EP3536832A1 - Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften - Google Patents

Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3536832A1
EP3536832A1 EP18160141.0A EP18160141A EP3536832A1 EP 3536832 A1 EP3536832 A1 EP 3536832A1 EP 18160141 A EP18160141 A EP 18160141A EP 3536832 A1 EP3536832 A1 EP 3536832A1
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Prior art keywords
fibers
lyocell
fiber
lyocell fiber
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Martina Optietnik
Verena Silbermann
Andrea Borgards
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Lenzing AG
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Lenzing AG
Chemiefaser Lenzing AG
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Priority to EP18160141.0A priority Critical patent/EP3536832A1/de
Priority to TW108107364A priority patent/TW201938670A/zh
Priority to PCT/EP2019/055517 priority patent/WO2019170715A1/en
Publication of EP3536832A1 publication Critical patent/EP3536832A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F2/02—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from solutions of cellulose in acids, bases or salts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a lyocell fiber with improved disintegration properties, a method for producing same as well as to products comprising the lyocell fiber.
  • Biodegradation is the physical breakdown of material into microscopic pieces
  • biodegradation is the chemical breakdown of a material into carbon dioxide, methane and biomass.
  • Biodegradation and disintegration have to occur simultaneously for a material to decompose. Biodegradation and disintegration can take place in soil, fresh water or sea water.
  • cellulosic fibers are biodegradable, compostable and undergo disintegration.
  • Cellulosic fibers can either be fibers from natural origin like wool, linen, cotton, flax,... or man-made cellulosic fibers.
  • Ratajska et al compare viscose and cellulose carbamate fibers, whereas the carbamate degrades (aqueous and soil) faster, the authors postulate the faster degradation can be explained by the changes in the chemical structure of the carbamate by its modification.
  • Warnock et al (Summ Ark Cotton Res,2009, 208-211 ) compare cotton, viscose and lyocell fabrics having a similar chemical composition, but different degrees of polymerization and crystallinities.
  • Cotton shows high degrees of polymerization (6000-10000) and crystallinities (70%), whereas viscose shows lower values, with only 30% of crystallinity and decreased DP 400-700 adjusted during the production.
  • the lyocell fiber is defined as a high crystalline fiber.
  • Biodegradation experiments (soil burial tests) proved the influence of these properties on the rate of biodegradation - the viscose degrades rapidly, followed by a medium degradation of cotton and a slow rate for lyocell. The rate of biodegradation increases with the decreased crystallinity and decreased length of cellulose chains.
  • Fiber based fibers are employed in a wide variety of applications. Due to ever increasing demands even for such fibers based on renewable resources such as wood attempts have been made to increase the variety of raw materials which may be employed for the production of such fibers. At the same time a demand exists towards a further functionalization of such fibers, targeting specific fiber properties. Another aim is to mimic properties and structure of natural fibers. Fibers based on cellulose regeneration differ in their structure from natural fibers in that they typically do not show any internal cavities/lumen. For example viscose fibers do show an oval cross section comprising a dense sheath and a sponge like core of the fiber.
  • Lyocell fibers on the other hand do show a circular cross section with a three layered structure, comprising an outer compact skin with a thickness of 100 to 150 nm and a small pore size from 2 to 5 nm, followed by a middle layer with increasing porosity and a dense, non-porous core.
  • the process for preparing lyocell fibers offers only limited options to influence fiber properties and structure. However, it would be advantageous if means existed to influence fiber properties to a greater extend even in the lyocell process.
  • During the process of preparing viscose fibers due to the type of solvent used and the general robustness of the process, it is possible to add a broad variety of additives and additional components to adjust fiber properties. Due to the specific solvent system used for the lyocell process there are however only limited options available for the addition of additives in order to further vary the structure and/or properties of lyocell fibers.
  • meltblown fibers obtained from hemicelluloses rich pulps show a decreased or reduced tendency to fibrillate.
