KR980009432A - 윤활제에서의 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산 - Google Patents

윤활제에서의 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산 Download PDF

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KR980009432A
KR980009432A KR1019970032255A KR19970032255A KR980009432A KR 980009432 A KR980009432 A KR 980009432A KR 1019970032255 A KR1019970032255 A KR 1019970032255A KR 19970032255 A KR19970032255 A KR 19970032255A KR 980009432 A KR980009432 A KR 980009432A
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South Korea
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tert
butyl
composition
working fluids
oil
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KR1019970032255A
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KR100441550B1 (ko
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휴고 카멘진트
마르 리보
미카엘 프레트싱거
페터 로르바흐
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에른스트 알테르
시바 스페셜티 케미칼스 홀딩 인코포레이티드
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20—Metal working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
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    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/251—Alcohol fueled engines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/25—Internal-combustion engines
    • C10N2040/255—Gasoline engines
    • C10N2040/28—Rotary engines

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Abstract

A) 윤활제, 금속 공작액 또는 작동액, 특히 광물, 식물성 및 합성 오일(예컨데 폴리 -α-올레핀 또는 에스테르)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선정된 기재 오일.
B) 하기 화학식 (I)의 화합물 0.005 내지 1.0 중량% 및 필요한 경우.
C) 산화 방지제, 금속 탈화성화제, 녹 방지제, 분산제, 세제, 검도 지수 개선제, 유동점 억제제, 소포제, 고체 윤활제 및 기타 내마모 첨가제로 구성된 군으로부터 선정된 기타 통상의 오일 첨가제를 포함하는 조성물이 기재되어 있다.
식 중에서, R1및 R2는 독립해서 C3-C18알킬, C5-C12시클로알킬, C5-C6시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10비시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10트리시클로알킬메틸, 페닐 또는 C7-C24알킬페닐이거나 또는 합쳐져서 (CH3)2C(CH2)2이고, 또 R3는 H 또는 메탈임.

Description

[발명의 명칭]
윤활제에서의 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산
[발명의 상세한 설명]
[발명이 속하는 기술분야 및 그 분야의 종래기술]
본 발명은 윤활제(바람직하게는 공업용 오일이나 그리이스), 금속 공작액 또는 작동액 및 하나 이상의 하기 화학식 (1) 의 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산을 포함하는 조성물에 관한 것이다.
현대의 윤활제는 고압 마모와 부식으로부터 보호하는 기능을 수행하고 산화 방지제로 작용하는 첨가제와 함께 제제화된다. [W.J.Barte(편집자)등., "Additive fur Schmierstoffe"(Expert-Verlag 1994)]. 이와 관련해서 아연 디알킬디티오포스페이트가 적절한데, 이것은 고압 내마모 특성을 잦는 산화 방지제와 결합한 다 최근 들어서는 중금속이 함유된 이들 첨가제를 금속이 거의 없는 화합물로 대체하려는 시도가 있었는데 이는 생태학적으로 더 유익하고 내연기관의 배기 매연 촉매의 내구력에 대해 긍정적인 효과를 갖고 있기 때문이다. 현대 산업에서는 금속과 찌거기가 남지 않는 첨가제가 필요하다. 하기 식 유형의 에스테르는 IegaubeTM63이라는 상표명으로 구할 수 있다. 또 US 4,333,841호에는 윤활제 첨가제로 디티오포스포릴화 메르캅토아세트산과 그 염이 기재되어 있다.
비스-디티오인산 유도체는 GB-A 2,267,493호 윤활제 첨가제로 기재되어 있다. 동일한 용도로 EP-A98 809[CA 101 : 55323s]호는 M이 Li, K, Na 또는 HNR인 화학식 (RO)2P(S)S(CH2)nC(O)OM의 염을 제시하고 있다. US-A 5,362,419호에서는 예컨대, 윤활제 첨가제로 적합한 글리콜 에스테르 즉, 화학식 (RO)2P(S)(CH2)2C(O)OCH2(CHOH)CH2OH의 제조를 위한 중간체 산인 화학식 (RO)2P(S)S(CH2)2C(O)OH가 기재되어 있다.(또한 H.Zinke, R.Schmacher, Wear 179(1-2)(1994)45-8 [CA 122 : 85158t 참조.])
[발명이 이루고자 하는 기술적 과제]
중금속이 함유된 참가제를 사용함으로 인해 유발되는 문제를 해결하고 금속과 찌꺼기가 남지 않으며 낮은 농도에서도 탁월한 고압 내마모제라는 것이 밝혀졌다.
[발명의 구성 및 작용]
놀랍게도 상기 프로피네이트를 기재로 하는 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산 자체기 매우 낮은 농도에서도 탁월한 고압 내마모제라는 것이 밝혀졌다.
그러므로 본 발명은 A) 윤활제나 연료, 금속 공작액이나 작동액, 특별히 공업용 오일이나 그리이스, 특히 광물 오일, 식물성 오일 및 합성 오일(예컨데 폴리-α-올리핀 또는 에스테르)로 이루어진 군으로부터 선정된 기재 오일 :
B) 하나 이상의 상기 화학식 (I)의 화합물 : 및 필요에 따라서 R1과 R2가 서로 독립적으로 C3-C18알킬. C5-C12시클로알킬, C5-C6시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10비시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10트리시클로알킬메틸, 페닐 또는 C7-C24알킬페닐이거나 합쳐져서 (CH3)2C(CH2)2이고, R3은 H 또는 메탈임.
