EP0819754B1 - Beta-Dithiophosphorylierte Propionsäure in Schmierstoffen - Google Patents

Beta-Dithiophosphorylierte Propionsäure in Schmierstoffen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0819754B1
EP0819754B1 EP97810446A EP97810446A EP0819754B1 EP 0819754 B1 EP0819754 B1 EP 0819754B1 EP 97810446 A EP97810446 A EP 97810446A EP 97810446 A EP97810446 A EP 97810446A EP 0819754 B1 EP0819754 B1 EP 0819754B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
tert
butyl
bis
composition according
lubricants
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EP97810446A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0819754A1 (de
Inventor
Hugo Camenzind
Marc Ribeaud
Michael Fletschinger
Peter Rohrbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF Schweiz AG
Ciba SC Holding AG
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Ciba Spezialitaetenchemie Holding AG
Ciba SC Holding AG
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Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Zusammensetzungen, die einen Schmierstoff (vorzugsweise ein Industrieöl oder ein Fett), eine Metallbearbeitungs- oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit und mindestens eine β-dithiophosphorylierte Propionsäure der unten beschriebenen Formel I enthalten.
Modernen Schmierstoffen werden Additive zugesetzt, welche Aufgaben wie Hochdruck- und Verschleißschutz, Korrosionschutz und Antioxidationswirkung erfüllen [W. J. Bartz (Editor), et al., "Additive für Schmierstoffe" (expert-Verlag 1994)]. Eine besondere Bedeutung kommt dabei den Zinkdialkyldithiophosphaten zu, die antioxidative und Hochdruck- und Verschleißschutzwirkung in sich vereinigen. In neuerer Zeit ist man bemüht, diese schwermetallhaltigen Zusatzstoffe weitgehend durch metallfreie Verbindungen zu ersetzen, weil dies umweltfreundlich ist und sich positiv auf die Lebensdauer der Abgas-Katalysatoren von Verbrennungsmotoren auswirkt. Es besteht in der Industrie zur Zeit ein Bedürfnis an metallfreien und aschefreien Additiven. Ester des Typs:
Figure 00010001
sind unter dem Handelsnamen lrgalube™ 63 erhältlich. Ferner sind in US 4,333,841 dithiophosphorylierte Mercaptoessigsäuren und deren Salze als Schmierstoffzusätze beschrieben.
Bis-Dithiophosphorsäurederivate werden in GB-A 2'267'493 als Schmiermitteladditive beschrieben. Für dieselbe Anwendung werden in EP-A 98,809 [CA 101: 55323 s] Salze der Formel (RO)2P(S)S (CH2)n (C(O)OM, M = Li, K, Na, HNR, vorgeschlagen. US-A 5,362,419 beschreibt als Zwischenprodukte Säuren der Formel (RO)2P(S)S (CH2)2 C(O)OH zur Herstellung von als Schmierstoffzusätze geeigneten Glykolestern, wie z.B. (RO)2P(S)(CH2)2 C(O)OCH2 (CHOH)CH2OH (s. auch H. Zinke, R. Schumacher, Wear 179 (1-2) (1994) 45-8 [CA 122: 85158 t]).
Es wurde überraschenderweise gefunden, daß die den oben angeführten Propionsäureeestern zugrundeliegenden β-dithiophosphorylierten Propionsäuren selbst schon bei sehr kleinen Konzentrationen hervorragende Hochdruck- und Verschleißschutzmittel darstellen.
Die Erfindung betrifft daher Zusammensetzungen (vorzugsweise zink- und aschefrei) enthaltend
  • A) einen Schmier- oder Kraftstoff, eine Metallbearbeitungs- oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit, insbesondere ein Industrieöl oder ein Fett, vor allem ein Grundöl aus der Gruppe der mineralischen, pflanzlichen oder synthetischen (wie z.B. Poly-α-olefin- oder Esteröle) Öle;
  • B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel
    Figure 00020001
    worin
  • R1 und R2 unabhängig voneinander C3-C18-Alkyl, C5-C12-Cycloalkyl, C5-C6-Cycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10-Bicycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10-Tricycloalkylmethyl, Phenyl, C7-C24 Alkylphenyl oder zusammen (CH3)2C(CH2)2 bedeuten, und
  • R3 Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, und gegebenenfalls
  • C) weitere übliche Öladditive, z.B. aus den Gruppen der Antioxidantien, Metall-Desaktivatoren, Rost-Inhibitoren, Dispergatoren, Detergentien, Viskositätsindexverbesserer, Stockpunkterniedriger und weiteren Verschleißschutzadditive.
  • Bevorzugt sind bei der Komponente B) R1 und R2 unabhängig voneinander C3-C18-Alkyl, C5-C6-Cycloalkyl oder C7-C18-Alkylphenyl.
