EP0922924A1 - Système d'étanchéité et de guidage pour des éléments de protection à grande vitesse, qui deviennnent actifs à distance - Google Patents

Système d'étanchéité et de guidage pour des éléments de protection à grande vitesse, qui deviennnent actifs à distance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0922924A1
EP0922924A1 EP98122777A EP98122777A EP0922924A1 EP 0922924 A1 EP0922924 A1 EP 0922924A1 EP 98122777 A EP98122777 A EP 98122777A EP 98122777 A EP98122777 A EP 98122777A EP 0922924 A1 EP0922924 A1 EP 0922924A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
sealing
defense
distance
guiding device
elements according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP98122777A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0922924B1 (fr
Inventor
Gerd Dr.-Ing. Kellner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Krauss Maffei Wegmann GmbH and Co KG
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Wegmann and Co GmbH
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Publication of EP0922924A1 publication Critical patent/EP0922924A1/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/007—Reactive armour; Dynamic armour

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a sealing and guiding device for highly dynamic Accelerate distance-effective, weight-optimized protective elements against impact (KE) projectiles, shaped charge ammunition (HL) and explosive-shaped Projectiles (EFP) according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • KE Accelerate distance-effective, weight-optimized protective elements against impact
  • HL shaped charge ammunition
  • EFP explosive-shaped Projectiles
  • the mentioned reactive armor with a larger surface area are with favorable end ballistic dimensioning over that with inert special materials achievable values, however, it should be for a realistic estimate at least some of those specifically required for the use of reactive elements Masses (fasteners, webs, etc.) are taken into account. This condition depending on the point of view, reduces the Em factor for large-area elements or unfavorable interpretations such that a mass-efficient and therefore meaningful use is questioned.
  • Another important aspect for the use of such systems is in their sensitivity to interference or targeted countermeasures. These can, for example, be fired at with smaller threats (machine gun) with the aim of a flat trigger or in the fire with Tandem - shot.
  • the relatively small areas of the solution proposed in this invention work counter these conceivable countermeasures. Furthermore, with always comparably low structural loads two or more defense elements be accelerated (e.g. for redundancy or multiple control). Furthermore the flat "small" acceleration systems are relatively well protected, e.g. by means of protective elements or protective covers, that of fragments or smaller ones Bullets are not penetrated.
  • TLP propellant powder
  • a combination of electromagnetic acceleration is also a hybrid drive and additional chemical energy, e.g. by using pressure sensitive substances such as perchlorates (e.g. potassium perchlorate).
  • perchlorates e.g. potassium perchlorate
  • the perchlorate powder on the ground (in Pot) of the protective element or between the two coils initiated spontaneously: This generates a large amount of gas, which is also the defense element in the exhaust pot accelerates.
  • Future-oriented hybrid drives are also conceivable where, for example, a plasma as a drive medium through electrical energy is produced.
  • the shock load can be mitigated when using explosives by adding "thinning" components (inert powder, PU foam Etc.).
  • thinning inert powder, PU foam Etc.
  • the plastic deformation in the near area can be particularly effective higher speeds of the defense elements can hardly be prevented, however is this with optimal design and coordination of speeds and Limit masses clearly. With such measures, however, the ignition of the explosive mixture difficult.
  • the basic principle here is that relatively solid bodies, such as balancing projectiles, by shaped charges, cutting charges or by the explosion of explosives can hardly be adversely affected and can in no way be significantly destroyed.
  • a second class of such proposals can be summarized by that to defend against KE threats in relation to the penetrator diameter relatively large areas (armor plates) laterally against penetrating Projectiles are accelerated.
  • the acceleration such large masses is associated with the greatest problems the protective balance (efficiency) even against the simplest inert protective structures in any case worse if they are required for such constructions Dead masses are taken into account.
  • an acceleration with Explosives do not avoid the impacted edges of the moving Plates are significantly plastically deformed.
  • disruptive elements should be positioned as far as possible from the space or object to be protected, since the subsequent flight path (deflection path) of the disturbed penetrator is of great importance for efficiency due to the continued lateral movement.
  • the subsequent flight path (deflection path) of the disturbed penetrator is of great importance for efficiency due to the continued lateral movement.
  • FIG. 1A, 1B and 1C in Figure 1 show schematic side views of an armored Vehicle 1 with the different areas of application more effective distance Protection elements inside and outside the structure.
  • Fig. 1A the inner working area of distance-effective devices, e.g. within of the vehicle bow area 2. It is triggered via a bow sensor 5a for the inner area or by contact.
