EP0849181B1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0849181B1 EP0849181B1 EP97121558A EP97121558A EP0849181B1 EP 0849181 B1 EP0849181 B1 EP 0849181B1 EP 97121558 A EP97121558 A EP 97121558A EP 97121558 A EP97121558 A EP 97121558A EP 0849181 B1 EP0849181 B1 EP 0849181B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roll
- material web
- packaging
- axial
- web
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B25/00—Packaging other articles presenting special problems
- B65B25/14—Packaging paper or like sheets, envelopes, or newspapers, in flat, folded, or rolled form
- B65B25/146—Packaging paper or like sheets, envelopes, or newspapers, in flat, folded, or rolled form packaging rolled-up articles
- B65B25/148—Jumbo paper rolls
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
- B65B—MACHINES, APPARATUS OR DEVICES FOR, OR METHODS OF, PACKAGING ARTICLES OR MATERIALS; UNPACKING
- B65B11/00—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material
- B65B11/04—Wrapping, e.g. partially or wholly enclosing, articles or quantities of material, in strips, sheets or blanks, of flexible material the articles being rotated
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for packaging a roll of material web with a packaging web, the has a packaging web dispenser which is parallel to Axial direction of the web roll is movable and the packaging web at least in part of the axial Length of the web roll with an acute angle between their transverse direction and the axial direction of the Output web roll, and with a shelf on which is the material web roll.
- the invention further relates to a method for packaging a roll of material web with a packaging web according to the preamble of claim 10.
- GB 1 429 445 A A device and a method of this type are known GB 1 429 445 A is known.
- the angle between the packaging web dispenser and the web of material web again aligned to 90 ° and further turns of the Foil placed around the roll of material to end packaging to create.
- the so with a comprehensive packaging provided web of material is then passed through a heating furnace led to the plastic film on the web roll shrink.
- the packaging of a roll of material with a helical packaging track has the Advantage that you can with a single packaging web width a variety of web rolls with different Can pack width. This makes it easier the stocking and also the handling because the packaging line can be narrower than the material web roll. Their weight is accordingly lower.
- a device and a method of the type mentioned are also known from DE 1 00g 556 B. There is a strip of paper Run helically around the roll of material web.
- the invention has for its object the quality to improve the packaging.
- This task is the beginning of a device mentioned type in that a position sensor is provided, the axial position of the web roll determined on the shelf.
- the axial position of the material web roll can now be on the shelf even before the start of the Determine wrapping. So it is no longer necessary the roll of material web is axially centered on the shelf to position, as is the case with conventional packaging devices the case is. It is only necessary the roll of material in a work area to position on which all necessary units, such as a packaging web dispenser or possibly Packing presses, folding devices, end cover feeding devices etc., have access. The web roll becomes practical by the feeder always placed in the work area. Because the step the additional positioning can be omitted, the entire Packaging process can also be shortened somewhat.
- the axial position the material web roll can also be determined, so that the final packaging can be positioned more precisely can. Since the packaging web dispenser is axially movable anyway no further measures need to be taken when the information about the axial position the material web roll is available.
- the position sensor is preferably a distance sensor formed with an end face of the web roll cooperates.
- a single sensor can Determine a large number of positions. He determines one Distance to a reference point that is known. To this The position of the Determine the web roll.
- the position sensor is designed as an ultrasonic range finder. Such sensors work reliably with sufficient Accuracy. They are small and relatively inexpensive available.
- the position sensor is advantageous in the axial direction movable, a position detector is provided, the the axial position of the position sensor is determined.
- the axial lengths of the web rolls in question are in the range of 0.5 to 3.8 m or even above out.
- the position sensor is then moved as long as until the distance to the front of the web roll is in the desired measuring range. The investigation the distance is then with relatively great accuracy possible.
- the position detector determine the reference point can, in contrast, the distance to the front the material web roll
- the position results the roll of material web by adding the distance the face of the reference point and the distance the reference point from a base point, for example provided in a frame of the device can be and on which all other aggregates of the Can also refer to the device.
- a folding device for folding one is advantageous axial projection of the packaging web on the End face of the web roll provided a movable carrier is arranged, the position sensor is connected to the carrier.
- the position sensor At this Design you can use the position sensor together the folding device in front of the end of the roll of material web move. Such a movement of the folding device is necessary anyway if you have the axial Overlap of the packaging web on the front of the Wants to fold the web roll.
