EP0764127A1 - Vorrichtung zum halten und abgeben einer homogenen cellulosesuspension - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum halten und abgeben einer homogenen cellulosesuspensionInfo
- Publication number
- EP0764127A1 EP0764127A1 EP96905589A EP96905589A EP0764127A1 EP 0764127 A1 EP0764127 A1 EP 0764127A1 EP 96905589 A EP96905589 A EP 96905589A EP 96905589 A EP96905589 A EP 96905589A EP 0764127 A1 EP0764127 A1 EP 0764127A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- mixing vessel
- homogeneous
- suspension
- inlet
- cylindrical
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 title abstract 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 15
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 5
- LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylmorpholine N-oxide Chemical compound CN1(=O)CCOCC1 LFTLOKWAGJYHHR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000433 Lyocell Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000297 Rayon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000001015 abdomen Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium sulfate Chemical compound [Ba+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O TZCXTZWJZNENPQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000010428 baryte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052601 baryte Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001212 derivatisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/75—Discharge mechanisms
- B01F35/754—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer
- B01F35/75455—Discharge mechanisms characterised by the means for discharging the components from the mixer using a rotary discharge means, e.g. a screw beneath the receptacle
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D1/00—Treatment of filament-forming or like material
- D01D1/02—Preparation of spinning solutions
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a device for holding and dispensing a homogeneous cellulose suspension, namely a cylindrical, substantially horizontally mounted mixing vessel with an inlet for the homogeneous suspension, an agitator shaft with agitating elements attached thereto, the agitator shaft being axially supported in the cylindrical mixing vessel, and a discharge device for the homogeneous suspension.
- NMMO N-Methylmorpholine-N-oxide
- Other amine oxides are described, for example, in EP-A - 0 533 070.
- a method for producing moldable cellulose solutions is known, for example, from EP-A-0 356 419.
- the production of cellulosic moldings using tertiary amine oxides is generally referred to as the amine oxide process.
- 4,246,221 describes an amine oxide process for producing spinnable cellulose solutions, which uses, inter alia, a mixture of cellulose in liquid, aqueous N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide (NMMO) as the starting material.
- NMMO N-methylmorpholine-N-oxide
- This process has many stages. First, a suspension of cellulose in the aqueous amine oxide solution is prepared in a batch mixer and the mixture is simultaneously heated under reduced pressure, water being drawn off and a first solution being prepared. This first solution is then held in a tank which serves as a buffer vessel, then fed to a filter device and then converted into a moldable solution in an extruder. The moldable solution is finally spun into filaments in a molding tool, for example a spinneret, which are then passed through a precipitation bath.
- a molding tool for example a spinneret
- WO 94/28217 a method for producing a premix based on cellulose is known, from which a moldable cellulose solution can be produced. According to this method, crushed cellulose and an amine oxide solution are introduced into a horizontally mounted, cylindrical mixing chamber, which has a rotor with axially spaced stirring elements. The mixture is stirred in the mixing chamber by rotating the rotor at a speed of 40 to 80 revolutions per minute. The mixture in the mixing chamber is preferably kept at a temperature above 65 ° C.
- WO 94/28217 also describes a funnel-shaped tank which is arranged vertically and in which stirring arms are provided. The premix in this tank should be kept in a homogeneous state. The homogeneous premix is pumped out with piston pumps.
- the amine oxide process runs through a series of stages, from the comminution of the cellulose, the production of the cellulose suspension, optionally one Subsequent further homogenization of the cellulose suspension, the transfer of the homogeneous cellulose suspension into the moldable cellulose solution up to the molding process itself, that is to say the production of fibers, films or other shaped bodies. So that the individual process stages deliver their respective products with constant quality, it is desirable that all process stages work continuously and without interruption if possible.
- the object of the present invention is therefore to design the amine oxide process in such a way that brief interruptions in the overall process can be handled and a brief interruption in one stage of the process does not lead to an interruption in the other stages.
- stirrer shaft with stirrer elements attached to it, which stirrer shaft is axially supported in the cylindrical mixing vessel and keeps the suspension introduced through the inlet in a homogeneous state by rotation
- a discharge device for the homogeneous suspension is characterized in that the discharge device is designed as a screw conveyor, which is attached to the underside of the mixing vessel, the conveyor screw being connected to the interior of the mixing vessel.