    Besonders bevorzugt sind bei der Komponente B) R1 und R2 i-Propyl, i-Butyl oder 2-Ethyl-hexyl, und R3 Wasserstoff.
    Stellen in der obigen Formel I R1 und R2 C3-C18-Alkyl dar, so handelt es sich dabei um verzweigte oder unverzweigte Reste. Beispiele hierfür sind Propyl, Isopropyl, n-Butyl, Isobutyl, t-Butyl, Pentyl, Isopentyl, Hexyl, Heptyl, 3-Heptyl, Octyl, 2-Ethylhexyl, Nonyl, Decyl, Undecyl, Dodecyl, Tridecyl, Tetradecyl, Pentadecyl, Hexadecyl, Heptadecyl, Octadecyl, 2-Ethylbutyl, 1-Methylpentyl, 1,3-Dimethylbutyl, 1,1,3,3-Tetramethylbutyl, 1-Methylhexyl, Isoheptyl, 1-Methylheptyl, 1,1,3-Trimethylhexyl oder 1-Methylundecyl.
    R1 und R2 als C5-C12-Cycloalkyl können z.B. Cyclopentyl, Cyclohexyl, Cycloheptyl, Cyclooctyl oder Cyclododecyl sein. Cyclopentyl und Cyclohexyl sind bevorzugt, insbesondere Cyclohexyl.
    Sind R1 und R2 C5-C6-Cycloalkyl-methyl, so ist darunter Cyclopentylmethyl und vor allem Cyclohexylmethyl zu verstehen.
    Sind R1 und R2 C5-C6-Cycloalkyl-methyl, so ist darunter Cyclopentylmethyl und vor allem Cyclohexylmethyl zu verstehen.
    Als C9-C10-Bicycloalkyl-methyl sind R1 und R2 z.B. Decalinylmethyl. Als C9-C10-Tricycloalkyl-methyl haben R1 und R2 vorzugsweise die Bedeutung einer Gruppe der Formel
    Figure 00030001
    Beispiele für Alkylphenyl sind Methylphenyl, Dimethylphenyl, Trimethylphenyl, Ethylphenyl, Isopropylphenyl, t-Butylphenyl, Di-t-butylphenyl oder 2,6 Di-t-butyl-4-methylphenyl.
    Die Erfindung betrifft auch die Verwendung der Komponente B) als Additive in Schmierstoffen (Industrieölen oder Fetten), Hydraulik- oder Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten, bevorzugt in Hydraulik- und Getriebeölen. Die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung schließt den Schutz der zu schmierenden Metallteile vor mechanischer Abnutzung (Hochdruck- und Verschleißschutz) sowie eine Korrosionsschutzwirkung ein. Daher betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ebenfalls ein Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften von Schmierstoffen, Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diesen Verbindungen der Formel I zugesetzt werden.
    Die erwähnten Schmier- oder Kraftstoffe (wie z.B. Industrieöle und Fette), Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten der Komponente A) basieren beispielsweise auf mineralischen oder synthetischen Ölen oder Mischungen davon. Die Schmierstoffe sind dem Fachmann geläufig und in der einschlägigen Fachliteratur, wie beispielsweise in Dieter Klamann, "Schmierstoffe und verwandte Produkte" (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982), in Schewe-Kobek, "Das Schmiermittel-Taschenbuch" (Dr. Alfred Hüthig-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1974) und in "Ullmanns Enzyklopädie der technischen Chemie", Bd.13, Seiten 85-94 (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1977) beschrieben.
    Die Schmierstoffe sind insbesondere Öle und Fette, beispielsweise basierend auf einem Mineralöl. Bevorzugt sind Öle.
    Eine weitere Gruppe von Schmierstoffen, die zur Anwendung gelangen können, sind pflanzliche oder tierische Öle, Fette, Talge und Wachse oder deren Gemische untereinander oder Gemische mit den erwähnten mineralischen oder synthetischen Ölen. Pflanzliche und tierische Öle, Fette, Talge und Wachse sind beispielsweise Baumnußöl und Mischungen davon, Fischöle, Talge von Schlachttieren wie Rindertalg, Klauenfett und Knochenöl sowie deren modifizierte, epoxidierte und sulfoxidierte Formen, beispielsweise epoxidiertes Sojabohnenöl. Die Mineralöle basieren insbesondere auf Kohlenwasserstoffverbindungen.
