a connecting cable 15 is over a cable entry 16 at one end of the pipe into the interior the sensor cartridge 14 introduced.
  • the ambient temperature sensor is designed as a PTC resistor and on the cable entry 16 adjacent end region of the sensor cartridge 14 arranged so that the ambient temperature through its thin wall can record relatively quickly and accurately.
  • the Moisture sensor 13 designed as a PTC heating element is on the the cable entry 16 opposite end of the elongated Sensor cartridge 14 arranged, in one such a distance from the ambient temperature sensor 12 that the latter unaffected by the heating energy of the PTC heating element, is thermally decoupled from the heating element.
  • the PTC heating element is moisture proof in a metal or Glass sleeve arranged.
  • the latter lies through a window-like Opening 17 in the plastic tube 14 open to the outside.
  • the from the PTC heating element when the humidity sensor is activated generated heat can therefore without significant transition losses through which the heating element receiving metal or Glass sleeve are discharged to the environment.
  • the ambient temperature measurement by the temperature sensor 12 is in the ice and snow reporting device described 1 the primary measurement and control variable. Only when falling below close to a "critical" ambient temperature value 0 ° C there is a risk of snow and ice formation. But it can also be assumed that below one very low temperature in the described embodiment in a setting range from -5 ° C to -20 ° C no ice formation takes place.
  • a temperature evaluation device 20 is in the described embodiment with two adjustable limit switches 21 and 22 provided, one of which for setting an upper Limit temperature between -3 ° C and + 5 ° C and the other 22 for Setting a lower limit temperature between -20 ° C and -5 ° C is used.
  • the ambient temperature signal is the temperature evaluation device 20 fed via a line 24 and with the temperature window set on 21 and 22 compared.
  • the temperature evaluation device remains outside the temperature window 20 inactive.
  • the humidity sensor forming PTC heating element 13 remains off as long as the ambient temperature outside the set temperature window is and no switching signal at the output 25 of the Temperature evaluation device 20 is present.
  • the temperature evaluation device 20 a switching signal on line 25.
  • This switching signal closes a PTC control switch 26 the operating circuit 30 of the PTC heating element, which starts to heat up immediately.
  • the current consumption of the PTC heating element can be via a current evaluation device 31 recorded and taking into account the A as a measure of the humidity in the environment of the moisture sensor 13 can be used.
  • the Current draw of the PTC heating element is during an initial Swing-in phase not a reproducible measure for the Humidity environment of the PTC sensor 13. To avoid Incorrect measurements or falsifications are therefore described Embodiment of FIG.
  • one of the signal on the line 25 activated lead time block 33 is provided, which is coupled to the current evaluation device 31 and. the latter over a predetermined time after generation of the signal on line 25 blocks.
  • the PTC heating element in a period of 3 to 5 minutes. usually at the latest after 4 minutes, his steady Operating status reached.
  • the lead time lock 33 is therefore in the described embodiment to 4 minutes set. After that, the current consumption is reliable Measure for damp or dry environmental conditions.
  • the moisture sensitivity of the current evaluation device 31 can be set with the aid of an actuator 32.
  • the evaluation device 31 develops a switching and / or Control signal on the output line 35. With this Switching or control signal is the load relay 3 and thus the surface heating 7 activated.
  • a holding circuit 36 is arranged, by means of which the Control input 38 of the load relay 3 via an adjustable Minimum time is kept activated as soon as at the exit of the Current evaluation device 31 a switching or control signal pending.
  • This heating time can be set using a suitable heating timer 37 entered the holding circuit 36 become.
  • the temperature indicator lights up if the ambient temperature in that by the limit switch predetermined temperature interval.
  • the moisture indicator lights up when there is a switching or control signal on the Line 35 is developed.
  • the lead time indicator lights up as long as the lead time lock is in effect.
  • the network display denotes the operational state of the overall system, and the heating indicator shows the activation of the Load relay 3 and thus the surface heating 7.
  • the sensor assembly 11 can Measured value recording even in hard to reach places, such as in gutters or in the area of high antennas or parabolic mirrors respectively.
  • the sensor arrangement requires practically none Maintenance because of the sensor connections and electrical components encapsulated corrosion-free and moisture-proof are.
  • the current consumption of the temperature sensor is extremely low; the PTC sensor 13 also has a low energy consumption and is only switched on when the possibility there is snow and ice formation.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Electric Means (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Defrosting Systems (AREA)
  • Cleaning Of Streets, Tracks, Or Beaches (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Fluid Adsorption Or Reactions (AREA)
  • Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Dispositif de signalisation de neige et de glace comportant un capteur d'humidité auquel est associé un circuit de chauffage, et un montage d'exploitation qui est commandé en fonction d'une grandeur mesurée par le capteur d'humidité et, pour des valeurs fixées d'humidité, produit un signal de commutation et/ou de commande,
       caractérisé par le fait    qu'un capteur de température ambiante est placé dans un montage de commande qui active le capteur d'humidité en cas de saisie d'une température dans un domaine fixé de températures,
       que le capteur d'humidité présente un élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif dont l'absorption de courant est utilisée comme mesure de l'humidité, et
       que les deux capteurs sont placés à distance l'art de l'autre dans une cartouche allongée de façon telle que le capteur de température soit découplé thermiquement de l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif.
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la cartouche à capteurs est constituée d'un tube en plastique à une extrémité duquel est placée une entrée de câble et dans la zone d'extrémité opposée duquel l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif est placé dans une douille métallique ou en verre.
  3. Dispositif selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le capteur de température est placé dans le tube en plastique près de l'entrée de câble et à distance de l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif.
  4. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que le montage de commande commande un interrupteur qui ferme le circuit de mesure du capteur d'humidité.
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait qu'au circuit de mesure est associé un récepteur de courant ayant un émetteur de valeur limite, et que dans le cas d'une absorption de courant de l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif dépassant la valeur limite, le signal de commutation et/ou de commande peut être déclenché.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'en aval du récepteur de courant est monté un générateur de signaux d'horloge réglable qui maintient le signal de commutation et/ou de commande pendant une durée préréglée.
  7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé par le fait que le signal de commutation et/ou de commande commande par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur constitué de préférence d'un relais de charge un dispositif de chauffage et/ou d'avertissement qui sert au dégel.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé par le fait que le montage de commande active en plus un blocage temporisé de mise en route qui bloque le déclenchement du signal de commutation et/ou de commande pendant un laps de temps fixé, jusqu'à ce que l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif atteigne un état de fonctionnement transitoire.
  9. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que le capteur de température ambiante présente des moyens de fixation d'une température limite supérieure et/ou inférieure et que le capteur d'humidité peut être activé en cas de dépassement d'une température limite supérieure.
  10. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que des moyens visuels d'indication sont couplés chacun à une sortie au moins du montage de commande et du montage d'exploitation.
  11. Dispositif selon la revendication 10, caractérisé par le fait que des moyens visuels d'indication sont couplés en plus à une source de courant de fonctionnement et à une commande de chauffage.
  12. Procédé de signalisation de neige et de glace au moyen d'un dispositif selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11,
       caractérisé par le fait    qu'un capteur d'humidité contenant un élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif et un capteur de température ambiante sont placés à distance l'un de l'autre et découplés thermiquement dans une cartouche allongée,
       que la cartouche à capteurs est plongée dans une zone surveillée menacée par la neige et la glace, le capteur de température ambiante saisissant la température ambiante,
       que le circuit de chauffage de l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif est activé en fonction du dépassement d'une température limite préréglée, et
       que le courant dans le circuit de chauffage du capteur d'humidité à coefficient de température positif est lu, et en cas de dépassement d'un courant limite fixé, un signal de commutation et/ou de commande est déclenché.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, caractérisé par le fait qu'une fenêtre de température est fixée entre + 5 °C et -20 °C et le circuit de chauffage de l'élément chauffant n'est activé que dans cette fenêtre.
  14. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé par le fait qu'avec le signal de commutation et/ou de commande est activé un dispositif de chauffage chauffant un toit, une ou plusieurs gouttières et/ou un ou plusieurs miroirs paraboliques.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 14, caractérisé par le fait qu'un temps d'activation minimal du chauffage de surface est préréglé.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que le courant qui passe dans l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif est mesuré et le signal de commutation et/ou de commande est déclenché en fonction d'une valeur limite d'intensité avec le capteur d'humidité activé.
  17. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 à 16, caractérisé par le fait qu'en cas de dépassement d'une valeur limite supérieure de température est déclenché un blocage temporisé de mise en route avec lequel l'émission du signal de commutation et/ou de commande est bloquée pendant un temps fixé, jusqu'à ce que la température ou l'absorption de courant de l'élément chauffant à coefficient de température positif se trouve dans un état transitoire.
  18. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 12 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que les états de fonctionnement du capteur de température ambiante et/ou du capteur d'humidité et/ou d'un chauffage et/ou d'un temps de mise en route et la présence de la tension du réseau sont visualisés.
EP98912386A 1997-03-19 1998-02-25 Dispositif et procede destine a la detection de neige et de glace Expired - Lifetime EP0970457B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19711371 1997-03-19
DE19711371A DE19711371C1 (de) 1997-03-19 1997-03-19 Einrichtung und Verfahren zur Schnee- und Eismeldung
PCT/EP1998/001055 WO1998041958A1 (fr) 1997-03-19 1998-02-25 Dispositif et procede destine a la signalisation de neige et de glace

