US2645657A - Thiophosphate esters - Google Patents
Thiophosphate esters Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2645657A US2645657A US84482A US8448249A US2645657A US 2645657 A US2645657 A US 2645657A US 84482 A US84482 A US 84482A US 8448249 A US8448249 A US 8448249A US 2645657 A US2645657 A US 2645657A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- acid
- metal
- alcohols
- oil
- oils
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 21
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 21
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 18
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- -1 thiophosphite Chemical compound 0.000 description 17
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 13
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 11
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 10
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 10
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 7
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 6
- GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GLDOVTGHNKAZLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Cu].[Pb] Chemical compound [Cu].[Pb] WIKSRXFQIZQFEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 4
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 4
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-heptadecyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO GOQYKNQRPGWPLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 4
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloroacetate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]C(=O)CCl FDRCDNZGSXJAFP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiophenol Chemical compound SC1=CC=CC=C1 RMVRSNDYEFQCLF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-butylphenol Chemical compound CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O GJYCVCVHRSWLNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Chemical compound CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical group [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc monoxide Chemical compound [Zn]=O XLOMVQKBTHCTTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001299 aldehydes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000007933 aliphatic carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethylselenoniopropionate Natural products CCC(O)=O XBDQKXXYIPTUBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010685 fatty oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrobenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 LQNUZADURLCDLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sebacic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCCCCCC(O)=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K thiophosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=S RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 2
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001124 (E)-prop-1-ene-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBURUDXSBYGPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,3-trimethylhexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)(C)C(C)CCC(O)=O GBURUDXSBYGPBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dimethylbutane Chemical group CC(C)C(C)C ZFFMLCVRJBZUDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PTMRDOLOEDPHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dipentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC(O)=C1CCCCC PTMRDOLOEDPHLB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMWIHOZPGQRZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-hexadecylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O HMWIHOZPGQRZLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-pentylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O MEEKGULDSDXFCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methylcyclohexan-1-ol Chemical compound CC1CCC(O)CC1 MQWCXKGKQLNYQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-thiabicyclo[4.1.0]hepta-2,4-dien-6-ol Chemical class C1=CC=CC2(O)C1S2 LJKQIQSBHFNMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bis(2-chloroethyl)ether Chemical compound ClCCOCCCl ZNSMNVMLTJELDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Brassidinsaeure Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000005632 Capric acid (CAS 334-48-5) Substances 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Erucic acid Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O URXZXNYJPAJJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 1
- LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanethiol Chemical compound SC LSDPWZHWYPCBBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004435 Oxo alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000978 Pb alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004264 Petrolatum Substances 0.000 description 1
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical class S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000021355 Stearic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGLTYZBFZDJWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N [P].[S].[Ca] Chemical compound [P].[S].[Ca] OGLTYZBFZDJWJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001243 acetic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940091181 aconitic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002029 aromatic hydrocarbon group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical group [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium silver Chemical compound [Ag].[Cd] NSAODVHAXBZWGW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZTSAVNXIUHXYOY-CVBJKYQLSA-L cadmium(2+);(z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound [Cd+2].CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O.CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC([O-])=O ZTSAVNXIUHXYOY-CVBJKYQLSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000007 calcium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FTOSZADXYFNRQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;2,2-dichlorooctadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C([O-])=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(Cl)(Cl)C([O-])=O FTOSZADXYFNRQP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DHJGVCITGOCTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium;hexadecyl phosphate Chemical compound [Ca+2].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP([O-])([O-])=O DHJGVCITGOCTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- LSCGCDXAEHGNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phenyl octadecanoate Chemical compound [Ca].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 LSCGCDXAEHGNMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 150000001734 carboxylic acid salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M chloroacetate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229940089960 chloroacetate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCl FOCAUTSVDIKZOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N cis-aconitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C\C(C(O)=O)=C\C(O)=O GTZCVFVGUGFEME-IWQZZHSRSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
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- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 1
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- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N quinbolone Chemical compound O([C@H]1CC[C@H]2[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@]4(C=CC(=O)C=C4CC3)C)CC[C@@]21C)C1=CCCC1 IUVKMZGDUIUOCP-BTNSXGMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M salicylate Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1C([O-])=O YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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- 239000011787 zinc oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C07F9/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
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- C07F9/06—Phosphorus compounds without P—C bonds
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- C07F9/165—Esters of thiophosphoric acids
- C07F9/1651—Esters of thiophosphoric acids with hydroxyalkyl compounds with further substituents on alkyl
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- C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
- C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2221/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2221/04—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2221/043—Polyoxyalkylene ethers with a thioether group
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
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- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
- C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
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- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
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- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/042—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for automatic transmissions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/044—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for manual transmissions
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- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
- C10N2040/046—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives for traction drives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2050/00—Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
- C10N2050/10—Semi-solids; greasy
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
- C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives
Definitions
- This invention relates to addition agents for improving the properties of mineral lubricating oil compositions, and relates more particularly to addition agents which impart detergent and rust inhibiting properties to engine lubricants.
- metal organic compounds improves various properties thereof, such as their oiliness characteristics and their detergent action in engines, particularly manifest in the maintenance of a clean engine during operation.
- Various metal compounds which have been used for such purposes include the metal derivatives of such organic compounds as fatty acids, naphthenic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids, alcohols, phenols, and ketones.
