EP2076635B1 - Procédé et dispositif pour détecter l'utilisation d'urinoirs et déclencher un rinçage automatique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour détecter l'utilisation d'urinoirs et déclencher un rinçage automatique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2076635B1
EP2076635B1 EP06776657A EP06776657A EP2076635B1 EP 2076635 B1 EP2076635 B1 EP 2076635B1 EP 06776657 A EP06776657 A EP 06776657A EP 06776657 A EP06776657 A EP 06776657A EP 2076635 B1 EP2076635 B1 EP 2076635B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sensor
urinal
flushing
signal
capacitance
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Not-in-force
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EP06776657A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2076635A1 (fr
Inventor
Carsten Supply
Hanns Rump
Reinhard Patzer
Uwe Koziol
Rainer Preuss
Jessica Gerhart
Heinz Walter Schockenbaum
Kim Heckemüller
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Kotte & Co KG GmbH
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Kotte & Co KG GmbH
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Publication of EP2076635A1 publication Critical patent/EP2076635A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03D—WATER-CLOSETS OR URINALS WITH FLUSHING DEVICES; FLUSHING VALVES THEREFOR
    • E03D5/00—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system
    • E03D5/10—Special constructions of flushing devices, e.g. closed flushing system operated electrically, e.g. by a photo-cell; also combined with devices for opening or closing shutters in the bowl outlet and/or with devices for raising/or lowering seat and cover and/or for swiveling the bowl

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the contactless triggering of a flush in urinal systems with electrically controllable water valve, using a attached to the catch basin or the drainage pipe of the urinal capacitive sensor which is connected to an electronic central control and evaluation (microcontroller), which opens the valve and then initiates flushing when the sensor detects the intended use of the urinal due to the capacitance of the sensor changing upon initiation of a fluid under the influence of the dielectric influences of the fluid, and thereby the sensor emits a trigger pulse to the control and evaluation unit , according to the preamble of claim 1, and a device according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • a device for actuating the flushing of a toilet installation has become known, with which a variable capacity is evaluated by the variable degree of contamination of the water in the siphon.
  • the capacitance change is detected by non-water contact electrodes mounted in the area of the siphon.
  • two electrodes are arranged on the siphon of the toilet system, which are connected to the control unit, which actuates a solenoid valve for triggering respectively terminating the flushing process.
  • the electrodes form a variable capacitance of a resonant circuit in the control unit. If the water in the siphon becomes contaminated, the dielectric of the capacitor changes, which results in a shift in the frequency of the square-wave generator in the control unit.
  • the flushing process is triggered and terminated after a likewise preselectable delay time again.
  • This system is based on the measurement of absolute values of the resulting capacitances, which is ultimately associated with considerable inaccuracy. This is because the tolerances of the wall thickness or a more or less thin film of water on the surface of the basin greatly affect the capacity.
  • a purge device for urinals in which an electronic control device is provided with a capacitive probe for controlling an electro-magnetic valve for flushing, which triggers the flushing in response to the use of the urinal according to a predetermined program.
  • the capacitive probe which consists of a self-adhesive metal foil or of a conductive color, attached to the back of the urinal basin.
  • the electronic Control unit itself can be arranged in the urinal basin or in a separate, splash-proof wall installation box. Also this system is based on the measurement of absolute values and is therefore too inaccurate.
  • EP 0675236A1 is a method for automatically triggering a flushing process for urinals with an electrically actuated shut-off valve in the water inlet and a temperature sensor arranged in the odor trap known whose signals are evaluated by an electronic control and evaluation to control the shut-off valve.
  • the temperature gradient is determined on the basis of the values supplied by the temperature sensor, and a flushing process is triggered when a predeterminable minimum value for the temperature gradient is exceeded. The triggering of the flushing process is delayed in time.
  • a method for measuring the level of a filling material in a container by means of a capacitive sensor circuit has become known in which a sensor connected via an electrical line with an AC voltage source of known frequency and the current flowing in the line measured at a meter and / or is displayed, wherein the measured current is directly proportional to the level of the filling material.
  • the AC voltage is applied to the contents or is generated in this, wherein the capacitance of the consisting of the single, passive-acting sensor and the filling material capacitor is measured and displayed as water level.