  • 1B characterizes the immediate detection close range 3 of armor with distance-effective elements and sensors 5b (roof sensor for the Close range) and 5c (close range bow sensor).
  • 1C shows the adjoining area 4 remote from the vehicle, which here of a suitable roof sensor 5d is scanned.
  • a suitable roof sensor 5d is scanned.
  • the task can also be performed by several sensors.
  • Figure 1.1 is the possible threat area of a vehicle in the roof area indicated by EFP or shaped charge missile. The release takes place here via correspondingly arranged sensors 5e.
  • the bow area 6 is determined by the upper front surface 7a and lower front surface 7b.
  • the conclusion to the combat area in which the team is located forms an oblique or vertical passive (inert) basic protection 13.
  • the possible paths 12 of the inner defense elements 11 are due to the geometry the front surfaces 7a, 7b and the base protection 13 are determined and can be inclined run according to the respective contour or vertically.
  • the arrangement in The bow area can be designed very variably and so the needs can be optimally adapted to the respective passive base armor.
  • At the bow side area 9 or tower front area 8 or tower side area 10 is the basic arrangement of effective protective elements 14 with their possible tracks 15 to ward off a threat in the near-contour vehicle area 3 or area 4 remote from the vehicle.
  • the threat from projectiles Missiles or warheads can be directly from the front 16a, from the Page 16b or from above 16c.
  • Figure 2.1 shows the possible defense against an explosive-shaped projectile (arrow 16c in the sketch) by a distance-effective defense element 14 or the external defense trajectory 15 outlined.
  • a distance-effective protection system can also missiles that are in the so-called Top Attack, (the object of attack), fight very well.
  • FIG. 3 there is a vertical interaction between defense element 20 and a KE penetrator 18 (threat). Actual angles (inclination or inclination of the armor) are in a first approximation through transmission using the cosine law too to treat. According to FIG. 3A, there are two times three possibilities with regard to the Interaction angle.
  • the defense element 20 moves in the direction of the threat 18 with one component in flight direction 21 of the threat (17ac from above, 17bc from below) or with a component against the flight direction 21 of the threat (17aa from above, 17ba from below).
  • the third possibility is to hit it vertically (17ab from above, 17bb from below).
  • 3B shows the case for a vertical interaction (17bb), in which the speed at which the defense element 20 runs laterally into the penetrator 18 is set too high (greater than 0.2 to 0.3 v penetrator ). Therefore, only a certain penetrator length 18b is punched out. Due to the inertia of the residual penetrator, the remaining pieces of the projectile 18a / 18c remain in their original flight axis. The end ballistic performance is only reduced approximately according to the punched-out penetrator length 18b.
  • FIG. 3C shows the case in which the transverse speed of the defense element 20 is too low (less than 0.1 to 0.15 v penetrator ). There is only a slight distraction (19, ⁇ ). Depending on the direction of movement of the defense element 20, the penetrator 18 can even be set in the direction of the target normal of a downstream inclined armor, so that the small gain in protection performance could be compensated for by the slightly inclined position of the penetrator due to a somewhat improved penetration performance.
  • the vector diagrams in FIG. 4 show this relationship for a moving one Protection element and a counter-rotating protection element each for a system "resting defense element" and a system “resting floor”.
  • the defense element acts immediately after contact with the penetrator. It must be taken into account here that a sufficient deflection force (lateral force) is generated becomes. It is particularly important to ensure that a penetrator to be disturbed as quickly as possible, i.e. in the front area, is disturbed or distracted, so its greatest possible transient deformation or deflection and thus reduction the breakthrough performance is achieved.
  • the area and density of the defense element is decisive.
  • the The length of the AR can be limited to avoid dead mass. To achieve one good ratio of effort to effect (efficiency) or a large em factor only masses that are intended for direct distraction or Damage to the penetrator may be required.
  • the geometric elements shown in FIG. 5 are preferred as active elements (AWE) To use bodies that basically meet these conditions.
  • FIG. 5A an AWE as a flat cuboid 30 with width B Qua 30a, height H Qua 30b and length L Qua 30C.
  • a bar 31 as AWE with width B Ba 31a, height H Ba 31b and length L Ba 32C.
  • a cylinder 32 according to FIG. 5C as AWE has the diameter D cyl 32a and the length L cyl 32b.
  • the penetrator position is the decisive defense criterion, one must sufficiently large lateral deflection distance after the exposure to the defense element are available. Under the diversion line is the Understand distance that the deflecting element perpendicular after the start of contact to the direction of movement of the threat as it passes. If a sufficient cross-sectional load is observed, this is A crucial point for the performance of a protective or defense element.
  • Ensuring a given collision point depends equally of a sufficiently precise detection as well as of a precise and sufficient Acceleration of the active body.