- these various metal compounds generally have the disadvantage of tending to corrode alloy bearings, such as those of cadmium-silver and copper-lead, now so widely used in automotive engines; and this is especially true in engines which operate at relatively high speeds and high temperatures.
- the new class of additives which have been found to meet the above requirements in a highly satisfactory manner are the metal salts of substituted carboxylic acids, in which the substituting group is a phosphite, thiophosphite, phosphate, or thiophosphate radical containing saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups as substituents for the hydrogen of the acid of phosphorus.
- the free acids are useful as rust inhibiting additives.
- the new class of additives may be defined by the general formula where R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, saturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, aromatic hydrocarbon radical, aralkyl radical, or an alkaryl radical, containing from 2 to 30 carbon atoms; R is a saturated'aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; X is oxygen or sulfur; M is hydrogen or the hydrogen equivalent of a metal; 111, is 0 or 9 Claims. (Cl. 260-461) 1; and n and p are each a number from 1 to 3.
- the metal may be any metal, but the metals of the alkaline earth metal group are generally preferred.
- the total number of carbon atoms in all of the radicals R and B should be at least 8.
- Compounds of the above type may be conveniently prepared by contacting a salt, preferably an alkali metal salt, of an acid of phosphorus with a salt, preferably an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt, of a halogen-substituted saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, at a temperature which will cause a reaction with the formation of an alkali halide, employing as a reaction medium a liquid in which the metal halide is insoluble.
- the resulting salt of the substituted acid may, if desired, be converted into other metallic salts by double decomposition, or the free acid may be formed and subsequently reacted with a metal or metal oxide or hydroxide.
- the salt of the hydrocarbon-substituted acid of phosphorus may be formed readily by first reacting an oxide or sulfide of phosphorus with an appropriate alcohol, mercaptan, phenol or thiophenol in a manner well known to the art and then neutralizing the acid thus formed with a metal base.
- the more" preferred detergent additives are then formed by reacting an aliphatic alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide, to form a dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, converting this acid into an alkali metal salt, reacting such salt with an alkali metal salt of a chlorinated fatty acid, and finally converting the alkali metal salt product thus formed into an alkaline earth metal salt by double decomposition.
- Such a product may be defined by the formula where R and R have the meanings defined above and M is an alkaline earth metal.
- the alcohols which are generally preferred for use as starting materials in the preparation of the salts of acids of phosphorus, which are in turn reacted with halogen-substituted carboxylic acid salts, may be mentioned ethyl, isopropyl, and amyl alcohols, Z-ethylhexanol, methylcyclohexanol, a commercial mixture of C12 to C16 alcohols, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, alcohols derived from W001 fat, sperm oil, natural waxes and the like, alcohols produced by the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbon products,
- the starting materials will normally be phenols.
- Compounds of this type which are suitable for the formation of additives of the present inven-' tion are alkylated phenols, e. g., butyl phenol, amyl phenol, diamyl phenol, tert.-octyl phenol, cetyl phenol petroleum phenols, and the like, as well as the corresponding naphthols.
- any of the saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing 1 to 3 carboxyl groups and containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain may be employed.
- the acid may be halogenated in any position in its chain, although the acids containing a halogen in the alpha position are preferred on account of the reactivity of the halogen group in that position.
- Acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, stearic acid, erucic acid, succinio acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, trimethyladipic acid, aconitic acid, and acids obtained by the oxidation of petroleum products and of x0 aldehydes are typical of those which may be employed.
- the amount of the additives of the present invention which are to be employed in mineral lubricating oil compositions will normally range from about 6.02% to about 5%, and the particular amount in individual cases will be selected in accordance with the requirements of the case and in view of the properties of the base stock employed. For commercial purposes, it is convenient to prepare concentrated oil solutions in which the amount of additive in the composition ranges from 25% to 50% by weight, and to transport and store them in such form. In preparing a lubricating oil composition for use as a crankcase'lubricant the additive concentrate is merely blended with the base oil in the required amount.
- Example 1 Prepamtion of additive A calcium salt of a dialkyldithiophosphate-substituted acetic acid was prepared as follows:
- a dialkyldithiophosphoric acid was first prepared by heating a mixture of 456 grams (2 mols) or" the commercial C12-C1s aliphatic alcohol and 111 grams (0.5 mol) of P285 for'two'and one-half hours at 90 C. The product was cooled and filtered to remove a trace of unreacted P285. The resulting acid was diluted with 300 cc. of isopropyl alcohol and converted into the sodium salt by adding a solution of 40 grams (1 mol) of NaOH in 50 cc. of water.
- Example 3.Lauson engine test A blend containing 2.0% by weight of the product of Example 1 in a solvent extracted Mid- Continent parafiinic lubricating oil of SAE 10 grade and a sample of the unblended base oil to remove the sodium chloride, and the isopropyl 7 were employed as the crankcase lubricant in tests 5.. with a Lausonengine operating at 295 F. jacket temperature and 300 F. oil temperature, 1800 R. P. M. speed, and 1.5 indicated kilowatt load, the tests being conducted for 25 hours each. The loss in weight of the copper-lead bearing and the varnish demerit were determined in each case.