  • the sensor is mounted on the wall of the container so that it extends over the height of all to be expected in the tank levels. Also, the sensor may be attached to the outside of the wall of electrically non-conductive material. On or in the container, a plurality of sensors are mounted at different locations, wherein an average value is formed and displayed from the capacitance values of all sensors.
  • the electrical value of the capacitor is fed to an evaluation, which forms a mean value of a plurality of past measured values and the respective current value is compared with this mean value, wherein when a deviation exceeding an arbitrary size deviation is detected, a purge order a time interval that can be freely selected is triggered with a time delay.
  • the oldest measured value drops away and is replaced by a new measured value, whereby the mean value is formed from the remaining values. This can be done analogically or digitally arithmetically.
  • the current measured value of the capacitance is compared with the mean value thus formed. If the current measured value differs from the mean value by a freely selectable amount, for example by introducing urine into the tank, the evaluation circuit emits a signal.
  • a disadvantage of the known systems is that the sensor value detection after triggering both by the taking place on the back of the urine condensation, as well as by running water and remaining residual moisture, a considerably higher basic capacity, which adjusts via averaging only very slowly.
  • the invention has for its object, on the one hand to avoid the aforementioned disadvantages and on the other hand to provide a method and a device, which as well as which ensure a safe function of the flushing process of a urinal and to be cost-effective.
  • the invention makes use of the known knowledge that the capacitance (in picofarads pF) of an electrical capacitor is determined by the area of the capacitor, the distances of the surfaces from one another and the quality of the dielectric insulating the surfaces from one another.
  • the invention has the advantage that both rapid changes in the capacitance of the sensor and slow changes, such as contamination by e.g. Urine stone, to be compensated according to this method.
  • the gain thereof within the control and evaluation unit is adapted for recalibration of this sensor value of the triggering pulse.
  • valve is locked in a permanent sensor signal to prevent the overflow of the urinal.
  • the triggering pulse of the sensor must be present for a selectable period of time before the triggering pulse is forwarded to the control and evaluation unit.
  • flushing of the urinal is triggered by a time interval that can be selected freely, if the use of the urinal is detected.
  • the capacitive sensor is arranged at the outlet of the odor trap (siphon) on the outside of the outlet of the urinal.
  • the functional groups are folded capacitor, sensor electronics, microcontroller as control and evaluation unit and switching bridge a coherent functional unit.
  • a mounting barrier is arranged on a peelable metal foil on the inside of the basin, which prevents a change in capacity and thus triggering the installation time of the urinal.
  • a sensor capacitor Cs is connected to a capacitance / voltage converter, which feeds its output signal to a variable amplifier, which in turn its output of a parallel circuit of an RC element formed of a resistor and a capacitor, and a voltage divider, formed of two resistors, feeds, wherein at a uniform output this is applied via the RC element as a threshold to the '+' input of an operational amplifier and at the same time in reduced form via the voltage divider as to be evaluated sensor signal to the '-' Input of the operational amplifier is placed.
  • a sensor capacitor Cs is connected to a capacitance / voltage converter, which outputs its output signal of a parallel circuit of an RC element, formed of a resistor and a capacitor, and a voltage divider formed of two resistors, supplies, wherein over the resistance of the RC element, a switch is placed, which short-circuits the resistance of the RC element in one position, and at a uniform output of the Capacitance / voltage converter this output signal (12 ') is applied to the RC element and is applied as a threshold value to the' + 'input of an operational amplifier, said output output of the capacitance / voltage converter equally in a reduced form the voltage divider as to be evaluated sensor signal and is applied to the '-' input of the operational amplifier, so that at a uniform output of the capacitance / voltage converter no switching signal is generated at the output of the operational amplifier.
  • a device for non-contact triggering of a flush in urinal systems with electrically controllable water valve, with a attached to the catch basin or the drainage pipe of the urinal, area capacitive sensor which is electrically connected to an electronic central control and evaluation (microcontroller) which opens the valve and then initiates a purge when the sensor determines the intended use of the urine due to the capacitance of the sensor changing upon initiation of a fluid under the influence of the dielectric influences of the fluid, thereby giving the sensor a sensor signal to the control and evaluation unit is capable of solving the problem is characterized in that the device after each flushing of the urinal either recalibrate the sensor value of the sensor signal or the switching threshold after a selectable time and thus at d he adapted to the rinsing process amended conditions of the urinal is able to adapt.