  • a similar disclosure is also given in US 6440547 , which again refers to meltblown fibers.
  • crystallinity was determined, showing a rather insignificant decrease of crystallinity for the meltblown fibers with high hemicelluloses content as compared to standard lyocell fibers (decrease of less than 5%).
  • US 8420004 discloses another example of meltblown fibers for producing non-woven fabrics.
  • Zhang et al (Polymer Engineering and Science 2007, 47, 702-706 ) describe lyocell fibers with higher hemicellulose contents. The authors postulate that the fibers tend to show an enhanced fiber fibrillation resistance, lower crystallinity and better dyeability. However, the determination of crystallinity in this paper showed an only insignificant decrease (less than 5%). They also postulate that the tensile strength only decreases insignificantly and that the fiber properties could be even increased further by higher hemicelluloses concentrations in the spinning dope.
  • Zhang et al Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2008, 107, 636-641
  • Zhang et al Polymer Materials Science and Engineering 2008, 24, 11, 99-102
  • Zhang et al Chinese Synthetic Fiber Industry 2008, 31, 2, 24-27
  • Zhang et al Chinese Synthetic Fiber Industry 2008, 31, 2, 24-27
  • the same authors postulate this same theory in Journal of Applied Science 2009, 113, 150-156 .
  • the viscose fiber is well-established within the market, with over 100 years of experience. In the last 20 years a new technology - lyocell - found its way on the market. These lyocell fibers are presumed as "new-age" fibers produced with an environmental friendly, closed-loop, direct dissolution process. In terms of rate of biodegradability and disintegration the lyocell fibers are inferior to viscose fibers. A lyocell fiber with a higher rate of biodegradation and disintegration comparable to viscose would allow new application fields for lyocell. The task of the present invention accordingly was to provide a new lyocell fiber with increased biodegradability and disintegration properties.
  • Figure 1 shows the fibrillation dynamics of a fiber in accordance with the present invention in comparison with a standard fiber and a standard fiber subjected to chemical fibrillation.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the results of an enzymatic peeling test, while Figures 4 to 6 show the results of degradation experiments in soil.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention is a lyocell fiber with an increased degradation behavior.
  • the novel fibers display properties similar to standard lyocell fibers, such as mechanical fiber properties, while other properties, such as WRV and fibrillation tendencies, as well as degradation behavior are similar to the advantageous property levels known from viscose fibers.
  • the fiber of the present invention shows a novel structure of the cross section, as compared to standard lyocell fibers. While the three layer structure known from standard lyocell fibers is maintained, at least the inner core layer shows an increased porosity, as compared with standard lyocell fibers. In embodiments also the surface layer may be less thick and/or the pore size, which is typically for standard lyocell fibers in the range of from 2 to 5 nm, may be larger.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention are lyocell fibers with enhanced fibrillation tendencies, which are produced without any chemical pre-treatment.
  • the chemical pre-treatment step weakens the fiber properties (working capacity) on the one hand and adds cost to the fiber production on the other hand.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention shows well-balanced fibrillation dynamics between standard lyocell fibers and fast fibrillated fibers obtained with additional chemical pre-treatments. Accordingly, in embodiments the lyocell fiber in accordance with the present invention avoids the need for chemical pre-treatment whilst achieving fast fibrillation.
  • Standard lyocell fibers are currently commercially produced from high quality wood pulps with high ⁇ -cellulose content and low non-cellulose contents such as hemicelluloses.
  • Commercially available lyocell fibers such as TENCELTM fibers produced from Lenzing AG, show excellent fiber properties for nonwovens and textile applications.
  • these lyocell fibers are chemically pre-treated using agents such as mineral acids or bleaching reagents. By this chemical treatment the fiber properties are weakened drastically and the working capacity decreases.
  • the lyocell process is well known in the art and relates to a direct dissolution process of cellulose wood pulp or other cellulose-based feedstock in a polar solvent (for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids).