    Beispiele von synthetischen Schmierstoffen umfassen Schmierstoffe auf der Basis der aliphatischen oder aromatischen Carboxylester, der polymeren Ester, der Polyalkylenoxide, der Phosphorsäureester, der Poly-α-olefine oder der Silicone, eines Diesters einer zweiwertigen Säure mit einem einwertigen Alkohol, wie z.B. Dioctylsebacat oder Dinonyladipat, eines Triesters von Trimethylolpropan mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säuren, wie z.B. Trimethylolpropantripelargonat, Trimethylolpropan-tricaprylat oder Gemische davon, eines Tetraesters von Pentaerythrit mit einer einwertigen Säure oder mit einem Gemisch solcher Säuren, wie z.B. Pentaerythrit-tetracaprylat, oder eines komplexen Esters von einwertigen und zweiwertigen Säuren mit mehrwertigen Alkoholen, z.B. ein komplexer Ester von Trimethylolpropan mit Capryl- und Sebacinsäure oder von einem Gemisch davon. Besonders geeignet sind neben Mineralölen z.B. Poly-α-Olefine, Schmierstoffe auf Esterbasis, Phosphate, Glykole, Polyglykole und Polyalkylenglykole, sowie deren Mischungen mit Wasser.
    Industrieöle, Fette, Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten können auf Basis der gleichen Substanzen hergestellt werden wie vorstehend für die Schmiermittel beschrieben. Häufig handelt es sich dabei auch um Emulsionen solcher Substanzen in Wasser oder anderen Flüssigkeiten.
    Erfindungsgemäße Schmierstoffzusammensetzungen finden z.B. Verwendung in Verbrennungsmotoren, z.B. in Kraftfahrzeugen, ausgerüstet z.B. mit Motoren des Otto-, Diesel-, Zweitakt-, Wankel- oder Orbitaltyps.
    Die Komponente B ist auch als Additiv für Kraftstoffe in Kraftfahrzeugen geeignet, welche mit den Motoren des genannten Typs ausgerüstet sind.
    Die Verbindungen der Formel I sind in Schmierstoffen, Kraftstoffen, Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten gut löslich und deshalb als Zusätze zu Schmierstoffen, Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten besonders geeignet.
    Vorteilhafterweise enthalten die Zusammensetzungen 0,005 bis zu 1,0 Gew.% einer Verbindung der Formel I, bevorzugt 0,005 - 0,1 Gew.%, insbesondere 0,005 - 0,05 Gew. %.
    Vorteilhafterweise enthalten die Zusammensetzungen 0,005 bis zu 1,0 Gew.% einer Verbindung der Formel I, bevorzugt 0,005 - 0,1 Gew.%, insbesondere 0,005 - 0,05 Gew. %.
    Die Verbindungen der Formel I können den Schmier- oder Kraftstoffen auf an sich bekannte Weise beigemischt werden. Die Verbindungen sind beispielsweise in Ölen gut löslich. Es ist auch möglich, einen sogenannten Masterbatch herzustellen, der nach Maßgabe des Verbrauchs auf Einsatzkonzentrationen mit dem entsprechenden Schmierstoff verdünnt werden kann. In solchen Fällen sind auch Konzentrationen über 1 Gew.% möglich.
    Die erfindungsgemäß stabilisierten Schmier- oder Kraftstoffe, Metallbearbeitungs- und Hydraulikflüssigkeiten können zusätzlich andere Additive enthalten, die zugegeben werden, um ihre Grundeigenschaften noch weiter zu verbessern; dazu gehören: Antioxidantien, Metallpassivatoren, weitere Rostinhibitoren, Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer, Stockpunkterniedriger, Festschmierstoffe, Dispergiermittel, Detergentien, Antischaummittel, weitere Hochdruck-Zusätze, Antiverschleiß-Additive und Reibwertverminderer. Solche Additive gibt man in den jeweils dafür üblichen Mengen im Bereich von je etwa 0,01 bis 10,0 Gew.% zu.
    Es folgen Beispiele solcher weiteren Zusatzstoffe:
    Beispiele für phenolische Antioxidantien:
  • 1.1. Alkylierte Monophenole, z.B. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, 2-Butyl-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-n-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-iso-butylphenol, 2,6-Di-cyclopentyl-4-methylphenol, 2-(a-Methylcyclohexyl)-4,6-dimethylphenol, 2,6-Di-octadecyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4,6-Tricyclohexylphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxymethylphenol, lineare oder in der Seitenkette verzweigte Nonylphenole wie z.B. 2,6-Di-nonyl-4-methylphenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-undec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-heptadec-1'-yl)-phenol, 2,4-Dimethyl-6-(1'-methyl-tridec-1'-yl)-phenol und Mischungen davon.
  • 1.2. Alkylthiomethylphenole, z.B. 2,4-Di-octylthiomethyl-6-tert-butylphenol, 2,4-Di-octylthiomethyl-6-methylphenol, 2,4-Di-octylthiomethyl-6-ethylphenol, 2,6-Di-do-decylthiomethyl-4-nonylphenol.
  • 1.3. Hydrochinone und alkylierte Hydrochinone, z.B. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-amyl-hydrochinon, 2,6-Diphenyl-4-octadecyloxyphenol, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-hydrochinon, 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanisol, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylstearat, Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)adipat.