- the varnish dcmerit rating was based upon a method of rating in which a perfectly clean piston surface had been given a rating of and a demerit rating of was given to the worst condition which could be expected to exist on that surface. The results of these observations areas follows:
- Example 4.Rust test In order to determine the extent to which the product of the invention inhibits rusting in the presence of water, a free acid was prepared by dissolving a portion of the sodium salt product of Example 1 in water, acidifying the solution thus formed with hydrochloric acid, and separating the aqueous layer from the precipitated acid product, and this product was blended in 0.1% concentration by weight in a lubricating oil consisting of a solvent extracted paraffinic turbine oil of 150 seconds (Saybolt) viscosity at 100 F., and the resulting blend was submitted to the ASTM Rust Test D665-47T, which is more specifically entitled Test Method of Tests for Rust Prevention of Steam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water, Procedure A for Distilled Water. A similar test was applied to the unblended base oil. As a result, the base oil permitted severe rusting of the steel test piece, whil the blend containing the additive allowed only light rustmg.
- the products of the present invention may be employed not only in ordinary hydrocarbon lubricating oils but also in the heavy duty type of lubricating oils which have been compounded with such detergent type additives as metal soaps, metal petroleum. sulfonates, metal phenates, metal alcoholates, metal alkyl phenol sulfides, metal organo phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphites and thiophosphites, metal salicylates, metal xanthates and thioxanthates, metal thiocarbamates, amines and amine derivatives, reaction products of metal phcnates and sulfur, reaction products of metal phenates and phosphorus sulfides, metal phenol sulfonates and the like.
- additives of the present invention may be used in lubricating oils containing such other addition agents as barium tert.-octylphenol sulfide, calcium tert.-amylphenol sulfide, cadmium oleate, nickel oleate, barium octadecylate, calcium phenyl stearate, zinc diisopropyl salicylate, aluminum naphthenate, calcium cetyl phosphate, barioum di-tert.-amylphenol sulfide, calcium peteroleum sulfonate, zinc inethylcyclohexyl thiophosphate, calcium dichlorostearate, etc.
- Other types of additives such as phenols and phenol sulfides, may be employed.
- the lubricating oil base stocks used in the compositions of this invention may bestraight mineral lubricating oils or distillates derived from paraninic, naphthenic, asphaltic, or mixed base crudes, or, if desired, various blended oils may be employed as well as residuals, particularly those from Which asphaltic constituents have been:
- oils may be refined by conventional methods using acid, alkali and/or clay or other agents such as aluminum chloride, or they may be extracted oils produced, for example, by solvent extraction with solvents such as phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, dichlorodiethyl ether, nitrobenzene, crotonaldehyde, etc.
- Hydrogenated oils or white oils may be employed as well as synthetic oils prepared, for example, by the polymerization of olefins or by the reaction of oxides of carbon with hydrogen or by the hydrogenation of coal or its products.
- cracking coil tar fractions and coal tar or shale oil distillates may also be used.
- animal, vegetable or fish oils or their hydrogenated or voltolized products may be employed in admixture with mineral oils.
- the base stock chosen should normally be an oil which without the new additive present gives the optimum performance in the service contemplated.
- one advantage of the additives is that their use also 3 makes feasible the employment of less satisfactory mineral oils or other oils, no strict rule can be laid down for the choice of the base stock. Certain essentials must of course be observed.
- the oil must possess the viscosity and volatility characteristics known to be required for the service contemplated.
- the oil must be a satisfactory solvent for the additive, although in some cases auxiliary solvent agents may be used.
- the lubricating oils may vary considerably in viscosity and other properties depending upon the particular use for which they are desired, but they usually range from about 40 to 150 seconds (Saybolt) viscosity at 210 F.
- Sybolt For the lubrication of certain low and medium speed diesel engines, the general practice has often been to use a lubricating oil base stock prepared from naphthenic or aromatic crudes and having a Saybolt viscosity at 210 F. of 45 to seconds and a viscosity index of 0 to 50.
- oils of higher viscosity index are often preferred, for example, up to '75 to 100, or even higher, viscosity index.
- agents may also be used such as dyes, pour point depressants, heat thickened fatty oils, sulfurized fatty oils, organo-metallic compounds, metallic or other soaps, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, resins, rubber olefin polymers, voltolized fats, voltolized mineral oils, and/or voltolized waxes and colloidal solids such as graphite or zinc oxide, etc.
- Solvents and assisting agents such as esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, halogenated or nitrated compounds, and the like may also be employed.
- Assisting agents which are particularly desirable as plasticizers and defoamers are the higher alcohols having eight or more carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the alcohols may be saturated straight and branched chain aliphatic alcohols such as octyl alcohol (CsHnOH), lauryl alcohol (C12H25OH), cetyl alcohol (C16H33OH), stearyl alcohol, sometimes referred to as octadecyl alcohol, (C18H37OH), heptadecyl alcohol (C1'IH35OH), and the like; the corresponding olefinic alcohols.
- CsHnOH octyl alcohol
- lauryl alcohol C12H25OH
- cetyl alcohol C16H33OH
- stearyl alcohol sometimes referred to as octadecyl alcohol, (C18H37OH), heptadecyl alcohol (C1'IH35OH), and the like; the corresponding
- oleyl alcohol such as oleyl alcohol; cyclic alcohols such as naphthenic alcohols; and aryl substituted alkyl alcohols, for instance, phenyloctyl alcohol, or octadecylbenzyl alcohol; or mixtures of these various alcohols, which may be pure or substantially pure synthetic alcohols.