  • the detection should be sufficient are precisely presupposed and is not the subject of this invention. Very however, it is important that the defense elements reach a certain speed at the collision point.
  • 5.1A is the case for a certain, optimally set transverse speed, in this case 200 m / s, and a cylinder 32 as a defense element at the moment the interaction as a starting point for the 3D simulation calculation, which is in the ISL was carried out.
  • the pentrator speed is 1800 m / s.
  • the mass of the cylindrical AR corresponds to the mass of the projectile.
  • the appropriate ones Materials for the distance-effective protective elements (AR) can be selected. This is due to the fixed drive parameters such as pressure and drive area or acceleration path the density of the materials with the achievable exit speed closely linked.
  • Endballistically very effective materials such as tungsten heavy metal (WS), depleted Uranium (DU) or armored steel, on the other hand, achieve slower speeds Speeds, but achieve high due to their mass or density Shear forces and are therefore used to ward off massive threats such as KE bullets of high performance are particularly suitable.
  • WS tungsten heavy metal
  • DU depleted Uranium
  • armored steel on the other hand, achieve slower speeds Speeds, but achieve high due to their mass or density Shear forces and are therefore used to ward off massive threats such as KE bullets of high performance are particularly suitable.
  • the conditions for the drive unit of the AWE and the required material are strictly limited.
  • the volume required for a defense element e.g. cuboid, bar, cylinder, disc
  • the low-density materials are therefore ruled out if you want to give preference to the smallest possible defense elements.
  • Hard tempered steel is probably the most suitable material for the defense elements (price).
  • the first diagram 5.2A shows the exit speed v of a defense element as a function of a constant working pressure p in the drive system.
  • the course of the AWE speed v shown in diagram 5.2A is obtained as a function of the constant drive pressure p and as a function of the disk diameter D Sch .
  • the respective acceleration times are in the order of 0.4 to 0.5 ms at the necessary minimum speed of 100 m / s and 0.1 to 0.2 ms in the high speed range.
  • the required minimum densities ⁇ for the end-ballistic material of the disk-shaped defense elements are between 5.6 and 12.5 g / cm 3 , depending on the disk diameter.
  • the second diagram 5.2B shows the values for different AWE materials with different densities.
  • WS tungsten heavy metal
  • FIG. 6 shows the basic structure of various acceleration units with the different drive media shown.
  • FIG. 6A shows an AR 20 in the defense unit 34. Serves as the drive medium Explosives, in this case a thin foil 35. Between AWE and this film is a transmission or damping layer 36. Die Ignition device 37 receives the ignition signal via the transmission line 38.
  • FIG. 6B shows a future technological solution, for example a working medium 39 as plasma from a corresponding energy supplier 44 is generated.
  • FIG. 6C shows the case of electromagnetic acceleration with a primary coil 40 and the secondary coil 41. Between the two coils 40, 41 could if necessary, a pressure-sensitive chemical drive medium 45 is additionally arranged be (hybrid drive).
  • FIG. 6D A structure is sketched in FIG. 6D in which chemical energy suppliers 42 have a Implementation rate below the detonation rate of Explosives (deflagrating explosives, very fast powder mixtures) in the drive room are arranged. The rapid energy conversion takes place after the Ignition by means of a transfer or booster charge 43.
  • chemical energy suppliers 42 have a Implementation rate below the detonation rate of Explosives (deflagrating explosives, very fast powder mixtures) in the drive room are arranged.
  • Explosives deflagrating explosives, very fast powder mixtures
  • FIG. 7A is the case of a step-shaped or piston-shaped defense element 51 outlined.
  • the piston part 52 is located in the base plate 49a, the drive chamber 53 of them.
  • the entire AWE 51 sits in a sensor 50 on the outer surface the defense unit.
  • FIG. 7B there is a disk-shaped defense element 54 in the corresponding base plate 49b and pickup device 50 outlined.
  • Fig. 8A the volume increase 56 is after a small movement of the AR Working space outlined in FIG. 7A. However, the upper volume is still without Gas pressure and therefore does not contribute to the drive. Only after passing the lower one The actual spontaneous volume increase takes place at the edge of the piston part 52 on the transducer 50 with the corresponding effects on gas pressure and drive power.
  • Such a stepped piston concept is over the length of the piston part 52 and the diameter ratio of defense element 51 to piston 52 is very variable in terms of working pressure and drive power.
  • volume increase 57 runs during the movement of the disk-shaped Defense element 54 linear with its movement, as in Figure 8B shown.
  • FIG. 9 shows an acceleration unit according to the invention with a sealing zone and Covering examples shown.
  • the AWE 20 is located in the defense module 60 and is surrounded by a sealing and guiding element 61. Of the Drive room 53 is located below the AWE 20.
  • the AWE 20 can with one Cover / cover 62 may be provided, which by means of screw fastening 63 on Defense module 60 has its housing fastened and has two holes 64 in the AWE 20 is centered.
  • cover options are also conceivable, for example a flat cover 65, which also acts as a seal and is glued or vulcanized.