  • FIG. 1 The basic structure of a urinal with applied to the back of the basin of the urinal electrical capacitor and a control and evaluation is through the DE 10261283A1 known.
  • the surfaces 30 of the capacitor are arranged side by side, so that the field lines 31 extend in space.
  • FIG. 2 shows a known technical embodiment of this in which the capacitor surfaces 30 are arranged in the form of two adjacent trapezoidal metal adhesive films.
  • the electrical connections lead to a control and evaluation unit 32 in which the electrical capacitance of the capacitor is evaluated and supplied to signal processing.
  • the shape of the surfaces of the capacitor is in principle freely selectable.
  • the urinal hanging on the wall has an internal basin for the collection of the introduced liquids, which have an outlet with an odor trap, Siphon, is derived.
  • the basin carries on its rear outside a capacity-forming structure, as described above, with the control and evaluation unit.
  • the structure of the capacitance-forming structure of the DE 10261283A1 known.
  • a double-sided self-adhesive film is glued to the outside of the basin and carries the conductive structure as well as the transmitter.
  • the arrangement is covered by a further foil, which consists of a thin insulating layer to prevent condensation of the surface of the conductive foil, when the surface of the basin is cooled during the flushing in the tank by running cold water.
  • the detected signal of the sensor is recalibrated within a freely selectable period of time after each flushing process. This can be done by either recalibrating the sensor value of the trigger pulse or the switching threshold after a selectable time after each rinsing of the urinal and thus adjusted to the changed conditions of the urinal ruling after the rinsing process. It thus finds a sliding, d.i. a constant recalibration takes place after each flushing process. This means that after each flushing operation, an automatic adjustment of the sensor value or, optionally, the switching threshold to the new basic capacitance of the capacitor that occurs after the flushing takes place.
  • FIG. 3 the function of the recalibration according to the invention of the sensor value on the time axis after flushing operations.
  • the course of the sensor signal 1 is shown, which corresponds to the capacitance of the electrical capacitor Cs, sensor.
  • the dashed threshold 2 determines the switching threshold of the system, in which a triggering of the flushing process should be done by the control and evaluation.
  • the sensor signal 1 changes abruptly; it intersects the straight line of the threshold value 2 running parallel to the t-axis, as a result of which a switching pulse 4 is triggered.
  • the sensor signal 1 Due to the recalibration of the sensor signal in point 5, the sensor signal 1 automatically to the initial value, here the intersection with the C (pF) axis in FIG. 3 , reset, so that in turn the sensor signal 1 intersects the straight line of the threshold value 2 and runs below the threshold value. In the subsequent introduction of water or urine at time 6, it comes to a renewed exceeding of the threshold value 2 and thus to a safe triggering of a next switching pulse at time 7. This process is repeated after each rinse.
  • the recalibration is carried out in such a way that the sensor signal delivered by the sensor immediately after flushing - which has indeed changed in accordance with the changed capacity - is trimmed to a previously determined initial value.
  • the sensor signal is either amplified or weakened accordingly or also divided by suitable voltage divider or Potentiometerscrien accordingly.
  • With the reference numeral 8 in FIG. 3 is characterized over time varying gain factor of the sensor signal, wherein in the example shown due to (assumed) increasing capacity of the sensor, a reduction of the amplification factor of the sensor signal is carried out.
  • the sensor signal 1 due to the wetted surfaces in the basin of the urinal would only very slowly approach the predetermined starting or initial value, whereby the system would not be immediately operational again.
  • the maximum signal swing is always available after the recalibration, so that in this way the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.
  • FIG. 4 explains the function of the recalibration according to the invention of the threshold values on the time axis, that is, if the threshold value is adjusted according to the changing capacitance of the sensor.
  • the course of the sensor signal 1 is shown, which corresponds to the changing capacitance of the capacitor.
  • the threshold value 2 composed of several straight lines parallel to the t-axis determines the different switching thresholds of the system at which a triggering of the flushing process is to take place.