- the folding device but must also for different diameters packaging material web rolls be suitable for example, move in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 m can.
- By coupling the position sensor to the Carrier of the folding device also saves one work cycle.
- the folding device must be in the course of the packaging be pivoted towards the front anyway.
- This retraction can also be preferred, so that too this means that the packaging process is shorter overall can be held. It is also an advantage that the position sensor then also the position of the final packaging can determine so that the folding device be positioned in the correct position on the material web roll can to the excess of the final packaging with the to be able to fold the desired dimensions on the front.
- the folding device advantageously has a rotatable one Folding bike on and the position sensor is on an auxiliary carrier arranged, which protrudes radially over the folding bike.
- the position sensor can therefore by the folding bike not be covered. He is standing with one swung in or retracted folding device preferably radially inwards to the middle of the face the roll of material in front, so that it faces the front recorded in every case, regardless of the diameter of the Roll of material web.
- Such a subcarrier is in provided for in many cases anyway as a probe arm, that when the protrusion is folded in on the front side holds an inner front cover.
- the position sensor detects with particular advantage the axial position of the roll of material web at least during a rotational movement of the material web roll continuously.
- the helical wrapping of the web roll with a packaging web made of wrapping paper not one more negligible migration. If so the position of the web roll is continuously monitored then you can go faster if errors occur intervention. Major damage can then be avoided.
- the packaging web dispenser is moving at a speed move parallel to the axis of the material web roll, resulting from the slope of the helix and the peripheral speed or the speed of the roll of material web results. If you add the axial movement of the material web roll is taken into account, which is quite an error of one or more percent based on the length of the web roll can be taken into account, then you still achieve one better quality, i.e. the packaging line can then even more uniform and denser across its entire width be placed on the web of material. A tear the packaging line due to the migration movement can be avoided because the migration movement during The advance of the packaging web dispenser is taken into account becomes. Even when manufacturing the final packaging minor irregularities are compensated for itself through the axial movement of the web of material can result.
- a packing press is advantageously for each end face and a folding device is provided, each are movable in the axial direction, the two Packing presses and / or the two folding devices independently are positionable from each other.
- the packing presses move together to the axial center the packaging device and put the outer end covers at the end of the web of material or on the folded supernatant.
- This has the advantage that external axial forces on the Compensate the web roll with each other. Because the web roll but when making a helical one Body packaging from the axial center or moved from an axial position at all, such an approach would result in a pack press rather hits the web of material than the other. It then pushes the web roll with their speed towards the other packing press.
- the task is in a method of the aforementioned Art solved in that the axial position of the Roll of material on the tray continuously determined during winding and the axial feed of the packaging web dispenser also taking into account the current axial position of the web roll is controlled.
- the packaging line can then look much better create the scope of the web roll.
- the axial Movement that occurs in helical packaging the material web roll occurs is compensated.
- the Packaging web dispenser is correspondingly faster or slower parallel to the axial direction of the web roll proceed so that its current position always is so that the packaging web over the entire surface Scope of the material web roll comes to the plant.
- the packaging web dispenser advance i.e. the migration movement disregard the web roll, then the front edge of the packaging web is not with the same tension as the rear edge.
- the leading edge may not solve easier. Conversely, there is a lag of the packaging web dispenser compared to the actual one Target position when winding the corresponding problem for the rear edge of the packaging web. If one now continuously the position of the material web roll determined, then you can the packaging web dispenser control that axial migration of the web roll be compensated. The ongoing investigation the position can either be continuous or at short intervals. The distance between each However, measurements may only be so large that the information obtained therefrom to correct the axial feed of the packaging web dispenser used can be.
- the axial Length of the web roll determined before the start of winding.
- the axial position of both end faces of the web roll fixed, even though you only have a single position sensor needed. This not only saves you additional sensor, but also in operation Evaluation of a second signal necessary equipment.
- the packaging of a roll of material web 2 is schematic shown in Figs. 1 to 3.
- the material web roll are relatively large structures with a axial length of up to 3.8 m or greater.
- the lower limit is in the range of 0.5 m.
- the diameter is in the range of 0.5 to 2.5 m.
- the packaging web dispenser is on the one hand on rails 5, 6 Can be moved parallel to the axial direction of the material web roll.
- the packaging web dispenser 4 the body packaging 11 has completed, i.e. the packaging line 3 helically from one end of the web roll to the other, it is on the left End of web roll 2. He will then how this is shown in Fig. 2, again at right angles the rails 5, 6 aligned.