C) 예컨대, 산화 방지체, 금속 탈활성화제, 녹 방지제, 분산제, 세제, 점도 지수 개선제, 유동점 억제제 및 기타 내마모 첨가제로 구성된 군으로부터 통상의 기타 오일 첨가제를 포함하는 성분들(바람지가게는 아연과 찌꺼기가 남지 않는)에 관한 것이다.
성분 B)의 내용에서 R1및 R2는서로 독립해서 C3-C18알킬, C5-C6시클로알킬 또는 C7-C18알킬페닐이다.
성분 B)의 내용에서, R1과 R2는 이소프로필, 이소부틸 또는 2-에틸헥실이고, R3는 H 인 것이 특히 바람직하다.
상기 화학식 (I)에서 R1및 R2가 C3-C18알칼일 때, 이들은 측쇄 또는 직쇄 라디칼이다. 이러한 예로는 프로필, 이소프로필, n-부틸, 이소부틸, 삼차-부틸, 펜틸, 이소펜틸, 헥실, 헵틸, 3-헵틸, 옥실, 2-에틸헥실, 노닐, 데실, 운데실, 도데실, 트리데실, 테트라데실, 펜타데실, 헥사데실, 헵타데실, 옥타데실, 2-에틸부틸, 1-메틸펜틸, 1,3-디메틸부틸, 1,1,3,3-테트라메틸부틸, 1-메틸헥실, 이소헵틸, 1-메틸헵틸, 1,1,3-트리메틸헥실 및 1-메틸운데실이 있다.
C5-C12시클로알킬로서 R1 및 R2는, 예컨대, 시클로펜틸, 시클로헥실, 시클로헵틸, 시클로옥틸이나 시크로도데실일 수도 있다. 시클로펜틸과 시클로헥실이 바람직하며 특히 시클로헥실이 바람직하다.
C5-C6시클로알킬메틸로서 R1 및 R2는 시클로펜틸메틸, 특히 시클로헥실메틸이다. C9-C10비시클로알킬메틸로서 R1과 R2는 데카리닐메틸을 예로 들수 있다. C9-C10트리시클로알킬메틸로서 R1과 R2는 화학식
기의 의미를 갖는 것이 바람직하다.
알킬페닐의 예로는 메틸페닐, 디메틸페닐, 트리메틸페닐, 에틸페닐, 이소프로필페닐, 삼차-부티페닐, 디-삼차-부틸페닐과 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-메틸페닐 있다.
또한 본 발명은 윤활제(공업용 오일이나 그리이스), 작동액 또는 금속 공작액, 바람직하게는 작동액과 트랜스미션액에서 첨가제로서 성분 B)의 용도에 관한 것이다. 본 발명에 따른 용도는 윤활되어야 하는 금속 부분의 기계적 마모(고압과 마모 보호)로부터 보호와 부식 방지 효과를 포함한다. 결과적으로, 본 발명은 화학식 (I)의 화합물을 첨가하는 것을 포함하는, 윤활제, 금속 공작액 및 작동액의 사용 특성을 향상시키는 방법에 관한 것이다.
성분 A)의 윤활제나 연료(예컨대, 공업용 오일과 그리이스), 금속 공작액 및 작동액은, 예컨대, 광물 오일이나 합성 오일 또는 이들의 혼합물을 기재로 하고 있다. 이러한 윤활제는 숙련공에게 공지되어 있고, 또 관련 기술 문헌, 예컨대 Dieter Klamann, " Shmierstoffe und verwandte Produkte", (Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, 1982), in Schewe-Kobek, "Das Schmiermittel-Taschenbuch" (Dr.Alfred Huthig-Verlag, Heidelverg, 1974) 및 "Ulmanns Enzyklopadie der technischen Chemie", vol.13, pages 85-94(Verlag Chemie, Weimheim, 1977)에 기재되어 있다.
특별히 윤활제는 예를 들어 광물 오일을 기재로 한 오일과 그리이스가 있다. 오일이 바람직하다.
사용할 수 있는 또 다른 윤활재군은 식물성 또는 동물성 오일, 지방, 수지(tallows)및 왁스 또는 이들 상호간 또는 상기 광물 오일이나 합성 오일과 혼합물을 포함한다. 식물성 및 동물성 오일, 지방, 수지 및 왁스의 예로서 야자핵 오일, 야자유, 올리브 오일, 종자 오일, 무씨 오일, 아마씨 오일, 땅콩 오일, 콩 오일, 면화씨 오일, 해바라기 오일, 호박씨 오일, 코코넛 오일, 옥수수 오일, 아주까리 오일, 호도 오일과 이들의 혼합물, 어유(fish oil), 우지, 우족과 뼈 오일과 같은 도살된 동물의수지와 이들의 개질되거나, 에폭시화되고, 술폭시화된 형태, 예컨대 에폭시화된 콩기름 등이 있다. 특히 광물 오일은 탄화수소 화합물을 기재로 한다.