  • 1.4. Tocopherole, z.B. α,-β,-γ,- oder δ-Tocopherol und Mischungen davon (Vitamin E).
  • 1.5. Hydroxylierte Thiodiphenylether, z.B. 2,2'-Thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Thio-bis(4-octylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-3-methylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis-(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 4,4'-Thio-bis(3,6-di-sec.-amylphenol), 4,4'-Bis(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-disulfid.
  • 1.6. Alkyliden-Bisphenole, z.B. 2,2'-Methylen-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-ethylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis[4-methyl-6-(a-methylcyclohexyl)-phenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis(4-methyl-6-cyclohexylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis(6-nonyl-4-methylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis(4,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 2,2'-Ethyliden-bis(6-tert-butyl-4-isobutylphenol), 2,2'-Methylen-bis[6-(a-methylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 2,2'-Methylen-bis[6-(a,a-dimethylbenzyl)-4-nonylphenol], 4,4'-Methylen-bis(2,6-di-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-Methylen-bis(6-tert-butyl-2-methylphenol), 1,1-Bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan, 2,6-Bis(3-tert-butyl-5-methyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-4-methylphenol, 1,1,3-Tris(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-butan, 1,1-Bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenyl)-3-n-dodecylmercaptobutan, Ethylenglycol-bis[3,3-bis(3'-tert-butyl-4'-hydroxyphenyl)-butyrat], Bis(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methyl-phenyl)-dicyclopentadien, Bis[2-(3'-tert-butyl-2'-hydroxy-5'-methyl-benzyl)-6-tert-butyl-4-methyl-phenyl]-terephthalat, 1,1-Bis(3,5-dimethyl-2-hydroxyphenyl)-butan, 2,2-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propan, 2,2-Bis(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-4-n-dodecylmercapto-butan, 1,1,5,5-Tetra-(5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-2-methylphenyl)-pentan.
  • 1.7. O-, N- und S-Benzylverbindungen, z.B. 3,5,3',5'-Tetra-tert-butyl-4,4'-dihydroxydibenzylether, Octadecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzyl-mercaptoacetat, Tridecyl-4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butylbenzyl-mercaptoacetat, Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-amin, Bis(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-dithioterephthalat, Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-sulfid, Isooctyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl-mercaptoacetat.
  • 1.8. Hydroxybenzylierte Malonate, z.B. Dioctadecyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hydroxybenzyl)-malonat, Di-octadecyl-2-(3-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-5-methylbenzyl)-malonat, Di-dodecylmercaptoethyl-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonat, Di-[4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenyl]-2,2-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-malonat.
  • 1.10. Triazinverbindungen, z.B. 2,4-Bis-octylmercapto-6-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyanilino)-1,3,5-triazin, 2-Octylmercapto-4,6-bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,3,5-triazin, 2,4,6-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenoxy)-1,2,3-triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat, 1,3,5-Tris(4-tert-butyl-3-hydroxy-2,6-dimethylbenzyl)-isocyanurat, 2,4,6-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylethyl)-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexahydro-1,3,5-triazin, 1,3,5-Tris(3,5-dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxybenzyl)-isocyanurat.
  • 1.11. Benzylphosphonate, z.B. Dimethyl-2,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Diethyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonat, Dioctadecyl-5-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylbenzylphosphonat, Ca-Salz des 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonsäure-monoethylesters.
  • 1.12. Acylaminophenole, z.B. 4-Hydroxy-laurinsäureanilid, 4-Hydroxystearinsäureanilid, N-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-carbaminsäureoctylester.
  • 1.13. Ester der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure. β-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxy-3-methylphenyl)-propionsäure, β-(3,5-Dicyclohexyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure, 3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylessigsäure oder β-(5-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-3-thia-buttersäure
  • mit ein- oder mehrwertigen Alkoholen, wie z.B. mit Methanol, Ethanol, n-Octanol, i-Octanol, Octadecanol, 1,6-Hexandiol, 1,9-Nonandiol, Ethylenglycol, 1,2-Propandiol, Neopentylglycol, Thiodiethylenglycol, Diethylenglycol, Triethylenglycol, Pentaerythrit, Tris(hydroxyethyl)-isocyanurat, N,N'-Bis(hydroxyethyl)-oxalsäurediamid, 3-Thiaundecanol, 3-Thiapentadecanol, Trimethylhexandiol, Trimethylolpropan, 4-Hydroxymethyl-1-phospha-2,6,7-trioxabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octan, Glycerin und Umesterungsprodukten auf der Basis natürlicher Triglyceride aus z.B. Kokosfett, Rapsöl, Sonnenblumenöl oder Rüböl.
  • 1.14. Amide der β-(3,5-Di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)-propionsäure, wie z.B. N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hexamethylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-trimethylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenylpropionyl)-hydrazin.