  • FIG. 10 shows examples of sealing concepts from AWE according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10A shows a defense module 70 with a sealing strip 69 on the AR
  • FIG. 10B shows a module 71 with sealing rings 76, 77 on the AWE.
  • FIG. 10C solutions exist in a defense module 72, in which the AWE has a lateral sealing surface 78 or, as shown in FIG. 10D, a Defense module 73 with an AWE and sealing lip 79.
  • Further sealing concepts are a floor seal 80 on the AWE according to FIG. 10E in the defense module 74 or a combined side-floor seal according to FIG. 10F and defense module 75.
  • FIG. 11 Other examples of sealing concepts and rotationally symmetrical defense elements, for example cylinders, are outlined in FIG. 11.
  • the sealing is carried out, for example, by a Sealing strip 86 in the case of a cylindrical defense element or by means of a sealing ring with a rotationally shaped AR (ball).
  • FIG. 11B the sealing takes place via a flat floor seal adapted to the contour of the defense element 87.
  • FIG. 11C lateral flat seal 88 outlined.
  • Figure 11D shows the case of a revolving Seal 89 through which any position of the cylindrical defense element is made possible.
  • FIG. 12 there are various drive options, for example depending on the drive concept and the resulting structural load Lead designs.
  • FIG. 12A there is a defense element 91 with a flat drive unit 97 and for comparison an AWE 92 with 3 cup-shaped drive units 95.
  • the defense element 92 is outlined in a multiple arrangement in FIG. 12B, at which was indicated that the respective left or right neighboring region 93 of the AWE 92 can be made shock-proof by means of webs or buffer elements 94 could.
  • FIG. 12C Analogous to FIG. 12B, a multiple arrangement is sketched in FIG. 12C in which a defense element 98 is accelerated by 6 cup-shaped drive units.
  • FIG. 13 shows examples of options for designing the direct recording of Defense modules in an armor or structure.
  • the simplest way is to accommodate a defense element 20 or the corresponding one Defense module in a sack lock, a hole or a milling 100 in part of the armor structure 99 according to FIG. 13A.
  • Particularly advantageous is the arrangement in a shock-absorbing material, for example GRP or rubber.
  • FIG. 13B An inexpensive arrangement is shown in Figure 13B, in which the inclusion of Defense modules 102 takes place in a perforated plate 101.
  • This perforated plate 101 is in this case, for example, arranged in front of or on a base armor 103.
  • FIG. 13C Another design option is shown in Figure 13C, in which the defense element 20 is laterally supported or buffered by a sleeve 104. Also with such measures, the reactions can be selected with a suitable choice of materials limit strongly locally during the highly dynamic acceleration process.
  • FIG. 14 shows views of planar defense units shown.
  • the round receptacles 102 are each through the round sleeve 104
  • the mounting plate for the accelerator unit and AWE can also through a perforated plate 106 with quadrangular Holes or, for example, be formed from webs and strips.
  • FIG. 15 there is a bar with integrated defense elements as the defense element 31 shown.
  • an active body 20a is inserted, which relates to its properties as much as possible from the material of the support beam 31 should distinguish.
  • the middle arrangement there are two active bodies 20b in the Carrier beam 31 integrated so that the overflowing penetrator 18 of the two inserted bodies 20 b hit practically simultaneously but in different places becomes.
  • the bar contains two consecutive ones Defense elements 20c.
  • FIG. 1 Another very interesting defense is the one shown in FIG Arrangement of two or more mutually inclined drive units, which can be ignited individually or together, so that the defense elements 20 accelerated individually or together in different directions become. With such an arrangement, the most varied can be done without any effort Threats, e.g. combat tandem bullets effectively.
  • Threats e.g. combat tandem bullets effectively.
  • a single penetrator can also be used with an appropriately coordinated firing order and Defense elements can be subjected to multiple angular positions.
  • the deflection of a cylindrical penetrator made of tungsten heavy metal was calculated by interacting with a bar-shaped defense element, which at 200 m / s at a distance corresponding to the beam width in front of a homogeneous one Armor is moved at three different times.
  • the impact speed of the WS penetrator is 1800 m / s.
  • the values for height, width and length of the AWE made of high-hard steel are 2 and 8 storey diameters, respectively.
  • the RHA armor is 5 penetrator thick.
  • the position of the AWE is of particular importance. Because from the Sequences and representations according to FIGS. 17A to 17C follow that the defense element in this calculation example all its energy to the penetrator has given up and has practically come to rest. This is in view the structural load caused by the AWE is in an optimal condition executed, moving protective elements can never be reached.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
EP98122777A 1997-12-10 1998-12-01 Système d'étanchéité et de guidage pour des éléments de protection à grande vitesse, qui deviennnent actifs à distance Expired - Lifetime EP0922924B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19754936A DE19754936A1 (de) 1997-12-10 1997-12-10 Dicht- und Führungseinrichtung für hochdynamisch beschleunigte, abstandswirksame Schutzelemente
DE19754936 1997-12-10

