EP0881305B1 - Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnen ferritischen rostfreien Stahlbändern - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnen ferritischen rostfreien Stahlbändern Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0881305B1
EP0881305B1 EP98401090A EP98401090A EP0881305B1 EP 0881305 B1 EP0881305 B1 EP 0881305B1 EP 98401090 A EP98401090 A EP 98401090A EP 98401090 A EP98401090 A EP 98401090A EP 0881305 B1 EP0881305 B1 EP 0881305B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
temperature
carbides
cooling
austenite
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98401090A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0881305A1 (de
Inventor
Philippe Paradis
Philippe Martin
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USINOR SA
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USINOR SA
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Publication of EP0881305B1 publication Critical patent/EP0881305B1/de
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/021Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
    • C21D8/0215Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22DCASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/26Methods of annealing
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D6/00Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
    • C21D6/002Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Cr
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226Hot rolling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/02Hardening articles or materials formed by forging or rolling, with no further heating beyond that required for the formation
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C21D1/19Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering by interrupted quenching
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21DMODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the metallurgy of stainless steels. More particularly, it relates to the casting of ferritic stainless steels directly from liquid metal in the form of strips a few mm thick.
  • the winding of the strip most often occurs at a temperature of the order of 700 to 900 ° C., depending on its thickness. and the casting speed.
  • the winding temperature also depends, of course, on the distance between the rolls and the winder.
  • the wound strip is then left to cool naturally, before subjecting it to metallurgical treatments comparable to those usually carried out on hot-rolled strips made from conventional continuous casting slabs.
  • the fragility of the metal is precisely attributed to these large carbides, the size of which is around 1 to 5 ⁇ m. They constitute sites of initiation for the ruptures which propagate by cleavage in the surrounding ferritic matrix: their harmful effect is added to that of the columnar structure with large grains.
  • Document JP-A-5293595 recommends carrying out the winding at a temperature of 700 to 200 ° C., while giving the steel low carbon and nitrogen contents (0.030% or less) and a niobium content of 0 , 1 to 1% acting as a stabilizer.
  • ⁇ p 420 x% C + 470 x% N + 23 x% Ni + 9 x% Cu + 7 x% Mn - 11.5 x% Cr - 11.5 x% Si - 12 x% Mo - 23 x% V - 47 x% Nb - 49 x% Ti - 52 x% Al + 189.
  • the object of the invention is to propose an economical mode of production of thin strips of ferritic stainless steel of the AISI 430 and related types by casting between cylinders, which provides said strips with sufficient ductility to allow operations of unwinding, shearing of edges and cold processing (pickling, rolling ...) to take place without incidents such as strip breakage or the appearance of cracks on the edges.
  • this process should not include steps requiring the addition of complex facilities to a standard cylinder casting machine. Neither should it make it necessary to carry out an elaboration of the liquid metal aimed at obtaining very low contents of elements such as carbon and nitrogen, as well as the addition of elements of expensive alloys.
  • the subject of the invention is a method of manufacturing ferritic stainless steel strips, according to which, directly from liquid metal, it is solidified between two close cylinders with horizontal axes, internally cooled and turning in direction contrary, a strip of ferritic stainless steel of the type containing at most 0.12% of carbon, at most 1% of manganese, at most 1% of silicon, at most 0.040% of phosphorus, at most 0.030% of sulfur and between 16 and 18% chromium, characterized in that the said strip is then cooled or allowed to cool while avoiding making it stay in the field of transformation of austenite into ferrite and carbides, in that the winding is carried out of said strip at a temperature between 600 ° C and the martensitic transformation temperature Ms, in that the wound strip is allowed to cool at a maximum speed of 300 ° C / h to a temperature between 200 ° C and ambient temperature, and in that a closed annealing of said strip is then carried out.
  • the invention consists, starting from a strip of ferritic stainless steel of standard composition cast between cylinders, to cool and to wind said strip under special conditions, before subjecting it to annealing. closed.
  • This treatment essentially aims to limit as much as possible the formation of large embrittling carbides. For this, it is necessary to limit the precipitation of carbides and to favor the transformation of austenite into martensite in the raw casting stage, while avoiding however that this transformation into martensite does not occur when the strip is not yet wound.
  • Treatment A consists, in accordance with the prior art described above, of allowing the strip to cool naturally in the open air after it leaves the casting rolls, and of winding it at around 800 ° C., while it is found in the precipitation zone of chromium carbides at ferritic joints and at ferrite-austenite interfaces. This winding causes, as has been said, a considerable slowing down of the cooling of the strip, which is then forced to remain for a long time in the zone for transforming austenite into ferrite and chromium carbides, before returning to ambient temperature. .
  • Treatment B consists in letting the strip cool naturally in the open air, allowing it to reach room temperature without winding it.
  • the strip does not remain in the zone of transformation of austenite into ferrite and chromium carbides, but it undergoes a significant martensitic transformation between the temperatures Ms and Mf. We will see why such a treatment cannot be included in the invention.
  • Treatment C which is representative of the invention, consists in first allowing the strip to cool naturally, without being wound, so as to avoid it staying in the zone for transforming austenite into ferrite and chromium carbides, and winding only at a temperature of around 600 ° C. During the cooling of the wound strip, this ends up substantially joining the final thermal path of treatment A.
  • Treatment D is in principle identical to treatment C, but the winding of the strip takes place only at a temperature of approximately 300 ° C. This temperature remains however imperatively higher than Ms (which depends on the chemical composition of the steel), and during the cooling of the coil this prevents the strip from staying in the area where the martensitic transformation would take place in a very significant way. Its final thermal path joins those of treatments A and C.
  • the picture in Figure 2 shows a portion of a sample of a reference strip which has followed the thermal path A in Figure 1 (therefore a winding at 800 ° C) to be brought in wound form at room temperature, then underwent closed annealing under usual conditions, namely a stay at approximately 800 ° C. for 6 hours.
  • the strip has the chemical composition specified above and a thickness of 3 mm. It is observed that the majority of the sample consists of large ferritic grains 3.
  • the zones 4 comprising small ferritic grains resulting from the transformation of martensite ⁇ 'during closed annealing represent only a minority fraction of l 'sample. We especially notice the presence, within the structure, of continuous films of chromium carbides 5.
  • FIG. 3 shows a portion of a sample of a strip according to the invention (of the same composition and thickness as that of FIG. 2) which has followed an intermediate thermal path between paths C and D in the figure 1 to room temperature (the strip was wound at 500 ° C.), then underwent closed cup annealing identical to that undergone by the reference sample of FIG. 2. It is observed that the large ferritic grains 3 are always present, but that the zones with small ferritic grains 6 resulting from the transformation of the martensite ⁇ 'are in greater proportion.
  • the winding temperature has no influence on the ductility at 20 ° C. of the raw casting strip, which has not yet undergone closed annealing.
  • This ductility is very poor, and it is not improved by closed cup annealing in the case of the reference strip, hot wound.
  • the closed cup annealing was, in this reference case, powerless to promote a structure of the metal matrix and a distribution of carbides favorable to good ductility.
  • the ductility of the wound strip under the conditions recommended by the invention could be considerably improved by closed cup annealing, and brought to a very satisfactory level.
  • a resilience of the order of 30 to 40 J / cm 2 is sufficient so that cold treatments (unwinding, shearing of the edges in particular) can be carried out without damage to the strip.
  • the first fundamental idea of the invention is to impose on the strip leaving the cylinders a cooling path which makes it possible to limit the precipitation of carbides, avoiding above all those which could come from the decomposition of austenite and which are likely to coalesce into large continuous films during closed annealing.
  • the second idea is to promote, at the same stage of development, the transformation of austenite into martensite so as to obtain as much as possible of fine-grained ferrite during closed annealing. These conditions are achieved if the time spent by the cast strip is limited in the area of precipitation of carbides and nitrides from ferrite, and especially if it is avoided from staying in the area of transformation of austenite into ferrite and carbides.
  • the imposition on the strip of a cooling speed greater than or equal to 10 ° C / s between its exit from the cylinders and the moment when it reaches the temperature of 600 ° C from which the winding can take place generally provides the desired results.
  • closed annealing should be carried out on a coil whose temperature is initially between ambient and 200 ° C. It is typically carried out at a temperature of 800-850 ° C for at least 4 hours.
  • the process according to the invention has the advantage of not requiring any particular and costly adaptations of the grade such as incorporation of stabilizers and / or lowering of carbon and nitrogen contents to unusually low levels. It can be carried out on a continuous casting machine between rolls which does not need to be equipped with a hot rolling installation of the strip leaving the rolls. It also does not require any special adaptations to the stages of the manufacturing cycle after casting (closed cup annealing, shearing of edges, pickling, etc.). The only modification to a standard roll-to-roll installation that its installation is likely to require is the possible addition of a device for cooling the strip under the rolls.
  • Such a device which could be of very simple design, would make it possible to ensure that the strip never stays in the field of transformation of austenite into ferrite and carbides and that the winding is always carried out at 600 ° C. or less, whatever the casting speed and the thickness of the strip, and even if the winder is located relatively close to the rolls (which on the other hand may be desirable for the casting of other types of steel).
  • This composition corresponds to a ⁇ p criterion of 46.5% and to an Ac1 temperature of 826 ° C.
  • a winding carried out at 500 ° C. provides the strip with energy absorbed at 20 ° C (after closed annealing) of 160 J / cm 2 , for test conditions similar to those of the tests in Table 1 above.
  • the winding is carried out at 800 ° C, the energy absorbed at 20 ° C is only 100 J / cm 2 .