  • 1.15.Ascorbinsäure (Vitamin C).
  • 1.16. Aminische Antioxidantien, wie z.B. N,N'-Di-isopropyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1,4-dimethyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-ethyl-3-methyl-pentyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Bis(1-methyl-heptyl)-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Dicyclohexyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Diphenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N,N'-Di-(naphthyl-2)-p-phenylendiamin, N-lsopropyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1,3-Dimethyl-butyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-(1-Methylheptyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, N-Cyclohexyl-N'-phenyl-p-phenylendiamin, 4-(p-Toluol-sulfonamido)-diphenylamin, N,N'-Dimethyl-N,N'-di-sec-butyl-p-phenylendiamin, Diphenylamin, N-Allyldiphenylamin, 4-lsopropoxy-diphenylamin, N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamin, N-(4-tert-Octylphenyl)-1-naphthylamin, N-Phenyl-2-naphthylamin, octyliertes Diphenylamin, z.B. p,p'-Di-tert-octyldiphenylamin, 4-n-Butylaminophenol, 4-Butyrylamino-phenol, 4-Nonanoylamino-phenol, 4-Dodecanoylamino-phenol, 4-Octadecanoylamino-phenol, Di-(4-methoxyphenyl)-amin, 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-dimethylamino-methyl-phenol, 2,4'-Diaminodiphenylmethan, 4,4'-Diamino-diphenylmethan, N,N,N',N'-Tetramethyl-4,4'-diamino-diphenylmethan, 1,2-Di-[(2-methyl-phenyl)-amino]-ethan, 1,2-Di-(phenylamino)-propan, (o-Tolyl)-biguanid, Di-[4-(1',3'-dimethyl-butyl)-phenyl]amin, tert-octyliertes N-Phenyl-1-naphthylamin, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Butyl/tert-Octyldiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten Nonyldiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten Dodecyldiphenylaminen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten Isopropyl/Isohexyl-diphenylaminen, Gemische aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Butyldiphenylaminen, 2,3-Dihydro-3,3-dimethyl-4H-1,4-benzothiazin, Phenothiazin, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Butyl/tert-Octylphenothiazinen, Gemisch aus mono- und dialkylierten tert-Octyl-phenothiazinen, N-Allylphenothiazin, N,N,N',N'-Tetraphenyl-1,4-diaminobut-2-en, N,N-Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidin-4-yl)-hexamethylendiamin, Bis-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidin-4-yl)-sebacat, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-on, 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidin-4-ol. Beispiele für weitere Antioxidantien:
  • Aliphatische oder aromatische Phosphite, Ester der Thiodipropionsäure oder der Thiodiessigsäure, oder Salze der Dithiocarbamid- oder Dithiophosphorsäure, 2,2,12,12-Tetramethyl-5,9-dihydroxy-3,7,11-trithiatridecan und 2,2,15,15-Tetramethyl-5,12-dihydroxy-3,7,10,14-tetrathiahexadecan.
    Beispiele für Metall-Desaktivatoren, z.B. für Kupfer, sind:
  • a) Benztriazole und deren Derivate, z.B. 4- oder 5-Alkylbenztriazole (z.B. Tolutriazol) und deren Derivate, 4,5,6,7-Tetrahydrobenztriazol, 5,5'-Methylen-bis-benztriazol; Mannich-Basen von Benztriazol oder Tolutriazol wie 1-[Di-(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl)]-tolutriazol und 1-[Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl)]-benztriazol; Alkoxyalkylbentriazole wie 1-(Nonyloxymethyl)-benztriazol, 1-(1-Butoxyethyl)-bentriazol und 1-(1-Cyclohexyloxybutyl)-tolutriazol.
  • b) 1,2,4-Triazole und deren Derivate, z.B. 3-Alkyl (oder Aryl)- 1,2,4-Triazole, Mannich-Basen von 1,2,4-Triazolen wie 1-[Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-1,2,4-triazol; Alkoxyalkyl-1,2,4-triazole wie 1-(1-Butoxyethyl)-1,2,4-triazol; acylierte 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole.
  • c) Imidazolderivate, z.B. 4,4'-Methylenbis(2-undecyl-5-methylimidazol), Bis[(N-methyl)imidazol-2-yl]carbinol-octylether.
  • d) Schwefelhaltige heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B. 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol, 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazol, 2,5-Dimercaptobenzthiadiazol und deren Derivate; 3,5-Bis[di(2-ethylhexyl)amino-methyl]-1,3,4-thiadiazolin-2-on.
  • e) Aminoverbindungen, z.B. Salicyliden-propylendiamin, Salicylaminoguanidin und deren Salze.