- the invention is based on the knowledge that the object on which the present invention is based can best be achieved with a container which can serve as a buffer for homogeneous cellulose suspension and always contains, on the one hand, a certain amount of homogeneous suspension which, if briefly interrupted the suspension preparation serves as a supply and with which cellulose solution can be produced and the mold can be fed during the time of the interruption, so that, for example the production of the fibers does not need to be interrupted.
- the container according to the invention should have a certain amount of empty space in order to be able to take up additional homogeneous suspension, so that the suspension production during a brief standstill of the spinning operation, e.g. when changing the spinneret, does not need to be interrupted.
- a particular problem with keeping homogeneous suspensions of cellulose in aqueous amine oxide solution is to prevent the homogeneous suspension from segregating, i.e. the cellulose settles out of the liquid phase. This danger also exists during the delivery of the homogeneous suspension to the subsequent process step. Both problems are solved with the device according to the invention. It has been shown that settling of the cellulose during discharge can be effectively prevented if a screw conveyor is provided for discharge, which is connected to the interior of the mixing vessel. The feed zone of the screw conveyor should thus open directly into the interior of the mixing vessel.
- auxiliaries such as stabilizers, dispersants, spinning aids, reactivity-improving reagents, incorporation media of an inorganic or organic nature (barite, activated carbon, SiO 2, CMC, modifiers (polyethylene glycols) and others Polymers such as nylon and dyes, which are contained in the suspension, come in.
- auxiliaries such as stabilizers, dispersants, spinning aids, reactivity-improving reagents, incorporation media of an inorganic or organic nature (barite, activated carbon, SiO 2, CMC, modifiers (polyethylene glycols) and others Polymers such as nylon and dyes, which are contained in the suspension, come in.
- a preferred embodiment of the device according to the invention is characterized in that stirring elements are provided which are arranged in this way that they sweep over the discharge opening.
- Another advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention is that the screw conveyor is provided diametrically opposite the inlet.
- the device according to the invention is designed such that the ratio of the absorption capacity of the discharge device to the absorption capacity of the cylindrical mixing vessel is at least 1: 100.
- the rotor 2 is driven by a motor 4.
- the homogeneous cellulose suspension is introduced into the cylindrical container 1 via the inlet opening 5, is grasped by the transport sheets 3 and is constantly mixed and kept in motion inside the container 1 by the stirring blades 3.
- the homogeneous suspension is removed from the container 1 by means of the screw conveyor 7 operated by the motor 9 and is pumped e.g. supplied to a device (not shown) in which the suspension is continuously converted into a moldable solution.
- a thin-film treatment apparatus is expediently used for this. Such a process is known from EP-A - 0 356 419.
- the feed zone of the screw conveyor 7 is in direct connection with the interior of the container 1.
- the screw conveyor 7 is expediently flanged to the underside of the container 1, the outlet opening 6, ie the connection between the feed zone of the screw conveyor 7 and the interior of the container 1, being square or can be rectangular.
- the container 1 In normal operation, the container 1 is about half filled with a homogeneous suspension.
- a device which is designed as a mixer and consists essentially of the container 1, the rotor 2 with attached stirring elements 3, the motor 4 and the inlet opening 5 is from the company Draiswerke GmbH, Mannheim, Germany, under the name of turbulent mixer type KT 1000 FM I put on the market.