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Chemical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
  • Wrappers (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnen ferritischen rostfreien Stahlbändern mit weniger als 10 mm Bandstärke, bei dem man, unmittelbar vom flüssigen Metall ausgehend, ein Band aus rostfreiem, ferritischen Stahl einer Stahlsorte mit Beimengungen von höchstens 0,12% Kohlenstoff, höchstens 1% Mangan, höchstens 1% Silizium, höchstens 0,040% Phosphor, höchstens 0,030% Schwefel und zwischen 16 und 18% Chrom zwischen zwei benachbarten, horizontalachsigen, innengekühlten Zylindern, welche im entgegengesetzten Sinn drehen, verfestigt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das genannte Band danach kühlt oder erkalten läßt, dabei jedoch vermeidet, es im Umwandlungsbereich des Austenit in Ferrit und Karbide zu halten, daß man das Aufspulen des Bandes bei einer Temperatur zwischen 600°C und der Temperatur der martensitischen Umwandlung Ms durchführt, daß man das gespulte Band, mit einer maximalen Geschwindigkeit von 300°C/h bis zu einer Temperatur zwischen 200°C und der Umgebungstemperatur erkalten läßt, und daß man anschließend ein Ausglühen des Bandes im Glühtopf vornimmt.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das genannte Ausglühen im Glühtopf während wenigstens 4 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 800 bis 850°C, durchgeführt wird.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man vermeidet, das Band im Umwandlungsbereich des Austenit in Ferrit und Karbide zu halten, indem man eine Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit größer oder gleich 10°C/s, wenigstens zwischen dem Zeitpunkt wenn das verfestigte Band die Zylinder verläßt und dem Zeitpunkt wenn es die Temperatur von 600°C erreicht.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man dem Band die genannte Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit beimißt, indem man ein flüssiges Kühlmedium auf die Bandoberfläche spritzt.
  5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein zusätzliches Warmwalzen des Bandes, vor seinem Aufspulen, bei einer Temperatur zwischen 900 und 1150°C und mit einer Reduktionsrate der Banddicke von wenigstens 5% durchführt wird.
EP98401090A 1997-05-29 1998-05-06 Verfahren zum Herstellen von dünnen ferritischen rostfreien Stahlbändern Expired - Lifetime EP0881305B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9706576 1997-05-29
FR9706576A FR2763960B1 (fr) 1997-05-29 1997-05-29 Procede de fabrication de bandes minces d'acier inoxydable ferritique, et bandes minces ainsi obtenues