- the packaging line 3 is then with the formation of an axial projection 12th wrapped around the web roll 2. It follows this results in a final packaging 13. Between the winding process, which is shown in Fig. 1, and the winding process, which is shown in Fig. 2, the packaging web 3 separated. After making the final packaging 13, the packaging line 3 is also severed.
- the packaging web dispenser 4 then moves to the other axial end of the web roll 2 and produces a similar end package 14 there also has an axial projection.
- the feed rate of the packaging web dispenser 4, parallel to the axis of the web roll 2 is moved, axially depends on its position remaining web roll only from the pitch angle the packaging web 3, the scope of the roll of material web 2 and the speed of rotation of the web roll 2 on the support rollers 7, 8 (via which the Drive). If now the web roll 2 moves axially, for example in Fig. 1 after right, then the assignment between the packaging web dispenser is correct and the web roll 2 not more so that the packaging web 3 is no longer smooth the scope of the web roll is created.
- the packaging line should a certain, well-defined supernatant have the end face 10 of the material web roll 2. If the material web roll 2 has moved, then this supernatant can be changed, which is undesirable.
- the end packaging 13, 14 should also be so Material web roll 2 are wound that a predetermined axial protrusion arises. Ifn't you take additional measures but assume that the material web roll 2 remains in place, then the axial protrusion 12 of the final packaging would be 13 too large and that of the end packaging 14 too small.
- position sensor 27 provided as an ultrasonic range finder is trained. The location and operation of the position sensor 27 should now be used in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5, the packaging device Show 1 in more detail.
- each end the material web roll 2 has a packing press 15, 16 shown.
- Each packing press has a drive 17, 18 on, with the help of them on a rail 19, 20 in Is movable in the axial direction.
- the drive can too are formed by a piston-cylinder arrangement, between the respective packing press 15, 16 and one Not shown frame of the device 1 arranged is.
- the drives 17, 18 are independent of one another.
- Each folding device 21, 22 is in the axial direction movable. It instructs in a known manner Impeller 23 and an axle extension 24.
- the axis process 24 is on the scope of the web roll hung up.
- the impeller 23 rotates along the rotating web of material and folds the axial Overhang 12 of the final packaging 13 on the front side 10 of the material web roll 2. The same thing happens at the other end 9.
- each Folding device 21, 22 with a position indicator 25, 26 is provided, with the help of the axial position of the Folding device 21, 22 can be determined.
- the position sensor 27 is now on the folding device 21 arranged.
- the folding device 21 has a carrier 28, with which it is shown in FIG Location can be pivoted down so that it can be used its axis extension 24 on the circumference of the web roll 2 can be placed. This position is out Not shown for reasons of clarity.
- An auxiliary support 29 is attached to the support 28, on which the position sensor 27 is arranged so that it is radial protrudes beyond the impeller 23. If the carrier 28 is pivoted about the folding device 21 in the folding position bring what in the present embodiment an angle in the range of 45 ° to 90 ° is required then the position sensor 27 is located the end face 10 of the material web roll 2. He can now the distance between its position and the face Determine 10 of web roll 2. His position is known via the position detector 25, so that can be easily determined on which axial Position in relation to the device 1, the roll of material web 2 is located.
- An auxiliary carrier 29 can also be, for example, one Use the probe arm when folding in the axial projection 12 of the final packaging 13 on the end face 10 the material web roll 2 serves an inner end cover to hold on.
- the web roll 2, its axial length and its Diameter has previously been determined, that is known is inserted into the packaging device 1, i.e. deposited on the support rollers 7, 8.
- the packaging device 1 i.e. deposited on the support rollers 7, 8.
- each end face 9, 10 both from the associated Packing press 16, 15 and the folding device 22, 21 can be achieved. But this is practical always through the normal transport of the material web roll 2 in the packaging device 1.
- the folding device 21 is at an axial distance pivoted to the front side 10 of the material web roll 2.
- the axial distance can be, for example by realizing that the folding device 21 in its outermost position (left in Fig. 4) is moved.
- the Position sensor 27 can now the distance between the Determine face 10 and its position. If this Distance is not in its measuring range, then the folding device 21 can move axially for so long until the distance is within the measuring range.
- the axial position is then determined by adding the distance between the position sensor 27 and the position of the position sensor 27, which by the position detector 25 is determined.