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0970457A1 EP0970457A1 (fr) 2000-01-12
EP0970457B1 true EP0970457B1 (fr) 2002-05-02

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EP98912386A Expired - Lifetime EP0970457B1 (fr) 1997-03-19 1998-02-25 Dispositif et procede destine a la detection de neige et de glace

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US6276202B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP0970457B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE217110T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2284258C (fr)
DE (3) DE19711371C1 (fr)
DK (1) DK0970457T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO1998041958A1 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102007039990A1 (de) 2007-08-23 2009-02-26 Tekmar Gmbh Verfahren zur Feuchtemessung und zugehörige Einrichtung
DE102011111959A1 (de) 2011-08-30 2013-02-28 Björn Zehetmair Verfahren zum Detektieren eines auf einer Messoberfläche befindlichen, Feuchte in Form von Wasser, Schnee oder Eis enthaltenden Mediums und Vorrichtung für dessen Durchführung

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US6276202B1 (en) 2001-08-21
DE19711371C1 (de) 1998-08-27
ATE217110T1 (de) 2002-05-15
EP0970457A1 (fr) 2000-01-12
CA2284258C (fr) 2008-04-08
DK0970457T3 (da) 2002-08-26
DE29717945U1 (de) 1998-08-20
DE59803984D1 (de) 2002-06-06
CA2284258A1 (fr) 1998-09-24
WO1998041958A1 (fr) 1998-09-24

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