- One may also use mixed naturally occurring alcohols such as those found in wool fat (which is known to contain a substantial percentage of alcohols having about 16 to 18 carbon atoms) and in sperm oil (which contains a high percentage of cetyl alcohol); and although it is preferable to isolate the alcohols from those materials, for some purposes the wool fat, sperm oil or other natural products rich in alcohols may be used per se.
- Products prepared synthetically by chemical processes may also be used, such as alcohols prepared by the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons, e. g. parafiin wax, petrolatum, etc.
- R is a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals, saturated cycloaliphatic radicals, aromatic radicals, aralkyl radicals, and alkaryl radicals, the radicals having not less than 2 and not more than 30 carbon atoms each;
- R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Mis a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and alkaline earth metals; and n is a number from 1 to 2.
- R is an alkyl radical of 2 to 30 carbon atoms
- R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms
- M is an alkaline earth metal.
- composition according to claim 2 in which R is 4.
- the process which comprises reacting a mixture of sodium dialkyl dithiophosphates with sodium chloroacetate in the presence of a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water at a temperature sufiiciently high to cause precipitation of sodium chloride, and removing the sodium chloride, isopropyl alcohol and water from the resulting mixture by filtration and distillation, said dithiophosphates being derived from theproduct obtained by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with commercial aliphatic, alcohols consisting essentially of a mixture of C12 to C16 saturated monohydric aliphatic alcohols.
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Description
Patented July 14, 1953 rnIoPHosrnArE ESTERS Harry W. Rudel, Roselle Park, and Jones I. Wasson, Union, N. J., assignors to Standard Oil Development Company a corporation of Dela- No Drawing. Application March 30, 1949, Serial No. $4,482
This invention relates to addition agents for improving the properties of mineral lubricating oil compositions, and relates more particularly to addition agents which impart detergent and rust inhibiting properties to engine lubricants.
It is known that the addition of certain types of metal organic compounds to lubricating oils improves various properties thereof, such as their oiliness characteristics and their detergent action in engines, particularly manifest in the maintenance of a clean engine during operation. Various metal compounds which have been used for such purposes include the metal derivatives of such organic compounds as fatty acids, naphthenic acids, petroleum sulfonic acids, alcohols, phenols, and ketones. However, these various metal compounds generally have the disadvantage of tending to corrode alloy bearings, such as those of cadmium-silver and copper-lead, now so widely used in automotive engines; and this is especially true in engines which operate at relatively high speeds and high temperatures. It is an object of the present invention to provide a new class of addition agents for oils which are to be used as crankcase lubricants, in which such agents exhibit the desirable properties of promoting general engine cleanliness, improving film strength, reducing ring sticking, piston skirt varnish formation, and the like, and at the same time are comparatively free from a tendency to cause corrosion of metal bearings.
The new class of additives which have been found to meet the above requirements in a highly satisfactory manner are the metal salts of substituted carboxylic acids, in which the substituting group is a phosphite, thiophosphite, phosphate, or thiophosphate radical containing saturated aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon groups as substituents for the hydrogen of the acid of phosphorus. The free acids are useful as rust inhibiting additives. More specifically, the new class of additives may be defined by the general formula where R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical, saturated cycloaliphatic hydrocarbon radical, aromatic hydrocarbon radical, aralkyl radical, or an alkaryl radical, containing from 2 to 30 carbon atoms; R is a saturated'aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; X is oxygen or sulfur; M is hydrogen or the hydrogen equivalent of a metal; 111, is 0 or 9 Claims. (Cl. 260-461) 1; and n and p are each a number from 1 to 3. When the above compound contains a metal, the metal may be any metal, but the metals of the alkaline earth metal group are generally preferred. In order that the compound will have sufficient solubility in mineral oil, the total number of carbon atoms in all of the radicals R and B should be at least 8.
Compounds of the above type may be conveniently prepared by contacting a salt, preferably an alkali metal salt, of an acid of phosphorus with a salt, preferably an alkali or alkaline earth metal salt, of a halogen-substituted saturated aliphatic carboxylic acid, at a temperature which will cause a reaction with the formation of an alkali halide, employing as a reaction medium a liquid in which the metal halide is insoluble. The resulting salt of the substituted acid may, if desired, be converted into other metallic salts by double decomposition, or the free acid may be formed and subsequently reacted with a metal or metal oxide or hydroxide. The salt of the hydrocarbon-substituted acid of phosphorus may be formed readily by first reacting an oxide or sulfide of phosphorus with an appropriate alcohol, mercaptan, phenol or thiophenol in a manner well known to the art and then neutralizing the acid thus formed with a metal base. The more" preferred detergent additives are then formed by reacting an aliphatic alcohol with phosphorus pentasulfide, to form a dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, converting this acid into an alkali metal salt, reacting such salt with an alkali metal salt of a chlorinated fatty acid, and finally converting the alkali metal salt product thus formed into an alkaline earth metal salt by double decomposition. Such a product may be defined by the formula where R and R have the meanings defined above and M is an alkaline earth metal.