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0881305A1 EP0881305A1 (de) 1998-12-02
EP0881305B1 true EP0881305B1 (de) 2003-01-29

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Country Status (24)

Country Link
US (1) US6106638A (de)
EP (1) EP0881305B1 (de)
JP (1) JP4224733B2 (de)
KR (1) KR100538683B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1078113C (de)
AT (1) ATE231925T1 (de)
AU (1) AU706022B2 (de)
BR (1) BR9801552A (de)
CA (1) CA2238803C (de)
CZ (1) CZ291528B6 (de)
DE (1) DE69810988T2 (de)
DK (1) DK0881305T3 (de)
ES (1) ES2191263T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2763960B1 (de)
ID (1) ID20384A (de)
MX (1) MXPA98004218A (de)
PL (1) PL187133B1 (de)
RO (1) RO120322B1 (de)
RU (1) RU2192483C2 (de)
SK (1) SK284091B6 (de)
TR (1) TR199800976A3 (de)
TW (1) TW369446B (de)
UA (1) UA55398C2 (de)
ZA (1) ZA984147B (de)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005063058B3 (de) * 2005-12-29 2007-05-24 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kaltbands mit ferritischem Gefüge
CN101607266A (zh) * 2009-07-20 2009-12-23 山东泰山钢铁集团有限公司 一种适用于炉卷轧机生产铁素体不锈钢热轧钢带的方法