- the outlet opening is attached in the middle as a kind of flap around the lower end of the container belly.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
- Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
- Artificial Filaments (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
- Mixers Of The Rotary Stirring Type (AREA)
- Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
- Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
- Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT7129/55 | 1995-04-25 | ||
AT0071295A AT409130B (de) | 1995-04-25 | 1995-04-25 | Verwendung einer vorrichtung zum halten und abgeben einer homogenen cellulosesuspension |
PCT/AT1996/000059 WO1996033934A1 (de) | 1995-04-25 | 1996-03-25 | Vorrichtung zum halten und abgeben einer homogenen cellulosesuspension |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0764127A1 true EP0764127A1 (de) | 1997-03-26 |
EP0764127B1 EP0764127B1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
Family
ID=3497821
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP96905589A Expired - Lifetime EP0764127B1 (de) | 1995-04-25 | 1996-03-25 | Vorrichtung zum halten und abgeben einer homogenen cellulosesuspension |
Country Status (23)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5921675A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0764127B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JPH10502604A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1152287A (de) |
AT (2) | AT409130B (de) |
AU (1) | AU713310B2 (de) |
BG (1) | BG62647B1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR9606338A (de) |
CA (1) | CA2193358A1 (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ292838B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19680270D2 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2303577A (de) |
HK (1) | HK1010359A1 (de) |
HU (1) | HU223552B1 (de) |
MX (1) | MX9700039A (de) |
NO (1) | NO965560D0 (de) |
PL (1) | PL317655A1 (de) |
RO (1) | RO114112B1 (de) |
SK (1) | SK283159B6 (de) |
TR (1) | TR199600280A2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW341960U (de) |
WO (1) | WO1996033934A1 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA962932B (de) |
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IT1304879B1 (it) * | 1998-07-27 | 2001-04-05 | Tecnorama Srl | Impianto e metodo operativo per l'alimentazione di macchine per latintura in continuo di materiali tessili |
DE10007794A1 (de) | 2000-02-21 | 2001-06-28 | Zimmer Ag | Polymerzusammensetzung und daraus hergestellter Formkörper |
JP4104596B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-30 | 2008-06-18 | ヒョスング コーポレーション | 高均質セルロース溶液及びそれを用いた高強力リヨセル繊維 |
KR100488604B1 (ko) * | 2003-07-25 | 2005-05-11 | 주식회사 효성 | 라이오셀 멀티 필라멘트 |
DE102005001802A1 (de) * | 2004-09-30 | 2006-04-06 | List Holding Ag | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Durchführung von Polymerisationsprozessen |
KR100575388B1 (ko) * | 2004-12-30 | 2006-05-03 | 주식회사 효성 | 고균질 셀룰로오스 용액 및 이로 부터 제조된 섬유 |
US20060264865A1 (en) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-11-23 | Carstens Jerry E | System comprising thong-shaped holder and absorbent interlabial article |
DE102006015541A1 (de) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | List Holding Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Behandlung von zähviskosen Produkten |
KR100721443B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-27 | 2007-05-23 | 주식회사 효성 | 고무보강용 셀룰로오스 열처리 코드 |
KR100674670B1 (ko) * | 2006-04-27 | 2007-01-25 | 주식회사 효성 | 고무보강용 셀룰로오스 생코드 |
EP2374528B1 (de) * | 2009-09-04 | 2014-11-12 | Tsukasa Co., Ltd. | Schüttelvorrichtung für pulverpartikel |
DE102010038417A1 (de) * | 2010-07-26 | 2012-01-26 | Huber Se | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Entfernen von Siebgut aus einer Flüssigkeit |
AT512601B1 (de) | 2012-03-05 | 2014-06-15 | Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Cellulosesuspension |
CN102756871B (zh) * | 2012-07-09 | 2018-02-13 | 无锡锡东能源科技有限公司 | 防堵的生物质原料的水平输送结构 |
EP3564415A1 (de) * | 2013-10-29 | 2019-11-06 | Braskem S.A. | System und verfahren zur dosierung einer polymermischung mit einem ersten lösungsmittel |
CN105113027B (zh) * | 2015-08-29 | 2017-09-15 | 山东英利实业有限公司 | 一种用于lyocell纤维制备的预混合器 |
US10358296B2 (en) * | 2015-09-18 | 2019-07-23 | Maxwell Properties, Llc | Systems and methods for delivering asphalt concrete |
CN105964164A (zh) * | 2016-06-16 | 2016-09-28 | 郑国义 | 均质悬浮方法 |
CN110225961A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2019-09-10 | 泰顿生物科学有限公司 | 用于制造工业副产品的连续中试规模的水热卧式反应器设计 |
CN107376775A (zh) * | 2017-08-23 | 2017-11-24 | 南通澳润建材科技有限公司 | 双轴加湿搅拌机 |
EP3536833A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocell-fasern ohne mannan |