  • the sensor signal 1 changes abruptly. Due to this introduction of water or urine at time 3, the modified sensor signal 1 cuts the threshold value 2 and a switching pulse 4 is triggered.
  • the threshold value 2 is automatically raised to a value which is above the instantaneous value of the sensor signal 1. In a subsequent introduction of water or urine at time 6, therefore, it comes to a renewed exceeding of the changed threshold 2 by the sensor signal 1 and thus to a safe triggering of the switching pulse 7.
  • the reference numeral 8 in turn, over time virtually constant gain factor the sensor signal marked.
  • the sensor signal 1 due to the wetted surfaces of the basin of the urinal would only very slowly lower to a value which is below the threshold value, whereby the system would not be immediately operational again after use of the urinal.
  • the structure forming the condenser is arranged at the outlet of the odor trap (siphon) on the outside of the drainpipe. If water runs out of the odor trap by introducing urine, this changes the electrical capacity of the structure, which is evaluated and results in a flush.
  • the microprocessor required for the control of the evaluation of the capacitive sensor is used according to the invention for controlling the recalibration of the sensor signal or the threshold value as well as for the control of the time sequence of the subsequent flushing operation.
  • the waiting time is calculated so that a flushing is triggered in a reasonable time after the start of use.
  • the waiting time can be set and is in practice between 15-25 seconds.
  • the microprocessor starts a second waiting time in which water flows through the open valve. This time will be between 2-10 seconds, and can be adjusted to the needs, because the time is decisive for the amount of flushing water.
  • the valve is closed.
  • Another waiting time of about 1-5 seconds is then started to wait for the drainage of the rinse water, because sometimes sucked by the suction of the running water, the siphon and this then no longer fulfills its function as an odor threshold.
  • the microprocessor opens the valve with another impulse to close it again after about 1-2 seconds. The time of opening the valve is such that the siphon is reliably filled up.
  • the microprocessor causes a compulsory flushing according to the procedure described above at regular intervals after a regular flushing.
  • the time span can be several days and is in principle selectable.
  • FIG Fig. 5 An electrical schematic diagram of an apparatus for carrying out the method according to the invention is shown in FIG Fig. 5 shown.
  • the reference numeral 30 again indicates the two unfolded capacitor surfaces of the sensor.
  • a transducer 20 is used to determine the capacity of the unfolded capacitor.
  • the output signal of the microprocessor 21 is supplied to a switching bridge 10, which has four switching transistors 22, 22 ', 22 ", 22''' in the bridge branches and thus the switching transistors are electrically connected to the microcontroller bistable water valve 11.
  • the capacity of the battery is sized, for example 7.500mA / h, to ensure a reasonable service life.
  • Batteries are known which, with an average power consumption of the evaluation and control unit 32 of 50 .mu.A ensure a lifetime of about 10 years.
  • the sensor for detecting the use of the urinal is a folded-up electrical capacitor and consists of thin metal foils which are attached at a suitable location on the outside of the urinal basin.
  • the metal foils are self-adhesive and can be easily mounted.
  • the electronics for measuring the capacitance of the unfolded capacitor may be directly connected to a microcontroller which processes the signals from the transmitter and initiates purging as the capacitance changes due to the introduction of liquid and which controls the recalibration. Immediately an electrical switching bridge is controlled by the microcontroller, which switches an electric water valve.
  • the electrical functional groups namely the sensor evaluation electronics downstream of the sensor, a microcontroller for controlling all processes, a switching bridge, are incorporated in the control and evaluation unit 32, which is preferably arranged on a single electrical circuit board.
  • FIG. 6 1 shows a block diagram of a control and evaluation unit for carrying out the method according to the invention of the variant of the recalibration of the sensor value ( FIG. 3 ).
  • a sensor capacitor Cs is connected to a Capacitance / voltage converter 12 is connected, which supplies its output signal 12 'to a variable amplifier 13.
  • the gain of the output signal 13 ' is reduced via the variable amplifier 13 so that the signal level at the operational amplifier 17 produces no more output signal.