  • Beispiele für Rost-Inhibitoren sind:
  • a) Organische Säuren, ihre Ester, Metallsalze, Aminsalze und Anhydride, z.B. Alkyl- und Alkenyl-bernsteinsäuren und deren Partialester mit Alkoholen, Diolen oder Hydroxycarbonsäuren, Partialamide von Alkyl- und Alkenylbernsteinsäuren, 4-Nonylphenoxyessigsäure, Alkoxy- und Alkoxyethoxycarbonsäuren wie Dodecyloxyessigsäure, Dodecyloxy(ethoxy)-essigsäure und deren Aminsalze, ferner N-Oleoylsarcosin, Sorbitan-mono-oleat, Blei-naphthenat, Alkenylbernsteinsäureanhydride, z.B. Dodecenylbernsteinsäure-anhydrid, 2-(2-Carboxyethyl)-1-dodecyl-3-methylglycerin und dessen Salze, insbesondere Na- und Triethanolaminsalze.
  • b) Stickstoffhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.:
  • i. Primäre, sekundäre oder tertiäre aliphatische oder cycloaliphatische Amine und Amin-Salze von organischen und anorganischen Säuren, z.B. öllösliche Alkylammoniumcarboxylate, ferner 1-[N,N-bis-(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]-3-(4-nonylphenoxy)propan-2-ol.
  • ii. Heterocyclische Verbindungen, z.B.: Substituierte Imidazoline und Oxazoline, 2-Heptadecenyl-1-(2-hydroxyethyl)-imidazolin.
  • c) Phosphorhaltige Verbindungen, z.B. Aminsalze von Phosphorsäurepartialestern oder Phosphonsäurepartialestern, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate.
  • d) Schwefelhaltige Verbindungen, z.B.: Barium-dinonylnaphthalin-sulfonate, Calciumpetroleum-sulfonate, Alkylthio-substituierte aliphatische Carbonsäuren, Ester von aliphatischen 2-Sulfocarbonsäuren und deren Salze.
  • e) Glycerinderivate, z.B.: Glycerin-monooleat, 1-(Alkylphenoxy)-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)glycerine, 1-(Alkylphenoxy)-3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)glycerine, 2-Carboxyalkyl-1,3-dialkylglycerine.
  • Beispiele für Viskositätsindex-Verbesserer sind: Polyacrylate, Polymethacrylate, Vinylpyrrolidon/Methacrylat-Copolymere, Polyvinylpyrrolidone, Polybutene, Olefin-Copolymere, Styrol/Acrylat-Copolymere, Polyether.
    Beispiele für Stockpunkterniedriger sind: Polymethacrylat, alkylierte Naphthalinderivate.
    Beispiele für Dispergiermittel/Tenside sind: Polybutenylbernsteinsäureamide oder - imide, Polybutenylphosphonsäurederivate, basische Magnesium-, Calcium-, und Bariumsulfonate und -phenolate.
    Beispiele für Antischaummittel sind: Silikonöle und Polymethacrylen.
    Beispiele für Festschmierstoffe sind: Teflon™ oder Molybdänsulfid.
    Beispiele für Verschleißschutz-Additive sind: Schwefel und/oder Phosphor und/oder Halogen enthaltende Verbindungen, wie geschwefelte Olefine und pflanzliche Oele, Zinkdialkyldithiophosphate, Tritolylphosphat, Tricresylphosphat, chlorierte Paraffine, Alkyl- und Aryldi- und tri-sulfide, Aminsalze von Mono- und Dialkylphosphaten, Aminsalze der Methylphosphonsäure, Diethanolaminomethyltolyltriazol, Di(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyltolyltriazol, Derivate des 2,5-Dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazols, 3-[(Bis-isopropyloxy-phosphinothioyl)thio]-propionsäure-ethylester, Triphenylthiophosphat (Triphenylphosphorothioat), Tris(alkylphenyl)phosphorothioate und deren Gemische, (z.B. Tris(isononylphenyl)phosphorothioat), Diphenyl-monononylphenyl-phosphorothioat, Isobutylphenyl-diphenyl-phosphorothioat, Dodecylaminsalz des 3-Hydroxy-1,3-thiaphosphetan-3-oxids, Trithiophosphorsäure-5,5,5-tris[isooctylacetat (2)], Derivate von 2-Mercaptobenzthiazol wie 1-[N,N-Bis(2-ethylhexyl)aminomethyl]-2-mercapto-1H-1,3-benzthiazol, Ethoxycarbonyl-5-octyldithiocarbamat.
    Die Verbindungen der Formel I und ihre Herstellung sind an sich bekannt. Sie dienen in erster Linie als Zwischenprodukte für diverse Produkte und Anwendungen, wie z.B in V.V. Ovchinnikov, et al., Org. React (Tartu) 15(2) (1978), 194-203 (engl.) [CA 90: 120801s] sowie in L.A. Belova, et al, Zh. Obshch. Khim 51 (9) (1981) 1982-88 (russ.) [CA 96: 103597 m], beschrieben.
    Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen erfolgt beispielsweise nach dem folgenden Schema:
    CA 90: 120801s] sowie in L.A. Belova, et al, Zh. Obshch. Khim 51 (9) (1981) 1982-88 (russ.) [CA 96: 103597 m], beschrieben.
    Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Verbindungen erfolgt beispielsweise nach dem folgenden Schema:
    Figure 00110001
    Diese Synthese von β-dithiophosphorylierter Propionsäure durch Addition von Dithiophosphorsäure an Acryl- oder Methacrylsäure ist bekannt und beispielsweise in US 5,362,419 (Bsp. 1-11) beschrieben. Die folgenden Beispiele 1-3 dokumentieren die Synthese einiger in den erfindungsgemäßen Zusammensetzungen verwandten b-dithiophosphorylierten Propionsäuren. Teile- und Prozentangaben beziehen sich, sofern nicht anders angegeben, auf das Gewicht.
    Figure 00110002
    Beispiel 1
    Zu 21,4 g (0.1 mol) O,O-Diisopropyldithiophosphorsäure in 50 ml Toluol werden innerhalb von 20 min. bei 80°C 7,2 g (0.1 mol) Acrylsäure zugetropft. Es wird 5 h bei 80°C weitergerührt. Nach Abziehen des Lösungsmittels am Rotationsverdampfer wird der Rückstand säulenchromatographisch an Silicagel fraktioniert: Man erhält 11,8 g gelbes, flüssiges Hauptprodukt (41 % d. Th.).
    Analyse 37,99 % C (berechnet 37,75) 6,76 % H (berechnet 6,69)
    22,17 % S (berechnet 22,39) 10.80 % P (berechnet 10,82);
       31P-NMR (relativ zu H3PO4): 91,84 ppm.
    Figure 00110003
    Beispiel 2
    Zu 252,4 g (0.1 mol) O,O-Diisobutyldithiophosphorsäure werden bei 70°C innerhalb von 1 h 81,4 g (1.1 mol) Acrylsäure zugetropft, und es wird 4 h bei 70°C weitergerührt. Das Rohprodukt wird in 500 ml Natriumhydroxid 2N gelöst und mit zweimal 300 ml Siedegrenzbenzin (Sdp. 80-110°C) gewaschen. Dann wird mit konz. Salzsäure auf pH 1 angesäuert und mit ca. 150 ml Siedegrenzbenzin extrahiert. Die organische Phase wird mit Wasser gewaschen und am Rotationsverdampfer eingedampft: Es ergeben sich 287,6 g klares, mittelviskoses, hellgelbes Öl(91 % d. Th.).
    Analyse 42,02 % C (berechnet 42,62) 7,29 % H (berechnet 7,37),
    20,29 % S (berechnet 20,40) 10.2 % P (berechnet 9,85);
       n20D: 1.5006;
       1H-NMR (in CDCl3-Lösung, relativ zu Tetramethylsilan):
    1.02 ppm (d, 12H), 2.05 ppm (hept, 2H), 2,86 ppm (t, 2H), 3.17 ppm (d x t, 2H), 3.89 ppm (d x hept, 4H).
    Figure 00120001
    Beispiel 3
    Zu 35,5 g (0.1 mol) O,O-Di(2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphorsäure in 50 ml Toluol werden bei 75°C innerhalb von 15 min. 7,21 g (1.1 mol) Acrylsäure zugetropft. Es wird 5 h bei 75°C weitergerührt. Die Aufarbeitung erfolgt wie in Bsp. 1, und man erhält 21,8 g gelbliches Öl (51 % d. Th.).
    Analyse 53,86 % C (berechnet 53,62) 9,23 % H (berechnet 9,0),
    15,77 % S (berechnet 15,07) 7,3 % P (berechnet 7,26)
    Die Vorteile der Zusammensetzungen liegen im guten Verschleißschutz und besonders den sehr guten Lasttrage-Eigenschaften - speziell für Hydraulik- und Getriebeöle, wobei überraschenderweise relativ geringe Mengen an β-dithiophosphorylierten Propionsäuren ausreichen. Dadurch können eventuelle negative Begleiteffekte wie Korrosivität gegenüber Cu und Unverträglichkeit mit etwa vorhandenen Ca-Verbindungen (Fällungsreaktionen) minimiert werden. Ferner ist ein zusätzliches Korrosionschutzpotential vorhanden.
    Für Hydraulik- und Getriebeöle sind sowohl ein sehr guter Verschleißschutz (antiwear, AW) als auch ein sehr gutes Lasttragevermögen (extreme pressure, EP) gefordert.