EP3536850A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Zellstoff und lyocellformkörper mit reduziertem cellulosegehalt |
EP3536853A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocellfaser mit verringerter pillenbildung |
EP3536832A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften |
EP3536831A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocellfaser mit neuartigem querschnitt |
TWI814782B (zh) | 2018-03-06 | 2023-09-11 | 奧地利商蘭仁股份有限公司 | 溶劑紡絲之纖維素纖維 |
EP3536852A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Zellstoff und lyocell faser mit einstellbarem weissgrad |
EP3536851A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocellfaser mit erhöhter neigung zur fibrillierung |
EP3536829A1 (de) | 2018-03-06 | 2019-09-11 | Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft | Lyocellfaser mit viskoseartigen eigenschaften |
CN108751422B (zh) * | 2018-04-09 | 2021-08-03 | 沈阳双壹市政工程有限公司 | 一种药剂输送装置 |
CN109250506A (zh) * | 2018-09-13 | 2019-01-22 | 常州泰聚环保科技有限公司 | 一种预防物料板结的物料输送系统 |
FI20195926A1 (en) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-13 | Aurotec Gmbh | Device for handling thin films |
CN110894621B (zh) * | 2019-11-06 | 2022-06-21 | 当阳市鸿阳新材料科技有限公司 | 降低莱赛尔纤维原纤化的制备工艺及其设备 |
CN113058459A (zh) * | 2021-04-08 | 2021-07-02 | 扬州志同机械有限公司 | 一种高速易分离的物料搅拌乳化一体机 |
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-
1995
- 1995-04-25 AT AT0071295A patent/AT409130B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1996
- 1996-03-25 DE DE19680270T patent/DE19680270D2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-25 BR BR9606338A patent/BR9606338A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1996-03-25 PL PL96317655A patent/PL317655A1/xx unknown
- 1996-03-25 MX MX9700039A patent/MX9700039A/es unknown
- 1996-03-25 SK SK1651-96A patent/SK283159B6/sk unknown
- 1996-03-25 CA CA002193358A patent/CA2193358A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1996-03-25 EP EP96905589A patent/EP0764127B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1996-03-25 AU AU49313/96A patent/AU713310B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1996-03-25 CZ CZ19963564A patent/CZ292838B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-25 WO PCT/AT1996/000059 patent/WO1996033934A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1996-03-25 DE DE59602067T patent/DE59602067D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1996-03-25 JP JP8532028A patent/JPH10502604A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1996-03-25 CN CN96190394A patent/CN1152287A/zh active Pending
- 1996-03-25 AT AT96905589T patent/ATE180746T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-25 HU HU9603573A patent/HU223552B1/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1996-03-25 GB GB9625756A patent/GB2303577A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1996-03-25 RO RO96-02389A patent/RO114112B1/ro unknown
- 1996-04-02 TW TW086213702U patent/TW341960U/zh unknown
- 1996-04-03 TR TR96/00280A patent/TR199600280A2/xx unknown
- 1996-04-12 ZA ZA962932A patent/ZA962932B/xx unknown
- 1996-12-17 BG BG101064A patent/BG62647B1/bg unknown
- 1996-12-23 NO NO965560A patent/NO965560D0/no not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1997
- 1997-03-03 US US08/807,258 patent/US5921675A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1998
- 1998-09-28 HK HK98111005A patent/HK1010359A1/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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See references of WO9633934A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB2303577A (en) | 1997-02-26 |
HUP9603573A3 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
HUP9603573A2 (hu) | 1999-04-28 |
ZA962932B (en) | 1996-10-17 |
HK1010359A1 (en) | 1999-06-17 |
WO1996033934A1 (de) | 1996-10-31 |
SK283159B6 (sk) | 2003-03-04 |
DE19680270D2 (de) | 1997-06-05 |
EP0764127B1 (de) | 1999-06-02 |
TR199600280A2 (tr) | 1997-01-21 |
PL317655A1 (en) | 1997-04-28 |
AU713310B2 (en) | 1999-11-25 |
CA2193358A1 (en) | 1996-10-31 |
NO965560L (no) | 1996-12-23 |
BG101064A (en) | 1997-08-29 |
ATE180746T1 (de) | 1999-06-15 |
TW341960U (en) | 1998-10-01 |
NO965560D0 (no) | 1996-12-23 |
ATA71295A (de) | 2001-10-15 |
HU223552B1 (hu) | 2004-09-28 |
CZ356496A3 (en) | 1997-10-15 |
MX9700039A (es) | 1997-04-30 |
SK165196A3 (en) | 1997-07-09 |
GB9625756D0 (en) | 1997-01-29 |
CZ292838B6 (cs) | 2003-12-17 |
DE59602067D1 (de) | 1999-07-08 |
JPH10502604A (ja) | 1998-03-10 |
BR9606338A (pt) | 1997-08-12 |
CN1152287A (zh) | 1997-06-18 |
AU4931396A (en) | 1996-11-18 |
BG62647B1 (bg) | 2000-04-28 |
AT409130B (de) | 2002-05-27 |
US5921675A (en) | 1999-07-13 |
RO114112B1 (ro) | 1999-01-29 |
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