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EP0922924A1 true EP0922924A1 (fr) 1999-06-16
EP0922924B1 EP0922924B1 (fr) 2002-07-24

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AT (1) ATE221185T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE19754936A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2180113T3 (fr)

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WO2001059396A1 (fr) 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Giat Industries Dispositif de protection d'une paroi
FR2860065A1 (fr) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-25 Giat Ind Sa Systeme de protection d'une cible
EP1635133A2 (fr) 2004-09-10 2006-03-15 VOP-026 Sternberk, s.p. Contre-mesure active de protection
FR2898968A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-28 Jean Jacques Vial Amelioration de la protection des vehicules blindes
WO2012136200A1 (fr) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Élément de protection et procédé d'accélération d'éléments actifs
US8302161B2 (en) 2008-02-25 2012-10-30 Emc Corporation Techniques for anonymous internet access
US9568283B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2017-02-14 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Enclosure protecting system and method

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DE10310952A1 (de) 2003-03-11 2004-09-30 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzvorrichtung für gepanzerte Fahrzeuge, insbesondere gegen Hohlladungsgeschosse
DK1517110T3 (da) 2003-09-16 2008-05-19 Geke Technologie Gmbh Kombineret beskyttelsesindretning
DE102010019475A1 (de) * 2010-05-05 2011-11-10 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Vorrichtung zum Schutz eines Objektes wenigstens gegen Hohlladungsstrahlen
DE102012106746C5 (de) 2012-07-25 2019-08-29 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Schutzausstattung, Fahrzeug sowie Verfahren zum Schutz eines Objekts

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DE2031658A1 (de) * 1970-06-26 1972-05-31 Krauss Maffei Ag Panzerungswand mit schottähnlichen Kammern
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FR2361625A1 (fr) * 1976-08-13 1978-03-10 Jung Gmbh Lokomotivfab Arn Blindage
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Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2001059396A1 (fr) 2000-02-10 2001-08-16 Giat Industries Dispositif de protection d'une paroi
FR2805037A1 (fr) 2000-02-10 2001-08-17 Giat Ind Sa Dispositif de protections d'une paroi
US6681679B2 (en) 2000-02-10 2004-01-27 Giat Industries Wall protecting device
FR2860065A1 (fr) * 2003-09-22 2005-03-25 Giat Ind Sa Systeme de protection d'une cible
EP1635133A2 (fr) 2004-09-10 2006-03-15 VOP-026 Sternberk, s.p. Contre-mesure active de protection
EP1635133A3 (fr) * 2004-09-10 2006-04-12 VOP-026 Sternberk, s.p. Contre-mesure active de protection
FR2898968A1 (fr) * 2006-03-24 2007-09-28 Jean Jacques Vial Amelioration de la protection des vehicules blindes
US8302161B2 (en) 2008-02-25 2012-10-30 Emc Corporation Techniques for anonymous internet access
US9568283B2 (en) 2008-09-15 2017-02-14 Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd Enclosure protecting system and method
WO2012136200A1 (fr) * 2011-04-05 2012-10-11 Krauss-Maffei Wegmann Gmbh & Co. Kg Élément de protection et procédé d'accélération d'éléments actifs

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DE19754936A1 (de) 1999-07-01
DE59804870D1 (de) 2002-08-29
ES2180113T3 (es) 2003-02-01
EP0922924B1 (fr) 2002-07-24
ATE221185T1 (de) 2002-08-15

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