합성 윤활제의 예로는 지방족 또는 방향족 카르복실 에스테르, 중합제 에스테르, 폴리알킬렌 산화물 인산 에스테르, 폴리-α-올레핀 또는 실리콘이나. 예컨대 디옥틸 세바케이트나 드노닐 아데페이트와 같은이가 산과 일가 알코올의 디에스데르, 예컨대 트리메틸올프로판과 카프릴산과 세바스산 또는 이들의 혼합물의 복합체 에스테르와 같은 일가산 및 이가 산과 다가 알코올의 복합제 에스테르를 기재로 하는 윤활제를 포함한다. 특히 광물 오일 이외의 적합한 예로는 폴리-α-올레핀, 에스테르를 기재로 하는 윤활제, 포스페이트, 글리콜, 폴리글리콜과 폴리알킬렌 글리콜, 그리고 이들과 물의 혼합물을 들 수 있다.
공업용 오일, 그리이스, 금속 공작액 및 작동액은 윤활제에 대한 상술한 것과 동일한 물질을 기재로 하여 제조할 수 있다. 대부분의 경우 관련 조성물은 상기물질의 물이나 기타 액체 중의 유체이다.
예를 들면, 본 발명에 따른 윤활제 조성물은 내연기관, 예컨데 오토, 디젤, 2-행정시, 반켈 또는 오비탈형 엔진을 장착한 자동차에 사용된다.
성분 B)는 특정 형태의 엔진이 장착된 자동차의 연료 첨가제로도 적합하다.
화학식 (I)의 화합물은 윤활제, 연료, 금속 공작액 및 작동액에 쉽게 용해되므로 특별히 윤활제, 금속 공작액 및 작동액의 첨가제로도 적합하다.
본 발명의 조성물은 0.005 내지 0.1 중량%, 바람직하게는 0.005 내지 0.1 중량%, 특히 0.005 내지 0.05중량%의 화학식 (I)의 화합물을 포함하는 것이 유리한다.
화학식 (I)의 화합물은 공지된 방식으로 윤활제 또는 연료에 도입할 수 있다. 이 화합물은, 예컨대 오일에 쉽게 용해된다. 또한, 소비되는 정동의 농도를 이용하기 위해 상응하는 윤활유로 희석할 수 있는 소위 마스터뱃치를 제조할 수 있다. 그러한 경우, 1중량%를 초과하는 농도가 가능하다.
본 발명에 따라서 안정화된 윤활유 또는 연료, 금속 공작액 및 작동액은 제제의 기본적 특성을 더욱 향상시키기 위하여 부가적으로 다른 첨가제를 포함할 수 있다. 이런한 첨가제는 산화 방지제, 금속 탈활성화제, 기타 녹 방지제, 점도 지수 개선제, 유동점 억제제, 고체 윤활제, 분산제, 세제, 소포제, 고압 첨가제, 내마모 첨가제와 마찰 계수를 감소시키는 첨가제를 포함한다. 이러한 첨가제는 약 0.01 내지 10.0 중량% 범위의 통상의 양으로 첨가된다.
하기에 부가적인 첨가제의 예를 나타낸다.
페놀성 산화 방지제의 예:
1,1 알킬화 모노페놀, 예컨대 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-메틸페놀, 2-부틸-4,6-디메틸페놀, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-에틸페놀, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-n-부틸페놀, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-이소-부틸페놀, 2,6-디-시클로펜틸-4-메틸페놀, 2-(α-메틸시클로헥실)-4,6-디메틸페놀, 2,6-디-옥타데실-4-메틸페놀, 2,4,6-트리시클로-헥실페놀, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-메톡시메틸페놀, 선형이나 측쇄에 분지된 노닐페놀, 예컨대 2,6-디-노닐-4-메틸페놀, 2,4-디메틸-6-(1'-메틸운데스-1'-일)페놀, 2,4-디메틸-6-(1'-메틸헵타데스-1'-일)페놀, 2,4-디메틸-6-(1'-메탈트리데스-1'-일)페놀 및 이들의 혼합물.
1.2. 알킬티오메틸페놀, 예컨대 2,4-디옥틸티오메틸-6-삼차-부틸페놀, 2,4-디옥틸티오메틸-6-메틸페놀,-2,4-디옥틸티오메틸-6-에틸페놀, 2,6-디-도데실티오메틸-4-노닐페놀.
1.3 히드로퀴논 및 알킬화 히드로퀴논, 예컨데 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-4-메톡시페놀, 2,5-디-삼차-부틸히드로퀴논, 2,5-디-삼차-아밀히드로퀴논, 2,6-디페닐-4-옥타데실옥시페놀, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸히드로퀴논, 2,5-디- 삼차-부틸-4-히드록시아니솔, 3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시아니솔, 3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐스테아레이트, 비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)아디페이트.
1.4. 토코페롤, 예컨대 α-토코페롤, β-토코페롤, r-토코페롤, δ-토코페롤및 이들의 혼합물(비타민E)
1.5. 히드록시화 티오디페닐 에테르, 예컨대 2,2-티오비스(6-삼차-부틸-4-메틸페놀), 2,2'-티오비스(4-옥티페놀), 4,4'-티오비스(6-삼차-부틸-3-메틸페놀), 4,4'-티오비스-(6-삼차-부틸-2-메틸페놀), 4,4'-티오비스-(3,6-디-이차-아밀페놀), 4,4'-비스-(2,6-디메틸-4-히드로시페닐)디술피드.