  • a polar solvent for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids.
  • NMMO, NMO N-methylmorpholine N-oxide
  • ionic liquids for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids.
  • the technology is used to produce a family of cellulose staple fibers (commercially available from Lenzing AG, Lenzing, Austria under the trademark TENCEL® or TENCELTM) which are widely used in the textile and nonwoven industry.
  • Other cellulose bodies from lyocell technology have also been produced.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention were produced on a semi-commercial pilot plant ( ⁇ 1 kt/a) and a complete, commercial-like after-treatment of the fiber.
  • a straightforward scale-up from this production unit to a commercial unit (>30 kt/a) is feasible and reliable.
  • the solution of cellulose is extruded in a so called dry-wet-spinning process by means of a forming tool and the moulded solution is guided for example over an air gap into a precipitation bath, where the moulded body is obtained by precipitation of the cellulose.
  • the molding is washed and optionally dried after further treatment steps.
  • Such lyocell fibers are well known in the art and the general methodology to produce and analyze same is for example disclosed in US 4,246,221 and in the BISFA (The International Bureau for the Standardization of Man-Made Fibers) publication "Terminology of Man-Made Fibres", 2009 editi on. Both references are included herewith in their entirety by reference.
  • lyocell fiber as employed herein defines a fiber obtained by this process, as it has been found that fibers in accordance with the present invention differ greatly from fibers for example obtained from a meltblown process, even if using a direct dissolution process of cellulose wood pulp or other cellulose-based feedstock in a polar solvent (for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids) in order to produce the starting material.
  • a polar solvent for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention also differ from other types of cellulose based fibers, such as viscose fibers.
  • hemicelluloses refers to materials known to the skilled person which are present in wood and other cellulosic raw material such as annual plants, i.e. the raw material from which cellulose typically is obtained. Hemicelluloses are present in wood and other plants in form of branched short chain polysaccharides built up by pentoses and/or hexoses (C5 and / or C6-sugar units). The main building blocks are mannose, xylose, glucose, rhamnose and galactose. The back bone of the polysaccharides can consist of only one unit (f.e. xylan) or of two or more units (e.g. mannan).
  • hemicelluloses as known by the skilled person and as employed herein comprises hemicelluloses in its native state, hemicelluloses degraded by ordinary processing and hemicelluloses chemically modified by special process steps (e. g. derivatization) as well as short chain celluloses and other short chain polysaccharides with a degree of polymerization (DP) of up to 500.
  • DP degree of polymerization
  • the pulps preferably employed in the present invention do show as outlined herein a high content of hemicelluloses. Compared with the standard low hemicellulose content pulp employed for the preparation of standard lyocell fibers the preferred pulps employed in accordance with the present invention do show also other differences, which are outlined below.
  • the pulps as employed herein display a more fluffy appearance, which results after milling (during preparation of starting materials for the formation of spinning solutions for the lyocell process), in the presence of a high proportion of larger particles.
  • the bulk density is much lower, compared with standard pulps having a low hemicellulose content.
  • This low bulk density requires adaptions in the dosage parameters (f.e. dosage from at least 2 storage devices).
  • the pulps employed in accordance with the present invention are more difficult to impregnate with NMMO. This can be seen by evaluating the impregnating behavior according to the Cobb evaluation.
  • the pulp employed for the preparation of the lyocell products, preferably fibers, as described herein has a scan viscosity in the range of from 300-440 ml/g, especially 320-420 ml/g, more preferably 320 to 400 ml/g.
  • the scan viscosity is determined in accordance with SCAN-CM 15:99 in a cupriethylenediamine solution, a methodology which is known to the skilled person and which can be carried out on commercially available devices, such as the device Auto PulplVA PSLRheotek available from psl-rheotek.
  • the scan viscosity is an important parameter influencing in particular processing of the pulp to prepare spinning solutions.