    Ausgezeichnete Werte im FZG-Test (Fehlerlaststufe > 12) sind mit den üblichen Verschleißschutzadditiven bei niedrigen Einsatzkonzentrationen (geringer als 0.2%) nur schwer zu erreichen. Überraschenderweise erzielt man jedoch mit relativ geringen Konzentrationen an Verbindungen der Formel I (bereits 0.005-0.05%) sehr gute bis ausgezeichnete FZG-Werte (vgl Tabelle 1, achte und zehnte Spalte).
    Beispiel 4:
    Folgende nachstehende Formulierungen wurden im FZG-Getriebetest (Beschreibung in DIN 51.354, A/8.3./90) getestet (Tabelle 1). In diesem Test wird das Lasttragevermögen von Schmiermitteln für die Anwendung als Getriebeöle beurteilt. Im Tauchschmierungsverfahren laufen in dem zu prüfenden Schmieröl definierte Zahnräder bei konstanter Drehzahl und festgelegter Anfangsöltemperatur. Die Belastung der Zahnräder wird stufenweise gesteigert. Ab Kraftstufe 4 wird nach jeder Kraftstufe die Veränderung der Zahnflanken durch Beschreibung und gegebenenfalls durch Photo, Rauheitsmessung oder Kontrastabdruck festgehalten. Die Grenzlaststufe liegt eine Stufe unter der sog. Fehlerlaststufe, bei der die Flanken mindestens zweier Zahnräder eindeutige Schäden (Risse oder ähnliches) aufweisen.
    Figure 00140001

    Claims (13)

    1. Zusammensetzung enthaltend
      A) einen Schmier- oder Kraftstoff, eine Metallbearbeitungs- oder eine Hydraulikflüssigkeit;
      B) mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel
      Figure 00150001
      worin
      R1 und R2 unabhängig voneinander C3-C18-Alkyl, C5-C12-Cycloalkyl, C5-C6-Cycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10-Bicycloalkylmethyl, C9-C10-Tricycloalkylmethyl, Phenyl, C7-C24 Alkylphenyl oder zusammen (CH3)2C(CH2)2 bedeuten, und
      R3 Wasserstoff oder Methyl ist, und gegebenenfalls
      C) weitere übliche Öladditive.
    2. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1 enthaltend 0,005 bis zu 0,01 Gew.% einer Verbindung der Formel I.
    3. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1 enthaltend 0,005 - 0,05 % Gew.% einer Verbindung der Formel I.
    4. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1 worin Komponente A) ein Industrieöl oder ein Fett ist.
    5. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, worin Komponente A) ein Grundöl aus der Gruppe der mineralischen, pflanzlichen oder synthetischen Öle ist.
    6. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, worin R1 und R2 unabhängig voneinander C3-C18-Alkyl, C5-C6-Cycloalkyl oder C7-C18-Alkylphenyl sind.
    7. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, worin R1 und R2 i-Propyl, i-Butyl oder 2-Ethyl-hexyl, und R3 Wasserstoff sind.
    8. Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1, die zusätzlich C) weitere Öladditive aus den Gruppen der Antioxidantien, Metall-Desaktivatoren, Rost-Inhibitoren, Dispergatoren, Detergentien, Antischaummittel, Festschmierstoffe, Viskositätsindexverbesserer, Stockpunkterniedriger und Verschleißschutzadditive enthält.
    9. Verfahren zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften von Schmierstoffen, Hydraulik- oder Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diesen mindestens eine Verbindung der Formel I, wie in Anspruch 1 beschrieben, zugesetzt wird.
    10. Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 9 zur Verbesserung der Gebrauchseigenschaften von Hydraulikflüssigkeiten oder Getriebeölen.
    11. Zinkfreie Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1.
    12. Im wesentlichen aschefreie Zusammensetzung gemäß Anspruch 1.
    13. Verwendung der in Anspruch 1 beschriebenen Komponente B) als Zusatzstoff für Schmierstoffe, Hydraulik- oder Metallbearbeitungsflüssigkeiten.
    EP97810446A 1996-07-15 1997-07-07 Beta-Dithiophosphorylierte Propionsäure in Schmierstoffen Expired - Lifetime EP0819754B1 (de)

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    KR980009432A (ko) 1998-04-30
    CA2210216C (en) 2006-01-31
    DE59703420D1 (de) 2001-05-31
    JPH1067993A (ja) 1998-03-10
    ZA976208B (en) 1998-01-15
    SK94997A3 (en) 1998-02-04
    SK283148B6 (sk) 2003-03-04
    MX9705300A (es) 1998-08-30
    KR100441550B1 (ko) 2004-11-20
    JP3882154B2 (ja) 2007-02-14
    US5922657A (en) 1999-07-13
    EP0819754A1 (de) 1998-01-21
    ES2157549T3 (es) 2001-08-16
    BR9703974A (pt) 1998-11-17
    CA2210216A1 (en) 1998-01-15
    SG84506A1 (en) 2001-11-20

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