1.6. 알킬리덴비스페놀, 예컨대 2,2'-메틸렌비스(6-삼차-부틸-4-메틸페놀), 2,2'-메틸렌비스(6-삼차-부틸-4-에틸페놀), 2,2'-메틸렌비스[4-메틸-6-(α-메틸시클로헥실)-페놀], 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4-메틸-6-시클로헥실페놀), 2,2'-메틸렌비스(6-노닐-4-메틸페놀), 2,2'-메틸렌비스(4,6-디-삼차-부틸페놀), 2,2'-에틸리덴비스(4,6-디-삼차-부틸페놀), 2,2'-에틸리덴비스(6-삼차-부틸-4-이소부틸페놀), 2,2'-메틸렌비스[6-(α-메틸벤질)-4-노닐페놀], 2,2'메틸렌비스[6-(α,α-디메틸벤질)-4-노닐페놀], 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2,6-디-삼차-부틸페놀), 4,4-메틸렌비스(6-삼차-부틸-2-메틸페놀), 1,1'-비스(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-4-히드록시-2-메틸페닐)부탄, 2,6-비스(3-삼차-부틸-5-메틸-2-히드록시벤질)-4-메틸페놀, 1,1,3-트리스(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-2-메틸페닐)부탄, 1,1-비스(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-2-메틸-페닐)-3-n-도데실메르캅토부탄, 에틸렌 글리콜 비스[3,3-비스(3'-삼차-부틸-4'-히드록시페닐)부티레이트], 비스(3-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-5-메틸페닐)디시클로펜타디엔, 비스[2-(3'-삼차-부틸-2'-히드록시-5'-메틸벤질)-6-삼차-부틸-4-메틸페닐]테레프탈레이트, 1,1-비스(3,5-디메틸-2-히드록시페닐)부탄, 2,2'-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)프로판, 2,2'-비스-(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-2-밀페닐)-4-n-도데실메르캅토부탄, 1,1,5,5-테트라-(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-2-메틸페닐)펜탄.
1.7. O-, N- 및 S-벤질 화합물, 예컨대 3,5,3',5'-테트라-삼차-부틸-4,4'-디히드록시디벤질 에테르, 옥타데실-4-히드록시-3,5-디메틸벤질메르캅토아세테이트, 트리데실-4-히드록시-3,5-디-삼차-뷜벤질메르캅토아세테이트, 트리스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸)아민, 비스(4-삼차-부틸-3-히드록시-2,6-디메틸벤질)디티오테레프탈레이트, 비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시베질)술피드, 이소옥틸-3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질메르캅토아세테이트.
1.8. 히드록시벤질화 말로네이트, 예컨데 디오타데실 2,2-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-2-히드록시벤질)말로네이트, 디-오타데실 2-(3-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-5-메틸벤질)말로네이트, 디-도데실 메르캅토에틸-2,2-비스-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록실벤질)말로네이트, 비스[4-(1,1,3,3-테트라메틸부틸)페닐]-2,2-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질)말로네이트.
1.9. 방향족 히드록시벤질 화합물, 예컨대 1,3,5-트리스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질)-2,4,6-트리메틸벤젠, 1,4-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질)-2,3,5,6-테트라메틸벤젠, 2,4,6-트리스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질)페놀.
1.10. 트리아진 화합물, 예컨대 2,4-비스(옥틸메르캅토)-6-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시아닐리노)-1,3,5-트리아진, 2-옥틸메르캅토-4,6-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시아닐리노)-1,3,5-트리아진, 2-옥틸메르캅토-4,6-비스(3,5-디-삼차-ㅂ틸-4-히드록시페녹시)-1,2,3-트리아진, 1,3,5-트리스-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질)이소시아누레이트, 1,3,5-트리스(4-삼차-부틸-3-히드록시-2,6-디메틸벤질)이소시아누레이트, 2,4,6-트리스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐에틸)-1,3,5-트리아진, 1,3,5-트리아진, 1,3,5-트리스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐프로피오닐)-헥사히드로-1,3,5-트리아진, 1,3,5-트릿(3,5-디시클로헥실-4-히드로시벤질)이소시아누레이트.
1.11. 벤질포스포네이트, 예컨대 디메틸-2,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질포스포네이트, 디에틸-3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질포스포네이트, 디옥타데실-3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시벤질포스포네이트, 디옥타데실-5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록실-3-메틸 벤질포스포네이트, 3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시 벤질폿폰산의모노에틸 에스테르의 칼슘 염.
1.12. 아실아미노페놀, 예컨대 4-히드록시라우르아닐리드, 4-히드록시스테아르아닐리드, 옥틸 N-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)카프바메이트.