  • lyocell process and lyocell technology relate to a direct dissolution process of cellulose wood pulp or other cellulose-based feedstock in a polar solvent (for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids).
  • a polar solvent for example N-methylmorpholine N-oxide [NMMO, NMO] or ionic liquids.
  • the technology is used to produce a family of cellulose staple fibers (commercially available from Lenzing AG, Lenzing, Austria under the trademark TENCEL® or TENCELTM) which are widely used in the textile and nonwoven industry.
  • Other cellulose bodies from lyocell technology have also been produced.
  • the solution of cellulose is usually extruded in a so called dry-wet-spinning process by means of a forming tool and the moulded solution gets for example over an air gap into a precipitation bath, where the moulded body is obtained by precipitation of the cellulose.
  • the moulding is washed and optionally dried after further treatment steps.
  • a process for production of lyocell fibers is described, for instance, in US 4,246,221 , WO 93/19230 , WO95/02082 or WO97/38153 .
  • the task and object mentioned above was solved by lyocell fibers with the properties mentioned above,
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention show, in embodiments due to the specific structure, the required improved degradation properties, which in turn may also be determined for example by increased enzymatic peelability and increased WRV, decreased crystallinity, and/or increased fibrillation tendency.
  • the WRV may be influenced by the crystallinity as well as by the structure of the fiber, in particular the porous core layer.
  • Standard lyocell fibers are currently commercially produced from high quality wood pulps with high ⁇ -cellulose content and low non-cellulose contents such as hemicelluloses.
  • Commercially available Lyocell fibers such as TENCELTM fibers produced from Lenzing AG, show excellent fiber properties for nonwovens and textile applications.
  • the present invention surprisingly is able to provide fibers with the unique properties as described herein by using hemicellulose-rich pulps with a hemicellulose content of at least 5 wt.-%. Contrary to the disclosure in the prior art discussed above, such high hemicellulose content surprisingly, for lyocell fibers of the present invention, gives rise to an increased degradation property. Also the WRV is increased as well as fibrillation tendencies. Accordingly the present invention surprisingly achieves the tasks as outlined above while using a cellulose based raw material with a higher hemicelluloses content, as compared for standard lyocell fibers.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention are fibers produced using large scale production equipment employing a lyocell spinning process, while the fibers described in the prior art are either produced with lab equipment not allowing the production of lyocell fibers in commercial quality (as for example drawing ratios, production velocities, after-treatment do not reflect scale-up qualities) or produced using meltblowing techniques.
  • the fibers, not being produced with insufficient drawing and inadequate after-treatment therefore show different structure and properties compared to the fibers produced at production scale at titers reflecting market applications.
  • the content of hemicelluloses in the pulps - which can also be a mixture of different pulps (as long as the essential requirements are met) - may be from 7 to 50 wt.-%, such as from 10 to 25, preferably 10 to 15 wt.-%.
  • the hemicellulose content may be adjusted according to procedures known in the art.
  • the hemicellulose may be the hemicelluloses originating from the wood from which the pulp is obtained, it is however also possible to add individual hemicelluloses depending on the desired fiber properties from other sources to high purity cellulose with a low original hemicellulose content.
  • the addition of individual hemicelluloses may also be employed to adjust the composition of the hemicelluloses content, for example to adjust the ratio of hexoses to pentoses.
  • the hemicelluloses contained in the pulp used for preparing the fibers in accordance with the present invention may have varying compositions, in particular regarding the content of pentoses and hexoses.
  • the content of pentoses in the hemicellulose-rich pulp employed in the present invention is higher that the hexose content.
  • the ratio of C5/xylan to C6/mannan may be in the range of from 125:1 to 1:3, preferably 25:1 to 1:2.
  • the xylan content preferably is 6 wt.-% or more, more preferably 8 wt.-% or more and in embodiments even 12 wt.-% or more, with a suitable upper limit being about 20 wt.-%.