  • the sensor signal is recalibrated and a renewed signal rise leads directly to a renewed signaling.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 17 is applied to the microcontroller 21, FIG. 5 , guided.
  • FIG. 7 shows a modification of FIG. 6 Namely, if according to the inventive method, the switching threshold is recalibrated and tracked. Identical parts are provided with identical reference numerals for this reason.
  • a switch 19 which is short in one position, the resistor 15 is capable.
  • a sensor capacitor Cs is in turn connected to a capacitance / voltage converter 12.
  • the resistor 15 is bridged by a switch 19, so that the voltage value of the capacitor 16 adjusts itself directly to the signal 12 '.
  • the switching threshold is recalibrated and a renewed signal rise leads directly to a renewed signaling.
  • the output of the operational amplifier 17 is applied to the microcontroller 21, FIG. 5 , guided.
  • the invention can be used commercially, in particular for the control of urinals.
  • the particular usefulness of the invention is that after the recalibration always the maximum signal swing is available so that in this way the signal-to-noise ratio is increased.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sanitary Device For Flush Toilet (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Procédé destiné au déclenchement sans contact d'un rinçage dans des systèmes d'urinoirs avec vanne hydraulique à commande électrique (11), ayant recours à un détecteur capacitif approprié (30) monté sur le bassin collecteur ou sur le tuyau d'évacuation de l'urinoir, lequel détecteur est électriquement relié à une unité centrale électronique d'analyse et de commande (32) qui ouvre la vanne (11) et déclenche un rinçage seulement dans le cas où le détecteur (30) constate l'utilisation conforme de l'urinoir, du fait de la variation de capacité du détecteur (30) lors de l'introduction d'un liquide, sous l'effet des influences diélectriques du liquide de ce fait modifiées, et émet ainsi un signal à l'unité d'analyse et de commande (32), caractérisé en ce que
    après chaque rinçage de l'urinoir, ou bien la valeur de détection du signal détecteur ou bien le seuil de commutation est à nouveau calibré selon un délai programmable et est ainsi adapté aux conditions modifiées régnant pour l'urinoir après le rinçage.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    pour le recalibrage de la valeur de détection de l'impulsion de déclenchement, l'amplification de ladite impulsion est adaptée au sein de l'unité d'analyse et de commande (32).
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    en présence d'un signal de détection permanent, la vanne (11) est verrouillée pour empêcher le débordement de l'urinoir.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    l'impulsion de déclenchement du détecteur (30) doit être émise pour un délai programmable avant que l'impulsion de déclenchement ne soit transmise à l'unité d'analyse et de commande (32).
  5. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    un rinçage de l'urinoir peut être déclenché en différé selon un délai librement programmable, lorsque l'utilisation de l'urinoir est détectée.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que,
    après un court délai programmable après un premier rinçage, le rinçage principal, un deuxième rinçage de courte durée, le post-rinçage, est déclenché dans le but d'assurer le remplissage du siphon.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que,
    le détecteur capacitif (30) à la sortie de l'obturateur d'odeurs (siphon) est disposé sur le côté extérieur de la sortie de l'urinoir.
  8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que
    les groupes fonctionnels
    a) condensateur déplié
    b) électronique de détection
    c) microcontrôleur en tant qu'unité d'analyse et de commande (32)
    d) pontage de commutation (10)
    constituent une unité fonctionnelle cohérente
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    sur le côté intérieur du bassin est disposé un blocage pour le montage constitué par une feuille métallique retirable qui empêche une variation de capacité et de ce fait un déclenchement du rinçage au moment du montage de l'urinoir.
  10. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    un détecteur-condensateur (Cs) est connecté à un convertisseur capacité/tension (12) lequel amène son signal de sortie (12') à un amplificateur variable (13) qui amène son signal de sortie (13') à un montage en parallèle constitué par un circuit RC formé d'une résistance (15) et d'un condensateur (16), et à un diviseur de tension formé de deux résistances (15', 16'), partant d'un signal de sortie uniforme (13'), celui-ci est appliqué, via le circuit RC, comme valeur-seuil à l'entrée '+' d'un amplificateur opérationnel (17), et en forme réduite via le diviseur de tension, comme signal de détecteur à évaluer à l'entrée '-' de l'amplificateur opérationnel (17).