Among'the alcohols which are generally preferred for use as starting materials in the preparation of the salts of acids of phosphorus, which are in turn reacted with halogen-substituted carboxylic acid salts, may be mentioned ethyl, isopropyl, and amyl alcohols, Z-ethylhexanol, methylcyclohexanol, a commercial mixture of C12 to C16 alcohols, lauryl alcohol, stearyl alcohol, alcohols derived from W001 fat, sperm oil, natural waxes and the like, alcohols produced by the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbon products,
Oxo alcohols produced from olefins, carbon monoxide and hydrogen, and similar compounds. When compounds having an aromatic group in the phosphorus-containing radical are desired, the starting materials will normally be phenols. Compounds of this type which are suitable for the formation of additives of the present inven-' tion are alkylated phenols, e. g., butyl phenol, amyl phenol, diamyl phenol, tert.-octyl phenol, cetyl phenol petroleum phenols, and the like, as well as the corresponding naphthols.
In the preparation of the salts of halogen-substituted carboxylic acids, any of the saturated aliphatic carboxylic acids containing 1 to 3 carboxyl groups and containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms in the hydrocarbon chain may be employed. The acid may be halogenated in any position in its chain, although the acids containing a halogen in the alpha position are preferred on account of the reactivity of the halogen group in that position. Acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, capric acid, stearic acid, erucic acid, succinio acid, adipic acid, sebacic acid, trimethyladipic acid, aconitic acid, and acids obtained by the oxidation of petroleum products and of x0 aldehydes are typical of those which may be employed.
The amount of the additives of the present invention which are to be employed in mineral lubricating oil compositions will normally range from about 6.02% to about 5%, and the particular amount in individual cases will be selected in accordance with the requirements of the case and in view of the properties of the base stock employed. For commercial purposes, it is convenient to prepare concentrated oil solutions in which the amount of additive in the composition ranges from 25% to 50% by weight, and to transport and store them in such form. In preparing a lubricating oil composition for use as a crankcase'lubricant the additive concentrate is merely blended with the base oil in the required amount.
The preparation and testing of an example of the additives of the present invention is illustrated in the examples described below, but it is to be understood that the additive prepared and its use in various tests are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention in any manner.
Example 1.Prepamtion of additive A calcium salt of a dialkyldithiophosphate-substituted acetic acid was prepared as follows:
A dialkyldithiophosphoric acid was first prepared by heating a mixture of 456 grams (2 mols) or" the commercial C12-C1s aliphatic alcohol and 111 grams (0.5 mol) of P285 for'two'and one-half hours at 90 C. The product was cooled and filtered to remove a trace of unreacted P285. The resulting acid was diluted with 300 cc. of isopropyl alcohol and converted into the sodium salt by adding a solution of 40 grams (1 mol) of NaOH in 50 cc. of water.
A solution ofsodium chloroacetate was then prepared by' adding 40 grams of "NaOI-I in 50 cc.
of water to a solution of 94.5 grams of mono chloroacetic acid in 50 cc. of water. The sodium chloroacetate solution was added to the sodium alkyl thiophosphate solution prepared as described above, and the temperature of the reactionmixtur e was maintained at 85 C. for two and one-half hours, during which time sodium chloride was precipitated. The product was filtered [(ROhfi S 01120001051 ANALYSIS Sulfur Phosphorus Calcium Theory 4. 7O 2. 28 l. 47 Found 4. 67 2. 37 0.83
Example 2.Laboratory bearing corrosion test A. blend was prepared containing 0.5 weight percent of the additive concentrate prepared as described in Example 1, in an extracted Mid-Continent parafiinic lubricating oil of SAE 20 grade. A sample of this blend and a sample of the unblended base oil were submitted to a laboratory test designed to measure the effectiveness of the additive in inhibiting thecorrosiveness of a typical mineral lubricating oil toward the surfaces of copper-lead bearings. The test was conducted as follows:
500 cc. of the oil was placed in a glass oxidation tube (13 inches long and 2 inches in diameter) fitted at the bottom with a A; inch air inlet tube perforated to facilitate air distribution. The oxidation tube was then immersed in a heating bath so that the oil temperature was maintained at 325 F. during the test. 'Two quarter sections of automotive bearings of copper-lead alloy of known weight having a total area of 25 sq. cm. were attached to opposite sides of a stainless steel rod which was then immersed in the test oil and rotated at 600 R. P. M., thus providing sufiicient agitation of the sample during the test. Air was then blown through the oil at th rate of 2 cu. ft. per hour. At the end of each four-hour period the bearings were removed, washed with naphtha and weighed to determine the amount of loss by corrosion. The bearings were then repolished (to increase the severity of the test), reweighed, and then subjected to the test for additional fourhour periods in like manner. The results are given in the following table as corrosion life, which indicates the number of hours required for the. bearings to lose 100. mg. in weight, de-
termined by interpolation of the data obtained Example 3.Lauson engine test A blend containing 2.0% by weight of the product of Example 1 in a solvent extracted Mid- Continent parafiinic lubricating oil of SAE 10 grade and a sample of the unblended base oil to remove the sodium chloride, and the isopropyl 7 were employed as the crankcase lubricant in tests 5.. with a Lausonengine operating at 295 F. jacket temperature and 300 F. oil temperature, 1800 R. P. M. speed, and 1.5 indicated kilowatt load, the tests being conducted for 25 hours each. The loss in weight of the copper-lead bearing and the varnish demerit were determined in each case. The varnish dcmerit rating was based upon a method of rating in which a perfectly clean piston surface had been given a rating of and a demerit rating of was given to the worst condition which could be expected to exist on that surface. The results of these observations areas follows:
It will be seen from the above data that the additive of the present invention not only exhibited a detergent effect in lowering the varnish formation on the piston surface, but actually reduced the amount of corrosion of the bearing to a substantial degree.