1.13. 일가 또는 다가 알코올, 예컨대 메탄올, 에탄올, n-옥탄올, i-옥탄올, 옥타데칸올, 1,6-헥산디올, 1,9-노난디올, 에틸렌 글리콜, 1,2-프로판디올, 네오펜틸 글리콜, 티어디에틸렌 글리콜, 디에틸렌 글리콜,트리에틸렌 글리콜, 펜타에리트피톨, 트리스(히드록시에틸)이서시아누레이트, N,N'-비스(히드록시에틸)옥살아미드, 3-티아운데칸올, 3-티아펜타데칸올, 트리메틸헥산디올,트리메틸올프로판, 4-히드록시메틸-1-포스파-2,6,7-트리옥사비시클로[2,2,20옥탄, 글리세롤과 β-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)프로피온산, β-(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시-3-메틸페닐)프로피온산, β-(3,5-디시클로헥시-4-히드록시페닐)-프로피온산, 3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐아세트산이나 β-(5-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)-3-티아부티르산의 에스테르와 예컨대, 코코넛 오일, 무씨 오일, 헤바라기 오일, 또는 종자 오일의 천연 트리클리세이드를 기재로한 에스테르 교환 반응의 생성물.
1.14. β-(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐)프로피온산의 아미드, 예컨대 N,N'-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐프로피오닐)헥사메틸렌디아민, N,N'-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐프로피오닐)트리메틸렌디아민, N,N'-비스(3,5-디-삼차-부틸-4-히드록시페닐프로피오닐)히드라진.
1.15. 아스코르브산(비타민 C)
1.16. 아민 산화방지제, 예컨대 N,N'-디-이소프로필-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-디-이차-부틸-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-비스(1,4-디메틸펜틸)-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-비스(1-에틸-3-메틸펜틸)-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-비스(1-메틸헵틸)-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-디시클로헥실-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-디페닐-p-페닐렌디아민, N,N'-디-(나프트-2일)-p-페닐렌디아민, N-이소프로필-N'-페닐-p-페닐렌디아민, N-(1,3-디메틸부틸)-N'-페닐-p-페닐렌디아민, N-(1-메틸헵틸)-N'-페닐-p-페닐디아민, N-시클로헥실-N'-페닐-p-페닐렌디아민, 4-(p-톨루엔술폰아미도)-디페닐아민, N,N'-디-이차-부틸-p-페닐렌디아민, N-알릴디페닐아민, 4-이소프로폭시디페닐아민, N-페닐-1-나프틸아민, N-(4-삼차-옥틸페닐)-1-나프틸아민, N-페닐-2-나프틸아민, 옥틸화 디페닐아민, 예컨대 p,p'-디-삼차-옥틸디페닐아민, 4-n-부틸아미노-페놀, 4-부티릴아미노-페놀, 4-노나노일아미노-페놀, 4-도데카노일아미노-페놀, 4-옥타데카노일아미노페놀, 디-(4-메톡시페닐)아민, 2,6-디-삼차-부틸-디메티아미노메틸페놀, 2,4'-디아미노디페닐메탄, 4,4'-디아미노디페닐메탄, N,N,N',N'-테트라메틸-4,4'-디아미노디페닐메탄, 1,2-디[(2-메틸페닐)아미노]에탄, 1,2-디(페닐아미노)프로판, (o-톨일)비구아니드, 디[4-(1'3'-디메틸부틸)아민, 삼차-옥틸화 N-페닐-1-나프틸아민, 모노- 및 디알길화 삼차-부틸/삼차-옥틸디페닐아민의 혼합물, 모노- 및 디알킬화 노닐디페닐아민의 혼합물, 모노- 및 디알킬화 도데실디페닐아민의 혼합물, 모노- 및 디알킬화 이소프로필/이소헥실디페닐아민의 혼합물, 모노- 및 디알킬호 삼차-부틸디페닐아민의 혼합물, 2,3-디히드로-3,3-디메틸-4H-1,4-벤조티아진, 페노티아진, 모노- 및 디알킬화 삼차-부틸/삼차 옥틸페노티아진의 혼합물, 모노- 및 디알킬화 삼차-옥틸-페노티아진의 혼합물, N-알릴페노티아진, N,N,N',N'-테트라페닐-1,4-디아미노부트-2-엔, N,N'-비스(2,2,6,6-테트라메틸-피페리딘-4-일-헥사메틸렌디아민, 비스(2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘-4-일)세바케이트, 2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘-4-온, 2,2,6,6-테트라메틸피페리딘-4-올.
다른 산화 방지제의 예 :
지방족 또는 방향족 아인산염, 티어디프로피온산 또는 티오디아세트산의 에스테르, 디티오카르밤산 또는 디티오포스포르산의 염, 2,2,12,12-테트라메틸-5,9-디히드록시-3,7,11-트리티아트리테칸 및 2,2,15,15-테트라메틸-5,12-디하드록시-3,7,10,14-테트라티아헥사데칸
예컨대 구리에 대한 금속 탈활성화제의 예 :
a)벤조트리아졸과 그 유도체, 예컨대 4- 또는 5- 알킬벤조트리아졸(예를 들면, 톨루트리아졸)과 그 유도체, 4,5,6,7-테트라히드로벤조트리아졸, 5,5'-메틸렌비스벤조트리아졸 : 1-[디(2-에틸헥실)아미노메틸]톨루트리아졸과 1-[디(2-에틸헥실)아미노메틸]-벤조트리아졸과 같은 벤조트리이졸 또는 톨루트리아졸의 만니히(Mannich) 염기 : 1-(노닐옥시메틸)-벤조트리아졸, 1-(1-부톡시에틸)-벤조트리아졸과 1-(1-시크로헥실옥시부틸)-톨루트리아졸과 같은 알콕시알킬벤조트리아졸.