- the position detector 25 can be an evaluation device, for example which counts pulses from a stepper motor 30, with the help of which the folding device 21 can move axially becomes.
- the position of the front 9 Packaging web dispenser 4 can be axially in its starting position move and swiveled to the correct angle become. It then produces the Body packaging 11, wherein the position sensor 27 continuously or quasi continuously the axial position the end face 10 monitors.
- the feed rate of the packaging web dispenser parallel to the axial direction The web of material roll 2 is also taken into account the moving movement of the material web roll 2 controlled by a control device 31, the one with the position sensor 27 and the position detector 25 is connected.
- the folding devices 21, 22 can be exactly in the positions are driven to form a optimal folding of the overhang on the end faces necessary is. This is also only possible if the axial position of the end faces 9, 10 is known is. Since the material web roll 2 is no longer in the center lies, however, it is necessary that the folding devices 21, 22 each independently controllable are. So it is possible that the two folding devices 21, 22 different routes, before they come to rest on the material web roll 2.
- the position sensor 27 can fold in the excess under certain circumstances no longer the axial position of the Determine end faces 9, 10 But then he determines the axial position of the folded supernatant, so that it is possible to get the packing presses 15, 16 there method.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Packaging Of Special Articles (AREA)
- Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1-3
- verschiedene Schritte beim Herstellen einer Umfangsverpackung einer Materialbahnrolle,
- Fig. 4
- eine Vorrichtung zum Verpacken und
- Fig. 5
- eine schematische Schnittansicht V-V nach Fig. 4.
Claims (11)
- Vorrichtung zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle (2) mit einer Verpackungsbahn (3), die einen Verpackungsbahnspender (4) aufweist, der parallel zur Axialrichtung der Materialbahnrolle (2) verfahrbar ist und die Verpackungsbahn (3) zumindest in einem Teil der axialen Länge der Materialbahnrolle (2) mit einem spitzen Winkel zwischen ihrer Querrichtung und der Axialrichtung der Materialbahnrolle (2) ausgibt, und mit einer Ablage (7, 8), auf der die Materialbahnrolle (2) liegt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Positionssensor (27) vorgesehen ist, der die axiale Position der Materialbahnrolle (2) auf der Ablage (7, 8) ermittelt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionssensor (27) als Abstandssensor ausgebildet ist, der mit einer Stirnseite (10) der Materialbahnrolle (2) zusammenwirkt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionssensor (27) als UltraschallEntfernungsmesser ausgebildet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionssensor (27) in Axialrichtung verfahrbar ist, wobei ein Lagedetektor (25) vorgesehen ist, der die axiale Position des Positionssensors (27) ermittelt.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Falteinrichtung (21) zum Einfalten eines axialen Überstandes (12) der Verpackungsbahn auf die Stirnseite (10) der Materialbahnrolle (2) vorgesehen ist, die an einem beweglichen Träger (28) angeordnet ist, wobei der Positionssensor (27) mit dem Träger (28) verbunden ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Falteinrichtung (21) ein drehbares Faltrad (23) aufweist und der Positionssensor (27) an einem Hilfsträger (29) angeordnet ist, der radial über das Faltrad (23) übersteht.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionssensor (27) die axiale Position der Materialbahnrolle (2) zumindest während einer Rotationsbewegung der Materialbahnrolle (2) fortlaufend ermittelt.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Positionssensor (27) mit einer Steuereinrichtung (31) verbunden ist, die die axiale Position des Verpackungsbahnspenders (4) steuert.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß für jede Stirnseite (9, 10) eine Packpresse (15, 16) und eine Falteinrichtung (21, 22) vorgesehen ist, die jeweils in Axialrichtung verfahrbar sind, wobei die beiden Packpressen (15, 16) und/oder die beiden Falteinrichtungen (21, 22) unabhängig voneinander positionierbar sind.