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FR2790485B1 (fr) * 1999-03-05 2002-02-08 Usinor Procede de coulee continue entre cylindres de bandes d'acier inoxydable ferritique a haute ductilite, et bandes minces ainsi obtenues
USRE40950E1 (en) 1999-03-30 2009-11-10 Jfe Steel Corporation Ferritic stainless steel plate
JP4518645B2 (ja) * 2000-01-21 2010-08-04 日新製鋼株式会社 高強度高靱性マルテンサイト系ステンレス鋼板並びに冷延耳切れ抑止方法および鋼板製造法
DE10046181C2 (de) * 2000-09-19 2002-08-01 Krupp Thyssen Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines überwiegend aus Mn-Austenit bestehenden Stahlbands oder -blechs
EP1326725B1 (de) * 2000-09-29 2009-08-05 Nucor Corporation Herstellung von dünnem stahlblech
CA2378934C (en) 2002-03-26 2005-11-15 Ipsco Inc. High-strength micro-alloy steel and process for making same
US7220325B2 (en) * 2002-04-03 2007-05-22 Ipsco Enterprises, Inc. High-strength micro-alloy steel
US7842434B2 (en) * 2005-06-15 2010-11-30 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
US8158057B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2012-04-17 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
US7981561B2 (en) 2005-06-15 2011-07-19 Ati Properties, Inc. Interconnects for solid oxide fuel cells and ferritic stainless steels adapted for use with solid oxide fuel cells
JP4514032B2 (ja) * 2004-06-10 2010-07-28 新日鐵住金ステンレス株式会社 塗装密着性の良好なフェライト系ステンレス鋼帯の製造方法
RU2493266C2 (ru) 2009-03-11 2013-09-20 Зальцгиттер Флахшталь Гмбх Способ изготовления горячекатаной полосы и изготовленная из ферритной стали горячекатаная полоса
KR101312776B1 (ko) * 2009-12-21 2013-09-27 주식회사 포스코 마르텐사이트계 스테인리스강 및 그 제조방법
CN102211179B (zh) * 2010-04-09 2013-01-02 中国科学院金属研究所 一种应用于大型马氏体不锈钢铸件的高温打箱工艺
KR101614614B1 (ko) * 2014-10-22 2016-04-22 주식회사 포스코 고강도, 고연성의 페라이트계 스테인리스 강판 및 그의 제조방법
RU2615426C1 (ru) * 2015-12-03 2017-04-04 Федеральное Государственное Унитарное Предприятие "Центральный научно-исследовательский институт черной металлургии им. И.П. Бардина" (ФГУП "ЦНИИчермет им. И.П. Бардина") Способ производства горячекатаной высокопрочной коррозионно-стойкой стали
CN107142364A (zh) * 2017-04-27 2017-09-08 酒泉钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 一种超纯铁素体不锈钢双辊薄带铸轧生产工艺
CN114959466B (zh) * 2022-05-17 2023-06-13 天津太钢天管不锈钢有限公司 一种低铬铁素体不锈钢及其制造方法

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102005063058B3 (de) * 2005-12-29 2007-05-24 Thyssenkrupp Nirosta Gmbh Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kaltbands mit ferritischem Gefüge
CN101607266A (zh) * 2009-07-20 2009-12-23 山东泰山钢铁集团有限公司 一种适用于炉卷轧机生产铁素体不锈钢热轧钢带的方法

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ATE231925T1 (de) 2003-02-15
KR19980087462A (ko) 1998-12-05
TR199800976A2 (xx) 1999-10-21
AU6483598A (en) 1998-12-03
SK284091B6 (sk) 2004-09-08
JP4224733B2 (ja) 2009-02-18
BR9801552A (pt) 1999-06-01
US6106638A (en) 2000-08-22
FR2763960A1 (fr) 1998-12-04
SK67898A3 (en) 1998-12-02
DE69810988D1 (de) 2003-03-06
AU706022B2 (en) 1999-06-03
TW369446B (en) 1999-09-11
RU2192483C2 (ru) 2002-11-10
RO120322B1 (ro) 2005-12-30
CZ291528B6 (cs) 2003-03-12
CA2238803C (fr) 2007-02-20
ID20384A (id) 1998-12-03
UA55398C2 (uk) 2003-04-15
ZA984147B (en) 1998-11-25
KR100538683B1 (ko) 2006-03-23
TR199800976A3 (tr) 1999-10-21
DE69810988T2 (de) 2003-11-27
CZ165898A3 (cs) 1999-08-11
CN1078113C (zh) 2002-01-23
ES2191263T3 (es) 2003-09-01
CA2238803A1 (fr) 1998-11-29
DK0881305T3 (da) 2003-05-26
MXPA98004218A (es) 2004-09-10
JPH10330842A (ja) 1998-12-15
PL326582A1 (en) 1998-12-07
FR2763960B1 (fr) 1999-07-16
PL187133B1 (pl) 2004-05-31
EP0881305A1 (de) 1998-12-02
CN1212189A (zh) 1999-03-31

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