b) 1,2,4-트리아졸과 그 유도체, 예컨데 3-알킬(또는 아릴)-1,2,4-트리아졸, 1-[디(에틸헥실)아미노메틸]-1,2,4-트리아졸과 같은 만니히 염기 : 1-(1-부톡시에틸)-1,2,4-트리아졸과 같은 알콕시알킬-1,2,4-트리아졸 : 알킬화 3-아미노 -1,2,4-트리아졸.
c) 이미다졸 유도체, 예컨대 4,4'-메틸렌비스(2-운데실-5-메틸-이미다졸), 비스[(N-메틸)이미다졸-2-일]카르비놀 옥틸 에테르
d) 황을 함유하는 헤테르 고리 화합물 예컨대 2-메프캅토벤조티아졸, 2,5-디메르캅토-1,3,4-티아디아졸, 2,5-디메르캅토벤조티아디아졸과 그 유도체 : 3,5-비스[디(2-에틸헥실)아미노메틸]-1,3,4-티아디아졸린-2-온
e) 아미노 화합물, 예컨대 살리실리덴프로필렌디아민, 살리실아미노구아니딘과 그의 염.
녹 방지제의 예 :
a) 유기산, 유기산 에스테르,금속 염, 아민 염과 무수물, 예컨대 알킬-과 알케닐숙신산 및 이들과 알코올, 디올 또는 히드록시키르복시산과의 부분 에스테르, 알킬-과 알케닐숙신산, 4-노닐페녹시아세트산, 알콕시-와 알콕시에톡시카르복시산의 부분 아미드, 예컨대 도데실옥시아세트산, 도데실옥시(에톡시)아세트산 및 그의 아민 염, 그리고 N-올레오일사르코신, 소르비탄 모노올레에이트, 납 나프테네이트, 알케닐숙신산 무수물, 예컨대 도데실숙신산 무수물, 2-(2-카르복시에틸)-1-도데실-3-메틸글리세린과 그의 염, 특히 나트륨과 트리에탄올아민 염.
b) 질소를 함유하는 화합물, 예컨대 : ⅰ. 일차, 이차, 또는 삼차 지방족이나 시클로지방족 아민과 유기 및 무기산의 아민염, 예컨대 오일 용해성 알킬암모늄 카르복실레이트와 1-[N,N-비스(2-히드록시에틸)아미노]-3-(4-노닐페녹시)프로판- 2-올.
ⅱ. 헤테로고리 화합물, 예컨대 : 치환 이미다졸린과 옥사졸린, 2-헵타데세닐-1-(2-히드록시에틸)-이미다졸린
c) 인을 함유하는 화합물 예컨대 인산 부분 에스테르나 포스폰산 부분 에스테르의 아민 염, 아연 디알 킬디티오포스페이트.
d) 황을 함유하는 화합물, 예컨대 디노닐나프탈렌술폰산 바륨, 석유술폰산 칼슘, 알킬티오-치환 지방족 카르복시산, 지방족 2-술포카르복시산의 에스테르 및 그의 염.
e) 글리세린 유도체, 글리세린 모노올레에이트, 1-(알킬페녹시)-3-(2-히드록시에틸)글리세린, 1-(알킬페녹시)-3-(2,3-디히드록시프로필)글리세린, 2-카르복시알킬-1,3-디알킬글리세린.
점도 지시 개선제의 예 :
폴리아크릴레이트, 폴리메타크릴레이트, 비닐피롤리돈/메타크릴레이트 공중합체, 폴리비닐피롤리돈, 폴리부텐, 올레핀 공중합체, 스티렌/아크릴레이트 공중합체, 폴리에테르
유동점 억제제의 예 :
폴리메타크릴레이트, 알킬화 나프탈렌 유도체.
분산제/계면 활성제의 예 :
폴리부텐일숙신아미드 또는 -아미드, 폴리부텐일포스폰산 유도체와 염기성 마그네슘, 칼슘 및 바륨 술포네이트와 -페놀레이트
소포제의 예 :
실리콘 오일과 폴리메토크릴렌.
고체 윤활제의 예:
Teflon TM 또는 황사 몰리브덴
마모 조절 첨가제의 예 :
황 첨가 올레핀과 식물성 오일, 아연 티알킬디티오포스페이트, 트리톨릴 포스페이트, 트리크레실 포스페이트, 염화소 파라핀, 알킬과 아릴의 디- 및 트리술피드, 모노- 및 디알킬 포스포페이트의 아민 염, 메틸포스폰산의 아민 염, 디에탄올아미노메틸톨릴트리아졸, 디(2-에틸헥실)-아미노메틸톨릴트리아졸, 2,5-디메르캅토-1,3,4-티아디아졸의 유도체, 에틸(비스이소프로필옥시포시피노티오일)티오]프로티오네이트, 트리페닐 티오포스페이트(트리페닐 포스포로디오에이트), 트리스(알킬페닐)포스포로티오에이트와 같은 황- 및/또는 인- 및/또는 할로겐- 함유 화합물과 그 혼합물(예컨대, 트리스(이소노닐페닐)포스포로티오에이트, 디페닐모노노닐페닐 포스포로티오에이트, 이소부틸페닐 디페닐 포스포로티오에이트, 3-히드록시-1,3-티아포스페탄 3-옥사이드의 도데실아민 염,트리티오인산 5,5,5-트리스[이소옥틸 2-아세테이트], 1-[N,N-비스(2-에틸헥실)아미노메탈-2-메르캅토-1H-1,3-벤조티아졸과 같은 2-메르캅토벤조티아졸의 유도체 및 에톡시카르보닐 5-옥틸디티오카르바메이트).