- Verfahren zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle (2) mit einer Verpackungsbahn (3), die mittels eines parallel zur Axialrichtung der Materialbahnrolle (2) verfahrbaren Verpackungsbahnspenders (4) schraubenlinienförmig um die auf einer Ablage (7, 8) liegende Materialbahnrolle herumgewickelt wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die axiale Position der Materialbahnrolle (2) auf der Ablage (7, 8) während des Wickelns fortlaufend ermittelt und der axiale Vorschub des Verpackungsbahnspenders (4) auch unter Berücksichtigung der aktuellen axialen Position der Materialbahnrolle (2) gesteuert wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor dem Beginn des Wickelns die axiale Länge der Materialbahnrolle (2) ermittelt wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19652451A DE19652451C2 (de) | 1996-12-17 | 1996-12-17 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle |
DE19652451 | 1996-12-17 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0849181A1 EP0849181A1 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
EP0849181B1 true EP0849181B1 (de) | 1999-07-14 |
Family
ID=7814975
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97121558A Expired - Lifetime EP0849181B1 (de) | 1996-12-17 | 1997-12-08 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5966904A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0849181B1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19652451C2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19837981C2 (de) * | 1998-08-21 | 2003-06-18 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Verpacken von Materialbahnrollen |
DE29907333U1 (de) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-08-17 | Schilling Frank | Verpackung zur gepolsterten, versandgeeigneten, stoßgeschützten Unterbringung von Verpackungsgut |
EP1035019A1 (de) * | 1999-03-08 | 2000-09-13 | Frank Schilling | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Wickelverpackungen |
DE19948610A1 (de) * | 1999-10-08 | 2001-04-19 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Rollenverpackungsvorrichtung |
CA2450655C (en) * | 2001-06-15 | 2008-11-18 | Wiley Metal Fabricating, Inc. | Orbital pallet wrapping machine and method |
DE10246437A1 (de) * | 2002-10-04 | 2004-04-15 | Focke Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Erkennen eines Aufreißstreifens an einer Materialbahn |
US7540124B2 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2009-06-02 | Western Tube & Conduit Corporation | Apparatus and method for stretch wrapping a plurality of tubes |
DE202007006230U1 (de) | 2007-04-28 | 2008-06-19 | Hans Kolb Wellpappe Gmbh & Co. Kg | Verpackungssystem für dreidimensionale Körper und verpackter dreidimensionaler Körper |
GB0911999D0 (en) * | 2009-07-10 | 2009-08-19 | Oakbridge Invest Ltd | Packaging method and apparatus |
US20130215202A1 (en) * | 2012-02-22 | 2013-08-22 | Kevin David Koller | Helical dryer path for a print substrate web |
US10023334B2 (en) * | 2014-03-17 | 2018-07-17 | Marvin B. Schwartz | Full motion wrapping apparatus |
DE102017215696B3 (de) | 2017-09-06 | 2018-10-04 | Koenig & Bauer Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Umwickeln einer Materialbahnrolle mit einer Verpackungsbahn |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE1009556B (de) * | 1954-06-25 | 1957-05-29 | Riegel Paper Corp Ges Gegruend | Wickelmaschine fuer das Umhuellen von grossen Rollen, insbesondere Papierrollen |
DE1138682B (de) * | 1956-10-13 | 1962-10-25 | Broederna Ullstroems Motor Akt | Einwickelmaschine fuer zylindrische Gegenstaende |
US3828523A (en) * | 1972-11-20 | 1974-08-13 | Beloit Corp | Automatic inside head holder structure |
US3863425A (en) * | 1973-05-14 | 1975-02-04 | John Edwards And Associates In | Apparatus for wrapping elongate cylindrical objects |
US3924375A (en) * | 1974-05-23 | 1975-12-09 | Beloit Corp | Automatic crimper |
US4173108A (en) * | 1978-03-27 | 1979-11-06 | Chromalloy American Corporation | Spiral wrapping apparatus |
JPS58125422A (ja) * | 1981-12-14 | 1983-07-26 | 友和産業株式会社 | 金属コイル端面包装装置 |
FI89149C (fi) * | 1991-02-12 | 1996-09-11 | Valmet Paper Machinery Inc | Foerfarande och anordning foer emballering av rullar, i synnerhet pappersrullar, med foerpackningsomslag |
DE19549664C2 (de) * | 1995-09-26 | 2003-06-26 | Voith Paper Patent Gmbh | Vorrichtung zum Verpacken einer Materialbahnrolle |
-
1996
- 1996-12-17 DE DE19652451A patent/DE19652451C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1997
- 1997-12-08 EP EP97121558A patent/EP0849181B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-08 DE DE59700259T patent/DE59700259D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-12-16 US US08/991,646 patent/US5966904A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE59700259D1 (de) | 1999-08-19 |
DE19652451C2 (de) | 2000-04-13 |
DE19652451A1 (de) | 1998-07-02 |
US5966904A (en) | 1999-10-19 |
EP0849181A1 (de) | 1998-06-24 |
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