Example 4.Rust test In order to determine the extent to which the product of the invention inhibits rusting in the presence of water, a free acid was prepared by dissolving a portion of the sodium salt product of Example 1 in water, acidifying the solution thus formed with hydrochloric acid, and separating the aqueous layer from the precipitated acid product, and this product was blended in 0.1% concentration by weight in a lubricating oil consisting of a solvent extracted paraffinic turbine oil of 150 seconds (Saybolt) viscosity at 100 F., and the resulting blend was submitted to the ASTM Rust Test D665-47T, which is more specifically entitled Test Method of Tests for Rust Prevention of Steam Turbine Oil in the Presence of Water, Procedure A for Distilled Water. A similar test was applied to the unblended base oil. As a result, the base oil permitted severe rusting of the steel test piece, whil the blend containing the additive allowed only light rustmg.
The products of the present invention may be employed not only in ordinary hydrocarbon lubricating oils but also in the heavy duty type of lubricating oils which have been compounded with such detergent type additives as metal soaps, metal petroleum. sulfonates, metal phenates, metal alcoholates, metal alkyl phenol sulfides, metal organo phosphates, thiophosphates, phosphites and thiophosphites, metal salicylates, metal xanthates and thioxanthates, metal thiocarbamates, amines and amine derivatives, reaction products of metal phcnates and sulfur, reaction products of metal phenates and phosphorus sulfides, metal phenol sulfonates and the like. Thus the additives of the present invention may be used in lubricating oils containing such other addition agents as barium tert.-octylphenol sulfide, calcium tert.-amylphenol sulfide, cadmium oleate, nickel oleate, barium octadecylate, calcium phenyl stearate, zinc diisopropyl salicylate, aluminum naphthenate, calcium cetyl phosphate, barioum di-tert.-amylphenol sulfide, calcium peteroleum sulfonate, zinc inethylcyclohexyl thiophosphate, calcium dichlorostearate, etc. Other types of additives, such as phenols and phenol sulfides, may be employed.
The lubricating oil base stocks used in the compositions of this invention may bestraight mineral lubricating oils or distillates derived from paraninic, naphthenic, asphaltic, or mixed base crudes, or, if desired, various blended oils may be employed as well as residuals, particularly those from Which asphaltic constituents have been:
carefully removed. The oils may be refined by conventional methods using acid, alkali and/or clay or other agents such as aluminum chloride, or they may be extracted oils produced, for example, by solvent extraction with solvents such as phenol, sulfur dioxide, furfural, dichlorodiethyl ether, nitrobenzene, crotonaldehyde, etc.
Hydrogenated oils or white oils may be employed as well as synthetic oils prepared, for example, by the polymerization of olefins or by the reaction of oxides of carbon with hydrogen or by the hydrogenation of coal or its products. In certain instances cracking coil tar fractions and coal tar or shale oil distillates may also be used. Also, for special applications, animal, vegetable or fish oils or their hydrogenated or voltolized products may be employed in admixture with mineral oils.
For the best results the base stock chosen should normally be an oil which without the new additive present gives the optimum performance in the service contemplated. However, since one advantage of the additives is that their use also 3 makes feasible the employment of less satisfactory mineral oils or other oils, no strict rule can be laid down for the choice of the base stock. Certain essentials must of course be observed. The oil must possess the viscosity and volatility characteristics known to be required for the service contemplated. The oil must be a satisfactory solvent for the additive, although in some cases auxiliary solvent agents may be used. The lubricating oils, however they may have been L produced, may vary considerably in viscosity and other properties depending upon the particular use for which they are desired, but they usually range from about 40 to 150 seconds (Saybolt) viscosity at 210 F. For the lubrication of certain low and medium speed diesel engines, the general practice has often been to use a lubricating oil base stock prepared from naphthenic or aromatic crudes and having a Saybolt viscosity at 210 F. of 45 to seconds and a viscosity index of 0 to 50. However, in certain types of diesel engine and other gasoline engine service, oils of higher viscosity index are often preferred, for example, up to '75 to 100, or even higher, viscosity index.
In addition to the material to be added according to the present invention, other agents may also be used such as dyes, pour point depressants, heat thickened fatty oils, sulfurized fatty oils, organo-metallic compounds, metallic or other soaps, sludge dispersers, antioxidants, thickeners, viscosity index improvers, oiliness agents, resins, rubber olefin polymers, voltolized fats, voltolized mineral oils, and/or voltolized waxes and colloidal solids such as graphite or zinc oxide, etc. Solvents and assisting agents, such as esters, ketones, alcohols, aldehydes, halogenated or nitrated compounds, and the like may also be employed.