화학식 (I)의 화합물과 그 제법은 공지되어 있다.
예컨대, V.V. Ovchinnikov et al, Org. React(Tartu)15(2)(1978), 194-203(engl)[CA 90 : 120801s] 및 L.A Belova et Obshch Khim 51(9)91981) 1982-88(Russ)[CA 96 : 103597m]에서 기재된 대로 다양한 생성물과 적용에 대해 기본적인 중간체로 사용된다.
본 발명에 따른 화합물은, 예컨대 하기 식에 따라 제조된다.
디티오인산을 아클리산 또는 케나크릴산에 첨가함으로써 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산을 합성하는상기 방법은 공지되어 있고 예컨대 US 5,362,491G호9실시예 1-11)에 기재되어 있다.
하기 실시예 1 내지 3에는 본 발명에 따라 조성물에 사용된 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산의 합성이 정리되어 있다. 달리 언급하지 않는 한 부와 퍼센트는 중량 기준이다.
[실시예 1]
아크릴산 7.2g(0.1물)을 80℃에서 20분에 걸쳐 50㎖의 톨루엔 중의 21.4g(0.1물) O,O-디이소프로필디티오인산에 적가하였다. 80℃에서 5시간동안 계속 교반시켰다. 회전 증발기에서 용매를 제거한 후 잔류물을 실리카겔상에서 칼럼 크로마토그라피에 의해 분리하여 11.8g의 황색의 액체 주 생성물을 수득하였다.(이론치의 41%)
분석 : C 37.99%(계산치 37.75), H 6.76% (계산치 6.69)
S 22.17% (계산치 22.39), P 10.80% (계산치 10.82) :
31P NMR (H3P04 기준) : 91.84ppm
[실시예 2]
아크릴산 81.4g(1.1물)을 70℃에서 1시간에 걸쳐 252.4g(1.1물)의 O,O-디이소부틸디티오인산에 적가하고 70℃에서 4시간동안 계속 교반시켰다. 조생성물을 2N 수산화 나트륨 용액에 용해시키고 300㎖의 석유알코올(비점 범위 80 내지 110℃)에 2회 세척하였다. 그 후 짙은 염산을 이용하여 pH 1로 산성화시키고 약 150㎖의 석유 알코올로 추출하였다. 유기층을 물로 씻은 후 회전 증발기상에서 농축시켜 중점도의 투명한 담황색 오일을 수득하였다.(이론치의 91%)
분석 : C 42.02% (계산치 42.62%), H 7.29% (계산치 7.37%)
S 20.29% (계산치 20.40%), P 10.2% (계산치 9.85%) ;
n20D ; 1.5006;
1H-NMR(CDC13 용액중의 테트라메틸실란 기준);
1.02ppm(d, 12H), 2.05ppm(hept, 2H), 2.86ppm(t,2H0, 3.17ppm(dXt, 2H), 3.89ppm(dXhept, 4H)
[실시예 3]
아크릴산 7.21g(0.1물)을 75℃에서 15분 동안 50㎖ 톨루엔 용액 중에서 35.5g(0.1물) O,O-디(2-에틸헥실)디티오인산에 적합하였다. 75℃에서 5시간동안 계속 교반시켰다. 혼합물에 대해 실시예 1과 같이 실시하여 21.8g의 황색 오일을 수득하였다.(이론치의 51%)
분석 : C 53.86% (계산치 53.62%), H 9.23% (계산치 9.0%)
S 15.77% (계산치 15.07%), P 7.3% (계산치 7.26%)
본 발명의 조성물의 유리한 점은 비교적 적은 양의 β-디티오포스폴화 프로피온산으로 놀랄만큼 충분히 내마모 특성 및 작동액과 트랜스미션액에 대한 매우 양호한 내력 특성을 나타내는 점에 있다. 따라서 구리의 부식 및 존재하는 칼슘 화합물과의 비상용성(침전 반응)과 같은 부정적인 부작용을 최소화 할수 있다. 또한, 부가적인 부식 보호 작용도 제공된다.
작동액과 트랜스미션액은 매우 양호한 내마모(AW) 특성과 극압(EP) 내력 특성이 동시에 필요하다.
공지된 금속이 없는 인/황 첨가제[W.J.Bartz et al., "Additive fun Schmierstoffe"(1994), p.88-116]를 이용하여 양호한 내마모 특성을 달성하는 것은 상대적으로 용이하다. 그러나, 특히 트랜스미션액에 대한 탁월한 내력 특성을 달성하는 것은 매우 용이하지 않다. 하기 FZG 기아 바퀴 시험은 트랜스미션액에 대한 모델계로 이용되며 내력 특성에 대한 정보를 보야준다.(하기 실시예 4 참조.)