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que
    un détecteur-condensateur (Cs) est connecté à un convertisseur de capacité/tension (12), lequel amène son signal de sortie (12') à un montage en parallèle constitué par un circuit RC formé d'une résistance (15) et d'un condensateur (16), et à un diviseur de tension formé de deux résistances (15', 16'), un interrupteur (19) étant placé au-dessus de la résistance (15) du circuit RC, lequel interrupteur établit un court-circuit dans une position la résistance (15) du circuit RC et, en présence d'un signal de sortie (12') uniforme du convertisseur de capacité/tension (12), ledit signal de sortie (12') est appliqué via le circuit RC et délivré comme valeur-seuil à l'entrée '+' d'un amplificateur opérationnel (17), ledit signal de sortie (12') du convertisseur de capacité/tension (12) étant délivré de la même manière en forme réduite au diviseur de tension que comme signal de détecteur à évaluer à l'entrée '-' de l'amplificateur opérationnel (17), de sorte que, en présence d'un signal de sortie uniforme (12') du convertisseur de capacité/tension (12), aucun signal de commutation n'est généré à la sortie de l'amplificateur opérationnel (17).
  12. Dispositif destiné au déclenchement sans contact d'un rinçage pour systèmes d'urinoirs avec vanne hydraulique à commande électrique (11), avec un détecteur capacitif (30) installé sur le bassin collecteur ou sur le tuyau d'évacuation de l'urinoir, lequel détecteur capacitif est électriquement relié à une unité centrale électrique d'analyse et de commande (32) qui ouvre la vanne (11) et déclenche un rinçage seulement dans le cas où le détecteur (30) constate l'utilisation conforme de l'urinoir du fait de la variation de capacité lors de l'introduction d'un liquide, sous l'effet des influences diélectriques du liquide de ce fait modifiées, et le détecteur (30) est ainsi en mesure de délivrer un signal à l'unité d'analyse et de commande (32), caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif est en mesure de calibrer à nouveau après chaque rinçage de l'urinoir ou bien la valeur de détection du signal de détection ou bien le seuil de commutation en fonction d'un délai programmable et d'adapter ainsi les conditions modifiées régnant pour l'urinoir après chaque rinçage.
EP06776657A 2006-08-07 2006-08-07 Procédé et dispositif pour détecter l'utilisation d'urinoirs et déclencher un rinçage automatique Not-in-force EP2076635B1 (fr)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/EP2006/007809 WO2008017314A1 (fr) 2006-08-07 2006-08-07 Procédé et dispositif pour détecter l'utilisation d'urinoirs et déclencher un rinçage automatique

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EP2076635A1 EP2076635A1 (fr) 2009-07-08
EP2076635B1 true EP2076635B1 (fr) 2009-12-30

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EP (1) EP2076635B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE453765T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE502006005815D1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2008017314A1 (fr)

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NL2009825C2 (en) * 2012-11-16 2014-05-21 Ipee Bvba Sanitary appliance and method of determining use thereof.
DE102013208999B4 (de) 2013-05-15 2015-11-12 EDISEN SENSOR SYSTEME GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren und Vorrichtung für ein kapazitives berührungsloses Eingabesystem auf Basis einer einzigen Sensorfläche
CN104060671A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2014-09-24 苏州卫生职业技术学院 一种自动冲洗小便斗
RU180281U1 (ru) * 2017-04-06 2018-06-07 Григорий Витальевич Живов Писсуар
CN109386035A (zh) * 2018-11-01 2019-02-26 上海理工大学 自动冲水蹲便池
WO2020224190A1 (fr) * 2019-05-06 2020-11-12 九牧厨卫股份有限公司 Urinoir et procédé de commande de chasse d'eau d'urinoir
DE102019125370A1 (de) 2019-09-20 2021-03-25 Caroma Industries Limited Urinalsystem, Wasserverbrauchersystem mit einem Urinalsystem und Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Urinalsystems

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EP2076635A1 (fr) 2009-07-08
ATE453765T1 (de) 2010-01-15
WO2008017314A1 (fr) 2008-02-14
DE502006005815D1 (de) 2010-02-11

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