Assisting agents which are particularly desirable as plasticizers and defoamers are the higher alcohols having eight or more carbon atoms and preferably 12 to 20 carbon atoms. The alcohols may be saturated straight and branched chain aliphatic alcohols such as octyl alcohol (CsHnOH), lauryl alcohol (C12H25OH), cetyl alcohol (C16H33OH), stearyl alcohol, sometimes referred to as octadecyl alcohol, (C18H37OH), heptadecyl alcohol (C1'IH35OH), and the like; the corresponding olefinic alcohols. such as oleyl alcohol; cyclic alcohols such as naphthenic alcohols; and aryl substituted alkyl alcohols, for instance, phenyloctyl alcohol, or octadecylbenzyl alcohol; or mixtures of these various alcohols, which may be pure or substantially pure synthetic alcohols. One may also use mixed naturally occurring alcohols such as those found in wool fat (which is known to contain a substantial percentage of alcohols having about 16 to 18 carbon atoms) and in sperm oil (which contains a high percentage of cetyl alcohol); and although it is preferable to isolate the alcohols from those materials, for some purposes the wool fat, sperm oil or other natural products rich in alcohols may be used per se. Products prepared synthetically by chemical processes may also be used, such as alcohols prepared by the oxidation of petroleum hydrocarbons, e. g. parafiin wax, petrolatum, etc.
What is claimed is:
1. As a new composition of matter a comound of the formulawhere R is a hydrocarbon radical selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals, saturated cycloaliphatic radicals, aromatic radicals, aralkyl radicals, and alkaryl radicals, the radicals having not less than 2 and not more than 30 carbon atoms each;.R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms; Mis a member of the group consisting of hydrogen and alkaline earth metals; and n is a number from 1 to 2.
2. As a new composition of matter a compound of the formula where R is an alkyl radical of 2 to 30 carbon atoms; R is a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and M is an alkaline earth metal.
3. A composition according to claim 2 in which R is 4. A composition according to claim 9 in which R is an alkyl radical of 12 to 16 carbon atoms, R is CH2- and M is calcium.
5. As a new composition of matter a compound of the formula -s-prnooon where R is an alkyl group containing 12 to 16 carbon atoms.
6. The process which comprises reacting a mixture of sodium dialkyl dithiophosphates with sodium chloroacetate in the presence of a mixture of isopropyl alcohol and water at a temperature sufiiciently high to cause precipitation of sodium chloride, and removing the sodium chloride, isopropyl alcohol and water from the resulting mixture by filtration and distillation, said dithiophosphates being derived from theproduct obtained by reacting phosphorus pentasulfide with commercial aliphatic, alcohols consisting essentially of a mixture of C12 to C16 saturated monohydric aliphatic alcohols.
'7. A process according to claim 6 in which the sodium dialkyldithiophosphates are reacted with sodium chloroacetate at a temperature of about 85 C. for a period of about 2 /2 hours.
8. The process which comprises reacting the sodium salts formed by the process of claim '7 with calcium chloride in an essentially mineral oil medium, and removing the precipitated sodium chloride by filtration.
9. The process which comprises dissolving the sodium salts formed by the process of claim '7 in water, acidifying the solution thus formed ith hydrochloric acid, and separating the aqueous layer from theprecipitated oily acid product.
HARRY W. RUDEL. JONES I. WASSON.
References Cited in the file of this patent V UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 2,252,675 Prutton Aug. 12, 1941 2,266,514 Romieux Dec. 16, 1941 2,343,831 Osborne Mar. 7, 1944 2,365,291 Prutton Dec. 19, 1944 2,386,207 Reifi et a1. Oct. 9, 1945 2,494,283 Cassaday Jan. 10, 1950 2,529,304 Mikeska Nov. '7, 1950
Claims (1)
1. AS A NEW COMPOSITION OF MATTER A COMPOUND OF THE FORMULA
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US84482A US2645657A (en) | 1949-03-30 | 1949-03-30 | Thiophosphate esters |
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Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2713018A (en) * | 1953-02-18 | 1955-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Omcron, omcron-dialkyl s-(1, 2-dicarbalkoxyethyl) monothiophosphates and miticide compositions containing the same |
US2841553A (en) * | 1956-12-24 | 1958-07-01 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating oil additive |
US2895973A (en) * | 1955-02-09 | 1959-07-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Metal salts of dithiophosphoric acids |
US2898735A (en) * | 1954-08-12 | 1959-08-11 | Standard Oil Co | Rocket propulsion method |
US2937194A (en) * | 1956-09-28 | 1960-05-17 | Basf Ag | Production of esters of phosphoric acid and thionophosphoric acid |
US2941920A (en) * | 1957-04-22 | 1960-06-21 | Fmc Corp | Pesticidal phosphorus esters |
US2947662A (en) * | 1955-06-14 | 1960-08-02 | Montedison Spa | Alpha-substituted diethoxy-dithiophosphorylacetic esters |
US2959516A (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1960-11-08 | Ciba Ltd | Organic phosphate compounds and use thereof |
US3004055A (en) * | 1955-02-16 | 1961-10-10 | Montedison Spa | Process for preparing o,o-dialkyl, s-n-alkyl-carbamylmethyl phosphorodithioates |
US3047459A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1962-07-31 | Montedison Spa | New pesticidal compounds and methods of making same |
US3076009A (en) * | 1955-02-10 | 1963-01-29 | Bayer Ag | Thiophosphoric acid esters and production |