저 농도 (0.2% 미만)의 통상의 내마모 첨가제를 사용하여서는 FZG 시험에서 탁월한 값(파괴 하중 단계 〉 12)을 달성하기가 곤란하다.
그러나 놀랍게도 상대적으로 낮은 농도(단지 0.005 내지 0.05%)의 화학식 (I)의 화합물은 매우 양호 내지 탁월한 FZG 값을 나타낸다.(표 1의 8 및 10칸 참조)
[실기예 4]
하기 제제를 FZG 트랜스미션 시험으로 시험하였다.(DIN 51,354,A/8.3/90에서 기재)(표 1). 이 시험은 트랜스미션액용 윤활제의 내력 특성을 측정하였다. 시험 중 윤활유에 담그고, 일정한 속력 및 초기 오일 온도를 고정시킨 상태에서 기아 바퀴를 운전하였다. 기아 바퀴에 의해 가해진 하중을 점차 증가시켰다. 출력 수준 4 이상부터, 각 출력 수준 후 기아 톱니 바퀴의 측면 변화는 사진,조도 측정 또는 콘트라스트임프레션에 의한 기재 사항으로 확인할 수 있다. 하중 한계 수준은 파괴될 때 하중 수준의 한 단계 아래수준(즉, 기아 바튀 측면의 2이상의 명백한 손상(균열 등)을 보여주는 수준)이 된다.
기본 제제 ; IrganoxTML 135-6: 0.3% ; IrganoxTML 577: 0.1% : HitecTM5368: 0.007% :IrganoxTM399: 0.04/%
기제 오일 : ISO VG36 ex Texaco ;2AW 1 : IrgalubeTMTPPT(트리페닐 티오노포스페이트)3AW 2 : IeglubeTM63 {에틸 3-[(비스이소프로필옥시포스피노티오일)티오]프로피오네이트}
4AW 3 : 필히 트리(노닐페닐)티오노포스페이트(EP 368 803호에 기재)로 이루어진 트린[(알크)아릴] 티오노포스페이트의 액상 혼합물 ;5AW 4 :비스(O,O-디티오포스페이트)
91-[비스(2-에틸헥실)아미노메틸]-4-메틸벤조트리아졸
[발명의 효과]
본 발명에 따른 조성물은 비교적 적은 양의 β-디티오포스포릴화 프로피온산을 사용하여 놀랄만큼 충분한 내마모 특성 및 작동액과 트랜스미션액에 대한 매우 양호한 내력 특성을 나타낸다.

Claims (13)

  1. A) 윤활제나 연료, 금속 공작액이나 작동액 : B) 하나 이상의 하기 화학식 (I)의 화합물 ; 및 필요에 따라서 C) 기타 통상의 오일 첨가제를 포함하는 조성물;
    상기 식 중에서, R1및 R2가 독립해서 C3-C18알킬, C5-C12시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10비시클로알킬메틸, C9-C10트리시클로알킬메틸, 페닐 또는 C7-C24알칼페닐이거나 또는 합쳐져서 (CH3)2C(CH2)2이고, 또 R3는 H 또는 메틸임.
  2. 제 1항에 있어서, 화학식 (I)의 화합물을 0.005 내지 0.01 중량% 함유하는 조성물.
  3. 제 1항에 있어서, 화학식 (I)의 화합물을 0.005 내지 0.01 중량% 함유하는 조성물
  4. 제 1항에 있어서, 성분 A)가 공업용 오일 또는 그리이스인 조성물.
  5. 제 1항에 있어서, 성분 A)가 광물, 식물성 및 합성 오일로 이루어진 군으로 부터 선정된 기재 오일인 조성물.
  6. 제 1항에 있어서, R1및 R2가 독립해서 C3-C18알킬, C5-C6시클로알킬 또는 C7-C18알킬페닐인 조성물
  7. 제 1항에 있어서, R1및 R2가 이소프로필, 이소부틸 또는 2-에틸헥실이고 또 R3가 H인 조성물
  8. 제 1항에 있어서, 산화 방지제, 금속 탈활성화제, 녹 방지제, 분산제, 세제, 소포제, 고체 윤활제, 점도 지소 개선제, 유동점 억제제 및 내마모 첨가제로 구성된 군으로부터 선정된 C) 기타 오일 첨가제를 부가적으로 포함하는 조성물.
  9. 제 1항에 기재된 화학식 (I)의 하나 이상의 화합물을 첨가함으로써 윤활제, 작동액 또는 금속 공작액의 사용 특성을 향상시키는 방법.
  10. 제 9항에 있어서, 작동액 또는 트랜스미션 오일의 사용 특성을 향상시키는 방법.
  11. 제 1항에 있어서, 아연을 함유하지 않는 조성물
  12. 제 1항에 있어서, 기본적으로 찌꺼기가 없는 조성물
  13. 제 1항에 기재된 성분 B)의 윤활제, 작동액 또는 금속 공작액용 첨가제로서의 용도.
    ※ 참고 사항 : 최초출원 내용에 의하여 공개하는 것임.
KR1019970032255A 1996-07-15 1997-07-11 윤활제에서의β-디티오포스포릴화프로피온산 KR100441550B1 (ko)

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US5922657A (en) 1999-07-13
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