  • the mannan content preferably, wither in isolation from or in combination with the above identified hemicelluloses content and/or xylan content, in embodiments is 3 wt.-% or more, preferably 5 wt.-% or more, with a suitable upper limit being about 10 wt.-%.
  • the mannan content is low, such as 1 wt.-% or less, preferably 0.2 wt.-% or less and in embodiments 0.1 wt.-% or less, i.e. below a typical detection threshold.
  • hemicelluloses content as well as the composition in particular of xylan and mannan content and ratio is not altered much during fiber spinning the above identified ranges, contents and ratios, presented in the context of the pulp used for the preparation of the lyocell fiber are also applicable for the lyocell fibers as such.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention typically have a titer of 6.7 dtex or less, such as 2.2 dtex or less, such as 1.7 dtex, or even lower, such as 1.3 dtex or even lower, depending on the desired application. If the fiber is intended to be used in nonwoven applications a titer of from 1.5 to 1.8 dtex typically is suitable while for textile applications lower titers such as from 0.9 to 1.7 dtex are suitable. Surprisingly the present invention enables the formation of fibers with the desired titers over the whole application range, from nonwoven applications to textile applications.
  • the present invention also covers fibers with much lower titers, with suitable lower limits for titers being 0.5 dtex or higher, such as 0.8 dtex or higher, and in embodiments 1.3 dtex or higher.
  • suitable lower limits for titers being 0.5 dtex or higher, such as 0.8 dtex or higher, and in embodiments 1.3 dtex or higher.
  • These upper and lower values as disclosed here define ranges of from 0.5 to 9 dtex, and including all further ranges formed by combining any one of the upper values with any one of the lower values.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention may be prepared using lyocell technology employing a solution of cellulose and a spinning process employing a precipitation bath according to standard lyocell processes, known to the skilled person
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention preferably shows a reduced crystallinity, preferably of 40% or less.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention preferably shows a WRV of 70% or more, more preferably 75% or more. Suitable ranges, in particular in combination with the crystallinity described herein and/or the hemicelluloses content and composition, are from72% to 90%, such as from 75% to 85%.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention does not show any sulfuric smell so that olfactoric drawbacks of viscose fibers are overcome, while properties such as WRV and working capacity enable the use of the fibers of the present invention as viscose replacement fibers.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention in isolation or in any combination with features outlined above as preferred for the claimed fiber, has a crystallinity of 40 % or less, preferably 39 % or less.
  • fibers to be employed for non woven applications do show preferably a low crystallinity of for example from 39 to 30%, such as from 38 to 33 %.
  • the present invention however is not limited to these exemplary crystallinity values.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention do show a reduced crystallinity of 40 % or less.
  • the fiber in accordance with the present invention shows in embodiments a novel type of distribution of the hemicelluloses over the cross section of the fiber. While for standard lyocell fibers the hemicelluloses are concentrated within the surface region of the fiber the fibers in accordance with the present invention do show an even distribution of the hemicelluloses over the entire cross section of the fiber. Such a distribution enhances the functionality of the fiber, as hemicelluloses increase for example binding properties towards other additives with a matching chemical reactivity. In addition the even distribution of the hemicelluloses may also contribute towards stabilizing the novel structure of the fibers in accordance with the present invention, comprising larger pores in the surface layer and a porous core layer. This novel structure enhances uptake as well as retention of other molecules, such as dyes and also contributes towards a faster degradation, in particular biological (enzymatic) degradation / disintegration.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention may be employed for a variety of applications, such as the production of nonwoven fabrics, but also textiles.
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention may by employed as the only fiber of a desired product or they may be mixed with other types of fibers. The mixing ratio can depend from the desired end use.
  • parameter values and ranges as defined herein in relation to fibers refer to properties determined with fibers derived from pulp and containing only additives, such as processing aids typically added to the dope as well as other additives, such as matting agents (TiO 2 , which often is added in amounts of up to 0.75 wt.-%), in a total amount of up to 1 wt.-% (based on fiber weight).