US3210397A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1965-10-05 | American Cyanamid Co | Alkylcarbamoylmethyl dimethyl-phosphorodithioates |
US3356771A (en) * | 1963-01-05 | 1967-12-05 | Basf Ag | Omicron, omicron-dialkylthionophosphoryl or omicron, omicron-dialkyldithiophosphoryl fatty acid chlorides |
FR2375318A1 (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-07-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | DITHIOPHOSPHORIC ESTERS USED AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES |
FR2383191A1 (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-10-06 | Ciba Geigy Ag | PHOSPHORIC AND PHOSPHORUS THIOESTERS FOR USE AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES |
FR2427338A2 (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-28 | Ciba Geigy Ag | NEW PHOSPHORODITHIOATE AND ITS USE AS AN ADDITIVE FOR LUBRICANTS |
US4333841A (en) * | 1978-10-19 | 1982-06-08 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Dithiophosphate lubricant additives |
EP0098809A2 (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-01-18 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Phosphoryl-mercaptocarboxylic-acid salts |
EP0819754A1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-01-21 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Beta-dithiophosphorilated propionic acid in lubricants |
US20070225181A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2007-09-27 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
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US2266514A (en) * | 1938-09-09 | 1941-12-16 | American Cyanamid Co | Esters of dithiophosphoric acids |
US2252675A (en) * | 1939-03-06 | 1941-08-12 | Lubri Zol Corp | Stabilized hydrocarbon composition and stabilizing agent therefor |
US2365291A (en) * | 1941-05-26 | 1944-12-19 | Lubri Zol Corp | Stabilizing agents for hydrocarbon compositions and the like |
US2343831A (en) * | 1941-06-26 | 1944-03-07 | American Cyanamid Co | Lubricating composition |
US2386207A (en) * | 1943-05-29 | 1945-10-09 | Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc | Method of making a dithiophosphoric acid of an alkyl-substituted phenol and a mineral oil containing this compound |
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Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2959516A (en) * | 1952-08-22 | 1960-11-08 | Ciba Ltd | Organic phosphate compounds and use thereof |
US2713018A (en) * | 1953-02-18 | 1955-07-12 | American Cyanamid Co | Omcron, omcron-dialkyl s-(1, 2-dicarbalkoxyethyl) monothiophosphates and miticide compositions containing the same |
US2898735A (en) * | 1954-08-12 | 1959-08-11 | Standard Oil Co | Rocket propulsion method |
US3047459A (en) * | 1954-11-09 | 1962-07-31 | Montedison Spa | New pesticidal compounds and methods of making same |
US2895973A (en) * | 1955-02-09 | 1959-07-21 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Metal salts of dithiophosphoric acids |
US3076009A (en) * | 1955-02-10 | 1963-01-29 | Bayer Ag | Thiophosphoric acid esters and production |
US3004055A (en) * | 1955-02-16 | 1961-10-10 | Montedison Spa | Process for preparing o,o-dialkyl, s-n-alkyl-carbamylmethyl phosphorodithioates |
US2947662A (en) * | 1955-06-14 | 1960-08-02 | Montedison Spa | Alpha-substituted diethoxy-dithiophosphorylacetic esters |
US2937194A (en) * | 1956-09-28 | 1960-05-17 | Basf Ag | Production of esters of phosphoric acid and thionophosphoric acid |
US2841553A (en) * | 1956-12-24 | 1958-07-01 | Standard Oil Co | Lubricating oil additive |
US2941920A (en) * | 1957-04-22 | 1960-06-21 | Fmc Corp | Pesticidal phosphorus esters |
US3210397A (en) * | 1957-07-01 | 1965-10-05 | American Cyanamid Co | Alkylcarbamoylmethyl dimethyl-phosphorodithioates |
US3356771A (en) * | 1963-01-05 | 1967-12-05 | Basf Ag | Omicron, omicron-dialkylthionophosphoryl or omicron, omicron-dialkyldithiophosphoryl fatty acid chlorides |
FR2375318A1 (en) * | 1976-12-23 | 1978-07-21 | Ciba Geigy Ag | DITHIOPHOSPHORIC ESTERS USED AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES |
FR2383191A1 (en) * | 1977-03-10 | 1978-10-06 | Ciba Geigy Ag | PHOSPHORIC AND PHOSPHORUS THIOESTERS FOR USE AS LUBRICANT ADDITIVES |
FR2427338A2 (en) * | 1978-05-30 | 1979-12-28 | Ciba Geigy Ag | NEW PHOSPHORODITHIOATE AND ITS USE AS AN ADDITIVE FOR LUBRICANTS |
US4333841A (en) * | 1978-10-19 | 1982-06-08 | Ciba-Geigy Corporation | Dithiophosphate lubricant additives |
EP0098809A2 (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-01-18 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Phosphoryl-mercaptocarboxylic-acid salts |
EP0098809A3 (en) * | 1982-07-09 | 1984-08-22 | Ciba-Geigy Ag | Phosphoryl-mercaptocarboxylic-acid salts |
EP0819754A1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1998-01-21 | Ciba SC Holding AG | Beta-dithiophosphorilated propionic acid in lubricants |
US5922657A (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 1999-07-13 | Ciba Specialty Chemicals Corporation | β-dithiophosphorylated porpionic acid in lubricants |
SG84506A1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2001-11-20 | Ciba Sc Holding Ag | Beta-dithiophosphorylated propionic acid in lubricants |
KR100441550B1 (en) * | 1996-07-15 | 2004-11-20 | 시바 스페셜티 케미칼스 홀딩 인크. | Β-dithiophosphorylated propionic acid in lubricants |
US20070225181A1 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2007-09-27 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
US9157046B2 (en) * | 2004-11-24 | 2015-10-13 | Nippon Oil Corporation | Lubricating oil composition |
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