  • additives such as processing aids typically added to the dope as well as other additives, such as matting agents (TiO 2 , which often is added in amounts of up to 0.75 wt.-%), in a total amount of up to 1 wt.-% (based on fiber weight).
  • TiO 2 matting agents
  • the unique and particular properties as reported herein are properties of the fibers as such, and not properties obtained by addition of particular additives and/or post spinning treatments (such as fibrillation improving treatments etc.).
  • the fibers as disclosed and claimed herein may comprise additives, such as inorganic fillers etc. in usual amounts as long as the presence of these additives has no detrimental effect on dope preparation and spinning operation.
  • additives such as inorganic fillers etc.
  • the type of such additives as well as the respective addition amounts are known to the skilled person.
  • 3 different fibers were produced using 3 different types of pulp with different hemicellulose contents (table 1).
  • the lyocell fibers were produced according to WO93/19230 dissolving the pulps in NMMO and spinning them over an air-gap into a precipitation bath to receive fibers with titers from 1.3 dtex to 1.7 dtex, with and without matting agent (0.75% TiO 2 ).
  • Table 1 Sugar contents of the different pulps for the lyocell fiber production.
  • Fiber 1 is produced from hemi-rich pulp 1 and fiber 2 from hemi-rich pulp 2.
  • the standard lyocell (CLY) fibers are produced from the standard lyocell reference pulp. Bright indicates a textile fiber without matting agent, whereas the dull fibers contain the matting agent identified above.
  • Tablle 2 Fiber properties.
  • the displayed results show that the fibers in accordance with the present invention may be prepared over the commercially relevant range of fiber titers, while maintaining sufficient mechanical properties, in particular working capacity, to render these fibers suitable as viscose replacement fibers.
  • Crystallinities of the fibers of Example 1 are measured using a FT/IR with a Bruker MultiRAM FT-Raman spectrometer with a Nd-Yag-laser at 1064 nm and 500 mW. The fibers are pressed into pellets for a smooth surface. Fourfold determination with a spectral resolution of 4 cm -1 with 100 scans respectively. Evaluation of the measurements was done using a chemometric method (calibration with WAXS-data).
  • crystallinities of the fibers of the present invention decrease by 15 and 16% respectively compared to the standard lyocell fibers. But they are still significantly higher compared to viscose fibers.
  • Table 3 Crystallinities of the different lyocell fibers. fiber type crystallinity [%] 1.3 dtex / 38 mm CLY standard bright 44 1.3 dtex / 40 mm viscose standard bright 29 1.3 dtex / 38 mm fiber 1 bright 37 1.7 dtex / 38 mm CLY standard dull 47 1.7 dtex / 40 mm viscose standard dull 34 1.7 dtex / 38 mm fiber 1 dull 40 1.7 dtex / 38 mm fiber 2 dull 39
  • a defined quantity of dry fibers is introduced into special centrifuge tubes (with an outlet for the water). The fibers are allowed to swell in deionized water for 5 minutes. Then it is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 15 minutes, whereupon the moist cellulose is weighed right away. The moist cellulose is dried for 4 hours at 105 °C, whereupon the dry weight is determined.
  • the water retention value is a measured value that indicates how much water of a moisture penetrated sample is retained after centrifuging.
  • the water retention value is expressed as a percentage relative to the dry weight of the sample.
  • the standard 1.7 dtex / 4 mm lyocell fibers are commercially available as TENCELTM fibers from Lenzing AG ("lyocell standard").
  • Lyocell fibers subjected to a chemical pre-treatment were produced as described in AT 515693 .
  • a fiber tow with single titers of 1.7 dtex was impregnated with diluted sulfuric acid at room temperature with a liquor ratio 1:10 and afterwards pressed to -200 % moisture.
  • After-treatment of the fiber tow in a steamer for -10 min allows application of water vapor under pressure.
  • the fiber bundle is washed acid-free, a soft-finish is applied and the fibers are dried.
  • the dried fiber tow is cut into 4 mm shortcut fibers subsequently ending up with 1.7 dtex / 4 mm "lyocell chemical fibrillation" fibers.
  • Lyocell fibers of the present invention were produced from the hemicellulose-rich pulp 1 from example 1 with a hemicelluloses content of >10%, yielding after post-spinning treatment 1.7 dtex / 4 mm fibers.
  • the 3 different fiber types were refined in an Andritz Laboratory plant 12-1C plate refiner (NFB, S01-218238) at a starting concentration of 6 g/l, 1400 rpm and 172 l/min flow rate.
  • the gap was fixed at 1 mm.
  • lyocell fibers of the present invention designated lyocell increased fibrillation and lyocell chemical fibrillation fibers fibrillate at a significant higher rate compared to Lyocell standard fiber, meaning a decrease in time- and energy effort.
  • the lyocell increased fibrillation fiber however showed a slower increase in fibrillation.
  • the lyocell fibers CLY standard bright and fiber 1 bright (1.3 dtex / 38 mm bright) evaluated in Example 1 were subjected to an enzymatic peeling test according to Sjöberg et al (Biomacromolecules 2005, 6, 3146-3151 ).
  • a viscose fiber with an enhanced xylan content of 7.5% was chosen for comparison from the paper by Schild and Liftinger ( Cellulose 2014, 21, 3031-3039 ). This xylan content is close to the xylan content of the new fiber with 6.8%.
  • the test enables the generation of data concerning the hemicellulose distribution over the cross section of fibers, in particular xylan (by HPLC determination) including information relating to different densities and structures of layers (as denser layers show a slower response as well as layers with smaller pore sizes).
  • the standard lyocell fibers as well as the xylan enriched viscose fibers showed a slow peeling rate ( fig. 2 ). This effect is even more pronounced for prolonged peeling times due to the denser cores.
  • the xylan liberation determined corresponds to fibers with high hemicellulose content at the surface of the fiber and a sharp concentration decrease towards the core ( fig. 3 ).
  • the fibers in accordance with the present invention show a peeling behavior corresponding to a fiber structure with an even distribution of the hemicellulose content over the entire cross section. Additionally, the peeling is much faster. This is even more astonishing and completely new as this phenomenon could not be achieved with xylan enriched viscose fibers. Due to the faster peeling rate it can be concluded that the new fibers have more porous core and surface layers with increased pore sizes and numbers and a homogenous distribution of the xylan over the whole fiber cross section.
  • Example 7 Disintegration in soil
  • Disintegration is qualitatively evaluated during 8 weeks (the test normally lasts 12 weeks, but after the material completely disappeared after 8 weeks, the test was stopped) of composting, simulating industrial composting conditions.
  • test materials were put in slide frames, mixed with biowaste and composted in a 200 liter composting bin.
  • the test is considered valid if the maximum temperature during the composting (industrial composition requirements) is above 60°C and below 75°C. Moreover, the daily temperature should be above 60°C during 1 week and above 40°C during at least 4 consecutive weeks.
  • fiber 1 disintegrates much faster compared to standard lyocell.
  • the disintegration after 4 weeks is comparable with the viscose test sample, after 2 weeks large holes can be observed at the fiber 1 sample, whereas the viscose sample shows only small tears and holes and the lyocell sample is still intact.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
EP18160141.0A 2018-03-06 2018-03-06 Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften Withdrawn EP3536832A1 (de)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP18160141.0A EP3536832A1 (de) 2018-03-06 2018-03-06 Lyocellfaser mit verbesserten zerfallseigenschaften
TW108107364A TW201938670A (zh) 2018-03-06 2019-03-06 分解性質改善的萊纖纖維
PCT/EP2019/055517 WO2019170715A1 (en) 2018-03-06 2019-03-06 Lyocell fiber with improved disintegration properties

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